See certain in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “not doubting”",
"word": "uncertain"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “sure to happen”",
"word": "impossible"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “sure to happen”",
"word": "incidental"
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{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “known but not named”",
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"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "certain as death and taxes"
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{
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{
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{
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"tags": [
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{
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{
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"word": "certain person"
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{
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"tags": [
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"word": "certainty"
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"word": "of a certain"
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"word": "of a certain age"
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*krey-"
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{
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"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "certeyn"
},
"expansion": "Middle English certeyn",
"name": "inh"
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "certain"
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"expansion": "Old French certain",
"name": "der"
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "certus",
"4": "",
"5": "fixed, resolved, certain"
},
"expansion": "Latin certus (“fixed, resolved, certain”)",
"name": "der"
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{
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"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English",
"name": "cog"
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{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ġewiss",
"3": "",
"4": "certain, sure"
},
"expansion": "Old English ġewiss (“certain, sure”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English",
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}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English certeyn, certein, certain, borrowed from Old French certain, from a Vulgar Latin unattested form *certānus, extended form of Latin certus (“fixed, resolved, certain”), of the same origin as cretus, past participle of cernere (“to separate, perceive, decide”). Displaced native Middle English wis, iwis (“certain, sure”) (from Old English ġewiss (“certain, sure”)) and alternative Middle English spelling sertane (“some, certain”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more certain",
"tags": [
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},
{
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},
{
"form": "most certain",
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{
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}
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}
],
"hyphenation": [
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
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"source": "Thesaurus:certain",
"word": "intentional"
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{
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{
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"categories": [],
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{
"text": "I was certain of my decision.",
"type": "example"
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{
"ref": "1833, [Frederick Marryat], chapter VIII, in Peter Simple. […], volume III, London: Saunders and Otley, […], published 1834, →OCLC, page 113:",
"text": "[…] I think, nay, I may say that I'm sartain, we'll have a hurricane afore morning. It's not the first time I've cruised in these latitudes.",
"type": "quote"
}
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"Sure in one's mind, positive; absolutely confident in the truth of something."
],
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[
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"text": "Now that more experiments have been run, the theory is certain and the argument is settled.",
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"text": "[…]the dreame is certaine, and the interpretation thereof ſure.",
"type": "quote"
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"Not to be doubted or denied; established as a fact."
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"id": "en-certain-en-adj-PnFyxDCJ",
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"doubted",
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[
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[
"established",
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[
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{
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{
"text": "It is certain that Spain will reach the finals. / Spain is now certain to reach the finals. / Spain is now certain of a place in the finals.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Bankruptcy is the certain outcome of your constant gambling and lending.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1596–1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, The Second Part of Henrie the Fourth, […], quarto edition, London: […] V[alentine] S[immes] for Andrew Wise, and William Aspley, published 1600, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:",
"text": "[…]death (as the Pſalmiſt ſaith) is certaine to all, all ſhall die.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1675, John Dryden, Aureng-zebe: A Tragedy. […], London: […] T[homas] N[ewcomb] for Henry Herringman, […], published 1676, →OCLC, Act II, page 29:",
"text": "How vain is Virtue which directs our ways\n Through certain danger to uncertain praiſe!",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Sure to happen, inevitable; assured."
],
"id": "en-certain-en-adj-bzG7zBqv",
"links": [
[
"happen",
"happen"
],
[
"inevitable",
"inevitable"
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[
"assured",
"assured"
]
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{
"_dis1": "14 2 73 0 1 2 3 2 1 2",
"sense": "sure to happen",
"word": "unavoidable"
}
]
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{
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{
"ref": "1702, Richard Mead, Mechanical Account of Poisons:",
"text": "I have often wished, that I knew so certain a remedy in any other disease",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Unfailing; infallible."
],
"id": "en-certain-en-adj-TsDIZyQB",
"links": [
[
"infallible",
"infallible"
]
]
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{
"text": "at certain intervals",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Exodus 16:4, column 1:",
"text": "Then ſaid the Lord vnto Moſes, Behold, I will raine bread from heauen for you: and the people ſhall goe out, and gather a certaine rate euery day, that I may proue them, whether they will walke in my Law, or no.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Fixed; regular; determinate."
],
"id": "en-certain-en-adj-0lMbWAFe",
"links": [
[
"Fixed",
"fixed"
],
[
"regular",
"regular"
],
[
"determinate",
"determinate"
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]
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{
"text": "Every wine has a certain distinctive character which sets it apart from all others.",
"type": "example"
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{
"text": "Each morning, she would see a certain man rush past her window on his way to work.",
"type": "example"
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{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Luke 5:12, column 1:",
"text": "And it came to paſſe, when he was in a certaine citie[…]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1856 February, [Thomas Babington] Macaulay, “[Contributions to the Encyclopædia Britannica.] Oliver Goldsmith.”, in T[homas] F[lower] E[llis], editor, The Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches of Lord Macaulay, new edition, London: Longman, Green, Reader, & Dyer, published 1871, →OCLC, page 365:",
"text": "About everything that he wrote, serious or sportive, there was a certain natural grace and decorum[…]",
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],
"id": "en-certain-en-adj-e~cFtDKB",
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[
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[
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[
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"unspecified"
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[
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"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 13 3 2 4 16 21 14 4 6 3 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maltese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 14 3 2 6 16 22 14 3 3 2 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 13 3 2 4 16 21 14 4 6 3 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 13 3 2 4 17 21 14 4 6 3 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 14 3 3 4 16 23 15 3 3 2 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Occitan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 15 2 1 4 18 23 16 2 3 2 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Odia translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 15 1 0 8 18 20 13 7 3 3 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 14 3 3 4 16 20 14 4 4 3 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old High German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 14 1 0 2 16 33 16 1 1 1 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 12 3 4 5 15 20 14 4 7 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 11 2 4 11 13 24 12 4 5 3 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 13 3 2 4 16 21 14 4 6 3 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 14 2 1 4 18 24 17 2 3 2 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 12 2 4 4 14 26 13 4 5 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sardinian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 13 3 2 4 16 21 14 4 6 3 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 12 2 5 4 14 26 13 4 5 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 13 3 2 4 16 21 14 4 6 3 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sicilian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 11 2 5 4 14 26 13 4 5 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 12 2 4 4 14 26 13 4 5 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 14 2 0 4 18 23 17 2 3 2 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 15 2 1 4 18 23 16 2 3 2 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swahili translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 13 2 2 4 17 21 14 4 6 3 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 14 2 1 4 17 22 15 4 5 3 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Telugu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 14 2 1 4 18 24 17 2 3 2 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tetum translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 11 2 5 4 14 26 13 4 5 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 14 2 2 4 16 21 14 4 6 3 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 13 3 2 4 16 21 14 4 6 3 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 15 1 0 5 19 23 16 2 2 2 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Venetan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 12 2 4 4 14 26 13 4 5 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 14 3 2 4 17 22 15 3 4 2 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yiddish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 14 2 1 4 18 24 17 2 3 2 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Zazaki translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I would have been here on time, but a certain someone lost the car keys!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to denote that the speaker is referring to a specific person or thing that they do not want to name directly, implying that the listener should infer the identity of the referent."
],
"id": "en-certain-en-adj-u8prY8gR",
"links": [
[
"infer",
"infer#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "preceded by \"a\"",
"raw_glosses": [
"(euphemistic, preceded by \"a\") Used to denote that the speaker is referring to a specific person or thing that they do not want to name directly, implying that the listener should infer the identity of the referent."
],
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 7 1 3 1 6 64 9 6 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "in reference to a specific person or thing that the speaker does not want to name directly",
"word": "certa"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 7 1 3 1 6 64 9 6 1",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "bō-",
"sense": "in reference to a specific person or thing that the speaker does not want to name directly",
"word": "某"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 13 3 1 5 17 20 15 4 4 4 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English determiners",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 14 2 1 10 17 21 14 3 2 2 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 13 2 1 4 16 21 15 3 3 3 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 12 3 1 4 23 20 14 3 4 3 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 16 2 1 3 14 18 13 2 2 2 11 2 2 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 13 1 0 2 16 19 14 1 2 1 13 2 1 8 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 15 5 4 6 14 18 12 4 5 3 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 13 3 2 4 17 21 14 4 6 3 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 14 2 1 3 19 22 15 3 4 2 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 13 3 2 4 17 21 14 4 6 3 12",
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"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 13 3 2 4 17 21 14 4 6 3 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 15 1 0 8 18 20 13 7 3 3 10",
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"name": "Terms with Old English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 13 2 2 4 17 21 14 4 6 3 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 15 1 0 5 19 23 16 2 2 2 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Venetan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Looking inside the cover, they learned that the book had once belonged to a certain R. Jones.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1972, Burton Pasternak, “Kinship”, in Kinship & Community in Two Chinese Villages, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 75–76:",
"text": "About 140 years ago, for example, a certain Hsü Kuang-ming established an ancestral estate in Wanluan consisting of ten hectares. The trust was specifically set aside to provide for his own worship after death, and access to its profits was to be enjoyed only by his descendants.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Named but not previously mentioned."
],
"id": "en-certain-en-adj-ATJiBURn",
"links": [
[
"Named",
"named"
],
[
"mention",
"mention"
]
],
"qualifier": "preceded by \"a\"",
"raw_glosses": [
"(preceded by \"a\", of a person) Named but not previously mentioned."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a person"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "one"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 20 4 1 4 8 20 29 8 4",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "baʕḍ",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "بَعْض"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 20 4 1 4 8 20 29 8 4",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "müəyyən"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 20 4 1 4 8 20 29 8 4",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "jakísʹci",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "які́сьці"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 20 4 1 4 8 20 29 8 4",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "njéjki",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "не́йкі"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 20 4 1 4 8 20 29 8 4",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "jakísʹ",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "які́сь"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 20 4 1 4 8 20 29 8 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "njakakǎv",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "някакъв"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 20 4 1 4 8 20 29 8 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "njakoj si",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "някой си"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 20 4 1 4 8 20 29 8 4",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "cert"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 20 4 1 4 8 20 29 8 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yǒu de",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "有的"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 20 4 1 4 8 20 29 8 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "mǒu",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "某"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 20 4 1 4 8 20 29 8 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "nějaký"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 20 4 1 4 8 20 29 8 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "zekere"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 20 4 1 4 8 20 29 8 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "bepaalde"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 20 4 1 4 8 20 29 8 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "eräs"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 20 4 1 4 8 20 29 8 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "yksi"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 20 4 1 4 8 20 29 8 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "certain"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 20 4 1 4 8 20 29 8 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "quelconque"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 20 4 1 4 8 20 29 8 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "gewiss"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 20 4 1 4 8 20 29 8 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "irgendein"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 20 4 1 4 8 20 29 8 4",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "tis",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "τις"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 20 4 1 4 8 20 29 8 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "bizonyos"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 20 4 1 4 8 20 29 8 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "egyes"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 20 4 1 4 8 20 29 8 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "némely"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 20 4 1 4 8 20 29 8 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "egyfajta"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 20 4 1 4 8 20 29 8 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "egynémely"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 20 4 1 4 8 20 29 8 4",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "certena"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 20 4 1 4 8 20 29 8 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "certo"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 20 4 1 4 8 20 29 8 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "tale"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 20 4 1 4 8 20 29 8 4",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "aru",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "ある"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 20 4 1 4 8 20 29 8 4",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "eoneu",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "어느"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 20 4 1 4 8 20 29 8 4",
"alt": "特定",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "teukjeong",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "특정"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 20 4 1 4 8 20 29 8 4",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "quīdam"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 20 4 1 4 8 20 29 8 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "jakiś"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 20 4 1 4 8 20 29 8 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "niejaki"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 20 4 1 4 8 20 29 8 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nékotoryj",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "не́который"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 20 4 1 4 8 20 29 8 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kakój-to",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "како́й-то"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 20 4 1 4 8 20 29 8 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nékij",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "не́кий"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 20 4 1 4 8 20 29 8 4",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "nejaký"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 20 4 1 4 8 20 29 8 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "cierto"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 20 4 1 4 8 20 29 8 4",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "fulani"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 20 4 1 4 8 20 29 8 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "malum"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 20 4 1 4 8 20 29 8 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "bazı"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 20 4 1 4 8 20 29 8 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "belli başlı"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 20 4 1 4 8 20 29 8 4",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "jakýjsʹ",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "яки́йсь"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 20 4 1 4 8 20 29 8 4",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kotrýjsʹ",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "котри́йсь"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 20 4 1 4 8 20 29 8 4",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "déjakyj",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "де́який"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 20 4 1 4 8 20 29 8 4",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "gevis",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "געוויס"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 20 4 1 4 8 20 29 8 4",
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "delil"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 8 4 3 4 18 21 9 14 4 4 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English adjectives commonly used as postmodifiers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Since the last British government to make such a proposal was that of a certain Margaret Thatcher, it might not seem unreasonable.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used before the name of someone famous that people are expected to know."
],
"id": "en-certain-en-adj-lrQAOj7l",
"qualifier": "preceded by \"a\"",
"raw_glosses": [
"(preceded by \"a\", of a person) Used before the name of someone famous that people are expected to know."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a person"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "one"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1667, John Milton, “Book VIII”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 952–953:",
"text": "However I with thee have fixt my Lot,\n Certain to undergoe like doom[…]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Determined; resolved."
],
"id": "en-certain-en-adj-hU3PtFfj",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Determined; resolved."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɜːtn̩/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɝtn̩/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɝʔn̩/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɝtən/",
"tags": [
"Canada"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɝtn̩/",
"tags": [
"Canada"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɝʔn̩/",
"tags": [
"Canada"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-ca-certain.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/En-ca-certain.ogg/En-ca-certain.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/En-ca-certain.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-certain.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fe/En-us-certain.ogg/En-us-certain.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/En-us-certain.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)tən"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "certaine"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "certayne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "certeine"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:certain",
"word": "assured"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:certain",
"word": "certain"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:certain",
"word": "clear"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:certain",
"word": "confident"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:certain",
"word": "definite"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:certain",
"word": "doubtless"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:certain",
"word": "positive"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:certain",
"word": "sicker"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:certain",
"word": "sure"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:certain",
"word": "unambiguous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:certain",
"word": "unequivocal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:certain",
"word": "univocal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:certain",
"word": "unwavering"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:certain",
"word": "wis"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔakīd",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "أَكِيد"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "ar",
"english": "said of a person",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "mutaʔakkid",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "مُتَأَكِّد"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "hastatun",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "հաստատուն"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "ciertu"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "əmin"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "upéŭnjeny",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "упэ́ўнены"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "péŭny",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "пэ́ўны"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "síguren",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "си́гурен"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "uvéren",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "уве́рен"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "cert"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "ccc",
"lang": "Chamicuro",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "akachelo'ta"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "kěndìng",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "肯定"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "quèqiè",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "確切 /确切"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yīdìng",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "一定"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "jistý"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "sikker"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "zeker"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "certa"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "varma"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "certain"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "ciert"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "sigûr"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "positîv"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ueč̣veli",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "უეჭველი"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "udavo",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "უდავო"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "gewiss"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "sicher"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "vévaios",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "βέβαιος"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "émpedos",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "ἔμπεδος"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "biztos"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "bizonyos"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "viss"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "öruggur"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "certa"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "cinnte"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "dearfa"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "deimhin"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "ist",
"lang": "Istriot",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "sierto"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "certo"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "sicuro"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"alt": "たしか",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tashika",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "確か"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"alt": "いってい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ittei",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "一定"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"alt": "さだか",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sadaka",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "定か"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"alt": "とくていの",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tokutei no",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "特定の"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "cĕəklĕək",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "ជាក់លាក់"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "hwaksilhada",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "확실하다"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "lld",
"lang": "Ladin",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "cert"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "lld",
"lang": "Ladin",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "cërt"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "certus"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "fidus"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "siguren",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "сигурен"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "uveren",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "уверен"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "ċert"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "taketake"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "sikker"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "viss"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "cèrt"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "or",
"lang": "Odia",
"roman": "nirddishṭa",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦିଷ୍ଟ"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "gewiss"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "goh",
"lang": "Old High German",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "giwis"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "wess"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "pewny"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "certo"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "cert"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "anume"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "sigur"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "uvérennyj",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "уве́ренный"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "of a fact",
"roman": "opredeljónnyj",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "определённый"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "certu"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "tzertu"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "tzeltu"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "cinnteach"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "deimhinne"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "sȉgūran"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "си̏гӯран"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "у̀верен"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "sȉgūran"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "ùveren"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "certu"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "istý"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "gotov"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "(estar) cierto"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "seguro"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "determinado"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "que se sabe que"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"noun"
],
"word": "certeza"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "certitud"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "certidumbre"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "säker"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "tet",
"lang": "Tetum",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "tebes"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "nɛ̂ɛ-nɔɔn",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "แน่นอน"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "kesin"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "emin"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "upévnenyj",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "упе́внений"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pévnyj",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "пе́вний"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetan",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "çerto"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetan",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "serto"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetan",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "certo"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "chắc chắn"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "zikher",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "זיכער"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "emel"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 13 27 1 1 3 10 14 2 2",
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "qeta"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"certain"
],
"word": "certain"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*krey-"
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"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
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"2": "enm",
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},
"expansion": "Middle English certeyn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "Old French certain",
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},
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin",
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},
{
"args": {
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},
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "Middle English",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
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"4": "certain, sure"
},
"expansion": "Old English ġewiss (“certain, sure”)",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English certeyn, certein, certain, borrowed from Old French certain, from a Vulgar Latin unattested form *certānus, extended form of Latin certus (“fixed, resolved, certain”), of the same origin as cretus, past participle of cernere (“to separate, perceive, decide”). Displaced native Middle English wis, iwis (“certain, sure”) (from Old English ġewiss (“certain, sure”)) and alternative Middle English spelling sertane (“some, certain”).",
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"expansion": "certain",
"name": "en-det"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cer‧tain"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "det",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Certain people are good at running.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter V, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC, page 26:",
"text": "One saint's day in mid-term a certain newly-appointed suffragan-bishop came to the school chapel, and there preached on “The Inner Life.”",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having been determined but not specified."
],
"id": "en-certain-en-det-YyuC2Mj9",
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "muḥaddad",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "مُحَدَّد"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "njéjki",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "не́йкі"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "opredelen",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "определен"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "cert"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "mǒu",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "某"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yǒude",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "有的"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "jistý"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "určitý"
},
{
"code": "dlm",
"lang": "Dalmatian",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "ciart"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "vis"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "vist"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "visse"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "certa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "tietty"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "muuan"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "eräät"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "certain"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "certo"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "garḳveuli",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "გარკვეული"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "bestimmt"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "gewiss"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "bizonyos"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "egyes"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "némely"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ákveðinn"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "viss"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "determinato"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "aru",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "ある"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "toaru",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "とある"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "quīdam"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "viss"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "visst"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "visse"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "enkelte"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "certo"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "anumit"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nékotoryj",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "не́который"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "opredeljónnyj",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "определённый"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nékij",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "не́кий"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "òdrēđen"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "nȅkī"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cierto"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cierta"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "viss"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "visst"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "vissa"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "belli"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "malum"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "belirli"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "muayyen"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pévnyj",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "пе́вний"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "déjakyj",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "де́який"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "gevis",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "געוויס"
},
{
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "beyan"
},
{
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "delil"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɜːtn̩/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɝtn̩/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɝʔn̩/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɝtən/",
"tags": [
"Canada"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɝtn̩/",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɝʔn̩/",
"tags": [
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]
},
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"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)tən"
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],
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "certaine"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "certayne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "certeine"
}
],
"word": "certain"
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{
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"expansion": "",
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{
"args": {
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"2": "enm",
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"expansion": "Middle English certeyn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"expansion": "Old French certain",
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{
"args": {
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"expansion": "Vulgar Latin",
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{
"args": {
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"expansion": "Old English ġewiss (“certain, sure”)",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English certeyn, certein, certain, borrowed from Old French certain, from a Vulgar Latin unattested form *certānus, extended form of Latin certus (“fixed, resolved, certain”), of the same origin as cretus, past participle of cernere (“to separate, perceive, decide”). Displaced native Middle English wis, iwis (“certain, sure”) (from Old English ġewiss (“certain, sure”)) and alternative Middle English spelling sertane (“some, certain”).",
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"20": "",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
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"expansion": "certain",
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"args": {},
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"hyphenation": [
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"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "pron",
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"type": "example"
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{
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"text": "[…]certaine of the Jewes banded together[…]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
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],
"id": "en-certain-en-pron-UJUDfY~9",
"raw_glosses": [
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],
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"tags": [
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}
],
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"tags": [
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{
"ipa": "/ˈsɝtn̩/",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
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"tags": [
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]
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{
"ipa": "/ˈsɝtən/",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɝtn̩/",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
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"sense": "antonym(s) of “sure to happen”",
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{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “known but not named”",
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],
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"Terms with Dutch translations",
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"Terms with Istriot translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
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"Terms with Korean translations",
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"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sardinian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Sicilian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swahili translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Telugu translations",
"Terms with Tetum translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Venetan translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations",
"Terms with Zazaki translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "certain as death and taxes"
},
{
"word": "certain as death or taxes"
},
{
"word": "certain event"
},
{
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "certainly"
},
{
"word": "certainness"
},
{
"word": "certain person"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "certainty"
},
{
"word": "for certain"
},
{
"word": "make certain"
},
{
"word": "noncertain"
},
{
"word": "of a certain"
},
{
"word": "of a certain age"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*krey-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "certeyn"
},
"expansion": "Middle English certeyn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "certain"
},
"expansion": "Old French certain",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "certus",
"4": "",
"5": "fixed, resolved, certain"
},
"expansion": "Latin certus (“fixed, resolved, certain”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ġewiss",
"3": "",
"4": "certain, sure"
},
"expansion": "Old English ġewiss (“certain, sure”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English certeyn, certein, certain, borrowed from Old French certain, from a Vulgar Latin unattested form *certānus, extended form of Latin certus (“fixed, resolved, certain”), of the same origin as cretus, past participle of cernere (“to separate, perceive, decide”). Displaced native Middle English wis, iwis (“certain, sure”) (from Old English ġewiss (“certain, sure”)) and alternative Middle English spelling sertane (“some, certain”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more certain",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "certainer",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most certain",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "certainest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "more",
"2": "er"
},
"expansion": "certain (comparative more certain or certainer, superlative most certain or certainest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cer‧tain"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:certain",
"word": "intentional"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:certain",
"word": "irrefutable"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:certain",
"word": "fated"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I was certain of my decision.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1833, [Frederick Marryat], chapter VIII, in Peter Simple. […], volume III, London: Saunders and Otley, […], published 1834, →OCLC, page 113:",
"text": "[…] I think, nay, I may say that I'm sartain, we'll have a hurricane afore morning. It's not the first time I've cruised in these latitudes.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Sure in one's mind, positive; absolutely confident in the truth of something."
],
"links": [
[
"Sure",
"sure"
],
[
"positive",
"positive"
],
[
"confident",
"confident"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "certain"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Now that more experiments have been run, the theory is certain and the argument is settled.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Daniel 2:45, column 1:",
"text": "[…]the dreame is certaine, and the interpretation thereof ſure.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Not to be doubted or denied; established as a fact."
],
"links": [
[
"doubted",
"doubted"
],
[
"denied",
"denied"
],
[
"established",
"established"
],
[
"fact",
"fact"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "It is certain that Spain will reach the finals. / Spain is now certain to reach the finals. / Spain is now certain of a place in the finals.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Bankruptcy is the certain outcome of your constant gambling and lending.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1596–1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, The Second Part of Henrie the Fourth, […], quarto edition, London: […] V[alentine] S[immes] for Andrew Wise, and William Aspley, published 1600, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:",
"text": "[…]death (as the Pſalmiſt ſaith) is certaine to all, all ſhall die.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1675, John Dryden, Aureng-zebe: A Tragedy. […], London: […] T[homas] N[ewcomb] for Henry Herringman, […], published 1676, →OCLC, Act II, page 29:",
"text": "How vain is Virtue which directs our ways\n Through certain danger to uncertain praiſe!",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Sure to happen, inevitable; assured."
],
"links": [
[
"happen",
"happen"
],
[
"inevitable",
"inevitable"
],
[
"assured",
"assured"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1702, Richard Mead, Mechanical Account of Poisons:",
"text": "I have often wished, that I knew so certain a remedy in any other disease",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Unfailing; infallible."
],
"links": [
[
"infallible",
"infallible"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with collocations",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "at certain intervals",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Exodus 16:4, column 1:",
"text": "Then ſaid the Lord vnto Moſes, Behold, I will raine bread from heauen for you: and the people ſhall goe out, and gather a certaine rate euery day, that I may proue them, whether they will walke in my Law, or no.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Fixed; regular; determinate."
],
"links": [
[
"Fixed",
"fixed"
],
[
"regular",
"regular"
],
[
"determinate",
"determinate"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Every wine has a certain distinctive character which sets it apart from all others.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Each morning, she would see a certain man rush past her window on his way to work.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Luke 5:12, column 1:",
"text": "And it came to paſſe, when he was in a certaine citie[…]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1856 February, [Thomas Babington] Macaulay, “[Contributions to the Encyclopædia Britannica.] Oliver Goldsmith.”, in T[homas] F[lower] E[llis], editor, The Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches of Lord Macaulay, new edition, London: Longman, Green, Reader, & Dyer, published 1871, →OCLC, page 365:",
"text": "About everything that he wrote, serious or sportive, there was a certain natural grace and decorum[…]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Particular and definite, but unspecified or unnamed; used to introduce someone or something without going into further detail."
],
"links": [
[
"Particular",
"particular"
],
[
"definite",
"definite"
],
[
"unspecified",
"unspecified"
],
[
"unnamed",
"unnamed"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English euphemisms",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I would have been here on time, but a certain someone lost the car keys!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to denote that the speaker is referring to a specific person or thing that they do not want to name directly, implying that the listener should infer the identity of the referent."
],
"links": [
[
"infer",
"infer#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "preceded by \"a\"",
"raw_glosses": [
"(euphemistic, preceded by \"a\") Used to denote that the speaker is referring to a specific person or thing that they do not want to name directly, implying that the listener should infer the identity of the referent."
],
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Looking inside the cover, they learned that the book had once belonged to a certain R. Jones.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1972, Burton Pasternak, “Kinship”, in Kinship & Community in Two Chinese Villages, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 75–76:",
"text": "About 140 years ago, for example, a certain Hsü Kuang-ming established an ancestral estate in Wanluan consisting of ten hectares. The trust was specifically set aside to provide for his own worship after death, and access to its profits was to be enjoyed only by his descendants.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Named but not previously mentioned."
],
"links": [
[
"Named",
"named"
],
[
"mention",
"mention"
]
],
"qualifier": "preceded by \"a\"",
"raw_glosses": [
"(preceded by \"a\", of a person) Named but not previously mentioned."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a person"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "one"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Since the last British government to make such a proposal was that of a certain Margaret Thatcher, it might not seem unreasonable.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used before the name of someone famous that people are expected to know."
],
"qualifier": "preceded by \"a\"",
"raw_glosses": [
"(preceded by \"a\", of a person) Used before the name of someone famous that people are expected to know."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a person"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "one"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1667, John Milton, “Book VIII”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 952–953:",
"text": "However I with thee have fixt my Lot,\n Certain to undergoe like doom[…]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Determined; resolved."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Determined; resolved."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɜːtn̩/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɝtn̩/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɝʔn̩/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɝtən/",
"tags": [
"Canada"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɝtn̩/",
"tags": [
"Canada"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɝʔn̩/",
"tags": [
"Canada"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-ca-certain.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/En-ca-certain.ogg/En-ca-certain.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/En-ca-certain.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-certain.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fe/En-us-certain.ogg/En-us-certain.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/En-us-certain.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)tən"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "sure to happen",
"word": "unavoidable"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "certaine"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "certayne"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "certeine"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:certain",
"word": "assured"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:certain",
"word": "certain"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:certain",
"word": "clear"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:certain",
"word": "confident"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:certain",
"word": "definite"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:certain",
"word": "doubtless"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:certain",
"word": "positive"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:certain",
"word": "sicker"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:certain",
"word": "sure"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:certain",
"word": "unambiguous"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:certain",
"word": "unequivocal"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:certain",
"word": "univocal"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:certain",
"word": "unwavering"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:certain",
"word": "wis"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔakīd",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "أَكِيد"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"english": "said of a person",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "mutaʔakkid",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "مُتَأَكِّد"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "hastatun",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "հաստատուն"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "ciertu"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "əmin"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "upéŭnjeny",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "упэ́ўнены"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "péŭny",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "пэ́ўны"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "síguren",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "си́гурен"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "uvéren",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "уве́рен"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "cert"
},
{
"code": "ccc",
"lang": "Chamicuro",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "akachelo'ta"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "kěndìng",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "肯定"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "quèqiè",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "確切 /确切"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yīdìng",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "一定"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "jistý"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "sikker"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "zeker"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "certa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "varma"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "certain"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "ciert"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "sigûr"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "positîv"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ueč̣veli",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "უეჭველი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "udavo",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "უდავო"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "gewiss"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "sicher"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "vévaios",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "βέβαιος"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "émpedos",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "ἔμπεδος"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "biztos"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "bizonyos"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "viss"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "öruggur"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "certa"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "cinnte"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "dearfa"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "deimhin"
},
{
"code": "ist",
"lang": "Istriot",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "sierto"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "certo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "sicuro"
},
{
"alt": "たしか",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tashika",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "確か"
},
{
"alt": "いってい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ittei",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "一定"
},
{
"alt": "さだか",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sadaka",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "定か"
},
{
"alt": "とくていの",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tokutei no",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "特定の"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "cĕəklĕək",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "ជាក់លាក់"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "hwaksilhada",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "확실하다"
},
{
"code": "lld",
"lang": "Ladin",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "cert"
},
{
"code": "lld",
"lang": "Ladin",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "cërt"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "certus"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "fidus"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "siguren",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "сигурен"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "uveren",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "уверен"
},
{
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "ċert"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "taketake"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "sikker"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "viss"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "cèrt"
},
{
"code": "or",
"lang": "Odia",
"roman": "nirddishṭa",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦିଷ୍ଟ"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "gewiss"
},
{
"code": "goh",
"lang": "Old High German",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "giwis"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "wess"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "pewny"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "certo"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "cert"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "anume"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "sigur"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "uvérennyj",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "уве́ренный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "of a fact",
"roman": "opredeljónnyj",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "определённый"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "certu"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "tzertu"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "tzeltu"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "cinnteach"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "deimhinne"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "sȉgūran"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "си̏гӯран"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "у̀верен"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "sȉgūran"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "ùveren"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "certu"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "istý"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "gotov"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "(estar) cierto"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "seguro"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "determinado"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "que se sabe que"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"noun"
],
"word": "certeza"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "certitud"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "certidumbre"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "säker"
},
{
"code": "tet",
"lang": "Tetum",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "tebes"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "nɛ̂ɛ-nɔɔn",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "แน่นอน"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "kesin"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "emin"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "upévnenyj",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "упе́внений"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pévnyj",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "пе́вний"
},
{
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetan",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "çerto"
},
{
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetan",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "serto"
},
{
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetan",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "certo"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "chắc chắn"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "zikher",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "זיכער"
},
{
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "emel"
},
{
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "sure, positive, not doubting",
"word": "qeta"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "baʕḍ",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "بَعْض"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "müəyyən"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "jakísʹci",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "які́сьці"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "njéjki",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "не́йкі"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "jakísʹ",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "які́сь"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "njakakǎv",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "някакъв"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "njakoj si",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "някой си"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "cert"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yǒu de",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "有的"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "mǒu",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "某"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "nějaký"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "zekere"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "bepaalde"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "eräs"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "yksi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "certain"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "quelconque"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "gewiss"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "irgendein"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "tis",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "τις"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "bizonyos"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "egyes"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "némely"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "egyfajta"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "egynémely"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "certena"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "certo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "tale"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "aru",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "ある"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "eoneu",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "어느"
},
{
"alt": "特定",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "teukjeong",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "특정"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "quīdam"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "jakiś"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "niejaki"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nékotoryj",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "не́который"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kakój-to",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "како́й-то"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nékij",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "не́кий"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "nejaký"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "cierto"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "fulani"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "malum"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "bazı"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "belli başlı"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "jakýjsʹ",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "яки́йсь"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kotrýjsʹ",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "котри́йсь"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "déjakyj",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "де́який"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "gevis",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "געוויס"
},
{
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite",
"word": "delil"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "in reference to a specific person or thing that the speaker does not want to name directly",
"word": "certa"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "bō-",
"sense": "in reference to a specific person or thing that the speaker does not want to name directly",
"word": "某"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"certain"
],
"word": "certain"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English adjectives commonly used as postmodifiers",
"English determiners",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English positive polarity items",
"English pronouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *krey-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Ido translations",
"Requests for review of Indonesian translations",
"Requests for review of Telugu translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)tən",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)tən/2 syllables",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Chamicuro translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dalmatian translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Friulian translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Istriot translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Ladin translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Maltese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Odia translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Old High German translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sardinian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Sicilian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swahili translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Telugu translations",
"Terms with Tetum translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Venetan translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations",
"Terms with Zazaki translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*krey-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "certeyn"
},
"expansion": "Middle English certeyn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "certain"
},
"expansion": "Old French certain",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "certus",
"4": "",
"5": "fixed, resolved, certain"
},
"expansion": "Latin certus (“fixed, resolved, certain”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ġewiss",
"3": "",
"4": "certain, sure"
},
"expansion": "Old English ġewiss (“certain, sure”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English certeyn, certein, certain, borrowed from Old French certain, from a Vulgar Latin unattested form *certānus, extended form of Latin certus (“fixed, resolved, certain”), of the same origin as cretus, past participle of cernere (“to separate, perceive, decide”). Displaced native Middle English wis, iwis (“certain, sure”) (from Old English ġewiss (“certain, sure”)) and alternative Middle English spelling sertane (“some, certain”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "determiner",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "certain",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "certain",
"name": "en-det"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cer‧tain"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "det",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Certain people are good at running.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter V, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC, page 26:",
"text": "One saint's day in mid-term a certain newly-appointed suffragan-bishop came to the school chapel, and there preached on “The Inner Life.”",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having been determined but not specified."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɜːtn̩/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɝtn̩/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɝʔn̩/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɝtən/",
"tags": [
"Canada"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɝtn̩/",
"tags": [
"Canada"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɝʔn̩/",
"tags": [
"Canada"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-ca-certain.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/En-ca-certain.ogg/En-ca-certain.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/En-ca-certain.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-certain.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fe/En-us-certain.ogg/En-us-certain.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/En-us-certain.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)tən"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "certaine"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "certayne"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "certeine"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "muḥaddad",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "مُحَدَّد"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "njéjki",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "не́йкі"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "opredelen",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "определен"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "cert"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "mǒu",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "某"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yǒude",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "有的"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "jistý"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "určitý"
},
{
"code": "dlm",
"lang": "Dalmatian",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "ciart"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "vis"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "vist"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "visse"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "certa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "tietty"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "muuan"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "eräät"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "certain"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "certo"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "garḳveuli",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "გარკვეული"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "bestimmt"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "gewiss"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "bizonyos"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "egyes"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "némely"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ákveðinn"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "viss"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "determinato"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "aru",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "ある"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "toaru",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "とある"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "quīdam"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "viss"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "visst"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "visse"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "enkelte"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "certo"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "anumit"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nékotoryj",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "не́который"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "opredeljónnyj",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "определённый"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nékij",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "не́кий"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "òdrēđen"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "nȅkī"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cierto"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cierta"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "viss"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "visst"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "vissa"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "belli"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "malum"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "belirli"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "muayyen"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pévnyj",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "пе́вний"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "déjakyj",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "де́який"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "gevis",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "געוויס"
},
{
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "beyan"
},
{
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "having been determined but not specified",
"word": "delil"
}
],
"word": "certain"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English adjectives commonly used as postmodifiers",
"English determiners",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English positive polarity items",
"English pronouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *krey-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Ido translations",
"Requests for review of Indonesian translations",
"Requests for review of Telugu translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)tən",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)tən/2 syllables",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Chamicuro translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dalmatian translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Friulian translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Istriot translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Ladin translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Maltese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Odia translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Old High German translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sardinian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Sicilian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swahili translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Telugu translations",
"Terms with Tetum translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Venetan translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations",
"Terms with Zazaki translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*krey-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "certeyn"
},
"expansion": "Middle English certeyn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "certain"
},
"expansion": "Old French certain",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "certus",
"4": "",
"5": "fixed, resolved, certain"
},
"expansion": "Latin certus (“fixed, resolved, certain”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ġewiss",
"3": "",
"4": "certain, sure"
},
"expansion": "Old English ġewiss (“certain, sure”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English certeyn, certein, certain, borrowed from Old French certain, from a Vulgar Latin unattested form *certānus, extended form of Latin certus (“fixed, resolved, certain”), of the same origin as cretus, past participle of cernere (“to separate, perceive, decide”). Displaced native Middle English wis, iwis (“certain, sure”) (from Old English ġewiss (“certain, sure”)) and alternative Middle English spelling sertane (“some, certain”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"19": "",
"2": "pronoun",
"20": "",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "certain",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "certain",
"name": "en-pron"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cer‧tain"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "She mentioned a series of contracts, of which certain are not cited.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Acts 23:12, column 2:",
"text": "[…]certaine of the Jewes banded together[…]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Unnamed or undescribed members (of)."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with of) Unnamed or undescribed members (of)."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "some#Pronoun"
}
],
"tags": [
"with-of"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɜːtn̩/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɝtn̩/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɝʔn̩/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɝtən/",
"tags": [
"Canada"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɝtn̩/",
"tags": [
"Canada"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɝʔn̩/",
"tags": [
"Canada"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-ca-certain.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/En-ca-certain.ogg/En-ca-certain.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/En-ca-certain.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-certain.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fe/En-us-certain.ogg/En-us-certain.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/En-us-certain.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)tən"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "certaine"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "certayne"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "certeine"
}
],
"word": "certain"
}
Download raw JSONL data for certain meaning in English (51.1kB)
{
"called_from": "translations/324",
"msg": "possible sense number in translation item: Ido: __IGNORE__ (1), __IGNORE__ (2)",
"path": [
"certain"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "certain",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "certain/English/adj: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {\"antonyms\": [{\"sense\": \"antonym(s) of “not doubting”\", \"word\": \"uncertain\"}, {\"sense\": \"antonym(s) of “sure to happen”\", \"word\": \"impossible\"}, {\"sense\": \"antonym(s) of “sure to happen”\", \"word\": \"incidental\"}, {\"sense\": \"antonym(s) of “known but not named”\", \"word\": \"particular specific\"}], \"categories\": [\"English adjectives\", \"English adjectives commonly used as postmodifiers\", \"English determiners\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English positive polarity items\", \"English pronouns\", \"English terms derived from Latin\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old French\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Vulgar Latin\", \"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *krey-\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 3 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for review of Ido translations\", \"Requests for review of Indonesian translations\", \"Requests for review of Telugu translations\", \"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)tən\", \"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)tən/2 syllables\", \"Terms with Ancient Greek translations\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Armenian translations\", \"Terms with Asturian translations\", \"Terms with Azerbaijani translations\", \"Terms with Belarusian translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Chamicuro translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Dalmatian translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Friulian translations\", \"Terms with Galician translations\", \"Terms with Georgian translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Ido translations\", \"Terms with Indonesian translations\", \"Terms with Irish translations\", \"Terms with Istriot translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Khmer translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Ladin translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Maltese translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian translations\", \"Terms with Occitan translations\", \"Terms with Odia translations\", \"Terms with Old English translations\", \"Terms with Old High German translations\", \"Terms with Plautdietsch translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Sardinian translations\", \"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Sicilian translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swahili translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Telugu translations\", \"Terms with Tetum translations\", \"Terms with Thai translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with Venetan translations\", \"Terms with Vietnamese translations\", \"Terms with Yiddish translations\", \"Terms with Zazaki translations\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"certain as death and taxes\"}, {\"word\": \"certain as death or taxes\"}, {\"word\": \"certain event\"}, {\"tags\": [\"adverb\"], \"word\": \"certainly\"}, {\"word\": \"certainness\"}, {\"word\": \"certain person\"}, {\"tags\": [\"noun\"], \"word\": \"certainty\"}, {\"word\": \"for certain\"}, {\"word\": \"make certain\"}, {\"word\": \"noncertain\"}, {\"word\": \"of a certain\"}, {\"word\": \"of a certain age\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*krey-\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"certeyn\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English certeyn\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"fro\", \"3\": \"certain\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old French certain\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"VL.\", \"3\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Vulgar Latin\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"la\", \"3\": \"certus\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"fixed, resolved, certain\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin certus (“fixed, resolved, certain”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ang\", \"2\": \"ġewiss\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"certain, sure\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English ġewiss (“certain, sure”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English certeyn, certein, certain, borrowed from Old French certain, from a Vulgar Latin unattested form *certānus, extended form of Latin certus (“fixed, resolved, certain”), of the same origin as cretus, past participle of cernere (“to separate, perceive, decide”). Displaced native Middle English wis, iwis (“certain, sure”) (from Old English ġewiss (“certain, sure”)) and alternative Middle English spelling sertane (“some, certain”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"more certain\", \"tags\": [\"comparative\"]}, {\"form\": \"certainer\", \"tags\": [\"comparative\"]}, {\"form\": \"most certain\", \"tags\": [\"superlative\"]}, {\"form\": \"certainest\", \"tags\": [\"superlative\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"more\", \"2\": \"er\"}, \"expansion\": \"certain (comparative more certain or certainer, superlative most certain or certainest)\", \"name\": \"en-adj\"}], \"hyphenation\": [\"cer‧tain\"], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"adj\", \"related\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:certain\", \"word\": \"intentional\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:certain\", \"word\": \"irrefutable\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:certain\", \"word\": \"fated\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I was certain of my decision.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1833, [Frederick Marryat], chapter VIII, in Peter Simple. […], volume III, London: Saunders and Otley, […], published 1834, →OCLC, page 113:\", \"text\": \"[…] I think, nay, I may say that I'm sartain, we'll have a hurricane afore morning. It's not the first time I've cruised in these latitudes.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Sure in one's mind, positive; absolutely confident in the truth of something.\"], \"links\": [[\"Sure\", \"sure\"], [\"positive\", \"positive\"], [\"confident\", \"confident\"]], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"certain\"}]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Now that more experiments have been run, the theory is certain and the argument is settled.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Daniel 2:45, column 1:\", \"text\": \"[…]the dreame is certaine, and the interpretation thereof ſure.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Not to be doubted or denied; established as a fact.\"], \"links\": [[\"doubted\", \"doubted\"], [\"denied\", \"denied\"], [\"established\", \"established\"], [\"fact\", \"fact\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"It is certain that Spain will reach the finals. / Spain is now certain to reach the finals. / Spain is now certain of a place in the finals.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"Bankruptcy is the certain outcome of your constant gambling and lending.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"c. 1596–1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, The Second Part of Henrie the Fourth, […], quarto edition, London: […] V[alentine] S[immes] for Andrew Wise, and William Aspley, published 1600, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:\", \"text\": \"[…]death (as the Pſalmiſt ſaith) is certaine to all, all ſhall die.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1675, John Dryden, Aureng-zebe: A Tragedy. […], London: […] T[homas] N[ewcomb] for Henry Herringman, […], published 1676, →OCLC, Act II, page 29:\", \"text\": \"How vain is Virtue which directs our ways\\n Through certain danger to uncertain praiſe!\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Sure to happen, inevitable; assured.\"], \"links\": [[\"happen\", \"happen\"], [\"inevitable\", \"inevitable\"], [\"assured\", \"assured\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1702, Richard Mead, Mechanical Account of Poisons:\", \"text\": \"I have often wished, that I knew so certain a remedy in any other disease\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Unfailing; infallible.\"], \"links\": [[\"infallible\", \"infallible\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with collocations\", \"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"at certain intervals\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Exodus 16:4, column 1:\", \"text\": \"Then ſaid the Lord vnto Moſes, Behold, I will raine bread from heauen for you: and the people ſhall goe out, and gather a certaine rate euery day, that I may proue them, whether they will walke in my Law, or no.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Fixed; regular; determinate.\"], \"links\": [[\"Fixed\", \"fixed\"], [\"regular\", \"regular\"], [\"determinate\", \"determinate\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Every wine has a certain distinctive character which sets it apart from all others.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"Each morning, she would see a certain man rush past her window on his way to work.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Luke 5:12, column 1:\", \"text\": \"And it came to paſſe, when he was in a certaine citie[…]\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1856 February, [Thomas Babington] Macaulay, “[Contributions to the Encyclopædia Britannica.] Oliver Goldsmith.”, in T[homas] F[lower] E[llis], editor, The Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches of Lord Macaulay, new edition, London: Longman, Green, Reader, & Dyer, published 1871, →OCLC, page 365:\", \"text\": \"About everything that he wrote, serious or sportive, there was a certain natural grace and decorum[…]\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Particular and definite, but unspecified or unnamed; used to introduce someone or something without going into further detail.\"], \"links\": [[\"Particular\", \"particular\"], [\"definite\", \"definite\"], [\"unspecified\", \"unspecified\"], [\"unnamed\", \"unnamed\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English euphemisms\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I would have been here on time, but a certain someone lost the car keys!\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Used to denote that the speaker is referring to a specific person or thing that they do not want to name directly, implying that the listener should infer the identity of the referent.\"], \"links\": [[\"infer\", \"infer#English\"]], \"qualifier\": \"preceded by \\\"a\\\"\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(euphemistic, preceded by \\\"a\\\") Used to denote that the speaker is referring to a specific person or thing that they do not want to name directly, implying that the listener should infer the identity of the referent.\"], \"tags\": [\"euphemistic\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Looking inside the cover, they learned that the book had once belonged to a certain R. Jones.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1972, Burton Pasternak, “Kinship”, in Kinship & Community in Two Chinese Villages, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 75–76:\", \"text\": \"About 140 years ago, for example, a certain Hsü Kuang-ming established an ancestral estate in Wanluan consisting of ten hectares. The trust was specifically set aside to provide for his own worship after death, and access to its profits was to be enjoyed only by his descendants.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Named but not previously mentioned.\"], \"links\": [[\"Named\", \"named\"], [\"mention\", \"mention\"]], \"qualifier\": \"preceded by \\\"a\\\"\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(preceded by \\\"a\\\", of a person) Named but not previously mentioned.\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"of a person\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"one\"}]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Since the last British government to make such a proposal was that of a certain Margaret Thatcher, it might not seem unreasonable.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Used before the name of someone famous that people are expected to know.\"], \"qualifier\": \"preceded by \\\"a\\\"\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(preceded by \\\"a\\\", of a person) Used before the name of someone famous that people are expected to know.\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"of a person\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"one\"}]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with obsolete senses\", \"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1667, John Milton, “Book VIII”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 952–953:\", \"text\": \"However I with thee have fixt my Lot,\\n Certain to undergoe like doom[…]\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Determined; resolved.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete) Determined; resolved.\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ˈsɜːtn̩/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈsɝtn̩/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈsɝʔn̩/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈsɝtən/\", \"tags\": [\"Canada\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈsɝtn̩/\", \"tags\": [\"Canada\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈsɝʔn̩/\", \"tags\": [\"Canada\"]}, {\"audio\": \"En-ca-certain.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/En-ca-certain.ogg/En-ca-certain.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/En-ca-certain.ogg\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-certain.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fe/En-us-certain.ogg/En-us-certain.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/En-us-certain.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɜː(ɹ)tən\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"sense\": \"sure to happen\", \"word\": \"unavoidable\"}, {\"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"certaine\"}, {\"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"certayne\"}, {\"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"certeine\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:certain\", \"word\": \"assured\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:certain\", \"word\": \"certain\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:certain\", \"word\": \"clear\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:certain\", \"word\": \"confident\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:certain\", \"word\": \"definite\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:certain\", \"word\": \"doubtless\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:certain\", \"word\": \"positive\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:certain\", \"word\": \"sicker\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:certain\", \"word\": \"sure\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:certain\", \"word\": \"unambiguous\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:certain\", \"word\": \"unequivocal\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:certain\", \"word\": \"univocal\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:certain\", \"word\": \"unwavering\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:certain\", \"word\": \"wis\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ʔakīd\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"أَكِيد\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"english\": \"said of a person\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"mutaʔakkid\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"مُتَأَكِّد\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"hastatun\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"հաստատուն\"}, {\"code\": \"ast\", \"lang\": \"Asturian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"ciertu\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"əmin\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"upéŭnjeny\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"упэ́ўнены\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"péŭny\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"пэ́ўны\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"síguren\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"си́гурен\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"uvéren\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"уве́рен\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"cert\"}, {\"code\": \"ccc\", \"lang\": \"Chamicuro\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"akachelo'ta\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"kěndìng\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"肯定\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"quèqiè\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"確切 /确切\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yīdìng\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"一定\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"jistý\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"sikker\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"zeker\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"certa\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"varma\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"certain\"}, {\"code\": \"fur\", \"lang\": \"Friulian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"ciert\"}, {\"code\": \"fur\", \"lang\": \"Friulian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"sigûr\"}, {\"code\": \"fur\", \"lang\": \"Friulian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"positîv\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"ueč̣veli\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"უეჭველი\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"udavo\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"უდავო\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"gewiss\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"sicher\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"vévaios\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"βέβαιος\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"émpedos\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"ἔμπεδος\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"biztos\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"bizonyos\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"viss\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"öruggur\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"certa\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"cinnte\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"dearfa\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"deimhin\"}, {\"code\": \"ist\", \"lang\": \"Istriot\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"sierto\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"certo\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"sicuro\"}, {\"alt\": \"たしか\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"tashika\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"確か\"}, {\"alt\": \"いってい\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"ittei\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"一定\"}, {\"alt\": \"さだか\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"sadaka\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"定か\"}, {\"alt\": \"とくていの\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"tokutei no\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"特定の\"}, {\"code\": \"km\", \"lang\": \"Khmer\", \"roman\": \"cĕəklĕək\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"ជាក់លាក់\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"hwaksilhada\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"확실하다\"}, {\"code\": \"lld\", \"lang\": \"Ladin\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"cert\"}, {\"code\": \"lld\", \"lang\": \"Ladin\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"cërt\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"certus\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"fidus\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"siguren\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"сигурен\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"uveren\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"уверен\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"ċert\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"taketake\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"sikker\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"viss\"}, {\"code\": \"oc\", \"lang\": \"Occitan\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"cèrt\"}, {\"code\": \"or\", \"lang\": \"Odia\", \"roman\": \"nirddishṭa\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦିଷ୍ଟ\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"gewiss\"}, {\"code\": \"goh\", \"lang\": \"Old High German\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"giwis\"}, {\"code\": \"pdt\", \"lang\": \"Plautdietsch\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"wess\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"pewny\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"certo\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"cert\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"anume\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"sigur\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"uvérennyj\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"уве́ренный\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"note\": \"of a fact\", \"roman\": \"opredeljónnyj\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"определённый\"}, {\"code\": \"sc\", \"lang\": \"Sardinian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"certu\"}, {\"code\": \"sc\", \"lang\": \"Sardinian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"tzertu\"}, {\"code\": \"sc\", \"lang\": \"Sardinian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"tzeltu\"}, {\"code\": \"gd\", \"lang\": \"Scottish Gaelic\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"cinnteach\"}, {\"code\": \"gd\", \"lang\": \"Scottish Gaelic\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"deimhinne\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"sȉgūran\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\"], \"word\": \"си̏гӯран\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\"], \"word\": \"у̀верен\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\"], \"word\": \"sȉgūran\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\"], \"word\": \"ùveren\"}, {\"code\": \"scn\", \"lang\": \"Sicilian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"certu\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"istý\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"gotov\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"(estar) cierto\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"seguro\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"determinado\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"que se sabe que\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"noun\"], \"word\": \"certeza\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"certitud\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"certidumbre\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"säker\"}, {\"code\": \"tet\", \"lang\": \"Tetum\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"tebes\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"nɛ̂ɛ-nɔɔn\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"แน่นอน\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"kesin\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"emin\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"upévnenyj\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"упе́внений\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"pévnyj\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"пе́вний\"}, {\"code\": \"vec\", \"lang\": \"Venetan\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"çerto\"}, {\"code\": \"vec\", \"lang\": \"Venetan\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"serto\"}, {\"code\": \"vec\", \"lang\": \"Venetan\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"certo\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"chắc chắn\"}, {\"code\": \"yi\", \"lang\": \"Yiddish\", \"roman\": \"zikher\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"זיכער\"}, {\"code\": \"zza\", \"lang\": \"Zazaki\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"emel\"}, {\"code\": \"zza\", \"lang\": \"Zazaki\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"qeta\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"baʕḍ\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"بَعْض\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"müəyyən\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"jakísʹci\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"які́сьці\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"njéjki\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"не́йкі\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"jakísʹ\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"які́сь\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"njakakǎv\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"някакъв\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"njakoj si\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"някой си\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"cert\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yǒu de\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"有的\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"mǒu\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"某\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"nějaký\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"zekere\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"bepaalde\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"eräs\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"yksi\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"certain\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"quelconque\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"gewiss\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"irgendein\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"tis\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"τις\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"bizonyos\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"egyes\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"némely\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"egyfajta\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"egynémely\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"certena\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"certo\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"tale\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"aru\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"ある\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"eoneu\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"어느\"}, {\"alt\": \"特定\", \"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"teukjeong\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"특정\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"quīdam\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"jakiś\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"niejaki\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"nékotoryj\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"не́который\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"kakój-to\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"како́й-то\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"nékij\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"не́кий\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"nejaký\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"cierto\"}, {\"code\": \"sw\", \"lang\": \"Swahili\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"fulani\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"malum\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"bazı\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"belli başlı\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"jakýjsʹ\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"яки́йсь\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"kotrýjsʹ\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"котри́йсь\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"déjakyj\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"де́який\"}, {\"code\": \"yi\", \"lang\": \"Yiddish\", \"roman\": \"gevis\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"געוויס\"}, {\"code\": \"zza\", \"lang\": \"Zazaki\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"delil\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"in reference to a specific person or thing that the speaker does not want to name directly\", \"word\": \"certa\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"bō-\", \"sense\": \"in reference to a specific person or thing that the speaker does not want to name directly\", \"word\": \"某\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"certain\"], \"word\": \"certain\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "adj",
"title": "certain",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "certain/English/adj: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {\"antonyms\": [{\"sense\": \"antonym(s) of “not doubting”\", \"word\": \"uncertain\"}, {\"sense\": \"antonym(s) of “sure to happen”\", \"word\": \"impossible\"}, {\"sense\": \"antonym(s) of “sure to happen”\", \"word\": \"incidental\"}, {\"sense\": \"antonym(s) of “known but not named”\", \"word\": \"particular specific\"}], \"categories\": [\"English adjectives\", \"English adjectives commonly used as postmodifiers\", \"English determiners\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English positive polarity items\", \"English pronouns\", \"English terms derived from Latin\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old French\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Vulgar Latin\", \"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *krey-\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 3 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for review of Ido translations\", \"Requests for review of Indonesian translations\", \"Requests for review of Telugu translations\", \"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)tən\", \"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)tən/2 syllables\", \"Terms with Ancient Greek translations\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Armenian translations\", \"Terms with Asturian translations\", \"Terms with Azerbaijani translations\", \"Terms with Belarusian translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Chamicuro translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Dalmatian translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Friulian translations\", \"Terms with Galician translations\", \"Terms with Georgian translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Ido translations\", \"Terms with Indonesian translations\", \"Terms with Irish translations\", \"Terms with Istriot translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Khmer translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Ladin translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Maltese translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian translations\", \"Terms with Occitan translations\", \"Terms with Odia translations\", \"Terms with Old English translations\", \"Terms with Old High German translations\", \"Terms with Plautdietsch translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Sardinian translations\", \"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Sicilian translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swahili translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Telugu translations\", \"Terms with Tetum translations\", \"Terms with Thai translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with Venetan translations\", \"Terms with Vietnamese translations\", \"Terms with Yiddish translations\", \"Terms with Zazaki translations\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"certain as death and taxes\"}, {\"word\": \"certain as death or taxes\"}, {\"word\": \"certain event\"}, {\"tags\": [\"adverb\"], \"word\": \"certainly\"}, {\"word\": \"certainness\"}, {\"word\": \"certain person\"}, {\"tags\": [\"noun\"], \"word\": \"certainty\"}, {\"word\": \"for certain\"}, {\"word\": \"make certain\"}, {\"word\": \"noncertain\"}, {\"word\": \"of a certain\"}, {\"word\": \"of a certain age\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*krey-\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"certeyn\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English certeyn\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"fro\", \"3\": \"certain\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old French certain\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"VL.\", \"3\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Vulgar Latin\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"la\", \"3\": \"certus\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"fixed, resolved, certain\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin certus (“fixed, resolved, certain”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ang\", \"2\": \"ġewiss\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"certain, sure\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English ġewiss (“certain, sure”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English certeyn, certein, certain, borrowed from Old French certain, from a Vulgar Latin unattested form *certānus, extended form of Latin certus (“fixed, resolved, certain”), of the same origin as cretus, past participle of cernere (“to separate, perceive, decide”). Displaced native Middle English wis, iwis (“certain, sure”) (from Old English ġewiss (“certain, sure”)) and alternative Middle English spelling sertane (“some, certain”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"more certain\", \"tags\": [\"comparative\"]}, {\"form\": \"certainer\", \"tags\": [\"comparative\"]}, {\"form\": \"most certain\", \"tags\": [\"superlative\"]}, {\"form\": \"certainest\", \"tags\": [\"superlative\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"more\", \"2\": \"er\"}, \"expansion\": \"certain (comparative more certain or certainer, superlative most certain or certainest)\", \"name\": \"en-adj\"}], \"hyphenation\": [\"cer‧tain\"], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"adj\", \"related\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:certain\", \"word\": \"intentional\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:certain\", \"word\": \"irrefutable\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:certain\", \"word\": \"fated\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I was certain of my decision.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1833, [Frederick Marryat], chapter VIII, in Peter Simple. […], volume III, London: Saunders and Otley, […], published 1834, →OCLC, page 113:\", \"text\": \"[…] I think, nay, I may say that I'm sartain, we'll have a hurricane afore morning. It's not the first time I've cruised in these latitudes.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Sure in one's mind, positive; absolutely confident in the truth of something.\"], \"links\": [[\"Sure\", \"sure\"], [\"positive\", \"positive\"], [\"confident\", \"confident\"]], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"certain\"}]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Now that more experiments have been run, the theory is certain and the argument is settled.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Daniel 2:45, column 1:\", \"text\": \"[…]the dreame is certaine, and the interpretation thereof ſure.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Not to be doubted or denied; established as a fact.\"], \"links\": [[\"doubted\", \"doubted\"], [\"denied\", \"denied\"], [\"established\", \"established\"], [\"fact\", \"fact\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"It is certain that Spain will reach the finals. / Spain is now certain to reach the finals. / Spain is now certain of a place in the finals.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"Bankruptcy is the certain outcome of your constant gambling and lending.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"c. 1596–1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, The Second Part of Henrie the Fourth, […], quarto edition, London: […] V[alentine] S[immes] for Andrew Wise, and William Aspley, published 1600, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:\", \"text\": \"[…]death (as the Pſalmiſt ſaith) is certaine to all, all ſhall die.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1675, John Dryden, Aureng-zebe: A Tragedy. […], London: […] T[homas] N[ewcomb] for Henry Herringman, […], published 1676, →OCLC, Act II, page 29:\", \"text\": \"How vain is Virtue which directs our ways\\n Through certain danger to uncertain praiſe!\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Sure to happen, inevitable; assured.\"], \"links\": [[\"happen\", \"happen\"], [\"inevitable\", \"inevitable\"], [\"assured\", \"assured\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1702, Richard Mead, Mechanical Account of Poisons:\", \"text\": \"I have often wished, that I knew so certain a remedy in any other disease\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Unfailing; infallible.\"], \"links\": [[\"infallible\", \"infallible\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with collocations\", \"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"at certain intervals\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Exodus 16:4, column 1:\", \"text\": \"Then ſaid the Lord vnto Moſes, Behold, I will raine bread from heauen for you: and the people ſhall goe out, and gather a certaine rate euery day, that I may proue them, whether they will walke in my Law, or no.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Fixed; regular; determinate.\"], \"links\": [[\"Fixed\", \"fixed\"], [\"regular\", \"regular\"], [\"determinate\", \"determinate\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Every wine has a certain distinctive character which sets it apart from all others.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"Each morning, she would see a certain man rush past her window on his way to work.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Luke 5:12, column 1:\", \"text\": \"And it came to paſſe, when he was in a certaine citie[…]\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1856 February, [Thomas Babington] Macaulay, “[Contributions to the Encyclopædia Britannica.] Oliver Goldsmith.”, in T[homas] F[lower] E[llis], editor, The Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches of Lord Macaulay, new edition, London: Longman, Green, Reader, & Dyer, published 1871, →OCLC, page 365:\", \"text\": \"About everything that he wrote, serious or sportive, there was a certain natural grace and decorum[…]\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Particular and definite, but unspecified or unnamed; used to introduce someone or something without going into further detail.\"], \"links\": [[\"Particular\", \"particular\"], [\"definite\", \"definite\"], [\"unspecified\", \"unspecified\"], [\"unnamed\", \"unnamed\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English euphemisms\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I would have been here on time, but a certain someone lost the car keys!\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Used to denote that the speaker is referring to a specific person or thing that they do not want to name directly, implying that the listener should infer the identity of the referent.\"], \"links\": [[\"infer\", \"infer#English\"]], \"qualifier\": \"preceded by \\\"a\\\"\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(euphemistic, preceded by \\\"a\\\") Used to denote that the speaker is referring to a specific person or thing that they do not want to name directly, implying that the listener should infer the identity of the referent.\"], \"tags\": [\"euphemistic\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Looking inside the cover, they learned that the book had once belonged to a certain R. Jones.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1972, Burton Pasternak, “Kinship”, in Kinship & Community in Two Chinese Villages, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 75–76:\", \"text\": \"About 140 years ago, for example, a certain Hsü Kuang-ming established an ancestral estate in Wanluan consisting of ten hectares. The trust was specifically set aside to provide for his own worship after death, and access to its profits was to be enjoyed only by his descendants.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Named but not previously mentioned.\"], \"links\": [[\"Named\", \"named\"], [\"mention\", \"mention\"]], \"qualifier\": \"preceded by \\\"a\\\"\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(preceded by \\\"a\\\", of a person) Named but not previously mentioned.\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"of a person\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"one\"}]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Since the last British government to make such a proposal was that of a certain Margaret Thatcher, it might not seem unreasonable.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Used before the name of someone famous that people are expected to know.\"], \"qualifier\": \"preceded by \\\"a\\\"\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(preceded by \\\"a\\\", of a person) Used before the name of someone famous that people are expected to know.\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"of a person\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"one\"}]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with obsolete senses\", \"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1667, John Milton, “Book VIII”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 952–953:\", \"text\": \"However I with thee have fixt my Lot,\\n Certain to undergoe like doom[…]\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Determined; resolved.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete) Determined; resolved.\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ˈsɜːtn̩/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈsɝtn̩/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈsɝʔn̩/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈsɝtən/\", \"tags\": [\"Canada\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈsɝtn̩/\", \"tags\": [\"Canada\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈsɝʔn̩/\", \"tags\": [\"Canada\"]}, {\"audio\": \"En-ca-certain.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/En-ca-certain.ogg/En-ca-certain.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/En-ca-certain.ogg\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-certain.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fe/En-us-certain.ogg/En-us-certain.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/En-us-certain.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɜː(ɹ)tən\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"sense\": \"sure to happen\", \"word\": \"unavoidable\"}, {\"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"certaine\"}, {\"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"certayne\"}, {\"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"certeine\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:certain\", \"word\": \"assured\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:certain\", \"word\": \"certain\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:certain\", \"word\": \"clear\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:certain\", \"word\": \"confident\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:certain\", \"word\": \"definite\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:certain\", \"word\": \"doubtless\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:certain\", \"word\": \"positive\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:certain\", \"word\": \"sicker\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:certain\", \"word\": \"sure\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:certain\", \"word\": \"unambiguous\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:certain\", \"word\": \"unequivocal\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:certain\", \"word\": \"univocal\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:certain\", \"word\": \"unwavering\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:certain\", \"word\": \"wis\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ʔakīd\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"أَكِيد\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"english\": \"said of a person\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"mutaʔakkid\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"مُتَأَكِّد\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"hastatun\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"հաստատուն\"}, {\"code\": \"ast\", \"lang\": \"Asturian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"ciertu\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"əmin\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"upéŭnjeny\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"упэ́ўнены\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"péŭny\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"пэ́ўны\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"síguren\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"си́гурен\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"uvéren\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"уве́рен\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"cert\"}, {\"code\": \"ccc\", \"lang\": \"Chamicuro\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"akachelo'ta\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"kěndìng\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"肯定\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"quèqiè\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"確切 /确切\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yīdìng\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"一定\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"jistý\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"sikker\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"zeker\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"certa\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"varma\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"certain\"}, {\"code\": \"fur\", \"lang\": \"Friulian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"ciert\"}, {\"code\": \"fur\", \"lang\": \"Friulian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"sigûr\"}, {\"code\": \"fur\", \"lang\": \"Friulian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"positîv\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"ueč̣veli\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"უეჭველი\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"udavo\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"უდავო\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"gewiss\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"sicher\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"vévaios\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"βέβαιος\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"émpedos\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"ἔμπεδος\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"biztos\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"bizonyos\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"viss\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"öruggur\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"certa\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"cinnte\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"dearfa\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"deimhin\"}, {\"code\": \"ist\", \"lang\": \"Istriot\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"sierto\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"certo\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"sicuro\"}, {\"alt\": \"たしか\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"tashika\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"確か\"}, {\"alt\": \"いってい\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"ittei\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"一定\"}, {\"alt\": \"さだか\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"sadaka\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"定か\"}, {\"alt\": \"とくていの\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"tokutei no\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"特定の\"}, {\"code\": \"km\", \"lang\": \"Khmer\", \"roman\": \"cĕəklĕək\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"ជាក់លាក់\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"hwaksilhada\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"확실하다\"}, {\"code\": \"lld\", \"lang\": \"Ladin\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"cert\"}, {\"code\": \"lld\", \"lang\": \"Ladin\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"cërt\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"certus\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"fidus\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"siguren\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"сигурен\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"uveren\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"уверен\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"ċert\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"taketake\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"sikker\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"viss\"}, {\"code\": \"oc\", \"lang\": \"Occitan\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"cèrt\"}, {\"code\": \"or\", \"lang\": \"Odia\", \"roman\": \"nirddishṭa\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦିଷ୍ଟ\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"gewiss\"}, {\"code\": \"goh\", \"lang\": \"Old High German\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"giwis\"}, {\"code\": \"pdt\", \"lang\": \"Plautdietsch\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"wess\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"pewny\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"certo\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"cert\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"anume\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"sigur\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"uvérennyj\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"уве́ренный\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"note\": \"of a fact\", \"roman\": \"opredeljónnyj\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"определённый\"}, {\"code\": \"sc\", \"lang\": \"Sardinian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"certu\"}, {\"code\": \"sc\", \"lang\": \"Sardinian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"tzertu\"}, {\"code\": \"sc\", \"lang\": \"Sardinian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"tzeltu\"}, {\"code\": \"gd\", \"lang\": \"Scottish Gaelic\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"cinnteach\"}, {\"code\": \"gd\", \"lang\": \"Scottish Gaelic\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"deimhinne\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"sȉgūran\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\"], \"word\": \"си̏гӯран\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\"], \"word\": \"у̀верен\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\"], \"word\": \"sȉgūran\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\"], \"word\": \"ùveren\"}, {\"code\": \"scn\", \"lang\": \"Sicilian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"certu\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"istý\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"gotov\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"(estar) cierto\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"seguro\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"determinado\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"que se sabe que\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"noun\"], \"word\": \"certeza\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"certitud\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"certidumbre\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"säker\"}, {\"code\": \"tet\", \"lang\": \"Tetum\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"tebes\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"nɛ̂ɛ-nɔɔn\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"แน่นอน\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"kesin\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"emin\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"upévnenyj\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"упе́внений\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"pévnyj\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"пе́вний\"}, {\"code\": \"vec\", \"lang\": \"Venetan\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"çerto\"}, {\"code\": \"vec\", \"lang\": \"Venetan\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"serto\"}, {\"code\": \"vec\", \"lang\": \"Venetan\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"certo\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"chắc chắn\"}, {\"code\": \"yi\", \"lang\": \"Yiddish\", \"roman\": \"zikher\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"זיכער\"}, {\"code\": \"zza\", \"lang\": \"Zazaki\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"emel\"}, {\"code\": \"zza\", \"lang\": \"Zazaki\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"qeta\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"baʕḍ\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"بَعْض\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"müəyyən\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"jakísʹci\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"які́сьці\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"njéjki\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"не́йкі\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"jakísʹ\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"які́сь\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"njakakǎv\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"някакъв\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"njakoj si\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"някой си\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"cert\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yǒu de\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"有的\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"mǒu\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"某\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"nějaký\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"zekere\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"bepaalde\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"eräs\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"yksi\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"certain\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"quelconque\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"gewiss\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"irgendein\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"tis\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"τις\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"bizonyos\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"egyes\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"némely\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"egyfajta\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"egynémely\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"certena\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"certo\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"tale\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"aru\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"ある\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"eoneu\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"어느\"}, {\"alt\": \"特定\", \"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"teukjeong\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"특정\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"quīdam\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"jakiś\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"niejaki\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"nékotoryj\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"не́который\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"kakój-to\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"како́й-то\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"nékij\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"не́кий\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"nejaký\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"cierto\"}, {\"code\": \"sw\", \"lang\": \"Swahili\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"fulani\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"malum\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"bazı\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"belli başlı\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"jakýjsʹ\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"яки́йсь\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"kotrýjsʹ\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"котри́йсь\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"déjakyj\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"де́який\"}, {\"code\": \"yi\", \"lang\": \"Yiddish\", \"roman\": \"gevis\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"געוויס\"}, {\"code\": \"zza\", \"lang\": \"Zazaki\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"delil\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"in reference to a specific person or thing that the speaker does not want to name directly\", \"word\": \"certa\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"bō-\", \"sense\": \"in reference to a specific person or thing that the speaker does not want to name directly\", \"word\": \"某\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"certain\"], \"word\": \"certain\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "adj",
"title": "certain",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "certain/English/adj: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {\"antonyms\": [{\"sense\": \"antonym(s) of “not doubting”\", \"word\": \"uncertain\"}, {\"sense\": \"antonym(s) of “sure to happen”\", \"word\": \"impossible\"}, {\"sense\": \"antonym(s) of “sure to happen”\", \"word\": \"incidental\"}, {\"sense\": \"antonym(s) of “known but not named”\", \"word\": \"particular specific\"}], \"categories\": [\"English adjectives\", \"English adjectives commonly used as postmodifiers\", \"English determiners\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English positive polarity items\", \"English pronouns\", \"English terms derived from Latin\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old French\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Vulgar Latin\", \"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *krey-\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 3 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for review of Ido translations\", \"Requests for review of Indonesian translations\", \"Requests for review of Telugu translations\", \"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)tən\", \"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)tən/2 syllables\", \"Terms with Ancient Greek translations\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Armenian translations\", \"Terms with Asturian translations\", \"Terms with Azerbaijani translations\", \"Terms with Belarusian translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Chamicuro translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Dalmatian translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Friulian translations\", \"Terms with Galician translations\", \"Terms with Georgian translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Ido translations\", \"Terms with Indonesian translations\", \"Terms with Irish translations\", \"Terms with Istriot translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Khmer translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Ladin translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Maltese translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian translations\", \"Terms with Occitan translations\", \"Terms with Odia translations\", \"Terms with Old English translations\", \"Terms with Old High German translations\", \"Terms with Plautdietsch translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Sardinian translations\", \"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Sicilian translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swahili translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Telugu translations\", \"Terms with Tetum translations\", \"Terms with Thai translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with Venetan translations\", \"Terms with Vietnamese translations\", \"Terms with Yiddish translations\", \"Terms with Zazaki translations\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"certain as death and taxes\"}, {\"word\": \"certain as death or taxes\"}, {\"word\": \"certain event\"}, {\"tags\": [\"adverb\"], \"word\": \"certainly\"}, {\"word\": \"certainness\"}, {\"word\": \"certain person\"}, {\"tags\": [\"noun\"], \"word\": \"certainty\"}, {\"word\": \"for certain\"}, {\"word\": \"make certain\"}, {\"word\": \"noncertain\"}, {\"word\": \"of a certain\"}, {\"word\": \"of a certain age\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*krey-\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"certeyn\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English certeyn\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"fro\", \"3\": \"certain\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old French certain\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"VL.\", \"3\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Vulgar Latin\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"la\", \"3\": \"certus\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"fixed, resolved, certain\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin certus (“fixed, resolved, certain”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ang\", \"2\": \"ġewiss\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"certain, sure\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English ġewiss (“certain, sure”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English certeyn, certein, certain, borrowed from Old French certain, from a Vulgar Latin unattested form *certānus, extended form of Latin certus (“fixed, resolved, certain”), of the same origin as cretus, past participle of cernere (“to separate, perceive, decide”). Displaced native Middle English wis, iwis (“certain, sure”) (from Old English ġewiss (“certain, sure”)) and alternative Middle English spelling sertane (“some, certain”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"more certain\", \"tags\": [\"comparative\"]}, {\"form\": \"certainer\", \"tags\": [\"comparative\"]}, {\"form\": \"most certain\", \"tags\": [\"superlative\"]}, {\"form\": \"certainest\", \"tags\": [\"superlative\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"more\", \"2\": \"er\"}, \"expansion\": \"certain (comparative more certain or certainer, superlative most certain or certainest)\", \"name\": \"en-adj\"}], \"hyphenation\": [\"cer‧tain\"], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"adj\", \"related\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:certain\", \"word\": \"intentional\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:certain\", \"word\": \"irrefutable\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:certain\", \"word\": \"fated\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I was certain of my decision.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1833, [Frederick Marryat], chapter VIII, in Peter Simple. […], volume III, London: Saunders and Otley, […], published 1834, →OCLC, page 113:\", \"text\": \"[…] I think, nay, I may say that I'm sartain, we'll have a hurricane afore morning. It's not the first time I've cruised in these latitudes.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Sure in one's mind, positive; absolutely confident in the truth of something.\"], \"links\": [[\"Sure\", \"sure\"], [\"positive\", \"positive\"], [\"confident\", \"confident\"]], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"certain\"}]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Now that more experiments have been run, the theory is certain and the argument is settled.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Daniel 2:45, column 1:\", \"text\": \"[…]the dreame is certaine, and the interpretation thereof ſure.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Not to be doubted or denied; established as a fact.\"], \"links\": [[\"doubted\", \"doubted\"], [\"denied\", \"denied\"], [\"established\", \"established\"], [\"fact\", \"fact\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"It is certain that Spain will reach the finals. / Spain is now certain to reach the finals. / Spain is now certain of a place in the finals.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"Bankruptcy is the certain outcome of your constant gambling and lending.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"c. 1596–1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, The Second Part of Henrie the Fourth, […], quarto edition, London: […] V[alentine] S[immes] for Andrew Wise, and William Aspley, published 1600, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:\", \"text\": \"[…]death (as the Pſalmiſt ſaith) is certaine to all, all ſhall die.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1675, John Dryden, Aureng-zebe: A Tragedy. […], London: […] T[homas] N[ewcomb] for Henry Herringman, […], published 1676, →OCLC, Act II, page 29:\", \"text\": \"How vain is Virtue which directs our ways\\n Through certain danger to uncertain praiſe!\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Sure to happen, inevitable; assured.\"], \"links\": [[\"happen\", \"happen\"], [\"inevitable\", \"inevitable\"], [\"assured\", \"assured\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1702, Richard Mead, Mechanical Account of Poisons:\", \"text\": \"I have often wished, that I knew so certain a remedy in any other disease\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Unfailing; infallible.\"], \"links\": [[\"infallible\", \"infallible\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with collocations\", \"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"at certain intervals\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Exodus 16:4, column 1:\", \"text\": \"Then ſaid the Lord vnto Moſes, Behold, I will raine bread from heauen for you: and the people ſhall goe out, and gather a certaine rate euery day, that I may proue them, whether they will walke in my Law, or no.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Fixed; regular; determinate.\"], \"links\": [[\"Fixed\", \"fixed\"], [\"regular\", \"regular\"], [\"determinate\", \"determinate\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Every wine has a certain distinctive character which sets it apart from all others.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"Each morning, she would see a certain man rush past her window on his way to work.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Luke 5:12, column 1:\", \"text\": \"And it came to paſſe, when he was in a certaine citie[…]\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1856 February, [Thomas Babington] Macaulay, “[Contributions to the Encyclopædia Britannica.] Oliver Goldsmith.”, in T[homas] F[lower] E[llis], editor, The Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches of Lord Macaulay, new edition, London: Longman, Green, Reader, & Dyer, published 1871, →OCLC, page 365:\", \"text\": \"About everything that he wrote, serious or sportive, there was a certain natural grace and decorum[…]\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Particular and definite, but unspecified or unnamed; used to introduce someone or something without going into further detail.\"], \"links\": [[\"Particular\", \"particular\"], [\"definite\", \"definite\"], [\"unspecified\", \"unspecified\"], [\"unnamed\", \"unnamed\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English euphemisms\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I would have been here on time, but a certain someone lost the car keys!\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Used to denote that the speaker is referring to a specific person or thing that they do not want to name directly, implying that the listener should infer the identity of the referent.\"], \"links\": [[\"infer\", \"infer#English\"]], \"qualifier\": \"preceded by \\\"a\\\"\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(euphemistic, preceded by \\\"a\\\") Used to denote that the speaker is referring to a specific person or thing that they do not want to name directly, implying that the listener should infer the identity of the referent.\"], \"tags\": [\"euphemistic\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Looking inside the cover, they learned that the book had once belonged to a certain R. Jones.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1972, Burton Pasternak, “Kinship”, in Kinship & Community in Two Chinese Villages, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 75–76:\", \"text\": \"About 140 years ago, for example, a certain Hsü Kuang-ming established an ancestral estate in Wanluan consisting of ten hectares. The trust was specifically set aside to provide for his own worship after death, and access to its profits was to be enjoyed only by his descendants.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Named but not previously mentioned.\"], \"links\": [[\"Named\", \"named\"], [\"mention\", \"mention\"]], \"qualifier\": \"preceded by \\\"a\\\"\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(preceded by \\\"a\\\", of a person) Named but not previously mentioned.\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"of a person\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"one\"}]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Since the last British government to make such a proposal was that of a certain Margaret Thatcher, it might not seem unreasonable.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Used before the name of someone famous that people are expected to know.\"], \"qualifier\": \"preceded by \\\"a\\\"\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(preceded by \\\"a\\\", of a person) Used before the name of someone famous that people are expected to know.\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"of a person\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"one\"}]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with obsolete senses\", \"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1667, John Milton, “Book VIII”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 952–953:\", \"text\": \"However I with thee have fixt my Lot,\\n Certain to undergoe like doom[…]\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Determined; resolved.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete) Determined; resolved.\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ˈsɜːtn̩/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈsɝtn̩/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈsɝʔn̩/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈsɝtən/\", \"tags\": [\"Canada\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈsɝtn̩/\", \"tags\": [\"Canada\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈsɝʔn̩/\", \"tags\": [\"Canada\"]}, {\"audio\": \"En-ca-certain.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/En-ca-certain.ogg/En-ca-certain.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/En-ca-certain.ogg\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-certain.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fe/En-us-certain.ogg/En-us-certain.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/En-us-certain.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɜː(ɹ)tən\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"sense\": \"sure to happen\", \"word\": \"unavoidable\"}, {\"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"certaine\"}, {\"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"certayne\"}, {\"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"certeine\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:certain\", \"word\": \"assured\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:certain\", \"word\": \"certain\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:certain\", \"word\": \"clear\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:certain\", \"word\": \"confident\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:certain\", \"word\": \"definite\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:certain\", \"word\": \"doubtless\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:certain\", \"word\": \"positive\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:certain\", \"word\": \"sicker\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:certain\", \"word\": \"sure\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:certain\", \"word\": \"unambiguous\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:certain\", \"word\": \"unequivocal\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:certain\", \"word\": \"univocal\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:certain\", \"word\": \"unwavering\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:certain\", \"word\": \"wis\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ʔakīd\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"أَكِيد\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"english\": \"said of a person\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"mutaʔakkid\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"مُتَأَكِّد\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"hastatun\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"հաստատուն\"}, {\"code\": \"ast\", \"lang\": \"Asturian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"ciertu\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"əmin\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"upéŭnjeny\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"упэ́ўнены\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"péŭny\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"пэ́ўны\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"síguren\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"си́гурен\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"uvéren\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"уве́рен\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"cert\"}, {\"code\": \"ccc\", \"lang\": \"Chamicuro\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"akachelo'ta\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"kěndìng\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"肯定\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"quèqiè\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"確切 /确切\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yīdìng\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"一定\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"jistý\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"sikker\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"zeker\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"certa\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"varma\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"certain\"}, {\"code\": \"fur\", \"lang\": \"Friulian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"ciert\"}, {\"code\": \"fur\", \"lang\": \"Friulian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"sigûr\"}, {\"code\": \"fur\", \"lang\": \"Friulian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"positîv\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"ueč̣veli\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"უეჭველი\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"udavo\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"უდავო\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"gewiss\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"sicher\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"vévaios\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"βέβαιος\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"émpedos\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"ἔμπεδος\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"biztos\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"bizonyos\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"viss\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"öruggur\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"certa\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"cinnte\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"dearfa\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"deimhin\"}, {\"code\": \"ist\", \"lang\": \"Istriot\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"sierto\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"certo\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"sicuro\"}, {\"alt\": \"たしか\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"tashika\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"確か\"}, {\"alt\": \"いってい\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"ittei\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"一定\"}, {\"alt\": \"さだか\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"sadaka\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"定か\"}, {\"alt\": \"とくていの\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"tokutei no\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"特定の\"}, {\"code\": \"km\", \"lang\": \"Khmer\", \"roman\": \"cĕəklĕək\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"ជាក់លាក់\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"hwaksilhada\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"확실하다\"}, {\"code\": \"lld\", \"lang\": \"Ladin\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"cert\"}, {\"code\": \"lld\", \"lang\": \"Ladin\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"cërt\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"certus\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"fidus\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"siguren\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"сигурен\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"uveren\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"уверен\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"ċert\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"taketake\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"sikker\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"viss\"}, {\"code\": \"oc\", \"lang\": \"Occitan\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"cèrt\"}, {\"code\": \"or\", \"lang\": \"Odia\", \"roman\": \"nirddishṭa\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦିଷ୍ଟ\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"gewiss\"}, {\"code\": \"goh\", \"lang\": \"Old High German\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"giwis\"}, {\"code\": \"pdt\", \"lang\": \"Plautdietsch\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"wess\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"pewny\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"certo\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"cert\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"anume\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"sigur\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"uvérennyj\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"уве́ренный\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"note\": \"of a fact\", \"roman\": \"opredeljónnyj\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"определённый\"}, {\"code\": \"sc\", \"lang\": \"Sardinian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"certu\"}, {\"code\": \"sc\", \"lang\": \"Sardinian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"tzertu\"}, {\"code\": \"sc\", \"lang\": \"Sardinian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"tzeltu\"}, {\"code\": \"gd\", \"lang\": \"Scottish Gaelic\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"cinnteach\"}, {\"code\": \"gd\", \"lang\": \"Scottish Gaelic\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"deimhinne\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"sȉgūran\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\"], \"word\": \"си̏гӯран\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\"], \"word\": \"у̀верен\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\"], \"word\": \"sȉgūran\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\"], \"word\": \"ùveren\"}, {\"code\": \"scn\", \"lang\": \"Sicilian\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"certu\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"istý\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"gotov\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"(estar) cierto\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"seguro\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"determinado\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"que se sabe que\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"noun\"], \"word\": \"certeza\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"certitud\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"certidumbre\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"säker\"}, {\"code\": \"tet\", \"lang\": \"Tetum\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"tebes\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"nɛ̂ɛ-nɔɔn\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"แน่นอน\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"kesin\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"emin\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"upévnenyj\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"упе́внений\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"pévnyj\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"пе́вний\"}, {\"code\": \"vec\", \"lang\": \"Venetan\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"çerto\"}, {\"code\": \"vec\", \"lang\": \"Venetan\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"serto\"}, {\"code\": \"vec\", \"lang\": \"Venetan\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"certo\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"chắc chắn\"}, {\"code\": \"yi\", \"lang\": \"Yiddish\", \"roman\": \"zikher\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"זיכער\"}, {\"code\": \"zza\", \"lang\": \"Zazaki\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"emel\"}, {\"code\": \"zza\", \"lang\": \"Zazaki\", \"sense\": \"sure, positive, not doubting\", \"word\": \"qeta\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"baʕḍ\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"بَعْض\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"müəyyən\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"jakísʹci\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"які́сьці\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"njéjki\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"не́йкі\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"jakísʹ\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"які́сь\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"njakakǎv\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"някакъв\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"njakoj si\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"някой си\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"cert\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yǒu de\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"有的\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"mǒu\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"某\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"nějaký\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"zekere\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"bepaalde\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"eräs\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"yksi\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"certain\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"quelconque\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"gewiss\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"irgendein\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"tis\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"τις\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"bizonyos\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"egyes\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"némely\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"egyfajta\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"egynémely\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"certena\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"certo\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"tale\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"aru\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"ある\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"eoneu\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"어느\"}, {\"alt\": \"特定\", \"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"teukjeong\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"특정\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"quīdam\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"jakiś\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"niejaki\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"nékotoryj\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"не́который\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"kakój-to\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"како́й-то\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"nékij\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"не́кий\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"nejaký\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"cierto\"}, {\"code\": \"sw\", \"lang\": \"Swahili\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"fulani\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"malum\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"bazı\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"belli başlı\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"jakýjsʹ\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"яки́йсь\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"kotrýjsʹ\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"котри́йсь\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"déjakyj\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"де́який\"}, {\"code\": \"yi\", \"lang\": \"Yiddish\", \"roman\": \"gevis\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"געוויס\"}, {\"code\": \"zza\", \"lang\": \"Zazaki\", \"sense\": \"not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite\", \"word\": \"delil\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"in reference to a specific person or thing that the speaker does not want to name directly\", \"word\": \"certa\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"bō-\", \"sense\": \"in reference to a specific person or thing that the speaker does not want to name directly\", \"word\": \"某\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"certain\"], \"word\": \"certain\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "adj",
"title": "certain",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "certain/English/det: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English adjectives\", \"English adjectives commonly used as postmodifiers\", \"English determiners\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English positive polarity items\", \"English pronouns\", \"English terms derived from Latin\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old French\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Vulgar Latin\", \"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *krey-\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 3 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for review of Ido translations\", \"Requests for review of Indonesian translations\", \"Requests for review of Telugu translations\", \"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)tən\", \"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)tən/2 syllables\", \"Terms with Ancient Greek translations\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Armenian translations\", \"Terms with Asturian translations\", \"Terms with Azerbaijani translations\", \"Terms with Belarusian translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Chamicuro translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Dalmatian translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Friulian translations\", \"Terms with Galician translations\", \"Terms with Georgian translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Ido translations\", \"Terms with Indonesian translations\", \"Terms with Irish translations\", \"Terms with Istriot translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Khmer translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Ladin translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Maltese translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian translations\", \"Terms with Occitan translations\", \"Terms with Odia translations\", \"Terms with Old English translations\", \"Terms with Old High German translations\", \"Terms with Plautdietsch translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Sardinian translations\", \"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Sicilian translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swahili translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Telugu translations\", \"Terms with Tetum translations\", \"Terms with Thai translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with Venetan translations\", \"Terms with Vietnamese translations\", \"Terms with Yiddish translations\", \"Terms with Zazaki translations\"], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*krey-\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"certeyn\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English certeyn\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"fro\", \"3\": \"certain\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old French certain\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"VL.\", \"3\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Vulgar Latin\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"la\", \"3\": \"certus\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"fixed, resolved, certain\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin certus (“fixed, resolved, certain”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ang\", \"2\": \"ġewiss\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"certain, sure\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English ġewiss (“certain, sure”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English certeyn, certein, certain, borrowed from Old French certain, from a Vulgar Latin unattested form *certānus, extended form of Latin certus (“fixed, resolved, certain”), of the same origin as cretus, past participle of cernere (“to separate, perceive, decide”). Displaced native Middle English wis, iwis (“certain, sure”) (from Old English ġewiss (“certain, sure”)) and alternative Middle English spelling sertane (“some, certain”).\", \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"determiner\", \"head\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"certain\", \"name\": \"head\"}, {\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"certain\", \"name\": \"en-det\"}], \"hyphenation\": [\"cer‧tain\"], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"det\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Certain people are good at running.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter V, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC, page 26:\", \"text\": \"One saint's day in mid-term a certain newly-appointed suffragan-bishop came to the school chapel, and there preached on “The Inner Life.”\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Having been determined but not specified.\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ˈsɜːtn̩/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈsɝtn̩/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈsɝʔn̩/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈsɝtən/\", \"tags\": [\"Canada\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈsɝtn̩/\", \"tags\": [\"Canada\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈsɝʔn̩/\", \"tags\": [\"Canada\"]}, {\"audio\": \"En-ca-certain.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/En-ca-certain.ogg/En-ca-certain.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/En-ca-certain.ogg\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-certain.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fe/En-us-certain.ogg/En-us-certain.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/En-us-certain.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɜː(ɹ)tən\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"certaine\"}, {\"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"certayne\"}, {\"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"certeine\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"muḥaddad\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"مُحَدَّد\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"njéjki\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"не́йкі\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"opredelen\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"определен\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"cert\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"mǒu\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"某\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yǒude\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"有的\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"jistý\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"určitý\"}, {\"code\": \"dlm\", \"lang\": \"Dalmatian\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"ciart\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"vis\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"vist\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"], \"word\": \"visse\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"certa\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"tietty\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"muuan\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"], \"word\": \"eräät\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"certain\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"certo\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"garḳveuli\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"გარკვეული\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"bestimmt\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"gewiss\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"bizonyos\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"egyes\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"némely\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"ákveðinn\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"viss\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"determinato\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"aru\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"ある\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"toaru\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"とある\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"quīdam\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"viss\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"visst\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"], \"word\": \"visse\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"enkelte\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"certo\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"anumit\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"nékotoryj\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"не́который\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"opredeljónnyj\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"определённый\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"nékij\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"не́кий\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"òdrēđen\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"nȅkī\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"cierto\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"cierta\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"viss\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"visst\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"], \"word\": \"vissa\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"belli\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"malum\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"belirli\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"muayyen\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"pévnyj\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"пе́вний\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"déjakyj\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"де́який\"}, {\"code\": \"yi\", \"lang\": \"Yiddish\", \"roman\": \"gevis\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"געוויס\"}, {\"code\": \"zza\", \"lang\": \"Zazaki\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"beyan\"}, {\"code\": \"zza\", \"lang\": \"Zazaki\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"delil\"}], \"word\": \"certain\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "det",
"title": "certain",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "certain/English/det: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English adjectives\", \"English adjectives commonly used as postmodifiers\", \"English determiners\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English positive polarity items\", \"English pronouns\", \"English terms derived from Latin\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old French\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Vulgar Latin\", \"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *krey-\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 3 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for review of Ido translations\", \"Requests for review of Indonesian translations\", \"Requests for review of Telugu translations\", \"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)tən\", \"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)tən/2 syllables\", \"Terms with Ancient Greek translations\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Armenian translations\", \"Terms with Asturian translations\", \"Terms with Azerbaijani translations\", \"Terms with Belarusian translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Chamicuro translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Dalmatian translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Friulian translations\", \"Terms with Galician translations\", \"Terms with Georgian translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Ido translations\", \"Terms with Indonesian translations\", \"Terms with Irish translations\", \"Terms with Istriot translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Khmer translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Ladin translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Maltese translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian translations\", \"Terms with Occitan translations\", \"Terms with Odia translations\", \"Terms with Old English translations\", \"Terms with Old High German translations\", \"Terms with Plautdietsch translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Sardinian translations\", \"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Sicilian translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swahili translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Telugu translations\", \"Terms with Tetum translations\", \"Terms with Thai translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with Venetan translations\", \"Terms with Vietnamese translations\", \"Terms with Yiddish translations\", \"Terms with Zazaki translations\"], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*krey-\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"certeyn\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English certeyn\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"fro\", \"3\": \"certain\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old French certain\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"VL.\", \"3\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Vulgar Latin\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"la\", \"3\": \"certus\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"fixed, resolved, certain\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin certus (“fixed, resolved, certain”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ang\", \"2\": \"ġewiss\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"certain, sure\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English ġewiss (“certain, sure”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English certeyn, certein, certain, borrowed from Old French certain, from a Vulgar Latin unattested form *certānus, extended form of Latin certus (“fixed, resolved, certain”), of the same origin as cretus, past participle of cernere (“to separate, perceive, decide”). Displaced native Middle English wis, iwis (“certain, sure”) (from Old English ġewiss (“certain, sure”)) and alternative Middle English spelling sertane (“some, certain”).\", \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"determiner\", \"head\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"certain\", \"name\": \"head\"}, {\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"certain\", \"name\": \"en-det\"}], \"hyphenation\": [\"cer‧tain\"], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"det\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Certain people are good at running.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter V, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC, page 26:\", \"text\": \"One saint's day in mid-term a certain newly-appointed suffragan-bishop came to the school chapel, and there preached on “The Inner Life.”\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Having been determined but not specified.\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ˈsɜːtn̩/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈsɝtn̩/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈsɝʔn̩/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈsɝtən/\", \"tags\": [\"Canada\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈsɝtn̩/\", \"tags\": [\"Canada\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈsɝʔn̩/\", \"tags\": [\"Canada\"]}, {\"audio\": \"En-ca-certain.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/En-ca-certain.ogg/En-ca-certain.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/En-ca-certain.ogg\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-certain.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fe/En-us-certain.ogg/En-us-certain.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/En-us-certain.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɜː(ɹ)tən\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"certaine\"}, {\"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"certayne\"}, {\"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"certeine\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"muḥaddad\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"مُحَدَّد\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"njéjki\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"не́йкі\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"opredelen\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"определен\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"cert\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"mǒu\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"某\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yǒude\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"有的\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"jistý\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"určitý\"}, {\"code\": \"dlm\", \"lang\": \"Dalmatian\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"ciart\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"vis\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"vist\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"], \"word\": \"visse\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"certa\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"tietty\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"muuan\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"], \"word\": \"eräät\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"certain\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"certo\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"garḳveuli\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"გარკვეული\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"bestimmt\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"gewiss\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"bizonyos\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"egyes\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"némely\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"ákveðinn\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"viss\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"determinato\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"aru\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"ある\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"toaru\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"とある\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"quīdam\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"viss\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"visst\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"], \"word\": \"visse\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"enkelte\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"certo\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"anumit\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"nékotoryj\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"не́который\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"opredeljónnyj\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"определённый\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"nékij\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"не́кий\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"òdrēđen\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"nȅkī\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"cierto\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"cierta\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"viss\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"visst\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"], \"word\": \"vissa\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"belli\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"malum\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"belirli\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"muayyen\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"pévnyj\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"пе́вний\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"déjakyj\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"де́який\"}, {\"code\": \"yi\", \"lang\": \"Yiddish\", \"roman\": \"gevis\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"געוויס\"}, {\"code\": \"zza\", \"lang\": \"Zazaki\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"beyan\"}, {\"code\": \"zza\", \"lang\": \"Zazaki\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"delil\"}], \"word\": \"certain\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "det",
"title": "certain",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "certain/English/det: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English adjectives\", \"English adjectives commonly used as postmodifiers\", \"English determiners\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English positive polarity items\", \"English pronouns\", \"English terms derived from Latin\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old French\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Vulgar Latin\", \"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *krey-\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 3 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for review of Ido translations\", \"Requests for review of Indonesian translations\", \"Requests for review of Telugu translations\", \"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)tən\", \"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)tən/2 syllables\", \"Terms with Ancient Greek translations\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Armenian translations\", \"Terms with Asturian translations\", \"Terms with Azerbaijani translations\", \"Terms with Belarusian translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Chamicuro translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Dalmatian translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Friulian translations\", \"Terms with Galician translations\", \"Terms with Georgian translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Ido translations\", \"Terms with Indonesian translations\", \"Terms with Irish translations\", \"Terms with Istriot translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Khmer translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Ladin translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Maltese translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian translations\", \"Terms with Occitan translations\", \"Terms with Odia translations\", \"Terms with Old English translations\", \"Terms with Old High German translations\", \"Terms with Plautdietsch translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Sardinian translations\", \"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Sicilian translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swahili translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Telugu translations\", \"Terms with Tetum translations\", \"Terms with Thai translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with Venetan translations\", \"Terms with Vietnamese translations\", \"Terms with Yiddish translations\", \"Terms with Zazaki translations\"], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*krey-\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"certeyn\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English certeyn\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"fro\", \"3\": \"certain\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old French certain\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"VL.\", \"3\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Vulgar Latin\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"la\", \"3\": \"certus\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"fixed, resolved, certain\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin certus (“fixed, resolved, certain”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ang\", \"2\": \"ġewiss\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"certain, sure\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English ġewiss (“certain, sure”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English certeyn, certein, certain, borrowed from Old French certain, from a Vulgar Latin unattested form *certānus, extended form of Latin certus (“fixed, resolved, certain”), of the same origin as cretus, past participle of cernere (“to separate, perceive, decide”). Displaced native Middle English wis, iwis (“certain, sure”) (from Old English ġewiss (“certain, sure”)) and alternative Middle English spelling sertane (“some, certain”).\", \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"determiner\", \"head\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"certain\", \"name\": \"head\"}, {\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"certain\", \"name\": \"en-det\"}], \"hyphenation\": [\"cer‧tain\"], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"det\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Certain people are good at running.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter V, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC, page 26:\", \"text\": \"One saint's day in mid-term a certain newly-appointed suffragan-bishop came to the school chapel, and there preached on “The Inner Life.”\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Having been determined but not specified.\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ˈsɜːtn̩/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈsɝtn̩/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈsɝʔn̩/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈsɝtən/\", \"tags\": [\"Canada\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈsɝtn̩/\", \"tags\": [\"Canada\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈsɝʔn̩/\", \"tags\": [\"Canada\"]}, {\"audio\": \"En-ca-certain.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/En-ca-certain.ogg/En-ca-certain.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/En-ca-certain.ogg\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-certain.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fe/En-us-certain.ogg/En-us-certain.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/En-us-certain.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɜː(ɹ)tən\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"certaine\"}, {\"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"certayne\"}, {\"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"certeine\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"muḥaddad\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"مُحَدَّد\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"njéjki\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"не́йкі\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"opredelen\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"определен\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"cert\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"mǒu\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"某\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yǒude\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"有的\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"jistý\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"určitý\"}, {\"code\": \"dlm\", \"lang\": \"Dalmatian\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"ciart\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"vis\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"vist\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"], \"word\": \"visse\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"certa\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"tietty\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"muuan\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"], \"word\": \"eräät\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"certain\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"certo\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"garḳveuli\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"გარკვეული\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"bestimmt\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"gewiss\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"bizonyos\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"egyes\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"némely\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"ákveðinn\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"viss\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"determinato\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"aru\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"ある\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"toaru\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"とある\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"quīdam\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"viss\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"visst\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"], \"word\": \"visse\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"enkelte\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"certo\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"anumit\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"nékotoryj\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"не́который\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"opredeljónnyj\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"определённый\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"nékij\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"не́кий\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"òdrēđen\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"nȅkī\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"cierto\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"cierta\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"viss\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"visst\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"], \"word\": \"vissa\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"belli\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"malum\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"belirli\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"muayyen\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"pévnyj\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"пе́вний\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"déjakyj\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"де́який\"}, {\"code\": \"yi\", \"lang\": \"Yiddish\", \"roman\": \"gevis\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"געוויס\"}, {\"code\": \"zza\", \"lang\": \"Zazaki\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"beyan\"}, {\"code\": \"zza\", \"lang\": \"Zazaki\", \"sense\": \"having been determined but not specified\", \"word\": \"delil\"}], \"word\": \"certain\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "det",
"title": "certain",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "certain/English/pron: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English adjectives\", \"English adjectives commonly used as postmodifiers\", \"English determiners\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English positive polarity items\", \"English pronouns\", \"English terms derived from Latin\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old French\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Vulgar Latin\", \"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *krey-\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 3 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for review of Ido translations\", \"Requests for review of Indonesian translations\", \"Requests for review of Telugu translations\", \"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)tən\", \"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)tən/2 syllables\", \"Terms with Ancient Greek translations\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Armenian translations\", \"Terms with Asturian translations\", \"Terms with Azerbaijani translations\", \"Terms with Belarusian translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Chamicuro translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Dalmatian translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Friulian translations\", \"Terms with Galician translations\", \"Terms with Georgian translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Ido translations\", \"Terms with Indonesian translations\", \"Terms with Irish translations\", \"Terms with Istriot translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Khmer translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Ladin translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Maltese translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian translations\", \"Terms with Occitan translations\", \"Terms with Odia translations\", \"Terms with Old English translations\", \"Terms with Old High German translations\", \"Terms with Plautdietsch translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Sardinian translations\", \"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Sicilian translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swahili translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Telugu translations\", \"Terms with Tetum translations\", \"Terms with Thai translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with Venetan translations\", \"Terms with Vietnamese translations\", \"Terms with Yiddish translations\", \"Terms with Zazaki translations\"], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*krey-\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"certeyn\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English certeyn\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"fro\", \"3\": \"certain\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old French certain\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"VL.\", \"3\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Vulgar Latin\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"la\", \"3\": \"certus\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"fixed, resolved, certain\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin certus (“fixed, resolved, certain”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ang\", \"2\": \"ġewiss\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"certain, sure\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English ġewiss (“certain, sure”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English certeyn, certein, certain, borrowed from Old French certain, from a Vulgar Latin unattested form *certānus, extended form of Latin certus (“fixed, resolved, certain”), of the same origin as cretus, past participle of cernere (“to separate, perceive, decide”). Displaced native Middle English wis, iwis (“certain, sure”) (from Old English ġewiss (“certain, sure”)) and alternative Middle English spelling sertane (“some, certain”).\", \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"10\": \"\", \"11\": \"\", \"12\": \"\", \"13\": \"\", \"14\": \"\", \"15\": \"\", \"16\": \"\", \"17\": \"\", \"18\": \"\", \"19\": \"\", \"2\": \"pronoun\", \"20\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\", \"8\": \"\", \"9\": \"\", \"head\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"certain\", \"name\": \"head\"}, {\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"certain\", \"name\": \"en-pron\"}], \"hyphenation\": [\"cer‧tain\"], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"pron\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"She mentioned a series of contracts, of which certain are not cited.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Acts 23:12, column 2:\", \"text\": \"[…]certaine of the Jewes banded together[…]\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Unnamed or undescribed members (of).\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(with of) Unnamed or undescribed members (of).\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"some#Pronoun\"}], \"tags\": [\"with-of\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ˈsɜːtn̩/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈsɝtn̩/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈsɝʔn̩/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈsɝtən/\", \"tags\": [\"Canada\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈsɝtn̩/\", \"tags\": [\"Canada\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈsɝʔn̩/\", \"tags\": [\"Canada\"]}, {\"audio\": \"En-ca-certain.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/En-ca-certain.ogg/En-ca-certain.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/En-ca-certain.ogg\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-certain.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fe/En-us-certain.ogg/En-us-certain.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/En-us-certain.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɜː(ɹ)tən\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"certaine\"}, {\"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"certayne\"}, {\"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"certeine\"}], \"word\": \"certain\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "pron",
"title": "certain",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "certain/English/pron: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English adjectives\", \"English adjectives commonly used as postmodifiers\", \"English determiners\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English positive polarity items\", \"English pronouns\", \"English terms derived from Latin\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old French\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Vulgar Latin\", \"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *krey-\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 3 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for review of Ido translations\", \"Requests for review of Indonesian translations\", \"Requests for review of Telugu translations\", \"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)tən\", \"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)tən/2 syllables\", \"Terms with Ancient Greek translations\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Armenian translations\", \"Terms with Asturian translations\", \"Terms with Azerbaijani translations\", \"Terms with Belarusian translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Chamicuro translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Dalmatian translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Friulian translations\", \"Terms with Galician translations\", \"Terms with Georgian translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Ido translations\", \"Terms with Indonesian translations\", \"Terms with Irish translations\", \"Terms with Istriot translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Khmer translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Ladin translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Maltese translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian translations\", \"Terms with Occitan translations\", \"Terms with Odia translations\", \"Terms with Old English translations\", \"Terms with Old High German translations\", \"Terms with Plautdietsch translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Sardinian translations\", \"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Sicilian translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swahili translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Telugu translations\", \"Terms with Tetum translations\", \"Terms with Thai translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with Venetan translations\", \"Terms with Vietnamese translations\", \"Terms with Yiddish translations\", \"Terms with Zazaki translations\"], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*krey-\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"certeyn\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English certeyn\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"fro\", \"3\": \"certain\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old French certain\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"VL.\", \"3\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Vulgar Latin\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"la\", \"3\": \"certus\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"fixed, resolved, certain\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin certus (“fixed, resolved, certain”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ang\", \"2\": \"ġewiss\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"certain, sure\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English ġewiss (“certain, sure”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English certeyn, certein, certain, borrowed from Old French certain, from a Vulgar Latin unattested form *certānus, extended form of Latin certus (“fixed, resolved, certain”), of the same origin as cretus, past participle of cernere (“to separate, perceive, decide”). Displaced native Middle English wis, iwis (“certain, sure”) (from Old English ġewiss (“certain, sure”)) and alternative Middle English spelling sertane (“some, certain”).\", \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"10\": \"\", \"11\": \"\", \"12\": \"\", \"13\": \"\", \"14\": \"\", \"15\": \"\", \"16\": \"\", \"17\": \"\", \"18\": \"\", \"19\": \"\", \"2\": \"pronoun\", \"20\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\", \"8\": \"\", \"9\": \"\", \"head\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"certain\", \"name\": \"head\"}, {\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"certain\", \"name\": \"en-pron\"}], \"hyphenation\": [\"cer‧tain\"], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"pron\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"She mentioned a series of contracts, of which certain are not cited.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Acts 23:12, column 2:\", \"text\": \"[…]certaine of the Jewes banded together[…]\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Unnamed or undescribed members (of).\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(with of) Unnamed or undescribed members (of).\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"some#Pronoun\"}], \"tags\": [\"with-of\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ˈsɜːtn̩/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈsɝtn̩/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈsɝʔn̩/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈsɝtən/\", \"tags\": [\"Canada\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈsɝtn̩/\", \"tags\": [\"Canada\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈsɝʔn̩/\", \"tags\": [\"Canada\"]}, {\"audio\": \"En-ca-certain.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/En-ca-certain.ogg/En-ca-certain.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/En-ca-certain.ogg\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-certain.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fe/En-us-certain.ogg/En-us-certain.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/En-us-certain.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɜː(ɹ)tən\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"certaine\"}, {\"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"certayne\"}, {\"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"certeine\"}], \"word\": \"certain\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "pron",
"title": "certain",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "certain/English/pron: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English adjectives\", \"English adjectives commonly used as postmodifiers\", \"English determiners\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English positive polarity items\", \"English pronouns\", \"English terms derived from Latin\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old French\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Vulgar Latin\", \"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *krey-\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 3 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for review of Ido translations\", \"Requests for review of Indonesian translations\", \"Requests for review of Telugu translations\", \"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)tən\", \"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)tən/2 syllables\", \"Terms with Ancient Greek translations\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Armenian translations\", \"Terms with Asturian translations\", \"Terms with Azerbaijani translations\", \"Terms with Belarusian translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Chamicuro translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Dalmatian translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Friulian translations\", \"Terms with Galician translations\", \"Terms with Georgian translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Ido translations\", \"Terms with Indonesian translations\", \"Terms with Irish translations\", \"Terms with Istriot translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Khmer translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Ladin translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Maltese translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian translations\", \"Terms with Occitan translations\", \"Terms with Odia translations\", \"Terms with Old English translations\", \"Terms with Old High German translations\", \"Terms with Plautdietsch translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Sardinian translations\", \"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Sicilian translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swahili translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Telugu translations\", \"Terms with Tetum translations\", \"Terms with Thai translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with Venetan translations\", \"Terms with Vietnamese translations\", \"Terms with Yiddish translations\", \"Terms with Zazaki translations\"], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*krey-\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"certeyn\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English certeyn\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"fro\", \"3\": \"certain\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old French certain\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"VL.\", \"3\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Vulgar Latin\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"la\", \"3\": \"certus\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"fixed, resolved, certain\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin certus (“fixed, resolved, certain”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ang\", \"2\": \"ġewiss\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"certain, sure\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English ġewiss (“certain, sure”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English certeyn, certein, certain, borrowed from Old French certain, from a Vulgar Latin unattested form *certānus, extended form of Latin certus (“fixed, resolved, certain”), of the same origin as cretus, past participle of cernere (“to separate, perceive, decide”). 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"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "pron",
"title": "certain",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (bcd5c38 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.