See wis in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for wis meaning in English (8.1kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "I wis"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "wis",
"4": "",
"5": "certain, sure"
},
"expansion": "Middle English wis (“certain, sure”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "iwis",
"3": "iwis, ywis",
"4": "certain, sure"
},
"expansion": "iwis, ywis (“certain, sure”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ġewiss",
"4": "",
"5": "certain, sure"
},
"expansion": "Old English ġewiss (“certain, sure”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmq"
},
"expansion": "North Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "viss",
"3": "",
"4": "certain"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic viss (“certain”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gawissaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gawissaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English wis (“certain, sure”), from an aphetic form of Middle English iwis, ywis (“certain, sure”) (from Old English ġewiss (“certain, sure”)), or of North Germanic origin, akin to Icelandic viss (“certain”). Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *gawissaz. More at iwis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more wis",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most wis",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "wis (comparative more wis, superlative most wis)",
"name": "en-adv"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1884, Charlotte Mary Yonge, The armourer's prentices",
"text": "So I wis would the Dragon under him […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Certainly, surely."
],
"id": "en-wis-en-adv-oLJlxmq3",
"links": [
[
"Certainly",
"certainly"
],
[
"surely",
"surely"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, obsolete or dialectal) Certainly, surely."
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"obsolete",
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Really, truly."
],
"id": "en-wis-en-adv-kVK44Wxf",
"links": [
[
"Really",
"really"
],
[
"truly",
"truly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, obsolete or dialectal) Really, truly."
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"obsolete",
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1368-1372, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Book of the Duchess",
"text": "As wis God help me.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Indeed."
],
"id": "en-wis-en-adv-88CTwWbU",
"links": [
[
"Indeed",
"indeed"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, obsolete or dialectal) Indeed."
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"obsolete",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/waɪs/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪs"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-wis.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b2/En-us-wis.ogg/En-us-wis.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/En-us-wis.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "wis"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "wisly"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "wis",
"4": "",
"5": "certain, sure"
},
"expansion": "Middle English wis (“certain, sure”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "iwis",
"3": "iwis, ywis",
"4": "certain, sure"
},
"expansion": "iwis, ywis (“certain, sure”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ġewiss",
"4": "",
"5": "certain, sure"
},
"expansion": "Old English ġewiss (“certain, sure”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmq"
},
"expansion": "North Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "viss",
"3": "",
"4": "certain"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic viss (“certain”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gawissaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gawissaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English wis (“certain, sure”), from an aphetic form of Middle English iwis, ywis (“certain, sure”) (from Old English ġewiss (“certain, sure”)), or of North Germanic origin, akin to Icelandic viss (“certain”). Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *gawissaz. More at iwis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more wis",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most wis",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "wis (comparative more wis, superlative most wis)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "68 1 0 12 1 3 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 4 3 12 4 2 2 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 1 1 2 6 11 5 10 1 0 1 0 0 0 2 5 4 6 5 5 5 5 7 3 2 0 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "West Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Certain."
],
"id": "en-wis-en-adj-gWETs402",
"links": [
[
"Certain",
"certain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, obsolete or dialectal) Certain."
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"obsolete",
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He was wis on his word.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "I am wis that it will happen.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Sure."
],
"id": "en-wis-en-adj-wQwDcVYF",
"links": [
[
"Sure",
"sure"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, obsolete or dialectal) Sure."
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"obsolete",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/waɪs/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪs"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-wis.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b2/En-us-wis.ogg/En-us-wis.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/En-us-wis.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "wis"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "iwis",
"3": "",
"4": "certain"
},
"expansion": "iwis (“certain”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "",
"3": "I wis",
"4": "I know"
},
"expansion": "I wis (“I know”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From an incorrect division, mistaking iwis (“certain”) for I wis (“I know”). See ywis for more information. The German verb wissen may appear similar, but in fact corresponds etymologically to the English verb wit; both of those verbs ultimately descend from the same Proto-Indo-European root as this one.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "wis",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wist",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "wissed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wis",
"2": "-",
"3": "-",
"4": "wist",
"past_ptc2": "wissed"
},
"expansion": "wis (third-person singular simple present wis, no present participle, no simple past, past participle wist or wissed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To know."
],
"id": "en-wis-en-verb-fkIEsBcG",
"links": [
[
"know",
"know"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete or archaic) To know."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"no-past",
"no-present-participle",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To think, suppose."
],
"id": "en-wis-en-verb-uT6X6X6D",
"links": [
[
"think",
"think"
],
[
"suppose",
"suppose"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete or archaic) To think, suppose."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"no-past",
"no-present-participle",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1889, Harriet McEwen Kimball, Poems, \"In the Garden\"",
"text": "And oh, that I should see that star remote / Yet His near Glory miss / Whereto the sun itself and stars do float / As motes, I wis!",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To imagine, ween; to deem."
],
"id": "en-wis-en-verb-S~HnHXWt",
"links": [
[
"imagine",
"imagine"
],
[
"ween",
"ween"
],
[
"deem",
"deem"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete or archaic) To imagine, ween; to deem."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"no-past",
"no-present-participle",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/waɪs/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪs"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-wis.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b2/En-us-wis.ogg/En-us-wis.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/En-us-wis.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "wis"
}
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"English adjectives",
"English adverbs",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from North Germanic languages",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English three-letter words",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/aɪs",
"Rhymes:English/aɪs/1 syllable",
"West Frisian adjectives",
"West Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
"West Frisian lemmas"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "I wis"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "enm",
"3": "wis",
"4": "",
"5": "certain, sure"
},
"expansion": "Middle English wis (“certain, sure”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "iwis",
"3": "iwis, ywis",
"4": "certain, sure"
},
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"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ġewiss",
"4": "",
"5": "certain, sure"
},
"expansion": "Old English ġewiss (“certain, sure”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmq"
},
"expansion": "North Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "viss",
"3": "",
"4": "certain"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic viss (“certain”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gawissaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gawissaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English wis (“certain, sure”), from an aphetic form of Middle English iwis, ywis (“certain, sure”) (from Old English ġewiss (“certain, sure”)), or of North Germanic origin, akin to Icelandic viss (“certain”). Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *gawissaz. More at iwis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more wis",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most wis",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "wis (comparative more wis, superlative most wis)",
"name": "en-adv"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English dialectal terms",
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with rare senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1884, Charlotte Mary Yonge, The armourer's prentices",
"text": "So I wis would the Dragon under him […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Certainly, surely."
],
"links": [
[
"Certainly",
"certainly"
],
[
"surely",
"surely"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, obsolete or dialectal) Certainly, surely."
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"obsolete",
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English dialectal terms",
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Really, truly."
],
"links": [
[
"Really",
"really"
],
[
"truly",
"truly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, obsolete or dialectal) Really, truly."
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"obsolete",
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English dialectal terms",
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with rare senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1368-1372, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Book of the Duchess",
"text": "As wis God help me.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Indeed."
],
"links": [
[
"Indeed",
"indeed"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, obsolete or dialectal) Indeed."
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"obsolete",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/waɪs/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪs"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-wis.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b2/En-us-wis.ogg/En-us-wis.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/En-us-wis.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "wis"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English adjectives",
"English adverbs",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from North Germanic languages",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English three-letter words",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/aɪs",
"Rhymes:English/aɪs/1 syllable",
"West Frisian adjectives",
"West Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
"West Frisian lemmas"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "wisly"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "wis",
"4": "",
"5": "certain, sure"
},
"expansion": "Middle English wis (“certain, sure”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "iwis",
"3": "iwis, ywis",
"4": "certain, sure"
},
"expansion": "iwis, ywis (“certain, sure”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ġewiss",
"4": "",
"5": "certain, sure"
},
"expansion": "Old English ġewiss (“certain, sure”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmq"
},
"expansion": "North Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "viss",
"3": "",
"4": "certain"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic viss (“certain”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gawissaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gawissaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English wis (“certain, sure”), from an aphetic form of Middle English iwis, ywis (“certain, sure”) (from Old English ġewiss (“certain, sure”)), or of North Germanic origin, akin to Icelandic viss (“certain”). Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *gawissaz. More at iwis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more wis",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most wis",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "wis (comparative more wis, superlative most wis)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English dialectal terms",
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Certain."
],
"links": [
[
"Certain",
"certain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, obsolete or dialectal) Certain."
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"obsolete",
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English dialectal terms",
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with rare senses",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He was wis on his word.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "I am wis that it will happen.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Sure."
],
"links": [
[
"Sure",
"sure"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, obsolete or dialectal) Sure."
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"obsolete",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/waɪs/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪs"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-wis.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b2/En-us-wis.ogg/En-us-wis.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/En-us-wis.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "wis"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English three-letter words",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/aɪs",
"Rhymes:English/aɪs/1 syllable",
"West Frisian adjectives",
"West Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
"West Frisian lemmas"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "iwis",
"3": "",
"4": "certain"
},
"expansion": "iwis (“certain”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "",
"3": "I wis",
"4": "I know"
},
"expansion": "I wis (“I know”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From an incorrect division, mistaking iwis (“certain”) for I wis (“I know”). See ywis for more information. The German verb wissen may appear similar, but in fact corresponds etymologically to the English verb wit; both of those verbs ultimately descend from the same Proto-Indo-European root as this one.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "wis",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wist",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "wissed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wis",
"2": "-",
"3": "-",
"4": "wist",
"past_ptc2": "wissed"
},
"expansion": "wis (third-person singular simple present wis, no present participle, no simple past, past participle wist or wissed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To know."
],
"links": [
[
"know",
"know"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete or archaic) To know."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"no-past",
"no-present-participle",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To think, suppose."
],
"links": [
[
"think",
"think"
],
[
"suppose",
"suppose"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete or archaic) To think, suppose."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"no-past",
"no-present-participle",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1889, Harriet McEwen Kimball, Poems, \"In the Garden\"",
"text": "And oh, that I should see that star remote / Yet His near Glory miss / Whereto the sun itself and stars do float / As motes, I wis!",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To imagine, ween; to deem."
],
"links": [
[
"imagine",
"imagine"
],
[
"ween",
"ween"
],
[
"deem",
"deem"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete or archaic) To imagine, ween; to deem."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"no-past",
"no-present-participle",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/waɪs/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪs"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-wis.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b2/En-us-wis.ogg/En-us-wis.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/En-us-wis.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "wis"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (fc4f0c7 and c937495). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.