See castigate in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for castigate meaning in English (13.1kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂eǵ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "castīgātus"
},
"expansion": "Latin castīgātus",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "castīgō",
"3": "",
"4": "I reprove"
},
"expansion": "castīgō (“I reprove”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "castus",
"3": "",
"4": "pure, chaste"
},
"expansion": "castus (“pure, chaste”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱes-",
"4": "",
"5": "cut"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱes- (“cut”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chastise",
"3": "chasten"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of chastise and chasten",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chaste"
},
"expansion": "chaste",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Early 17th cent., borrowed from Latin castīgātus, past participle of castīgō (“I reprove”), from castus (“pure, chaste”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱes- (“cut”). Doublet of chastise and chasten, taken through Old French. See also chaste.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "castigates",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "castigating",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "castigated",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "castigated",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "castigate (third-person singular simple present castigates, present participle castigating, simple past and past participle castigated)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "64 17 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1999, Robert P. Gordon, I & II Samuel: A Commentary, Zondervan, page 264",
"text": "Perhaps disarmed by his own scandalous behaviour with Bathsheba, he was in no position to castigate his son for a similar fault.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To punish or reprimand someone severely."
],
"id": "en-castigate-en-verb-rxQegOrk",
"links": [
[
"punish",
"punish"
],
[
"reprimand",
"reprimand"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, formal) To punish or reprimand someone severely."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "93 5 3",
"sense": "to punish severely",
"word": "chastise"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 5 3",
"sense": "to punish severely",
"word": "punish"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 5 3",
"sense": "to punish severely",
"word": "rebuke"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 5 3",
"sense": "to punish severely",
"word": "reprimand"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 22 2",
"sense": "to criticize severely",
"word": "condemn"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 22 2",
"sense": "to criticize severely",
"word": "lambaste"
}
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"alt": "строго",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nakazvam",
"sense": "to punish or reprimand someone severely",
"word": "наказвам"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "poricavam",
"sense": "to punish or reprimand someone severely",
"word": "порицавам"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to punish or reprimand someone severely",
"word": "châtier"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to punish or reprimand someone severely",
"word": "castigar"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to punish or reprimand someone severely",
"word": "reprender"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to punish or reprimand someone severely",
"word": "bestrafen"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to punish or reprimand someone severely",
"word": "strafen"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to punish or reprimand someone severely",
"word": "menegur"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to punish or reprimand someone severely",
"word": "mengecam"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to punish or reprimand someone severely",
"word": "castīgō"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to punish or reprimand someone severely",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "(srogo) karcić"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to punish or reprimand someone severely",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "strofować"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to punish or reprimand someone severely",
"word": "repreender"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to punish or reprimand someone severely",
"word": "castigar"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "to punish or reprimand someone severely",
"word": "maqay"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"alt": "жесто́ко",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "korítʹ",
"sense": "to punish or reprimand someone severely",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "кори́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nakázyvatʹ",
"sense": "to punish or reprimand someone severely",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "нака́зывать"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "karátʹ",
"sense": "to punish or reprimand someone severely",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "кара́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to punish or reprimand someone severely",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "karhať"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to punish or reprimand someone severely",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "dohovárať"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to punish or reprimand someone severely",
"word": "reprender"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to punish or reprimand someone severely",
"word": "castigar"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to punish or reprimand someone severely",
"word": "tukta"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "karaty",
"sense": "to punish or reprimand someone severely",
"word": "карати"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 28 2",
"alt": "остро",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "osǎždam",
"sense": "to criticize something severely",
"word": "осъждам"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 28 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kritikuvam",
"sense": "to criticize something severely",
"word": "критикувам"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 28 2",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to criticize something severely",
"word": "mencela"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 28 2",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to criticize something severely",
"word": "mengkritik"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 28 2",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to criticize something severely",
"word": "mengecam"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 28 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to criticize something severely",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "(ostro) potępiać"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 28 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to criticize something severely",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "krytykować"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 28 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to criticize something severely",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "piętnować"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 28 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to criticize something severely",
"word": "criticar duramente"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 28 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to criticize something severely",
"word": "criticar severamente"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 28 2",
"alt": "жесто́ко",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "osuždátʹ",
"sense": "to criticize something severely",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "осужда́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 28 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kritikovátʹ",
"sense": "to criticize something severely",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "критикова́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 28 2",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to criticize something severely",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "odsudzovať"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 28 2",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to criticize something severely",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ostro kritizovať"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 28 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to criticize something severely",
"word": "criticar duramente"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 28 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to criticize something severely",
"word": "criticar severamente"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 28 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to criticize something severely",
"word": "censurar"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 28 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zasudžuvaty",
"sense": "to criticize something severely",
"word": "засуджувати"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 28 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "krytykuvaty",
"sense": "to criticize something severely",
"word": "критикувати"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1573, The Whole Workes of W. Tyndall, Iohn Frith, and Doct. Barnes, Three Worthy Martyrs And Principall Teachers of this Churche of England, Iohn Daye, page 280",
"text": "God doth indurate, when hee doth not by and by caſtigate a ſynner.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1951, Geoffrey Chaucer, translated by Nevill Coghill, The Canterbury Tales: Translated into Modern English (Penguin Classics), Penguin Books, published 1977, page 261",
"text": "The curse of avarice and cupidity / Is all my sermon, for it frees the pelf. / Out come the pence, and specially for myself, / For my exclusive purpose is to win / And not at all to castigate their sin.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2016, Halil Berktay, Suraiya Faroqhi, New Approaches to State and Peasant in Ottoman History, Routledge, page 150",
"text": "But despite all this, for Barkan, the universalist notion of an 'Ottoman feudalism' was anathema: he castigated this idea as the concentrated expression of the anti-Ottomanism of the Kemalist Enlightenment.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2001, Klaus R. Scherer, Angela Schorr, Tom Johnstone, Appraisal Processes in Emotion: Theory, Methods, Research, Oxford University Press, page 59",
"text": "Lewis should have castigated the reasoning employed rather than the emotion, which offers no clue as to which side of the argument a person will adopt.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2012, James King, Under Foreign Eyes: Western Cinematic Adaptations of Postwar Japan, John Hunt Publishing, page 1",
"text": "From the outset, this issue becomes an often double-edged sword wherein Japan is both valorized and castigated.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To execrate or condemn something in a harsh manner, especially by public criticism."
],
"id": "en-castigate-en-verb-TOsv6pKu",
"links": [
[
"execrate",
"execrate"
],
[
"condemn",
"condemn"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, formal) To execrate or condemn something in a harsh manner, especially by public criticism."
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To revise or make corrections to a publication."
],
"id": "en-castigate-en-verb-bnDLmHkm",
"links": [
[
"revise",
"revise"
],
[
"publication",
"publication"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, rare) To revise or make corrections to a publication."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "3 4 93",
"sense": "to revise a publication",
"word": "correct"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 93",
"sense": "to revise a publication",
"word": "revise"
}
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 4 93",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to revise a publication",
"word": "réviser"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 93",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to revise a publication",
"word": "corriger"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 93",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to revise a publication",
"word": "revidieren"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 93",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to revise a publication",
"word": "korrigieren"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 93",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to revise a publication",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "poprawić"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 93",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to revise a publication",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "korygować"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 93",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vypravljaty",
"sense": "to revise a publication",
"word": "виправляти"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 93",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "koryhuvaty",
"sense": "to revise a publication",
"word": "коригувати"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkæs.tɪ.ɡeɪt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkæs.tə.ɡeɪt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation",
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-castigate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/79/En-us-castigate.ogg/En-us-castigate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/En-us-castigate.ogg",
"tags": [
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"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-castigate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5e/En-au-castigate.ogg/En-au-castigate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/En-au-castigate.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"word": "castigate"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 3-syllable words",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂eǵ-",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"3": "*h₂eǵ-"
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"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "castīgātus"
},
"expansion": "Latin castīgātus",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "castīgō",
"3": "",
"4": "I reprove"
},
"expansion": "castīgō (“I reprove”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
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"3": "",
"4": "pure, chaste"
},
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},
{
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "chastise",
"3": "chasten"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of chastise and chasten",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chaste"
},
"expansion": "chaste",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Early 17th cent., borrowed from Latin castīgātus, past participle of castīgō (“I reprove”), from castus (“pure, chaste”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱes- (“cut”). Doublet of chastise and chasten, taken through Old French. See also chaste.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "castigates",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "castigating",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "castigated",
"tags": [
"participle",
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]
},
{
"form": "castigated",
"tags": [
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]
}
],
"head_templates": [
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"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
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"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1999, Robert P. Gordon, I & II Samuel: A Commentary, Zondervan, page 264",
"text": "Perhaps disarmed by his own scandalous behaviour with Bathsheba, he was in no position to castigate his son for a similar fault.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To punish or reprimand someone severely."
],
"links": [
[
"punish",
"punish"
],
[
"reprimand",
"reprimand"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, formal) To punish or reprimand someone severely."
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English formal terms",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1573, The Whole Workes of W. Tyndall, Iohn Frith, and Doct. Barnes, Three Worthy Martyrs And Principall Teachers of this Churche of England, Iohn Daye, page 280",
"text": "God doth indurate, when hee doth not by and by caſtigate a ſynner.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1951, Geoffrey Chaucer, translated by Nevill Coghill, The Canterbury Tales: Translated into Modern English (Penguin Classics), Penguin Books, published 1977, page 261",
"text": "The curse of avarice and cupidity / Is all my sermon, for it frees the pelf. / Out come the pence, and specially for myself, / For my exclusive purpose is to win / And not at all to castigate their sin.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2016, Halil Berktay, Suraiya Faroqhi, New Approaches to State and Peasant in Ottoman History, Routledge, page 150",
"text": "But despite all this, for Barkan, the universalist notion of an 'Ottoman feudalism' was anathema: he castigated this idea as the concentrated expression of the anti-Ottomanism of the Kemalist Enlightenment.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2001, Klaus R. Scherer, Angela Schorr, Tom Johnstone, Appraisal Processes in Emotion: Theory, Methods, Research, Oxford University Press, page 59",
"text": "Lewis should have castigated the reasoning employed rather than the emotion, which offers no clue as to which side of the argument a person will adopt.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2012, James King, Under Foreign Eyes: Western Cinematic Adaptations of Postwar Japan, John Hunt Publishing, page 1",
"text": "From the outset, this issue becomes an often double-edged sword wherein Japan is both valorized and castigated.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To execrate or condemn something in a harsh manner, especially by public criticism."
],
"links": [
[
"execrate",
"execrate"
],
[
"condemn",
"condemn"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, formal) To execrate or condemn something in a harsh manner, especially by public criticism."
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with rare senses",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To revise or make corrections to a publication."
],
"links": [
[
"revise",
"revise"
],
[
"publication",
"publication"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, rare) To revise or make corrections to a publication."
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkæs.tɪ.ɡeɪt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkæs.tə.ɡeɪt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation",
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-castigate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/79/En-us-castigate.ogg/En-us-castigate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/En-us-castigate.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-castigate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5e/En-au-castigate.ogg/En-au-castigate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/En-au-castigate.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "to punish severely",
"word": "chastise"
},
{
"sense": "to punish severely",
"word": "punish"
},
{
"sense": "to punish severely",
"word": "rebuke"
},
{
"sense": "to punish severely",
"word": "reprimand"
},
{
"sense": "to criticize severely",
"word": "condemn"
},
{
"sense": "to criticize severely",
"word": "lambaste"
},
{
"sense": "to revise a publication",
"word": "correct"
},
{
"sense": "to revise a publication",
"word": "revise"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"alt": "строго",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nakazvam",
"sense": "to punish or reprimand someone severely",
"word": "наказвам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "poricavam",
"sense": "to punish or reprimand someone severely",
"word": "порицавам"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to punish or reprimand someone severely",
"word": "châtier"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to punish or reprimand someone severely",
"word": "castigar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to punish or reprimand someone severely",
"word": "reprender"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to punish or reprimand someone severely",
"word": "bestrafen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to punish or reprimand someone severely",
"word": "strafen"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to punish or reprimand someone severely",
"word": "menegur"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to punish or reprimand someone severely",
"word": "mengecam"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to punish or reprimand someone severely",
"word": "castīgō"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to punish or reprimand someone severely",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "(srogo) karcić"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to punish or reprimand someone severely",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "strofować"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to punish or reprimand someone severely",
"word": "repreender"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to punish or reprimand someone severely",
"word": "castigar"
},
{
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "to punish or reprimand someone severely",
"word": "maqay"
},
{
"alt": "жесто́ко",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "korítʹ",
"sense": "to punish or reprimand someone severely",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "кори́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nakázyvatʹ",
"sense": "to punish or reprimand someone severely",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "нака́зывать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "karátʹ",
"sense": "to punish or reprimand someone severely",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "кара́ть"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to punish or reprimand someone severely",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "karhať"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to punish or reprimand someone severely",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "dohovárať"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to punish or reprimand someone severely",
"word": "reprender"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to punish or reprimand someone severely",
"word": "castigar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to punish or reprimand someone severely",
"word": "tukta"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "karaty",
"sense": "to punish or reprimand someone severely",
"word": "карати"
},
{
"alt": "остро",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "osǎždam",
"sense": "to criticize something severely",
"word": "осъждам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kritikuvam",
"sense": "to criticize something severely",
"word": "критикувам"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to criticize something severely",
"word": "mencela"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to criticize something severely",
"word": "mengkritik"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to criticize something severely",
"word": "mengecam"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to criticize something severely",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "(ostro) potępiać"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to criticize something severely",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "krytykować"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to criticize something severely",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "piętnować"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to criticize something severely",
"word": "criticar duramente"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to criticize something severely",
"word": "criticar severamente"
},
{
"alt": "жесто́ко",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "osuždátʹ",
"sense": "to criticize something severely",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "осужда́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kritikovátʹ",
"sense": "to criticize something severely",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "критикова́ть"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to criticize something severely",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "odsudzovať"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to criticize something severely",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ostro kritizovať"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to criticize something severely",
"word": "criticar duramente"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to criticize something severely",
"word": "criticar severamente"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to criticize something severely",
"word": "censurar"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zasudžuvaty",
"sense": "to criticize something severely",
"word": "засуджувати"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "krytykuvaty",
"sense": "to criticize something severely",
"word": "критикувати"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to revise a publication",
"word": "réviser"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to revise a publication",
"word": "corriger"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to revise a publication",
"word": "revidieren"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to revise a publication",
"word": "korrigieren"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to revise a publication",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "poprawić"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to revise a publication",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "korygować"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vypravljaty",
"sense": "to revise a publication",
"word": "виправляти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "koryhuvaty",
"sense": "to revise a publication",
"word": "коригувати"
}
],
"word": "castigate"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.