See discourse in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for discourse meaning in English (40.2kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "direct discourse"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "discourse analysis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "discourse marker"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "domain of discourse"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "free indirect discourse"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "indirect discourse"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "mode of discourse"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "universe of discourse"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "window of discourse"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱers-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "discours"
},
"expansion": "Middle English discours",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "discours",
"4": "",
"5": "conversation, speech"
},
"expansion": "Middle French discours (“conversation, speech”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "discursus",
"4": "",
"5": "the act of running about"
},
"expansion": "Latin discursus (“the act of running about”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "discurrō",
"4": "",
"5": "run about"
},
"expansion": "Latin discurrō (“run about”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "dis-",
"3": "",
"4": "apart"
},
"expansion": "dis- (“apart”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "currō",
"3": "",
"4": "run"
},
"expansion": "currō (“run”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "cours",
"4": "",
"5": "course"
},
"expansion": "Middle French cours (“course”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "discursus"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of discursus",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English discours, borrowed from Middle French discours (“conversation, speech”), from Latin discursus (“the act of running about”), from Latin discurrō (“run about”), from dis- (“apart”) + currō (“run”). Spelling modified by influence of Middle French cours (“course”). Doublet of discursus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "discourses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "discourse (countable and uncountable, plural discourses)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "course"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "discursive"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 7 15 9 7 10 2 11 1 15 5 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Talking",
"orig": "en:Talking",
"parents": [
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Human",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Verbal exchange, conversation."
],
"id": "en-discourse-en-noun-Pj8j1Lge",
"links": [
[
"exchange",
"exchange"
],
[
"conversation",
"conversation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, archaic) Verbal exchange, conversation."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "65 6 8 7 6 6 3",
"sense": "verbal exchange",
"word": "debate"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 6 8 7 6 6 3",
"sense": "verbal exchange",
"word": "conversation"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 6 8 7 6 6 3",
"sense": "verbal exchange",
"word": "discussion"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 6 8 7 6 6 3",
"sense": "verbal exchange",
"word": "talk"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2012 March 23, Brian Hayes, “Pixels or Perish”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, archived from the original on 2013-02-19, page 106",
"text": "Drawings and pictures are more than mere ornaments in scientific discourse. Blackboard sketches, geological maps, diagrams of molecular structure, astronomical photographs, MRI images, the many varieties of statistical charts and graphs: These pictorial devices are indispensable tools for presenting evidence, for explaining a theory, for telling a story.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Expression in words, either speech or writing."
],
"id": "en-discourse-en-noun-3ytk94IU",
"links": [
[
"Expression",
"expression"
],
[
"words",
"words"
],
[
"speech",
"speech"
],
[
"writing",
"writing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) Expression in words, either speech or writing."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "5 52 6 4 23 4 5",
"sense": "expression in words",
"word": "communication"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 52 6 4 23 4 5",
"sense": "expression in words",
"word": "expression"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "10 33 7 16 25 4 4",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"word": "gesprek"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 33 7 16 25 4 4",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "discurs"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 33 7 16 25 4 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"word": "話語"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 33 7 16 25 4 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiāotán",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"word": "话语"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 33 7 16 25 4 4",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"literary"
],
"word": "afhandling"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 33 7 16 25 4 4",
"code": "da",
"english": "oral",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "foredrag"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 33 7 16 25 4 4",
"code": "da",
"english": "oral",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "prædiken"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 33 7 16 25 4 4",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "diskurs"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 33 7 16 25 4 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "betoog"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 33 7 16 25 4 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"word": "discussie"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 33 7 16 25 4 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "gesprek"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 33 7 16 25 4 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "conversatie"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 33 7 16 25 4 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "uiting"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 33 7 16 25 4 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "communicatie"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 33 7 16 25 4 4",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "samskifti"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 33 7 16 25 4 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"word": "ilmaus"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 33 7 16 25 4 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "discours"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 33 7 16 25 4 4",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "discurso"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 33 7 16 25 4 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Diskurs"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 33 7 16 25 4 4",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "omilía",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ομιλία"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 33 7 16 25 4 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "discorso"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 33 7 16 25 4 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dyskurs"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 33 7 16 25 4 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "discurso"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 33 7 16 25 4 4",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "discurs"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 33 7 16 25 4 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dískurs",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ди́скурс"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 33 7 16 25 4 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "diskúrs",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "диску́рс"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 33 7 16 25 4 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "discurso"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 33 7 16 25 4 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "diskurs"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 33 7 16 25 4 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "mubahase"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 33 7 16 25 4 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"word": "söz"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 7 15 9 7 10 2 11 1 15 5 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Talking",
"orig": "en:Talking",
"parents": [
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Human",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A conversation."
],
"id": "en-discourse-en-noun-PJ7L7l6U",
"links": [
[
"conversation",
"conversation#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) A conversation."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The preacher gave us a long discourse on duty."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A formal lengthy exposition of some subject, either spoken or written."
],
"id": "en-discourse-en-noun-SXq97~S-",
"links": [
[
"formal",
"formal"
],
[
"lengthy",
"lengthy"
],
[
"exposition",
"exposition"
],
[
"subject",
"subject"
],
[
"spoken",
"spoken"
],
[
"written",
"written"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) A formal lengthy exposition of some subject, either spoken or written."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "7 6 6 61 7 8 5",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"word": "dissertation"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 6 6 61 7 8 5",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"word": "lecture"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 6 6 61 7 8 5",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"word": "sermon"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 6 6 61 7 8 5",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"word": "study"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 6 6 61 7 8 5",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"word": "treatise"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "6 5 6 63 8 8 5",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"word": "diskoers"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 5 6 63 8 8 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "doklad",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "доклад"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 5 6 63 8 8 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "lekcija",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "лекция"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 5 6 63 8 8 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"word": "論文"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 5 6 63 8 8 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "lùnwén",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"word": "论文"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 5 6 63 8 8 5",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "řeč"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 5 6 63 8 8 5",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "projev"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 5 6 63 8 8 5",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "přednáška"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 5 6 63 8 8 5",
"code": "da",
"english": "oral",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "prædiken"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 5 6 63 8 8 5",
"code": "da",
"english": "oral",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "foredrag"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 5 6 63 8 8 5",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"literary"
],
"word": "afhandling"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 5 6 63 8 8 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "betoog"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 5 6 63 8 8 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "verhandeling"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 5 6 63 8 8 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "discours"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 5 6 63 8 8 5",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine"
],
"word": "fyrilestur"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 5 6 63 8 8 5",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"literary"
],
"word": "ritgerð"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 5 6 63 8 8 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"word": "tutkielma"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 5 6 63 8 8 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "discours"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 5 6 63 8 8 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "discurso"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 5 6 63 8 8 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Diskurs"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 5 6 63 8 8 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Abhandlung"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 5 6 63 8 8 5",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "omilía",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ομιλία"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 5 6 63 8 8 5",
"alt": "ろんぶん",
"code": "ja",
"english": "scholarly essay",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ronbun",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"word": "論文"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 5 6 63 8 8 5",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"word": "whakatakotoranga"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 5 6 63 8 8 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dyskurs"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 5 6 63 8 8 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "discurso"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 5 6 63 8 8 5",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "discurs"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 5 6 63 8 8 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "doklád",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "докла́д"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 5 6 63 8 8 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "lékcija",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ле́кция"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 5 6 63 8 8 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rečʹ",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "речь"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 5 6 63 8 8 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "traktát",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "тракта́т"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 5 6 63 8 8 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "discurso"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 5 6 63 8 8 5",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "diskurs"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1692, Robert South, A Discourse Concerning The General Resurrection On Acts xxiv. 15",
"text": "difficult, strange, and harsh to the discourses of natural reason",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any rational expression, reason."
],
"id": "en-discourse-en-noun-e0ZUUI3V",
"links": [
[
"rational",
"rational"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) Any rational expression, reason."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "6 24 6 5 52 4 3",
"sense": "rational expression",
"word": "ratiocination"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "6 17 6 5 55 5 4",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "rational expression, reason",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "udtryksform"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 17 6 5 55 5 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "rational expression, reason",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rede"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 17 6 5 55 5 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "rational expression, reason",
"word": "järkeily"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 17 6 5 55 5 4",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "rational expression, reason",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "discurso"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 17 6 5 55 5 4",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "nonseol",
"sense": "rational expression, reason",
"word": "논설"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 17 6 5 55 5 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "racionálʹnostʹ",
"sense": "rational expression, reason",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "рациона́льность"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 17 6 5 55 5 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "razúmnostʹ",
"sense": "rational expression, reason",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "разу́мность"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Social sciences",
"orig": "en:Social sciences",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "7 8 8 12 12 32 4 5 1 4 2 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 10 6 14 11 30 5 5 1 2 2 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 10 7 10 11 23 8 6 3 4 4 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2007, Christine L. Marran, Poison Woman: Figuring Female Transgression in Modern Japanese Culture, page 137",
"text": "Furthermore, it should be recalled from the previous chapter that criminological discourse of the 1930s deemed every woman a potential criminal, implicitly including the domestic woman.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2008, Jane Anna Gordon, Lewis Gordon, A Companion to African-American Studies, page 308",
"text": "But equally important to the emergence of uniquely African-American queer discourses is the refusal of African-American movements for liberation to address adequately issues of sexual orientation and gender identity.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2019 July 3, Jess Schwalb, “Red Line Rebellion”, in Jewish Currents",
"text": "Brown University's Friday Night Jews (FNJ) [...] began as an informal Shabbat dinner gathering in 2016, as a space for Jewish students who were feeling fed up with Hillel’s limitations regarding Israel/Palestine discourse, after the Brown/RISD Hillel rescinded sponsorship of a film screening by the Israeli nonprofit Zochrot, an organization that educates Jewish Israelis about the Nakba.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An institutionalized way of thinking, a social boundary defining what can be said about a specific topic (after Michel Foucault)."
],
"id": "en-discourse-en-noun-EvkSvOj-",
"links": [
[
"social science",
"social science"
],
[
"institutionalized",
"institutionalized"
],
[
"thinking",
"thinking"
],
[
"social",
"social"
],
[
"topic",
"topic"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(social sciences, countable) An institutionalized way of thinking, a social boundary defining what can be said about a specific topic (after Michel Foucault)."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"sciences",
"social-science",
"social-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "6 14 7 4 16 47 7",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "in social sciences",
"word": "diskoers"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 14 7 4 16 47 7",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "xosuytʿ",
"sense": "in social sciences",
"word": "խոսույթ"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 14 7 4 16 47 7",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "in social sciences",
"word": "diskurs"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 14 7 4 16 47 7",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "in social sciences",
"word": "談話"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 14 7 4 16 47 7",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "tánhuà",
"sense": "in social sciences",
"word": "谈话"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 14 7 4 16 47 7",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "in social sciences",
"word": "vertoog"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 14 7 4 16 47 7",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "in social sciences",
"word": "discours"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 14 7 4 16 47 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "in social sciences",
"word": "diskurssi"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 14 7 4 16 47 7",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "in social sciences",
"word": "discurso"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 14 7 4 16 47 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "in social sciences",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Diskurs"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 14 7 4 16 47 7",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "diálexi",
"sense": "in social sciences",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "διάλεξη"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 14 7 4 16 47 7",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "síaẖ",
"sense": "in social sciences",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "שִׂיחַ"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 14 7 4 16 47 7",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "disukū",
"sense": "in social sciences",
"word": "デイスクー"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 14 7 4 16 47 7",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "diskors",
"sense": "in social sciences",
"word": "دیسکورس"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 14 7 4 16 47 7",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "in social sciences",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dyskurs"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 14 7 4 16 47 7",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "in social sciences",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "discurso"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 14 7 4 16 47 7",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "in social sciences",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "discurs"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 14 7 4 16 47 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dískurs",
"sense": "in social sciences",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ди́скурс"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 14 7 4 16 47 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "diskúrs",
"sense": "in social sciences",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "диску́рс"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 14 7 4 16 47 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "in social sciences",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "discurso"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 14 7 4 16 47 7",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "in social sciences",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "diskurs"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Dealing; transaction."
],
"id": "en-discourse-en-noun-JImeW7hs",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Dealing; transaction."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɪskɔː(ɹ)s/",
"tags": [
"mainly",
"noun"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/dɪsˈkɔː(ɹ)s/",
"tags": [
"mainly",
"verb"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɪsko(ː)ɹs/",
"note": "rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
},
{
"ipa": "/dɪsˈko(ː)ɹs/",
"note": "rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɪskoəs/",
"note": "non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
},
{
"ipa": "/dɪsˈkoəs/",
"note": "non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
},
{
"rhymes": "(mainly verb) -ɔː(ɹ)s"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-discourse.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d8/En-us-discourse.ogg/En-us-discourse.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/En-us-discourse.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "16 17 10 14 19 12 11",
"sense": "views of a society",
"word": "norm"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 17 10 14 19 12 11",
"sense": "views of a society",
"word": "Overton window"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "discours"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "42 4 36 5 5 4 4",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"word": "gesprek"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 4 36 5 5 4 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razgovor",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "разговор"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 4 36 5 5 4 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"word": "交談"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 4 36 5 5 4 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiāotán",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"word": "交谈"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 4 36 5 5 4 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"word": "談話"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 4 36 5 5 4 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "tánhuà",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"word": "谈话"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 4 36 5 5 4 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"word": "會話"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 4 36 5 5 4 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "huìhuà",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"word": "会话"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 4 36 5 5 4 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rozprava"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 4 36 5 5 4 4",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "samtale"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 4 36 5 5 4 4",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "debat"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 4 36 5 5 4 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "conversatie"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 4 36 5 5 4 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "gesprek"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 4 36 5 5 4 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gedachtewisseling"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 4 36 5 5 4 4",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "samrøða"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 4 36 5 5 4 4",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "orðaskifti"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 4 36 5 5 4 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"word": "diskurssi"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 4 36 5 5 4 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"word": "keskustelu"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 4 36 5 5 4 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"word": "ajatustenvaihto"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 4 36 5 5 4 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "conversation"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 4 36 5 5 4 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "discours"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 4 36 5 5 4 4",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "discurso"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 4 36 5 5 4 4",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "discusión"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 4 36 5 5 4 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Diskurs"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 4 36 5 5 4 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Gespräch"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 4 36 5 5 4 4",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "synomilía",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "συνομιλία"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 4 36 5 5 4 4",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "síaẖ",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "שִׂיחַ"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 4 36 5 5 4 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "discussione"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 4 36 5 5 4 4",
"alt": "かいわ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kaiwa",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"word": "会話"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 4 36 5 5 4 4",
"alt": "たいわ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "taiwa",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"word": "対話"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 4 36 5 5 4 4",
"alt": "かいだん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kaidan",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"word": "会談"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 4 36 5 5 4 4",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "diskurs"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 4 36 5 5 4 4",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "diskurs"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 4 36 5 5 4 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "konwersacja"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 4 36 5 5 4 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "discussão"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 4 36 5 5 4 4",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "discurs"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 4 36 5 5 4 4",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "conversație"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 4 36 5 5 4 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "razgovór",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "разгово́р"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 4 36 5 5 4 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "beséda",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бесе́да"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 4 36 5 5 4 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dískurs",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ди́скурс"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 4 36 5 5 4 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "diskúrs",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "диску́рс"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 4 36 5 5 4 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "discurso"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 4 36 5 5 4 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "conversación"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 4 36 5 5 4 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "diskurs"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 4 36 5 5 4 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"word": "mübahase"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 4 36 5 5 4 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"word": "tartışma"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"discourse"
],
"word": "discourse"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "discourser"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱers-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "discours"
},
"expansion": "Middle English discours",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "discours",
"4": "",
"5": "conversation, speech"
},
"expansion": "Middle French discours (“conversation, speech”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "discursus",
"4": "",
"5": "the act of running about"
},
"expansion": "Latin discursus (“the act of running about”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "discurrō",
"4": "",
"5": "run about"
},
"expansion": "Latin discurrō (“run about”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "dis-",
"3": "",
"4": "apart"
},
"expansion": "dis- (“apart”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "currō",
"3": "",
"4": "run"
},
"expansion": "currō (“run”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "cours",
"4": "",
"5": "course"
},
"expansion": "Middle French cours (“course”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "discursus"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of discursus",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English discours, borrowed from Middle French discours (“conversation, speech”), from Latin discursus (“the act of running about”), from Latin discurrō (“run about”), from dis- (“apart”) + currō (“run”). Spelling modified by influence of Middle French cours (“course”). Doublet of discursus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "discourses",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "discoursing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "discoursed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "discoursed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "discourse (third-person singular simple present discourses, present participle discoursing, simple past and past participle discoursed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "essay"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 7 15 9 7 10 2 11 1 15 5 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Talking",
"orig": "en:Talking",
"parents": [
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Human",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To engage in discussion or conversation; to converse."
],
"id": "en-discourse-en-verb-e1hrd4DP",
"links": [
[
"engage",
"engage"
],
[
"discussion",
"discussion"
],
[
"conversation",
"conversation"
],
[
"converse",
"converse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To engage in discussion or conversation; to converse."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "86 0 7 4 2",
"sense": "engage in discussion or conversation",
"word": "converse"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 7 4 2",
"sense": "engage in discussion or conversation",
"word": "talk"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "86 0 7 4 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razgovarjam",
"sense": "engage in discussion or conversation",
"word": "разговарям"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 7 4 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "diskutiram",
"sense": "engage in discussion or conversation",
"word": "дискутирам"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 7 4 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "engage in discussion or conversation",
"word": "談論"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 7 4 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "tánlùn",
"sense": "engage in discussion or conversation",
"word": "谈论"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 7 4 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "engage in discussion or conversation",
"word": "rozmlouvat"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 7 4 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "engage in discussion or conversation",
"word": "converseren"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 7 4 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "engage in discussion or conversation",
"word": "spreken"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 7 4 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "engage in discussion or conversation",
"word": "keskustella"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 7 4 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "engage in discussion or conversation",
"word": "reden"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 7 4 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "synomiló",
"sense": "engage in discussion or conversation",
"word": "συνομιλώ"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 7 4 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "dialégomai",
"sense": "engage in discussion or conversation",
"word": "διαλέγομαι"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 7 4 2",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "dialégomai",
"sense": "engage in discussion or conversation",
"word": "διαλέγομαι"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 7 4 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "engage in discussion or conversation",
"word": "sermōcinor"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To write or speak formally and at length."
],
"id": "en-discourse-en-verb-y6VReXzi",
"links": [
[
"write",
"write"
],
[
"speak",
"speak"
],
[
"formally",
"formally"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To write or speak formally and at length."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 99 0 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "dokladvam",
"sense": "write or speak formally and at length",
"word": "докладвам"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 99 0 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "dǎrža reč",
"sense": "write or speak formally and at length",
"word": "държа реч"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 99 0 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "write or speak formally and at length",
"word": "演講"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 99 0 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yánjiǎng",
"sense": "write or speak formally and at length",
"word": "演讲"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 99 0 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "write or speak formally and at length",
"word": "pojednávat"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 99 0 0 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "write or speak formally and at length",
"word": "holde foredrag om"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 99 0 0 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "write or speak formally and at length",
"word": "tale om"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 99 0 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "write or speak formally and at length",
"word": "käsitellä"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 99 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "write or speak formally and at length",
"word": "eine Rede f halten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 99 0 0 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "dialégomai",
"sense": "write or speak formally and at length",
"word": "διαλέγομαι"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 99 0 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "write or speak formally and at length",
"word": "disertar"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 7 15 9 7 10 2 11 1 15 5 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Talking",
"orig": "en:Talking",
"parents": [
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Human",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To debate."
],
"id": "en-discourse-en-verb-RV0NIhK6",
"links": [
[
"debate",
"debate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, transitive) To debate."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "6 0 86 5 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "diskutiram",
"sense": "to debate",
"word": "дискутирам"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 0 86 5 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to debate",
"word": "bespreken"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 0 86 5 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to debate",
"word": "väitellä"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To exercise reason; to employ the mind in judging and inferring; to reason."
],
"id": "en-discourse-en-verb-CsDNM6Fv"
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1911, James George Frazer, The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion, Volume II, Part II, Chapter V, p. 233",
"text": "Music discoursed on that melodious instrument, a Jew's harp, keeps the elfin women away from the hunter, because the tongue of the instrument is of steel.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1915, Ralph Henry Barbour, chapter XXIII, in The Secret Play, New York: D. Appleton & Co., page 300",
"text": "Dahl's Silver Cornet Band, augmented for the occasion to the grand total of fourteen pieces, discoursed sweet—well, discoursed music; let us not be too particular as to the quality of it.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To produce or emit (musical sounds)."
],
"id": "en-discourse-en-verb-CdbLtAGG",
"links": [
[
"produce",
"produce"
],
[
"emit",
"emit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, transitive) To produce or emit (musical sounds)."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɪskɔː(ɹ)s/",
"tags": [
"mainly",
"noun"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/dɪsˈkɔː(ɹ)s/",
"tags": [
"mainly",
"verb"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɪsko(ː)ɹs/",
"note": "rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
},
{
"ipa": "/dɪsˈko(ː)ɹs/",
"note": "rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɪskoəs/",
"note": "non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
},
{
"ipa": "/dɪsˈkoəs/",
"note": "non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
},
{
"rhymes": "(mainly verb) -ɔː(ɹ)s"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-discourse.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d8/En-us-discourse.ogg/En-us-discourse.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/En-us-discourse.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "discours"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"discourse"
],
"word": "discourse"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English 3-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱers-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English undefined derivations",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Dutch translations",
"Requests for review of French translations",
"Requests for review of Korean translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)s",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)s/2 syllables",
"en:Talking"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "direct discourse"
},
{
"word": "discourse analysis"
},
{
"word": "discourse marker"
},
{
"word": "domain of discourse"
},
{
"word": "free indirect discourse"
},
{
"word": "indirect discourse"
},
{
"word": "mode of discourse"
},
{
"word": "universe of discourse"
},
{
"word": "window of discourse"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱers-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "discours"
},
"expansion": "Middle English discours",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "discours",
"4": "",
"5": "conversation, speech"
},
"expansion": "Middle French discours (“conversation, speech”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "discursus",
"4": "",
"5": "the act of running about"
},
"expansion": "Latin discursus (“the act of running about”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "discurrō",
"4": "",
"5": "run about"
},
"expansion": "Latin discurrō (“run about”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "dis-",
"3": "",
"4": "apart"
},
"expansion": "dis- (“apart”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "currō",
"3": "",
"4": "run"
},
"expansion": "currō (“run”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "cours",
"4": "",
"5": "course"
},
"expansion": "Middle French cours (“course”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "discursus"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of discursus",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English discours, borrowed from Middle French discours (“conversation, speech”), from Latin discursus (“the act of running about”), from Latin discurrō (“run about”), from dis- (“apart”) + currō (“run”). Spelling modified by influence of Middle French cours (“course”). Doublet of discursus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "discourses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "discourse (countable and uncountable, plural discourses)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "course"
},
{
"word": "discursive"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"Verbal exchange, conversation."
],
"links": [
[
"exchange",
"exchange"
],
[
"conversation",
"conversation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, archaic) Verbal exchange, conversation."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2012 March 23, Brian Hayes, “Pixels or Perish”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, archived from the original on 2013-02-19, page 106",
"text": "Drawings and pictures are more than mere ornaments in scientific discourse. Blackboard sketches, geological maps, diagrams of molecular structure, astronomical photographs, MRI images, the many varieties of statistical charts and graphs: These pictorial devices are indispensable tools for presenting evidence, for explaining a theory, for telling a story.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Expression in words, either speech or writing."
],
"links": [
[
"Expression",
"expression"
],
[
"words",
"words"
],
[
"speech",
"speech"
],
[
"writing",
"writing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) Expression in words, either speech or writing."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"A conversation."
],
"links": [
[
"conversation",
"conversation#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) A conversation."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The preacher gave us a long discourse on duty."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A formal lengthy exposition of some subject, either spoken or written."
],
"links": [
[
"formal",
"formal"
],
[
"lengthy",
"lengthy"
],
[
"exposition",
"exposition"
],
[
"subject",
"subject"
],
[
"spoken",
"spoken"
],
[
"written",
"written"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) A formal lengthy exposition of some subject, either spoken or written."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1692, Robert South, A Discourse Concerning The General Resurrection On Acts xxiv. 15",
"text": "difficult, strange, and harsh to the discourses of natural reason",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any rational expression, reason."
],
"links": [
[
"rational",
"rational"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) Any rational expression, reason."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Social sciences"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2007, Christine L. Marran, Poison Woman: Figuring Female Transgression in Modern Japanese Culture, page 137",
"text": "Furthermore, it should be recalled from the previous chapter that criminological discourse of the 1930s deemed every woman a potential criminal, implicitly including the domestic woman.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2008, Jane Anna Gordon, Lewis Gordon, A Companion to African-American Studies, page 308",
"text": "But equally important to the emergence of uniquely African-American queer discourses is the refusal of African-American movements for liberation to address adequately issues of sexual orientation and gender identity.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2019 July 3, Jess Schwalb, “Red Line Rebellion”, in Jewish Currents",
"text": "Brown University's Friday Night Jews (FNJ) [...] began as an informal Shabbat dinner gathering in 2016, as a space for Jewish students who were feeling fed up with Hillel’s limitations regarding Israel/Palestine discourse, after the Brown/RISD Hillel rescinded sponsorship of a film screening by the Israeli nonprofit Zochrot, an organization that educates Jewish Israelis about the Nakba.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An institutionalized way of thinking, a social boundary defining what can be said about a specific topic (after Michel Foucault)."
],
"links": [
[
"social science",
"social science"
],
[
"institutionalized",
"institutionalized"
],
[
"thinking",
"thinking"
],
[
"social",
"social"
],
[
"topic",
"topic"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(social sciences, countable) An institutionalized way of thinking, a social boundary defining what can be said about a specific topic (after Michel Foucault)."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"sciences",
"social-science",
"social-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Dealing; transaction."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Dealing; transaction."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɪskɔː(ɹ)s/",
"tags": [
"mainly",
"noun"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/dɪsˈkɔː(ɹ)s/",
"tags": [
"mainly",
"verb"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɪsko(ː)ɹs/",
"note": "rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
},
{
"ipa": "/dɪsˈko(ː)ɹs/",
"note": "rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɪskoəs/",
"note": "non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
},
{
"ipa": "/dɪsˈkoəs/",
"note": "non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
},
{
"rhymes": "(mainly verb) -ɔː(ɹ)s"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-discourse.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d8/En-us-discourse.ogg/En-us-discourse.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/En-us-discourse.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "expression in words",
"word": "communication"
},
{
"sense": "expression in words",
"word": "expression"
},
{
"sense": "verbal exchange",
"word": "debate"
},
{
"sense": "verbal exchange",
"word": "conversation"
},
{
"sense": "verbal exchange",
"word": "discussion"
},
{
"sense": "verbal exchange",
"word": "talk"
},
{
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"word": "dissertation"
},
{
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"word": "lecture"
},
{
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"word": "sermon"
},
{
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"word": "study"
},
{
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"word": "treatise"
},
{
"sense": "rational expression",
"word": "ratiocination"
},
{
"sense": "views of a society",
"word": "norm"
},
{
"sense": "views of a society",
"word": "Overton window"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "discours"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"word": "gesprek"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "discurs"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"word": "話語"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiāotán",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"word": "话语"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"literary"
],
"word": "afhandling"
},
{
"code": "da",
"english": "oral",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "foredrag"
},
{
"code": "da",
"english": "oral",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "prædiken"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "diskurs"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "betoog"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"word": "discussie"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "gesprek"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "conversatie"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "uiting"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "communicatie"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "samskifti"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"word": "ilmaus"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "discours"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "discurso"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Diskurs"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "omilía",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ομιλία"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "discorso"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dyskurs"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "discurso"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "discurs"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dískurs",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ди́скурс"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "diskúrs",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "диску́рс"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "discurso"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "diskurs"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "mubahase"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "expression in (spoken or written) words",
"word": "söz"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"word": "diskoers"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "doklad",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "доклад"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "lekcija",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "лекция"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"word": "論文"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "lùnwén",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"word": "论文"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "řeč"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "projev"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "přednáška"
},
{
"code": "da",
"english": "oral",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "prædiken"
},
{
"code": "da",
"english": "oral",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "foredrag"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"literary"
],
"word": "afhandling"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "betoog"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "verhandeling"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "discours"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine"
],
"word": "fyrilestur"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"literary"
],
"word": "ritgerð"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"word": "tutkielma"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "discours"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "discurso"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Diskurs"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Abhandlung"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "omilía",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ομιλία"
},
{
"alt": "ろんぶん",
"code": "ja",
"english": "scholarly essay",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ronbun",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"word": "論文"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"word": "whakatakotoranga"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dyskurs"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "discurso"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "discurs"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "doklád",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "докла́д"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "lékcija",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ле́кция"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rečʹ",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "речь"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "traktát",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "тракта́т"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "discurso"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "formal lengthy exposition of some subject",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "diskurs"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"word": "gesprek"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razgovor",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "разговор"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"word": "交談"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiāotán",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"word": "交谈"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"word": "談話"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "tánhuà",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"word": "谈话"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"word": "會話"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "huìhuà",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"word": "会话"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rozprava"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "samtale"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "debat"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "conversatie"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "gesprek"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gedachtewisseling"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "samrøða"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "orðaskifti"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"word": "diskurssi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"word": "keskustelu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"word": "ajatustenvaihto"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "conversation"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "discours"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "discurso"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "discusión"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Diskurs"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Gespräch"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "synomilía",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "συνομιλία"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "síaẖ",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "שִׂיחַ"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "discussione"
},
{
"alt": "かいわ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kaiwa",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"word": "会話"
},
{
"alt": "たいわ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "taiwa",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"word": "対話"
},
{
"alt": "かいだん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kaidan",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"word": "会談"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "diskurs"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "diskurs"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "konwersacja"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "discussão"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "discurs"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "conversație"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "razgovór",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "разгово́р"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "beséda",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бесе́да"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dískurs",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ди́скурс"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "diskúrs",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "диску́рс"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "discurso"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "conversación"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "diskurs"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"word": "mübahase"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "verbal exchange or conversation",
"word": "tartışma"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "rational expression, reason",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "udtryksform"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "rational expression, reason",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rede"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "rational expression, reason",
"word": "järkeily"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "rational expression, reason",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "discurso"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "nonseol",
"sense": "rational expression, reason",
"word": "논설"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "racionálʹnostʹ",
"sense": "rational expression, reason",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "рациона́льность"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "razúmnostʹ",
"sense": "rational expression, reason",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "разу́мность"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "in social sciences",
"word": "diskoers"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "xosuytʿ",
"sense": "in social sciences",
"word": "խոսույթ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "in social sciences",
"word": "diskurs"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "in social sciences",
"word": "談話"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "tánhuà",
"sense": "in social sciences",
"word": "谈话"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "in social sciences",
"word": "vertoog"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "in social sciences",
"word": "discours"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "in social sciences",
"word": "diskurssi"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "in social sciences",
"word": "discurso"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "in social sciences",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Diskurs"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "diálexi",
"sense": "in social sciences",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "διάλεξη"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "síaẖ",
"sense": "in social sciences",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "שִׂיחַ"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "disukū",
"sense": "in social sciences",
"word": "デイスクー"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "diskors",
"sense": "in social sciences",
"word": "دیسکورس"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "in social sciences",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dyskurs"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "in social sciences",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "discurso"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "in social sciences",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "discurs"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dískurs",
"sense": "in social sciences",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ди́скурс"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "diskúrs",
"sense": "in social sciences",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "диску́рс"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "in social sciences",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "discurso"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "in social sciences",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "diskurs"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"discourse"
],
"word": "discourse"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English 3-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱers-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English undefined derivations",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Dutch translations",
"Requests for review of French translations",
"Requests for review of Korean translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)s",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)s/2 syllables",
"en:Talking"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "discourser"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱers-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "discours"
},
"expansion": "Middle English discours",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "discours",
"4": "",
"5": "conversation, speech"
},
"expansion": "Middle French discours (“conversation, speech”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "discursus",
"4": "",
"5": "the act of running about"
},
"expansion": "Latin discursus (“the act of running about”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "discurrō",
"4": "",
"5": "run about"
},
"expansion": "Latin discurrō (“run about”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "dis-",
"3": "",
"4": "apart"
},
"expansion": "dis- (“apart”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "currō",
"3": "",
"4": "run"
},
"expansion": "currō (“run”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "cours",
"4": "",
"5": "course"
},
"expansion": "Middle French cours (“course”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "discursus"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of discursus",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English discours, borrowed from Middle French discours (“conversation, speech”), from Latin discursus (“the act of running about”), from Latin discurrō (“run about”), from dis- (“apart”) + currō (“run”). Spelling modified by influence of Middle French cours (“course”). Doublet of discursus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "discourses",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "discoursing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "discoursed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "discoursed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "discourse (third-person singular simple present discourses, present participle discoursing, simple past and past participle discoursed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "essay"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To engage in discussion or conversation; to converse."
],
"links": [
[
"engage",
"engage"
],
[
"discussion",
"discussion"
],
[
"conversation",
"conversation"
],
[
"converse",
"converse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To engage in discussion or conversation; to converse."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To write or speak formally and at length."
],
"links": [
[
"write",
"write"
],
[
"speak",
"speak"
],
[
"formally",
"formally"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To write or speak formally and at length."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To debate."
],
"links": [
[
"debate",
"debate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, transitive) To debate."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To exercise reason; to employ the mind in judging and inferring; to reason."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1911, James George Frazer, The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion, Volume II, Part II, Chapter V, p. 233",
"text": "Music discoursed on that melodious instrument, a Jew's harp, keeps the elfin women away from the hunter, because the tongue of the instrument is of steel.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1915, Ralph Henry Barbour, chapter XXIII, in The Secret Play, New York: D. Appleton & Co., page 300",
"text": "Dahl's Silver Cornet Band, augmented for the occasion to the grand total of fourteen pieces, discoursed sweet—well, discoursed music; let us not be too particular as to the quality of it.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To produce or emit (musical sounds)."
],
"links": [
[
"produce",
"produce"
],
[
"emit",
"emit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, transitive) To produce or emit (musical sounds)."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɪskɔː(ɹ)s/",
"tags": [
"mainly",
"noun"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/dɪsˈkɔː(ɹ)s/",
"tags": [
"mainly",
"verb"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɪsko(ː)ɹs/",
"note": "rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
},
{
"ipa": "/dɪsˈko(ː)ɹs/",
"note": "rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɪskoəs/",
"note": "non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
},
{
"ipa": "/dɪsˈkoəs/",
"note": "non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
},
{
"rhymes": "(mainly verb) -ɔː(ɹ)s"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-discourse.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d8/En-us-discourse.ogg/En-us-discourse.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/En-us-discourse.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "engage in discussion or conversation",
"word": "converse"
},
{
"sense": "engage in discussion or conversation",
"word": "talk"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "discours"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razgovarjam",
"sense": "engage in discussion or conversation",
"word": "разговарям"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "diskutiram",
"sense": "engage in discussion or conversation",
"word": "дискутирам"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "engage in discussion or conversation",
"word": "談論"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "tánlùn",
"sense": "engage in discussion or conversation",
"word": "谈论"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "engage in discussion or conversation",
"word": "rozmlouvat"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "engage in discussion or conversation",
"word": "converseren"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "engage in discussion or conversation",
"word": "spreken"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "engage in discussion or conversation",
"word": "keskustella"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "engage in discussion or conversation",
"word": "reden"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "synomiló",
"sense": "engage in discussion or conversation",
"word": "συνομιλώ"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "dialégomai",
"sense": "engage in discussion or conversation",
"word": "διαλέγομαι"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "dialégomai",
"sense": "engage in discussion or conversation",
"word": "διαλέγομαι"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "engage in discussion or conversation",
"word": "sermōcinor"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "dokladvam",
"sense": "write or speak formally and at length",
"word": "докладвам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "dǎrža reč",
"sense": "write or speak formally and at length",
"word": "държа реч"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "write or speak formally and at length",
"word": "演講"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yánjiǎng",
"sense": "write or speak formally and at length",
"word": "演讲"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "write or speak formally and at length",
"word": "pojednávat"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "write or speak formally and at length",
"word": "holde foredrag om"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "write or speak formally and at length",
"word": "tale om"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "write or speak formally and at length",
"word": "käsitellä"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "write or speak formally and at length",
"word": "eine Rede f halten"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "dialégomai",
"sense": "write or speak formally and at length",
"word": "διαλέγομαι"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "write or speak formally and at length",
"word": "disertar"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "diskutiram",
"sense": "to debate",
"word": "дискутирам"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to debate",
"word": "bespreken"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to debate",
"word": "väitellä"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"discourse"
],
"word": "discourse"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (82c8ff9 and f4967a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.