See straf on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gml",
"3": "straffen",
"t": "to punish, blame"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German straffen (“to punish, blame”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*strēpōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *strēpōn",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Formed from the verb straffe (“to penalize”), from Middle Low German straffen (“to punish, blame”), from Proto-West Germanic *strēpōn, of uncertain ultimate origin, but possibly related to *streupan (“to squeeze, press, graze”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "straffen",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "straffe",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "da-noun-infl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "straf",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "straffen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "straffe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "straffene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strafs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "straffens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "straffes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "straffenes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"10": "straffe",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{pl-indef-2}}}",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{pl-indef-3}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{com}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "singular definite",
"4": "straffen",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{sg-def-2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "plural indefinite",
"f1accel-form": "def|s",
"f4accel-form": "indef|p",
"g": "c",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "straf c (singular definite straffen, plural indefinite straffe)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "e",
"dc": "1"
},
"expansion": "straf c (singular definite straffen, plural indefinite straffe)",
"name": "da-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "e",
"dc": "1"
},
"name": "da-noun-infl"
},
{
"args": {
"g": "c",
"gen-pl-def": "straffenes",
"gen-pl-def-2": "",
"gen-pl-def-3": "",
"gen-pl-indef": "straffes",
"gen-pl-indef-2": "",
"gen-sg-def": "straffens",
"gen-sg-def-2": "",
"gen-sg-indef": "strafs",
"gen-sg-indef-2": "",
"gen-sg-indef-3": "",
"pl-def": "straffene",
"pl-def-2": "",
"pl-def-3": "",
"pl-indef": "straffe",
"pl-indef-2": "",
"pl-indef-3": "",
"sg-def": "straffen",
"sg-def-2": "",
"sg-indef": "straf"
},
"name": "da-noun-infl-base"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"punishment, penalty"
],
"id": "en-straf-da-noun-fWoxudRb",
"links": [
[
"punishment",
"punishment"
],
[
"penalty",
"penalty"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Nicoline van der Sijs"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈsd̥ʁɑf]"
}
],
"word": "straf"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "celstraf"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "doodstraf"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "geldstraf"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gevangenisstraf"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lijfstraf"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ongestraft"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "strafbaar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "strafbal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "strafbepaling"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "strafblad"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "strafboek"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "strafcorner"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "strafexpeditie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "straffeloos"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "strafinrichting"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "strafkamp"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "strafkolonie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "strafmaat"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "strafmaatregel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "strafpunt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "strafrecht"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "strafrechtbank"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "strafrechter"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "strafregel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "strafschop"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "strafschrijven"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "strafstudie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "straftijd"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "strafuitvoering"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "strafvordering"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "strafwerk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "strafwet"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "strafwetboek"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "strafworp"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "strafzaak"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "strafzitting"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "taakstraf"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "vrijheidsstraf"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "straf"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: straf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: straf"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dcr",
"2": "straaf"
},
"expansion": "Negerhollands: straaf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Negerhollands: straaf"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jvn",
"2": "setrap",
"3": "strap",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Caribbean Javanese: setrap, strap",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Caribbean Javanese: setrap, strap"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "setrap",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Indonesian: setrap",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Indonesian: setrap"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pap",
"2": "straf",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Papiamentu: straf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Papiamentu: straf"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "srm",
"2": "sitaáfu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Saramaccan: sitaáfu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Saramaccan: sitaáfu"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Strafe"
},
"expansion": "German Strafe",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Early modern Dutch straffe, derived from straffen. Compare German Strafe.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "straffen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strafje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-en",
"3": "+"
},
"expansion": "straf f (plural straffen, diminutive strafje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"straf"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "straffen"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a punishment, penalty, sanction"
],
"id": "en-straf-nl-noun-rK3FwaPE",
"links": [
[
"punishment",
"punishment"
],
[
"penalty",
"penalty"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a discomfort, misfortune"
],
"id": "en-straf-nl-noun-vOMh1IJu",
"links": [
[
"discomfort",
"discomfort"
],
[
"misfortune",
"misfortune"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/strɑf/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-straf.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/Nl-straf.ogg/Nl-straf.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Nl-straf.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑf"
}
],
"word": "straf"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Strafe"
},
"expansion": "German Strafe",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Early modern Dutch straffe, derived from straffen. Compare German Strafe.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "straf",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"straf"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 1 16 7 1 35 35 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 15 4 3 31 31 1 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 15 2 1 34 34 1 1 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "straffen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of straffen:",
"first-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-straf-nl-verb-Ngv41~X1",
"links": [
[
"straffen",
"straffen#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 1 16 7 1 35 35 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 15 4 3 31 31 1 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 15 2 1 34 34 1 1 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "straffen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of straffen:",
"second-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-straf-nl-verb-D71Jidm6",
"links": [
[
"straffen",
"straffen#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of straffen:",
"(in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in case of inversion"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "straffen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of straffen:",
"imperative"
],
"id": "en-straf-nl-verb-D7DvrDmy",
"links": [
[
"straffen",
"straffen#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/strɑf/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-straf.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/Nl-straf.ogg/Nl-straf.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Nl-straf.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑf"
}
],
"word": "straf"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "straf"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch straf",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From late Middle Dutch straf. Further etymology is not known.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "straffer",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "strafst",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "straf",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"positive",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "straffer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"comparative",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "het strafst",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "het strafste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "straffe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "straffere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "strafste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "straf",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "straffer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "strafste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "straffe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "straffere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strafste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "straffe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "straffere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "strafste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "strafs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "straffers",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"partitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "straffer"
},
"expansion": "straf (comparative straffer, superlative strafst)",
"name": "nl-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"straf"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "straffe"
},
"name": "nl-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"heavy, hefty"
],
"id": "en-straf-nl-adj-hwV31~z5",
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
],
[
"hefty",
"hefty"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"sense": "heavy",
"word": "fel"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"sense": "heavy",
"word": "hevig"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"spicy"
],
"id": "en-straf-nl-adj-Lvpk-Rc2",
"links": [
[
"spicy",
"spicy"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 99 1",
"sense": "spicy",
"word": "pittig"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 99 1",
"sense": "spicy",
"word": "gepeperd"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 1 16 7 1 35 35 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 15 4 3 31 31 1 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 15 2 1 34 34 1 1 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"implausible, improbable"
],
"id": "en-straf-nl-adj-2zZSbF3q",
"links": [
[
"implausible",
"implausible"
],
[
"improbable",
"improbable"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/strɑf/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-straf.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/Nl-straf.ogg/Nl-straf.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Nl-straf.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑf"
}
],
"word": "straf"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "straf",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "strafen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"singular imperative of strafen"
],
"id": "en-straf-de-verb-SmxKJRT1",
"links": [
[
"strafen",
"strafen#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 1 15 4 3 31 31 1 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 15 2 1 34 34 1 1 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 79",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "strafen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular present of strafen"
],
"id": "en-straf-de-verb-pEy4AATu",
"links": [
[
"strafen",
"strafen#German"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) first-person singular present of strafen"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ʃtʁaːf]"
},
{
"audio": "De-straf.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/68/De-straf.ogg/De-straf.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/De-straf.ogg"
}
],
"word": "straf"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tpi",
"2": "de",
"3": "Strafe",
"4": "",
"5": "punishment"
},
"expansion": "German Strafe (“punishment”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From German Strafe (“punishment”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tpi",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "straf",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"lang_code": "tpi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tok Pisin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"punishment"
],
"id": "en-straf-tpi-noun-b7d48KWB",
"links": [
[
"punishment",
"punishment"
]
]
}
],
"word": "straf"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gml",
"3": "straffen",
"t": "to punish, blame"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German straffen (“to punish, blame”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*strēpōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *strēpōn",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Formed from the verb straffe (“to penalize”), from Middle Low German straffen (“to punish, blame”), from Proto-West Germanic *strēpōn, of uncertain ultimate origin, but possibly related to *streupan (“to squeeze, press, graze”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "straffen",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "straffe",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "da-noun-infl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "straf",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "straffen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "straffe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "straffene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strafs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "straffens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "straffes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "straffenes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"10": "straffe",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{pl-indef-2}}}",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{pl-indef-3}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{com}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "singular definite",
"4": "straffen",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{sg-def-2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "plural indefinite",
"f1accel-form": "def|s",
"f4accel-form": "indef|p",
"g": "c",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "straf c (singular definite straffen, plural indefinite straffe)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "e",
"dc": "1"
},
"expansion": "straf c (singular definite straffen, plural indefinite straffe)",
"name": "da-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "e",
"dc": "1"
},
"name": "da-noun-infl"
},
{
"args": {
"g": "c",
"gen-pl-def": "straffenes",
"gen-pl-def-2": "",
"gen-pl-def-3": "",
"gen-pl-indef": "straffes",
"gen-pl-indef-2": "",
"gen-sg-def": "straffens",
"gen-sg-def-2": "",
"gen-sg-indef": "strafs",
"gen-sg-indef-2": "",
"gen-sg-indef-3": "",
"pl-def": "straffene",
"pl-def-2": "",
"pl-def-3": "",
"pl-indef": "straffe",
"pl-indef-2": "",
"pl-indef-3": "",
"sg-def": "straffen",
"sg-def-2": "",
"sg-indef": "straf"
},
"name": "da-noun-infl-base"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Danish common-gender nouns",
"Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"Danish lemmas",
"Danish nouns",
"Danish terms borrowed from Middle Low German",
"Danish terms derived from Middle Low German",
"Danish terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"punishment, penalty"
],
"links": [
[
"punishment",
"punishment"
],
[
"penalty",
"penalty"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Nicoline van der Sijs"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈsd̥ʁɑf]"
}
],
"word": "straf"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch adjectives",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch feminine nouns",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch verb forms",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɑf",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɑf/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "celstraf"
},
{
"word": "doodstraf"
},
{
"word": "geldstraf"
},
{
"word": "gevangenisstraf"
},
{
"word": "lijfstraf"
},
{
"word": "ongestraft"
},
{
"word": "strafbaar"
},
{
"word": "strafbal"
},
{
"word": "strafbepaling"
},
{
"word": "strafblad"
},
{
"word": "strafboek"
},
{
"word": "strafcorner"
},
{
"word": "strafexpeditie"
},
{
"word": "straffeloos"
},
{
"word": "strafinrichting"
},
{
"word": "strafkamp"
},
{
"word": "strafkolonie"
},
{
"word": "strafmaat"
},
{
"word": "strafmaatregel"
},
{
"word": "strafpunt"
},
{
"word": "strafrecht"
},
{
"word": "strafrechtbank"
},
{
"word": "strafrechter"
},
{
"word": "strafregel"
},
{
"word": "strafschop"
},
{
"word": "strafschrijven"
},
{
"word": "strafstudie"
},
{
"word": "straftijd"
},
{
"word": "strafuitvoering"
},
{
"word": "strafvordering"
},
{
"word": "strafwerk"
},
{
"word": "strafwet"
},
{
"word": "strafwetboek"
},
{
"word": "strafworp"
},
{
"word": "strafzaak"
},
{
"word": "strafzitting"
},
{
"word": "taakstraf"
},
{
"word": "vrijheidsstraf"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "straf"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: straf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: straf"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dcr",
"2": "straaf"
},
"expansion": "Negerhollands: straaf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Negerhollands: straaf"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jvn",
"2": "setrap",
"3": "strap",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Caribbean Javanese: setrap, strap",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Caribbean Javanese: setrap, strap"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "setrap",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Indonesian: setrap",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Indonesian: setrap"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pap",
"2": "straf",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Papiamentu: straf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Papiamentu: straf"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "srm",
"2": "sitaáfu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Saramaccan: sitaáfu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Saramaccan: sitaáfu"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Strafe"
},
"expansion": "German Strafe",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Early modern Dutch straffe, derived from straffen. Compare German Strafe.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "straffen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strafje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-en",
"3": "+"
},
"expansion": "straf f (plural straffen, diminutive strafje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"straf"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "straffen"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a punishment, penalty, sanction"
],
"links": [
[
"punishment",
"punishment"
],
[
"penalty",
"penalty"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a discomfort, misfortune"
],
"links": [
[
"discomfort",
"discomfort"
],
[
"misfortune",
"misfortune"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/strɑf/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-straf.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/Nl-straf.ogg/Nl-straf.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Nl-straf.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑf"
}
],
"word": "straf"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch adjectives",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch feminine nouns",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch verb forms",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɑf",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɑf/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Strafe"
},
"expansion": "German Strafe",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Early modern Dutch straffe, derived from straffen. Compare German Strafe.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "straf",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"straf"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "straffen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of straffen:",
"first-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"straffen",
"straffen#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "straffen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of straffen:",
"second-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"straffen",
"straffen#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of straffen:",
"(in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in case of inversion"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "straffen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of straffen:",
"imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"straffen",
"straffen#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/strɑf/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-straf.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/Nl-straf.ogg/Nl-straf.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Nl-straf.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑf"
}
],
"word": "straf"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch adjectives",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɑf",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɑf/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "straf"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch straf",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From late Middle Dutch straf. Further etymology is not known.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "straffer",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "strafst",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "straf",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"positive",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "straffer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"comparative",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "het strafst",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "het strafste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "straffe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "straffere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "strafste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "straf",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "straffer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "strafste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "straffe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "straffere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strafste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "straffe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "straffere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "strafste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "strafs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "straffers",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"partitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "straffer"
},
"expansion": "straf (comparative straffer, superlative strafst)",
"name": "nl-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"straf"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "straffe"
},
"name": "nl-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"heavy, hefty"
],
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
],
[
"hefty",
"hefty"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"spicy"
],
"links": [
[
"spicy",
"spicy"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"implausible, improbable"
],
"links": [
[
"implausible",
"implausible"
],
[
"improbable",
"improbable"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/strɑf/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-straf.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/Nl-straf.ogg/Nl-straf.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Nl-straf.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑf"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "heavy",
"word": "fel"
},
{
"sense": "heavy",
"word": "hevig"
},
{
"sense": "spicy",
"word": "pittig"
},
{
"sense": "spicy",
"word": "gepeperd"
}
],
"word": "straf"
}
{
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German non-lemma forms",
"German verb forms",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "straf",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "strafen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"singular imperative of strafen"
],
"links": [
[
"strafen",
"strafen#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"German colloquialisms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "strafen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular present of strafen"
],
"links": [
[
"strafen",
"strafen#German"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) first-person singular present of strafen"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ʃtʁaːf]"
},
{
"audio": "De-straf.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/68/De-straf.ogg/De-straf.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/De-straf.ogg"
}
],
"word": "straf"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tpi",
"2": "de",
"3": "Strafe",
"4": "",
"5": "punishment"
},
"expansion": "German Strafe (“punishment”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From German Strafe (“punishment”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tpi",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "straf",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"lang_code": "tpi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Tok Pisin entries with incorrect language header",
"Tok Pisin lemmas",
"Tok Pisin nouns",
"Tok Pisin terms derived from German"
],
"glosses": [
"punishment"
],
"links": [
[
"punishment",
"punishment"
]
]
}
],
"word": "straf"
}
Download raw JSONL data for straf meaning in All languages combined (13.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.