See straffen on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for straffen meaning in All languages combined (29.5kB)
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "straffen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "straf"
}
],
"glosses": [
"definite singular of straf"
],
"id": "en-straffen-da-noun-sd96oxRs",
"links": [
[
"straf",
"straf#Danish"
]
],
"tags": [
"definite",
"form-of",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "straffen"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "afstraffen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bestraffen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "straf"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "straf"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: straf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: straf"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "brc",
"2": "strafu"
},
"expansion": "Berbice Creole Dutch: strafu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Berbice Creole Dutch: strafu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dcr",
"2": "straaf"
},
"expansion": "Negerhollands: straaf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Negerhollands: straaf"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "djk",
"2": "sitaafu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Aukan: sitaafu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Aukan: sitaafu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pap",
"2": "straf",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Papiamentu: straf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Papiamentu: straf"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "straffen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch straffen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "strāfen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German strāfen",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*strēpōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *strēpōn",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*streupan",
"t": "to squeeze, press, graze"
},
"expansion": "*streupan (“to squeeze, press, graze”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch straffen, probably from Middle High German strāfen, which may go back to Proto-West Germanic *strēpōn, of uncertain ultimate origin, but possibly related to *streupan (“to squeeze, press, graze”). The short vowel and geminate in Dutch in contrast to the Middle High German long vowel is peculiar. Note however that forms with a long vowel do occur in dialectal Dutch.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-wk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "straffen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "straffen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "straf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "strafte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "straft",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "strafte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "straft",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "strafte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "straft",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "straft",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "strafte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "strafte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "straft",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "strafte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "straffen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "straften",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "straffe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "strafte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "straffen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "straften",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "straf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "straft",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "straffend",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gestraft",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "straffen",
"name": "nl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"straf‧fen"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "straf",
"2": "straffe"
},
"name": "nl-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to punish"
],
"id": "en-straffen-nl-verb-G3PyFaL2",
"links": [
[
"punish",
"punish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to punish"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 16 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to sentence"
],
"id": "en-straffen-nl-verb-GcAw4fZT",
"links": [
[
"sentence",
"sentence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to sentence"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈstrɑfə(n)/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑfən"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-straffen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4e/Nl-straffen.ogg/Nl-straffen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Nl-straffen.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Nicoline van der Sijs"
],
"word": "straffen"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "straffen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"straf‧fen"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "straf"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of straf"
],
"id": "en-straffen-nl-noun-uuCAojUc",
"links": [
[
"straf",
"straf#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈstrɑfə(n)/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑfən"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-straffen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4e/Nl-straffen.ogg/Nl-straffen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Nl-straffen.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "straffen"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "straff",
"t": "tight, taut"
},
"expansion": "straff (“tight, taut”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From straff (“tight, taut”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strafft",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "straffte",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gestrafft",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "haben",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "straffen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "straffend",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gestrafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "straffe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "straffen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "straffe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "straffen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "straffst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "strafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "straffest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "straffet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "strafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "straffen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "straffe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "straffen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "straffte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "strafften",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "straffte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "strafften",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "strafftest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "strafftet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "strafftest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "strafftet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "straffte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "strafften",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "straffte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "strafften",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "straff",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "straffe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "strafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "habe gestrafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haben gestrafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "habe gestrafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "haben gestrafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hast gestrafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "habt gestrafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habest gestrafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "habet gestrafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hat gestrafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "haben gestrafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habe gestrafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "haben gestrafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hatte gestrafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hatten gestrafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hätte gestrafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hätten gestrafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hattest gestrafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hattet gestrafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hättest gestrafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hättet gestrafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hatte gestrafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hatten gestrafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hätte gestrafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hätten gestrafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "straffen werden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "werde straffen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werden straffen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werdest straffen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werdet straffen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werde straffen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werden straffen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werde straffen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werden straffen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "würde straffen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "würden straffen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wirst straffen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werdet straffen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würdest straffen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "würdet straffen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wird straffen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werden straffen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würde straffen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würden straffen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gestrafft haben werden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "werde gestrafft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werden gestrafft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werdest gestrafft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werdet gestrafft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werde gestrafft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werden gestrafft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werde gestrafft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werden gestrafft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "würde gestrafft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "würden gestrafft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wirst gestrafft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werdet gestrafft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würdest gestrafft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "würdet gestrafft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wird gestrafft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werden gestrafft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würde gestrafft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würden gestrafft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "straffen (weak, third-person singular present strafft, past tense straffte, past participle gestrafft, auxiliary haben)",
"name": "de-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"straf‧fen"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "de-conj"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "German verbs using haben as auxiliary",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Straffen"
},
{
"word": "Straffung"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to tighten, tauten"
],
"id": "en-straffen-de-verb-ZnWV~h3u",
"links": [
[
"tighten",
"tighten"
],
[
"tauten",
"tauten"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to tighten, tauten"
],
"tags": [
"transitive",
"weak"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃtʁafn̩/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-afn̩"
},
{
"audio": "De-straffen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0b/De-straffen.ogg/De-straffen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/De-straffen.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
},
{
"audio": "De-straffen2.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3a/De-straffen2.ogg/De-straffen2.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/De-straffen2.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "straffen"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "adjective form"
},
"expansion": "straffen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"straf‧fen"
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 21 18 18 18 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "straff"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of straff:\n## strong genitive masculine/neuter singular\n## weak/mixed genitive/dative all-gender singular\n## strong/weak/mixed accusative masculine singular\n## strong dative plural\n## weak/mixed all-case plural",
"strong genitive masculine/neuter singular"
],
"id": "en-straffen-de-adj-dj9YzWqh",
"links": [
[
"straff",
"straff#German"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of straff:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 21 18 18 18 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "straff"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of straff:\n## strong genitive masculine/neuter singular\n## weak/mixed genitive/dative all-gender singular\n## strong/weak/mixed accusative masculine singular\n## strong dative plural\n## weak/mixed all-case plural",
"weak/mixed genitive/dative all-gender singular"
],
"id": "en-straffen-de-adj-71pb1nnQ",
"links": [
[
"straff",
"straff#German"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of straff:\n"
],
"tags": [
"dative",
"form-of",
"genitive",
"mixed",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 21 18 18 18 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "straff"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of straff:\n## strong genitive masculine/neuter singular\n## weak/mixed genitive/dative all-gender singular\n## strong/weak/mixed accusative masculine singular\n## strong dative plural\n## weak/mixed all-case plural",
"strong/weak/mixed accusative masculine singular"
],
"id": "en-straffen-de-adj-LnMMBkYz",
"links": [
[
"straff",
"straff#German"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of straff:\n"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"masculine",
"mixed",
"singular",
"strong",
"weak"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 21 18 18 18 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "straff"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of straff:\n## strong genitive masculine/neuter singular\n## weak/mixed genitive/dative all-gender singular\n## strong/weak/mixed accusative masculine singular\n## strong dative plural\n## weak/mixed all-case plural",
"strong dative plural"
],
"id": "en-straffen-de-adj-2CcCsNgW",
"links": [
[
"straff",
"straff#German"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of straff:\n"
],
"tags": [
"dative",
"form-of",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 21 18 18 18 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "straff"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of straff:\n## strong genitive masculine/neuter singular\n## weak/mixed genitive/dative all-gender singular\n## strong/weak/mixed accusative masculine singular\n## strong dative plural\n## weak/mixed all-case plural",
"weak/mixed all-case plural"
],
"id": "en-straffen-de-adj-6k-EknEu",
"links": [
[
"straff",
"straff#German"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of straff:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"mixed",
"plural",
"weak"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃtʁafn̩/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-afn̩"
},
{
"audio": "De-straffen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0b/De-straffen.ogg/De-straffen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/De-straffen.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
},
{
"audio": "De-straffen2.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3a/De-straffen2.ogg/De-straffen2.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/De-straffen2.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "straffen"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "straffen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: straffen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: straffen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "straofe"
},
"expansion": "Limburgish: straofe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Limburgish: straofe"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "strāfen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German strāfen",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*strēpōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *strēpōn",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*streupan",
"t": "to squeeze, press, graze"
},
"expansion": "*streupan (“to squeeze, press, graze”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from Middle High German strāfen, which may go back to Proto-West Germanic *strēpōn, of uncertain ultimate origin, but possibly related to *streupan (“to squeeze, press, graze”). The short vowel and geminate in Dutch in contrast to the Middle High German long vowel is peculiar.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "verb",
"head": "",
"head2": ""
},
"expansion": "straffen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "straffen",
"name": "dum-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "64 17 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to scold, to reprimand"
],
"id": "en-straffen-dum-verb-byXzpBZL",
"links": [
[
"scold",
"scold"
],
[
"reprimand",
"reprimand"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to refute"
],
"id": "en-straffen-dum-verb-gWqQ7LyD",
"links": [
[
"refute",
"refute"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to punish"
],
"id": "en-straffen-dum-verb-G3PyFaL2",
"links": [
[
"punish",
"punish"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "strâfen"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Nicoline van der Sijs"
],
"word": "straffen"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "straffen m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "straff"
}
],
"glosses": [
"definite singular of straff"
],
"id": "en-straffen-nb-noun-lSaoHR3j",
"links": [
[
"straff",
"straff#Norwegian Bokmål"
]
],
"tags": [
"definite",
"form-of",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "straffen"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "straffen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "88 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "penalty kick, penalty shot",
"word": "straff"
}
],
"glosses": [
"definite singular of straff (“penalty kick, penalty shot”)"
],
"id": "en-straffen-sv-noun-leQR3H6a",
"links": [
[
"straff",
"straff#Swedish"
]
],
"tags": [
"definite",
"form-of",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "punishment, sentence",
"word": "straff"
}
],
"glosses": [
"definite plural of straff (“punishment, sentence”)"
],
"id": "en-straffen-sv-noun-yCMqeKce",
"links": [
[
"straff",
"straff#Swedish"
]
],
"tags": [
"definite",
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "straffen"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "straffen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"Danish non-lemma forms",
"Danish noun forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "straf"
}
],
"glosses": [
"definite singular of straf"
],
"links": [
[
"straf",
"straf#Danish"
]
],
"tags": [
"definite",
"form-of",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "straffen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch basic verbs",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch noun forms",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle High German",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Dutch terms with audio links",
"Dutch verbs",
"Dutch weak verbs",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɑfən",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɑfən/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "afstraffen"
},
{
"word": "bestraffen"
},
{
"word": "straf"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "straf"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: straf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: straf"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "brc",
"2": "strafu"
},
"expansion": "Berbice Creole Dutch: strafu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Berbice Creole Dutch: strafu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dcr",
"2": "straaf"
},
"expansion": "Negerhollands: straaf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Negerhollands: straaf"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "djk",
"2": "sitaafu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Aukan: sitaafu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Aukan: sitaafu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pap",
"2": "straf",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Papiamentu: straf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Papiamentu: straf"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "straffen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch straffen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "strāfen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German strāfen",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*strēpōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *strēpōn",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*streupan",
"t": "to squeeze, press, graze"
},
"expansion": "*streupan (“to squeeze, press, graze”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch straffen, probably from Middle High German strāfen, which may go back to Proto-West Germanic *strēpōn, of uncertain ultimate origin, but possibly related to *streupan (“to squeeze, press, graze”). The short vowel and geminate in Dutch in contrast to the Middle High German long vowel is peculiar. Note however that forms with a long vowel do occur in dialectal Dutch.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-wk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "straffen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "straffen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "straf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "strafte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "straft",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "strafte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "straft",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "strafte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "straft",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "straft",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "strafte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "strafte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "straft",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "strafte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "straffen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "straften",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "straffe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "strafte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "straffen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "straften",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "straf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "straft",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "straffend",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gestraft",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "straffen",
"name": "nl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"straf‧fen"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "straf",
"2": "straffe"
},
"name": "nl-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to punish"
],
"links": [
[
"punish",
"punish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to punish"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to sentence"
],
"links": [
[
"sentence",
"sentence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to sentence"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈstrɑfə(n)/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑfən"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-straffen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4e/Nl-straffen.ogg/Nl-straffen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Nl-straffen.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Nicoline van der Sijs"
],
"word": "straffen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch noun forms",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Dutch terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɑfən",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɑfən/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "straffen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"straf‧fen"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "straf"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of straf"
],
"links": [
[
"straf",
"straf#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈstrɑfə(n)/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑfən"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-straffen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4e/Nl-straffen.ogg/Nl-straffen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Nl-straffen.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "straffen"
}
{
"categories": [
"German 2-syllable words",
"German adjective forms",
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German non-lemma forms",
"German terms with IPA pronunciation",
"German terms with audio links",
"German verbs",
"German verbs using haben as auxiliary",
"German verbs with red links in their inflection tables",
"German weak verbs",
"Rhymes:German/afn̩",
"Rhymes:German/afn̩/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Straffen"
},
{
"word": "Straffung"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "straff",
"t": "tight, taut"
},
"expansion": "straff (“tight, taut”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From straff (“tight, taut”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strafft",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "straffte",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gestrafft",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "haben",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "straffen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "straffend",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gestrafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "straffe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "straffen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "straffe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "straffen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "straffst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "strafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "straffest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "straffet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "strafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "straffen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "straffe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "straffen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "straffte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "strafften",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "straffte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "strafften",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "strafftest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "strafftet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "strafftest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "strafftet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "straffte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "strafften",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "straffte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "strafften",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "straff",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "straffe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "strafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "habe gestrafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haben gestrafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "habe gestrafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "haben gestrafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hast gestrafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "habt gestrafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habest gestrafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "habet gestrafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hat gestrafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "haben gestrafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habe gestrafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "haben gestrafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hatte gestrafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hatten gestrafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hätte gestrafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hätten gestrafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hattest gestrafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hattet gestrafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hättest gestrafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hättet gestrafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hatte gestrafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hatten gestrafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hätte gestrafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hätten gestrafft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "straffen werden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "werde straffen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werden straffen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werdest straffen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werdet straffen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werde straffen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werden straffen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werde straffen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werden straffen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "würde straffen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "würden straffen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wirst straffen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werdet straffen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würdest straffen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "würdet straffen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wird straffen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werden straffen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würde straffen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würden straffen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gestrafft haben werden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "werde gestrafft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werden gestrafft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werdest gestrafft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werdet gestrafft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werde gestrafft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werden gestrafft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werde gestrafft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werden gestrafft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "würde gestrafft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "würden gestrafft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wirst gestrafft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werdet gestrafft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würdest gestrafft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "würdet gestrafft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wird gestrafft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werden gestrafft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würde gestrafft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würden gestrafft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "straffen (weak, third-person singular present strafft, past tense straffte, past participle gestrafft, auxiliary haben)",
"name": "de-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"straf‧fen"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "de-conj"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"German transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to tighten, tauten"
],
"links": [
[
"tighten",
"tighten"
],
[
"tauten",
"tauten"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to tighten, tauten"
],
"tags": [
"transitive",
"weak"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃtʁafn̩/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-afn̩"
},
{
"audio": "De-straffen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0b/De-straffen.ogg/De-straffen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/De-straffen.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
},
{
"audio": "De-straffen2.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3a/De-straffen2.ogg/De-straffen2.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/De-straffen2.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "straffen"
}
{
"categories": [
"German 2-syllable words",
"German adjective forms",
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German non-lemma forms",
"German terms with IPA pronunciation",
"German terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:German/afn̩",
"Rhymes:German/afn̩/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "adjective form"
},
"expansion": "straffen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"straf‧fen"
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "straff"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of straff:\n## strong genitive masculine/neuter singular\n## weak/mixed genitive/dative all-gender singular\n## strong/weak/mixed accusative masculine singular\n## strong dative plural\n## weak/mixed all-case plural",
"strong genitive masculine/neuter singular"
],
"links": [
[
"straff",
"straff#German"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of straff:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "straff"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of straff:\n## strong genitive masculine/neuter singular\n## weak/mixed genitive/dative all-gender singular\n## strong/weak/mixed accusative masculine singular\n## strong dative plural\n## weak/mixed all-case plural",
"weak/mixed genitive/dative all-gender singular"
],
"links": [
[
"straff",
"straff#German"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of straff:\n"
],
"tags": [
"dative",
"form-of",
"genitive",
"mixed",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "straff"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of straff:\n## strong genitive masculine/neuter singular\n## weak/mixed genitive/dative all-gender singular\n## strong/weak/mixed accusative masculine singular\n## strong dative plural\n## weak/mixed all-case plural",
"strong/weak/mixed accusative masculine singular"
],
"links": [
[
"straff",
"straff#German"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of straff:\n"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"masculine",
"mixed",
"singular",
"strong",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "straff"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of straff:\n## strong genitive masculine/neuter singular\n## weak/mixed genitive/dative all-gender singular\n## strong/weak/mixed accusative masculine singular\n## strong dative plural\n## weak/mixed all-case plural",
"strong dative plural"
],
"links": [
[
"straff",
"straff#German"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of straff:\n"
],
"tags": [
"dative",
"form-of",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "straff"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of straff:\n## strong genitive masculine/neuter singular\n## weak/mixed genitive/dative all-gender singular\n## strong/weak/mixed accusative masculine singular\n## strong dative plural\n## weak/mixed all-case plural",
"weak/mixed all-case plural"
],
"links": [
[
"straff",
"straff#German"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of straff:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"mixed",
"plural",
"weak"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃtʁafn̩/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-afn̩"
},
{
"audio": "De-straffen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0b/De-straffen.ogg/De-straffen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/De-straffen.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
},
{
"audio": "De-straffen2.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3a/De-straffen2.ogg/De-straffen2.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/De-straffen2.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "straffen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Dutch lemmas",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Middle High German",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle Dutch verbs",
"Middle Dutch weak verbs"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "straffen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: straffen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: straffen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "straofe"
},
"expansion": "Limburgish: straofe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Limburgish: straofe"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "strāfen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German strāfen",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*strēpōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *strēpōn",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*streupan",
"t": "to squeeze, press, graze"
},
"expansion": "*streupan (“to squeeze, press, graze”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from Middle High German strāfen, which may go back to Proto-West Germanic *strēpōn, of uncertain ultimate origin, but possibly related to *streupan (“to squeeze, press, graze”). The short vowel and geminate in Dutch in contrast to the Middle High German long vowel is peculiar.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "verb",
"head": "",
"head2": ""
},
"expansion": "straffen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "straffen",
"name": "dum-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to scold, to reprimand"
],
"links": [
[
"scold",
"scold"
],
[
"reprimand",
"reprimand"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to refute"
],
"links": [
[
"refute",
"refute"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to punish"
],
"links": [
[
"punish",
"punish"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "strâfen"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Nicoline van der Sijs"
],
"word": "straffen"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "straffen m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header",
"Norwegian Bokmål non-lemma forms",
"Norwegian Bokmål noun forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "straff"
}
],
"glosses": [
"definite singular of straff"
],
"links": [
[
"straff",
"straff#Norwegian Bokmål"
]
],
"tags": [
"definite",
"form-of",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "straffen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish non-lemma forms",
"Swedish noun forms"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "straffen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "penalty kick, penalty shot",
"word": "straff"
}
],
"glosses": [
"definite singular of straff (“penalty kick, penalty shot”)"
],
"links": [
[
"straff",
"straff#Swedish"
]
],
"tags": [
"definite",
"form-of",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "punishment, sentence",
"word": "straff"
}
],
"glosses": [
"definite plural of straff (“punishment, sentence”)"
],
"links": [
[
"straff",
"straff#Swedish"
]
],
"tags": [
"definite",
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "straffen"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.