See straffen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "afstraffen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bestraffen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "straf"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
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"lang_code": "af",
"word": "straf"
},
{
"lang": "Berbice Creole Dutch",
"lang_code": "brc",
"word": "strafu"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "straaf"
},
{
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"lang_code": "djk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
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},
{
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"lang_code": "pap",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
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}
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{
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"2": "dum",
"3": "straffen"
},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "gmh",
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},
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"name": "der"
},
{
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"3": "*strēpōn"
},
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"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch straffen, probably from Middle High German strāfen, which may go back to Proto-West Germanic *strēpōn, of uncertain ultimate origin, but possibly related to *streupan (“to squeeze, press, graze”). The short vowel and geminate in Dutch in contrast to the Middle High German long vowel is peculiar. Note however that forms with a long vowel do occur in dialectal Dutch.",
"forms": [
{
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"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "straffen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "straffen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "straf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "strafte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "straft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "straf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "strafte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "straft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "strafte",
"source": "conjugation",
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{
"form": "straft",
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]
},
{
"form": "straft",
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"majestic",
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"second-person",
"singular"
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},
{
"form": "strafte",
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"Flanders",
"colloquial",
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]
},
{
"form": "strafte",
"source": "conjugation",
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"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
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]
},
{
"form": "straft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "strafte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "straffen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "straften",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "straffe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
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]
},
{
"form": "strafte",
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"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
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},
{
"form": "straffen",
"source": "conjugation",
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"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "straften",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "straf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "straft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "straffend",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gestraft",
"source": "conjugation",
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"participle",
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]
}
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"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to punish"
],
"id": "en-straffen-nl-verb-G3PyFaL2",
"links": [
[
"punish",
"punish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to punish"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to sentence"
],
"id": "en-straffen-nl-verb-GcAw4fZT",
"links": [
[
"sentence",
"sentence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to sentence"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈstrɑfə(n)/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-straffen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4e/Nl-straffen.ogg/Nl-straffen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Nl-straffen.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑfən"
}
],
"word": "straffen"
}
{
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{
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],
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"head_templates": [
{
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],
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{
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],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
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"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "55 34 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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{
"word": "straf"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of straf"
],
"id": "en-straffen-nl-noun-uuCAojUc",
"links": [
[
"straf",
"straf#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
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]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈstrɑfə(n)/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-straffen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4e/Nl-straffen.ogg/Nl-straffen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Nl-straffen.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑfən"
}
],
"word": "straffen"
}
{
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"Dutch terms derived from Middle High German",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch verbs",
"Dutch weak verbs",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
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"Rhymes:Dutch/ɑfən/2 syllables"
],
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{
"word": "afstraffen"
},
{
"word": "bestraffen"
},
{
"word": "straf"
}
],
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"lang_code": "af",
"word": "straf"
},
{
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{
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"word": "straaf"
},
{
"lang": "Aukan",
"lang_code": "djk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "sitaafu"
},
{
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"borrowed"
],
"word": "straf"
}
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"args": {
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"3": "straffen"
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"name": "inh"
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{
"args": {
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"3": "*strēpōn"
},
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}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch straffen, probably from Middle High German strāfen, which may go back to Proto-West Germanic *strēpōn, of uncertain ultimate origin, but possibly related to *streupan (“to squeeze, press, graze”). The short vowel and geminate in Dutch in contrast to the Middle High German long vowel is peculiar. Note however that forms with a long vowel do occur in dialectal Dutch.",
"forms": [
{
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"table-tags"
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},
{
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "straffen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "straffen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "straf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "strafte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "straft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "straf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "strafte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "straft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "strafte",
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"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "straft",
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"colloquial",
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},
{
"form": "straft",
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"formal",
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},
{
"form": "strafte",
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"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
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]
},
{
"form": "strafte",
"source": "conjugation",
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"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
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"singular"
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},
{
"form": "straft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "strafte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "straffen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "straften",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "straffe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "strafte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "straffen",
"source": "conjugation",
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"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "straften",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "straf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "straft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "straffend",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gestraft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
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}
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}
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{
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],
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"to punish"
],
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to punish"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to sentence"
],
"links": [
[
"sentence",
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]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to sentence"
],
"tags": [
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]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/ˈstrɑfə(n)/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-straffen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4e/Nl-straffen.ogg/Nl-straffen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Nl-straffen.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑfən"
}
],
"word": "straffen"
}
{
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],
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},
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],
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]
],
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],
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{
"ipa": "/ˈstrɑfə(n)/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-straffen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4e/Nl-straffen.ogg/Nl-straffen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Nl-straffen.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑfən"
}
],
"word": "straffen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for straffen meaning in Dutch (6.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Dutch dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.