"straf" meaning in Dutch

See straf in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /strɑf/ Audio: Nl-straf.ogg
Rhymes: -ɑf Etymology: From late Middle Dutch straf. Further etymology is not known. Etymology templates: {{inh|nl|dum|straf}} Middle Dutch straf Head templates: {{nl-adj|straffer}} straf (comparative straffer, superlative strafst) Inflection templates: {{nl-decl-adj|straffe}} Forms: straffer [comparative], strafst [superlative], no-table-tags [table-tags], straf [adverbial, positive, predicative], straffer [adverbial, comparative, predicative], het strafst [adverbial, predicative, superlative], het strafste [adverbial, predicative, superlative], straffe [feminine, indefinite, masculine, positive, singular], straffere [comparative, feminine, indefinite, masculine, singular], strafste [feminine, indefinite, masculine, singular, superlative], straf [indefinite, neuter, positive, singular], straffer [comparative, indefinite, neuter, singular], strafste [indefinite, neuter, singular, superlative], straffe [indefinite, plural, positive], straffere [comparative, indefinite, plural], strafste [indefinite, plural, superlative], straffe [definite, positive], straffere [comparative, definite], strafste [definite, superlative], strafs [partitive, positive], straffers [comparative, partitive], - [partitive, superlative]
  1. heavy, hefty Synonyms (heavy): fel, hevig
    Sense id: en-straf-nl-adj-hwV31~z5 Disambiguation of 'heavy': 100 0 0
  2. spicy Synonyms (spicy): pittig, gepeperd
    Sense id: en-straf-nl-adj-Lvpk-Rc2 Disambiguation of 'spicy': 0 99 1
  3. implausible, improbable
    Sense id: en-straf-nl-adj-2zZSbF3q
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Noun

IPA: /strɑf/ Audio: Nl-straf.ogg Forms: straffen [plural], strafje [diminutive, neuter]
Rhymes: -ɑf Etymology: Early modern Dutch straffe, derived from straffen. Compare German Strafe. Etymology templates: {{m|nl|straffe}} straffe, {{m|nl|straffen}} straffen, {{cog|de|Strafe}} German Strafe Head templates: {{nl-noun|f|-en|strafje}} straf f (plural straffen, diminutive strafje n)
  1. A punishment, penalty, sanction. Tags: feminine
    Sense id: en-straf-nl-noun-eRlg8qYL
  2. A discomfort, misfortune. Tags: feminine
    Sense id: en-straf-nl-noun-jodDz9gl
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: straffen
Etymology number: 1 Derived forms: celstraf, doodstraf, geldstraf, gevangenisstraf, lijfstraf, ongestraft, strafbaar, strafbal, strafbepaling, strafblad, strafboek, strafcorner, strafexpeditie, straffeloos, strafinrichting, strafkamp, strafkolonie, strafmaat, strafmaatregel, strafpunt, strafrecht, strafrechtbank, strafrechter, strafregel, strafschop, strafschrijven, strafstudie, straftijd, strafuitvoering, strafvordering, strafwerk, strafwet, strafwetboek, strafworp, strafzaak, strafzitting, taakstraf, vrijheidsstraf

Verb

IPA: /strɑf/ Audio: Nl-straf.ogg
Rhymes: -ɑf Etymology: Early modern Dutch straffe, derived from straffen. Compare German Strafe. Etymology templates: {{m|nl|straffe}} straffe, {{m|nl|straffen}} straffen, {{cog|de|Strafe}} German Strafe Head templates: {{head|nl|verb form}} straf
  1. inflection of straffen: Tags: first-person, form-of, indicative, present, singular Form of: straffen
    Sense id: en-straf-nl-verb-GrIUafzL Categories (other): Dutch entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Dutch entries with incorrect language header: 1 1 22 5 2 48 22
  2. inflection of straffen: Tags: form-of, imperative Form of: straffen
    Sense id: en-straf-nl-verb-vPCbl6eg
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for straf meaning in Dutch (9.1kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "celstraf"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "doodstraf"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "geldstraf"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "gevangenisstraf"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "lijfstraf"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "ongestraft"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafbaar"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafbal"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafbepaling"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafblad"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafboek"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafcorner"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafexpeditie"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "straffeloos"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafinrichting"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafkamp"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafkolonie"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafmaat"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafmaatregel"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafpunt"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafrecht"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafrechtbank"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafrechter"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafregel"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafschop"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafschrijven"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafstudie"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "straftijd"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafuitvoering"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafvordering"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafwerk"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafwet"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafwetboek"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafworp"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafzaak"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "strafzitting"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "taakstraf"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "vrijheidsstraf"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "af",
            "2": "straf"
          },
          "expansion": "Afrikaans: straf",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Afrikaans: straf"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dcr",
            "2": "straaf"
          },
          "expansion": "Negerhollands: straaf",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Negerhollands: straaf"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "jvn",
            "2": "setrap",
            "3": "strap",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Caribbean Javanese: setrap, strap",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Caribbean Javanese: setrap, strap"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "id",
            "2": "setrap",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Indonesian: setrap",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Indonesian: setrap"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pap",
            "2": "straf",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Papiamentu: straf",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Papiamentu: straf"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "srm",
            "2": "sitaáfu",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Saramaccan: sitaáfu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Saramaccan: sitaáfu"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "straffe"
      },
      "expansion": "straffe",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "straffen"
      },
      "expansion": "straffen",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Strafe"
      },
      "expansion": "German Strafe",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Early modern Dutch straffe, derived from straffen. Compare German Strafe.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "straffen",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strafje",
      "tags": [
        "diminutive",
        "neuter"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "-en",
        "3": "strafje"
      },
      "expansion": "straf f (plural straffen, diminutive strafje n)",
      "name": "nl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "straf"
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "straffen"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A punishment, penalty, sanction."
      ],
      "id": "en-straf-nl-noun-eRlg8qYL",
      "links": [
        [
          "punishment",
          "punishment"
        ],
        [
          "penalty",
          "penalty"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A discomfort, misfortune."
      ],
      "id": "en-straf-nl-noun-jodDz9gl",
      "links": [
        [
          "discomfort",
          "discomfort"
        ],
        [
          "misfortune",
          "misfortune"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/strɑf/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑf"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Nl-straf.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/Nl-straf.ogg/Nl-straf.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Nl-straf.ogg",
      "text": "audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "straf"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "straffe"
      },
      "expansion": "straffe",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "straffen"
      },
      "expansion": "straffen",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Strafe"
      },
      "expansion": "German Strafe",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Early modern Dutch straffe, derived from straffen. Compare German Strafe.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "straf",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "straf"
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "1 1 22 5 2 48 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "straffen"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of straffen:\n## first-person singular present indicative\n## imperative",
        "first-person singular present indicative"
      ],
      "id": "en-straf-nl-verb-GrIUafzL",
      "links": [
        [
          "straffen",
          "straffen#Dutch"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "inflection of straffen:\n"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "form-of",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "straffen"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of straffen:\n## first-person singular present indicative\n## imperative",
        "imperative"
      ],
      "id": "en-straf-nl-verb-vPCbl6eg",
      "links": [
        [
          "straffen",
          "straffen#Dutch"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "inflection of straffen:\n"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "imperative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/strɑf/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑf"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Nl-straf.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/Nl-straf.ogg/Nl-straf.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Nl-straf.ogg",
      "text": "audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "straf"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "straf"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch straf",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From late Middle Dutch straf. Further etymology is not known.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "straffer",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strafst",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nl-decl-adj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straf",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "positive",
        "predicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straffer",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "comparative",
        "predicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "het strafst",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "predicative",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "het strafste",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "predicative",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straffe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "positive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straffere",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strafste",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straf",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "neuter",
        "positive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straffer",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "indefinite",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strafste",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straffe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "plural",
        "positive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straffere",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strafste",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "plural",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straffe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "positive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straffere",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "definite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strafste",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strafs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "positive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straffers",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "partitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "straffer"
      },
      "expansion": "straf (comparative straffer, superlative strafst)",
      "name": "nl-adj"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "straf"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "straffe"
      },
      "name": "nl-decl-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "heavy, hefty"
      ],
      "id": "en-straf-nl-adj-hwV31~z5",
      "links": [
        [
          "heavy",
          "heavy"
        ],
        [
          "hefty",
          "hefty"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0",
          "sense": "heavy",
          "word": "fel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0",
          "sense": "heavy",
          "word": "hevig"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "spicy"
      ],
      "id": "en-straf-nl-adj-Lvpk-Rc2",
      "links": [
        [
          "spicy",
          "spicy"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "0 99 1",
          "sense": "spicy",
          "word": "pittig"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 99 1",
          "sense": "spicy",
          "word": "gepeperd"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "implausible, improbable"
      ],
      "id": "en-straf-nl-adj-2zZSbF3q",
      "links": [
        [
          "implausible",
          "implausible"
        ],
        [
          "improbable",
          "improbable"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/strɑf/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑf"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Nl-straf.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/Nl-straf.ogg/Nl-straf.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Nl-straf.ogg",
      "text": "audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "straf"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Dutch adjectives",
    "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
    "Dutch feminine nouns",
    "Dutch lemmas",
    "Dutch non-lemma forms",
    "Dutch nouns",
    "Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
    "Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
    "Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Dutch terms with audio links",
    "Dutch verb forms",
    "Rhymes:Dutch/ɑf",
    "Rhymes:Dutch/ɑf/1 syllable"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "celstraf"
    },
    {
      "word": "doodstraf"
    },
    {
      "word": "geldstraf"
    },
    {
      "word": "gevangenisstraf"
    },
    {
      "word": "lijfstraf"
    },
    {
      "word": "ongestraft"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafbaar"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafbal"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafbepaling"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafblad"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafboek"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafcorner"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafexpeditie"
    },
    {
      "word": "straffeloos"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafinrichting"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafkamp"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafkolonie"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafmaat"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafmaatregel"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafpunt"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafrecht"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafrechtbank"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafrechter"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafregel"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafschop"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafschrijven"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafstudie"
    },
    {
      "word": "straftijd"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafuitvoering"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafvordering"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafwerk"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafwet"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafwetboek"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafworp"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafzaak"
    },
    {
      "word": "strafzitting"
    },
    {
      "word": "taakstraf"
    },
    {
      "word": "vrijheidsstraf"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "af",
            "2": "straf"
          },
          "expansion": "Afrikaans: straf",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Afrikaans: straf"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dcr",
            "2": "straaf"
          },
          "expansion": "Negerhollands: straaf",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Negerhollands: straaf"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "jvn",
            "2": "setrap",
            "3": "strap",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Caribbean Javanese: setrap, strap",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Caribbean Javanese: setrap, strap"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "id",
            "2": "setrap",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Indonesian: setrap",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Indonesian: setrap"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pap",
            "2": "straf",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Papiamentu: straf",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Papiamentu: straf"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "srm",
            "2": "sitaáfu",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Saramaccan: sitaáfu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Saramaccan: sitaáfu"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "straffe"
      },
      "expansion": "straffe",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "straffen"
      },
      "expansion": "straffen",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Strafe"
      },
      "expansion": "German Strafe",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Early modern Dutch straffe, derived from straffen. Compare German Strafe.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "straffen",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strafje",
      "tags": [
        "diminutive",
        "neuter"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "-en",
        "3": "strafje"
      },
      "expansion": "straf f (plural straffen, diminutive strafje n)",
      "name": "nl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "straf"
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "straffen"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A punishment, penalty, sanction."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "punishment",
          "punishment"
        ],
        [
          "penalty",
          "penalty"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A discomfort, misfortune."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "discomfort",
          "discomfort"
        ],
        [
          "misfortune",
          "misfortune"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/strɑf/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑf"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Nl-straf.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/Nl-straf.ogg/Nl-straf.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Nl-straf.ogg",
      "text": "audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "straf"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Dutch adjectives",
    "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
    "Dutch feminine nouns",
    "Dutch lemmas",
    "Dutch non-lemma forms",
    "Dutch nouns",
    "Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
    "Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
    "Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Dutch terms with audio links",
    "Dutch verb forms",
    "Rhymes:Dutch/ɑf",
    "Rhymes:Dutch/ɑf/1 syllable"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "straffe"
      },
      "expansion": "straffe",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "straffen"
      },
      "expansion": "straffen",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Strafe"
      },
      "expansion": "German Strafe",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Early modern Dutch straffe, derived from straffen. Compare German Strafe.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "straf",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "straf"
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "straffen"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of straffen:\n## first-person singular present indicative\n## imperative",
        "first-person singular present indicative"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "straffen",
          "straffen#Dutch"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "inflection of straffen:\n"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "form-of",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "straffen"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of straffen:\n## first-person singular present indicative\n## imperative",
        "imperative"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "straffen",
          "straffen#Dutch"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "inflection of straffen:\n"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "imperative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/strɑf/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑf"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Nl-straf.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/Nl-straf.ogg/Nl-straf.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Nl-straf.ogg",
      "text": "audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "straf"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Dutch adjectives",
    "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
    "Dutch lemmas",
    "Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
    "Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Dutch terms with audio links",
    "Rhymes:Dutch/ɑf",
    "Rhymes:Dutch/ɑf/1 syllable"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "straf"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch straf",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From late Middle Dutch straf. Further etymology is not known.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "straffer",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strafst",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nl-decl-adj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straf",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "positive",
        "predicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straffer",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "comparative",
        "predicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "het strafst",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "predicative",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "het strafste",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "predicative",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straffe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "positive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straffere",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strafste",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straf",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "neuter",
        "positive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straffer",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "indefinite",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strafste",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straffe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "plural",
        "positive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straffere",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strafste",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "plural",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straffe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "positive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straffere",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "definite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strafste",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strafs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "positive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "straffers",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "partitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "straffer"
      },
      "expansion": "straf (comparative straffer, superlative strafst)",
      "name": "nl-adj"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "straf"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "straffe"
      },
      "name": "nl-decl-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "heavy, hefty"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "heavy",
          "heavy"
        ],
        [
          "hefty",
          "hefty"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "spicy"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "spicy",
          "spicy"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "implausible, improbable"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "implausible",
          "implausible"
        ],
        [
          "improbable",
          "improbable"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/strɑf/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑf"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Nl-straf.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/Nl-straf.ogg/Nl-straf.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Nl-straf.ogg",
      "text": "audio"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "heavy",
      "word": "fel"
    },
    {
      "sense": "heavy",
      "word": "hevig"
    },
    {
      "sense": "spicy",
      "word": "pittig"
    },
    {
      "sense": "spicy",
      "word": "gepeperd"
    }
  ],
  "word": "straf"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Dutch dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.