"straffen" meaning in Dutch

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "afstraffen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "bestraffen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "straf"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "af",
            "2": "straf"
          },
          "expansion": "Afrikaans: straf",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Afrikaans: straf"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "brc",
            "2": "strafu"
          },
          "expansion": "Berbice Creole Dutch: strafu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Berbice Creole Dutch: strafu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dcr",
            "2": "straaf"
          },
          "expansion": "Negerhollands: straaf",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Negerhollands: straaf"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "djk",
            "2": "sitaafu",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Aukan: sitaafu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Aukan: sitaafu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pap",
            "2": "straf",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Papiamentu: straf",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Papiamentu: straf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "straffen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch straffen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "gmh",
        "3": "strāfen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle High German strāfen",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*strēpōn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *strēpōn",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*streupan",
        "t": "to squeeze, press, graze"
      },
      "expansion": "*streupan (“to squeeze, press, graze”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch straffen, probably from Middle High German strāfen, which may go back to Proto-West Germanic *strēpōn, of uncertain ultimate origin, but possibly related to *streupan (“to squeeze, press, graze”). The short vowel and geminate in Dutch in contrast to the Middle High German long vowel is peculiar. Note however that forms with a long vowel do occur in dialectal Dutch.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nl-conj-wk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straffen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straffen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straf",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strafte",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straft",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strafte",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straft",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strafte",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straft",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "Flanders",
        "colloquial",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straft",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "formal",
        "majestic",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strafte",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "Flanders",
        "colloquial",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strafte",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "formal",
        "majestic",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straft",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strafte",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straffen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straften",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straffe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strafte",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straffen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straften",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straf",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straft",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straffend",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gestraft",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "straffen",
      "name": "nl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "straf‧fen"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "straf",
        "2": "straffe"
      },
      "name": "nl-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "to punish"
      ],
      "id": "en-straffen-nl-verb-G3PyFaL2",
      "links": [
        [
          "punish",
          "punish"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to punish"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "25 16 59",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to sentence"
      ],
      "id": "en-straffen-nl-verb-GcAw4fZT",
      "links": [
        [
          "sentence",
          "sentence"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to sentence"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈstrɑfə(n)/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑfən"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Nl-straffen.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4e/Nl-straffen.ogg/Nl-straffen.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Nl-straffen.ogg",
      "text": "audio"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Nicoline van der Sijs"
  ],
  "word": "straffen"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
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      "args": {},
      "expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
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  ],
  "etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "noun form"
      },
      "expansion": "straffen",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "straf‧fen"
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "straf"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "plural of straf"
      ],
      "id": "en-straffen-nl-noun-uuCAojUc",
      "links": [
        [
          "straf",
          "straf#Dutch"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈstrɑfə(n)/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑfən"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Nl-straffen.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4e/Nl-straffen.ogg/Nl-straffen.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Nl-straffen.ogg",
      "text": "audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "straffen"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Dutch basic verbs",
    "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
    "Dutch lemmas",
    "Dutch non-lemma forms",
    "Dutch noun forms",
    "Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
    "Dutch terms derived from Middle High German",
    "Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
    "Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Dutch terms with audio links",
    "Dutch verbs",
    "Dutch weak verbs",
    "Rhymes:Dutch/ɑfən",
    "Rhymes:Dutch/ɑfən/2 syllables"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "afstraffen"
    },
    {
      "word": "bestraffen"
    },
    {
      "word": "straf"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "af",
            "2": "straf"
          },
          "expansion": "Afrikaans: straf",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Afrikaans: straf"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "brc",
            "2": "strafu"
          },
          "expansion": "Berbice Creole Dutch: strafu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Berbice Creole Dutch: strafu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dcr",
            "2": "straaf"
          },
          "expansion": "Negerhollands: straaf",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Negerhollands: straaf"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "djk",
            "2": "sitaafu",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Aukan: sitaafu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Aukan: sitaafu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pap",
            "2": "straf",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Papiamentu: straf",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Papiamentu: straf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "straffen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch straffen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "gmh",
        "3": "strāfen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle High German strāfen",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*strēpōn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *strēpōn",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*streupan",
        "t": "to squeeze, press, graze"
      },
      "expansion": "*streupan (“to squeeze, press, graze”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch straffen, probably from Middle High German strāfen, which may go back to Proto-West Germanic *strēpōn, of uncertain ultimate origin, but possibly related to *streupan (“to squeeze, press, graze”). The short vowel and geminate in Dutch in contrast to the Middle High German long vowel is peculiar. Note however that forms with a long vowel do occur in dialectal Dutch.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nl-conj-wk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straffen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straffen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straf",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strafte",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straft",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strafte",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straft",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strafte",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straft",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "Flanders",
        "colloquial",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straft",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "formal",
        "majestic",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strafte",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "Flanders",
        "colloquial",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strafte",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "formal",
        "majestic",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straft",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strafte",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straffen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straften",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straffe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strafte",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straffen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straften",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straf",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straft",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straffend",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gestraft",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "straffen",
      "name": "nl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "straf‧fen"
  ],
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    {
      "args": {
        "1": "straf",
        "2": "straffe"
      },
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  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Dutch transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to punish"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "punish",
          "punish"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to punish"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Dutch transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to sentence"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sentence",
          "sentence"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to sentence"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈstrɑfə(n)/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑfən"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Nl-straffen.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4e/Nl-straffen.ogg/Nl-straffen.ogg.mp3",
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      "text": "audio"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Nicoline van der Sijs"
  ],
  "word": "straffen"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
    "Dutch non-lemma forms",
    "Dutch noun forms",
    "Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Dutch terms with audio links",
    "Rhymes:Dutch/ɑfən",
    "Rhymes:Dutch/ɑfən/2 syllables"
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  "head_templates": [
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        "2": "noun form"
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      "expansion": "straffen",
      "name": "head"
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  "hyphenation": [
    "straf‧fen"
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
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          "word": "straf"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "plural of straf"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "straf",
          "straf#Dutch"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈstrɑfə(n)/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑfən"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Nl-straffen.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4e/Nl-straffen.ogg/Nl-straffen.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Nl-straffen.ogg",
      "text": "audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "straffen"
}