"straf" meaning in Dutch

See straf in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /strɑf/ Audio: Nl-straf.ogg
Rhymes: -ɑf Etymology: From late Middle Dutch straf. Further etymology is not known. Etymology templates: {{inh|nl|dum|straf}} Middle Dutch straf Head templates: {{nl-adj|straffer}} straf (comparative straffer, superlative strafst) Inflection templates: {{nl-decl-adj|straffe}} Forms: straffer [comparative], strafst [superlative], no-table-tags [table-tags], straf [adverbial, positive, predicative], straffer [adverbial, comparative, predicative], het strafst [adverbial, predicative, superlative], het strafste [adverbial, predicative, superlative], straffe [feminine, indefinite, masculine, positive, singular], straffere [comparative, feminine, indefinite, masculine, singular], strafste [feminine, indefinite, masculine, singular, superlative], straf [indefinite, neuter, positive, singular], straffer [comparative, indefinite, neuter, singular], strafste [indefinite, neuter, singular, superlative], straffe [indefinite, plural, positive], straffere [comparative, indefinite, plural], strafste [indefinite, plural, superlative], straffe [definite, positive], straffere [comparative, definite], strafste [definite, superlative], strafs [partitive, positive], straffers [comparative, partitive], - [partitive, superlative]
  1. heavy, hefty Synonyms (heavy): fel, hevig
    Sense id: en-straf-nl-adj-hwV31~z5 Disambiguation of 'heavy': 100 0 0
  2. spicy Synonyms (spicy): pittig, gepeperd
    Sense id: en-straf-nl-adj-Lvpk-Rc2 Disambiguation of 'spicy': 0 99 1
  3. implausible, improbable
    Sense id: en-straf-nl-adj-2zZSbF3q Categories (other): Dutch entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 4 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Dutch entries with incorrect language header: 1 1 15 6 1 34 33 9 Disambiguation of Pages with 4 entries: 1 1 15 4 2 30 30 3 3 10 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 0 0 15 2 1 33 33 2 2 10
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Noun

IPA: /strɑf/ Audio: Nl-straf.ogg Forms: straffen [plural], strafje [diminutive, neuter]
Rhymes: -ɑf Etymology: Early modern Dutch straffe, derived from straffen. Compare German Strafe. Etymology templates: {{cog|de|Strafe}} German Strafe Head templates: {{nl-noun|f|-en|+}} straf f (plural straffen, diminutive strafje n)
  1. a punishment, penalty, sanction Tags: feminine
    Sense id: en-straf-nl-noun-rK3FwaPE
  2. a discomfort, misfortune Tags: feminine
    Sense id: en-straf-nl-noun-vOMh1IJu
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: straffen
Etymology number: 1 Derived forms: celstraf, doodstraf, geldstraf, gevangenisstraf, lijfstraf, ongestraft, strafbaar, strafbal, strafbepaling, strafblad, strafboek, strafcorner, strafexpeditie, straffeloos, strafinrichting, strafkamp, strafkolonie, strafmaat, strafmaatregel, strafpunt, strafrecht, strafrechtbank, strafrechter, strafregel, strafschop, strafschrijven, strafstudie, straftijd, strafuitvoering, strafvordering, strafwerk, strafwet, strafwetboek, strafworp, strafzaak, strafzitting, taakstraf, vrijheidsstraf

Verb

IPA: /strɑf/ Audio: Nl-straf.ogg
Rhymes: -ɑf Etymology: Early modern Dutch straffe, derived from straffen. Compare German Strafe. Etymology templates: {{cog|de|Strafe}} German Strafe Head templates: {{head|nl|verb form}} straf
  1. inflection of straffen:
    first-person singular present indicative
    Tags: first-person, form-of, indicative, present, singular Form of: straffen
    Sense id: en-straf-nl-verb-Ngv41~X1 Categories (other): Dutch entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 4 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Dutch entries with incorrect language header: 1 1 15 6 1 34 33 9 Disambiguation of Pages with 4 entries: 1 1 15 4 2 30 30 3 3 10 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 0 0 15 2 1 33 33 2 2 10
  2. inflection of straffen:
    (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
    Tags: form-of, indicative, present, second-person, singular Form of: straffen
    Sense id: en-straf-nl-verb-D71Jidm6 Categories (other): Dutch entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 4 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Dutch entries with incorrect language header: 1 1 15 6 1 34 33 9 Disambiguation of Pages with 4 entries: 1 1 15 4 2 30 30 3 3 10 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 0 0 15 2 1 33 33 2 2 10
  3. inflection of straffen:
    imperative
    Tags: form-of, imperative Form of: straffen
    Sense id: en-straf-nl-verb-D7DvrDmy
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Inflected forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "celstraf"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "doodstraf"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "geldstraf"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "gevangenisstraf"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "lijfstraf"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "ongestraft"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafbaar"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafbal"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafbepaling"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafblad"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafboek"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafcorner"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafexpeditie"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "straffeloos"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafinrichting"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafkamp"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafkolonie"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafmaat"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafmaatregel"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafpunt"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafrecht"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafrechtbank"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafrechter"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafregel"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafschop"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafschrijven"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafstudie"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "straftijd"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafuitvoering"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafvordering"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafwerk"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafwet"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafwetboek"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafworp"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafzaak"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafzitting"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "taakstraf"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "vrijheidsstraf"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "af",
            "2": "straf"
          },
          "expansion": "Afrikaans: straf",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Afrikaans: straf"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dcr",
            "2": "straaf"
          },
          "expansion": "Negerhollands: straaf",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Negerhollands: straaf"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "jvn",
            "2": "setrap",
            "3": "strap",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Caribbean Javanese: setrap, strap",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Caribbean Javanese: setrap, strap"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "id",
            "2": "setrap",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Indonesian: setrap",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Indonesian: setrap"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pap",
            "2": "straf",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Papiamentu: straf",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Papiamentu: straf"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "srm",
            "2": "sitaáfu",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Saramaccan: sitaáfu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Saramaccan: sitaáfu"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Strafe"
      },
      "expansion": "German Strafe",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Early modern Dutch straffe, derived from straffen. Compare German Strafe.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "straffen",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strafje",
      "tags": [
        "diminutive",
        "neuter"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "-en",
        "3": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "straf f (plural straffen, diminutive strafje n)",
      "name": "nl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "straf"
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "straffen"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "a punishment, penalty, sanction"
      ],
      "id": "en-straf-nl-noun-rK3FwaPE",
      "links": [
        [
          "punishment",
          "punishment"
        ],
        [
          "penalty",
          "penalty"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "a discomfort, misfortune"
      ],
      "id": "en-straf-nl-noun-vOMh1IJu",
      "links": [
        [
          "discomfort",
          "discomfort"
        ],
        [
          "misfortune",
          "misfortune"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/strɑf/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Nl-straf.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/Nl-straf.ogg/Nl-straf.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Nl-straf.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑf"
    }
  ],
  "word": "straf"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Strafe"
      },
      "expansion": "German Strafe",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Early modern Dutch straffe, derived from straffen. Compare German Strafe.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "straf",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "straf"
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "1 1 15 6 1 34 33 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 1 15 4 2 30 30 3 3 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 4 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 0 15 2 1 33 33 2 2 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "straffen"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of straffen:",
        "first-person singular present indicative"
      ],
      "id": "en-straf-nl-verb-Ngv41~X1",
      "links": [
        [
          "straffen",
          "straffen#Dutch"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "form-of",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "1 1 15 6 1 34 33 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 1 15 4 2 30 30 3 3 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 4 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 0 15 2 1 33 33 2 2 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "straffen"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of straffen:",
        "second-person singular present indicative"
      ],
      "id": "en-straf-nl-verb-D71Jidm6",
      "links": [
        [
          "straffen",
          "straffen#Dutch"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "inflection of straffen:",
        "(in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "in case of inversion"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "straffen"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of straffen:",
        "imperative"
      ],
      "id": "en-straf-nl-verb-D7DvrDmy",
      "links": [
        [
          "straffen",
          "straffen#Dutch"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "imperative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/strɑf/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Nl-straf.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/Nl-straf.ogg/Nl-straf.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Nl-straf.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑf"
    }
  ],
  "word": "straf"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "straf"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch straf",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From late Middle Dutch straf. Further etymology is not known.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "straffer",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strafst",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nl-decl-adj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straf",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "positive",
        "predicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straffer",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "comparative",
        "predicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "het strafst",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "predicative",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "het strafste",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "predicative",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straffe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "positive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straffere",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strafste",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straf",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "neuter",
        "positive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straffer",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "indefinite",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strafste",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straffe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "plural",
        "positive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straffere",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strafste",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "plural",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straffe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "positive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straffere",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "definite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strafste",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strafs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "positive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straffers",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "partitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "straffer"
      },
      "expansion": "straf (comparative straffer, superlative strafst)",
      "name": "nl-adj"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "straf"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "straffe"
      },
      "name": "nl-decl-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "heavy, hefty"
      ],
      "id": "en-straf-nl-adj-hwV31~z5",
      "links": [
        [
          "heavy",
          "heavy"
        ],
        [
          "hefty",
          "hefty"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0",
          "sense": "heavy",
          "word": "fel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0",
          "sense": "heavy",
          "word": "hevig"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "spicy"
      ],
      "id": "en-straf-nl-adj-Lvpk-Rc2",
      "links": [
        [
          "spicy",
          "spicy"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "0 99 1",
          "sense": "spicy",
          "word": "pittig"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 99 1",
          "sense": "spicy",
          "word": "gepeperd"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "1 1 15 6 1 34 33 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 1 15 4 2 30 30 3 3 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 4 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 0 15 2 1 33 33 2 2 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "implausible, improbable"
      ],
      "id": "en-straf-nl-adj-2zZSbF3q",
      "links": [
        [
          "implausible",
          "implausible"
        ],
        [
          "improbable",
          "improbable"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/strɑf/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Nl-straf.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/Nl-straf.ogg/Nl-straf.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Nl-straf.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑf"
    }
  ],
  "word": "straf"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Dutch adjectives",
    "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
    "Dutch feminine nouns",
    "Dutch lemmas",
    "Dutch non-lemma forms",
    "Dutch nouns",
    "Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
    "Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
    "Dutch verb forms",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:Dutch/ɑf",
    "Rhymes:Dutch/ɑf/1 syllable"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "celstraf"
    },
    {
      "word": "doodstraf"
    },
    {
      "word": "geldstraf"
    },
    {
      "word": "gevangenisstraf"
    },
    {
      "word": "lijfstraf"
    },
    {
      "word": "ongestraft"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafbaar"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafbal"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafbepaling"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafblad"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafboek"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafcorner"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafexpeditie"
    },
    {
      "word": "straffeloos"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafinrichting"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafkamp"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafkolonie"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafmaat"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafmaatregel"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafpunt"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafrecht"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafrechtbank"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafrechter"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafregel"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafschop"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafschrijven"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafstudie"
    },
    {
      "word": "straftijd"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafuitvoering"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafvordering"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafwerk"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafwet"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafwetboek"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafworp"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafzaak"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafzitting"
    },
    {
      "word": "taakstraf"
    },
    {
      "word": "vrijheidsstraf"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "af",
            "2": "straf"
          },
          "expansion": "Afrikaans: straf",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Afrikaans: straf"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dcr",
            "2": "straaf"
          },
          "expansion": "Negerhollands: straaf",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Negerhollands: straaf"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "jvn",
            "2": "setrap",
            "3": "strap",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Caribbean Javanese: setrap, strap",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Caribbean Javanese: setrap, strap"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "id",
            "2": "setrap",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Indonesian: setrap",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Indonesian: setrap"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pap",
            "2": "straf",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Papiamentu: straf",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Papiamentu: straf"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "srm",
            "2": "sitaáfu",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Saramaccan: sitaáfu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Saramaccan: sitaáfu"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Strafe"
      },
      "expansion": "German Strafe",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Early modern Dutch straffe, derived from straffen. Compare German Strafe.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "straffen",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strafje",
      "tags": [
        "diminutive",
        "neuter"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "-en",
        "3": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "straf f (plural straffen, diminutive strafje n)",
      "name": "nl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "straf"
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "straffen"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "a punishment, penalty, sanction"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "punishment",
          "punishment"
        ],
        [
          "penalty",
          "penalty"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "a discomfort, misfortune"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "discomfort",
          "discomfort"
        ],
        [
          "misfortune",
          "misfortune"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/strɑf/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Nl-straf.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/Nl-straf.ogg/Nl-straf.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Nl-straf.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑf"
    }
  ],
  "word": "straf"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Dutch adjectives",
    "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
    "Dutch feminine nouns",
    "Dutch lemmas",
    "Dutch non-lemma forms",
    "Dutch nouns",
    "Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
    "Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
    "Dutch verb forms",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:Dutch/ɑf",
    "Rhymes:Dutch/ɑf/1 syllable"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Strafe"
      },
      "expansion": "German Strafe",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Early modern Dutch straffe, derived from straffen. Compare German Strafe.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "straf",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "straf"
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "straffen"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of straffen:",
        "first-person singular present indicative"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "straffen",
          "straffen#Dutch"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "form-of",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "straffen"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of straffen:",
        "second-person singular present indicative"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "straffen",
          "straffen#Dutch"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "inflection of straffen:",
        "(in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "in case of inversion"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "straffen"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of straffen:",
        "imperative"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "straffen",
          "straffen#Dutch"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "imperative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/strɑf/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Nl-straf.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/Nl-straf.ogg/Nl-straf.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Nl-straf.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑf"
    }
  ],
  "word": "straf"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Dutch adjectives",
    "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
    "Dutch lemmas",
    "Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:Dutch/ɑf",
    "Rhymes:Dutch/ɑf/1 syllable"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "straf"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch straf",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From late Middle Dutch straf. Further etymology is not known.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "straffer",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strafst",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nl-decl-adj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straf",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "positive",
        "predicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straffer",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "comparative",
        "predicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "het strafst",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "predicative",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "het strafste",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "predicative",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straffe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "positive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straffere",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strafste",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straf",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "neuter",
        "positive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straffer",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "indefinite",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strafste",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straffe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "plural",
        "positive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straffere",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strafste",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "plural",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straffe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "positive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straffere",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "definite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strafste",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strafs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "positive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straffers",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "partitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "straffer"
      },
      "expansion": "straf (comparative straffer, superlative strafst)",
      "name": "nl-adj"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "straf"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "straffe"
      },
      "name": "nl-decl-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "heavy, hefty"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "heavy",
          "heavy"
        ],
        [
          "hefty",
          "hefty"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "spicy"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "spicy",
          "spicy"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "implausible, improbable"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "implausible",
          "implausible"
        ],
        [
          "improbable",
          "improbable"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/strɑf/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Nl-straf.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/Nl-straf.ogg/Nl-straf.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Nl-straf.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑf"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "heavy",
      "word": "fel"
    },
    {
      "sense": "heavy",
      "word": "hevig"
    },
    {
      "sense": "spicy",
      "word": "pittig"
    },
    {
      "sense": "spicy",
      "word": "gepeperd"
    }
  ],
  "word": "straf"
}

Download raw JSONL data for straf meaning in Dutch (8.9kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Dutch dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.