See certus in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"vulgar"
],
"word": "*certānus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "certē"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "certior fīō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "certiōrem facere"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "certō"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"word": "ciertu"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "cert"
},
{
"lang": "Dalmatian",
"lang_code": "dlm",
"word": "ciart"
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "certes"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "zertus"
},
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "ciert"
},
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "ciertun"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "ceart"
},
{
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"word": "kiart"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "ceart"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cert"
},
{
"lang": "Istriot",
"lang_code": "ist",
"word": "sierto"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tzertu"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "certo"
},
{
"lang": "Ladin",
"lang_code": "lld",
"word": "cert"
},
{
"lang": "Ladin",
"lang_code": "lld",
"word": "cërt"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "cèrt"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "certo"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "certo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"word": "certo"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"word": "cert"
},
{
"lang": "Romansch",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "tschert"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "certu"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "cierto"
},
{
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"word": "çerto"
},
{
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"word": "serto"
},
{
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"word": "zerto"
},
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "certh"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*krey-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*kritos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *kritos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cernō"
},
"expansion": "Latin cernō",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *kritos, the original perfect passive participle of *krinō (Latin cernō). Due to the shift in meaning, it was replaced in the verbal paradigm by crētus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "certa",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "certum",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "certior",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "certissimus",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "certē",
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "certō",
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "certus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "certa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "certum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "certī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "certae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "certa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "certus",
"adv": "certē/certō",
"comp": "certior",
"sup": "certissimus"
},
"expansion": "certus (feminine certa, neuter certum, comparative certior, superlative certissimus, adverb certē or certō); first/second-declension adjective",
"name": "la-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "certus"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "In love, all these flaws are present: wrongs, suspicions, enmities, truces, war, [and] peace again: if you should desire to make these uncertain [things] certain by reasoning, you would accomplish no more than if you made some effort — by way of reason — to become insane.",
"ref": "161 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Eunuchus 1.59–63",
"roman": "quam sī dēs operam ut cum ratiōne īnsāniās.",
"text": "In amōre, haec omnia īnsunt vitia: iniūriae,\nsuspīciōnēs, inimīcitiae, indūtiae,\nbellum, pāx rūrsum: incerta haec sī tū postulēs\nratiōne certa facere, nihilō plūs agās",
"translation": "In love, all these flaws are present: wrongs, suspicions, enmities, truces, war, [and] peace again: if you should desire to make these uncertain [things] certain by reasoning, you would accomplish no more than if you made some effort — by way of reason — to become insane."
}
],
"glosses": [
"certain"
],
"id": "en-certus-la-adj-cNFsu~jk",
"links": [
[
"certain",
"certain"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 42 52 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 46 52 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fixed, settled, firm"
],
"id": "en-certus-la-adj-uRFVA~~P",
"links": [
[
"fixed",
"fixed"
],
[
"settled",
"settled"
],
[
"firm",
"firm"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "incertus"
},
{
"word": "dubius"
},
{
"word": "suspensus"
},
{
"word": "vagus"
},
{
"word": "anceps"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 32 47 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 42 52 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 46 52 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"english": "it is my decision to..., I am resolved to..., I mean...",
"text": "certum est mihi [+ infinitive]",
"translation": "it is my decision to..., I am resolved to..., I mean...",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"resolved, determined"
],
"id": "en-certus-la-adj-75tMpZ83",
"links": [
[
"resolved",
"resolved"
],
[
"determined",
"determined"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "prōmptus"
},
{
"word": "indubius"
},
{
"word": "fixus"
}
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sure"
],
"id": "en-certus-la-adj-wMr88OLW",
"links": [
[
"sure",
"sure"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈkɛr.tʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡ʃɛr.tus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "certus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin adjectives",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin first and second declension adjectives",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *krey-",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"vulgar"
],
"word": "*certānus"
},
{
"word": "certē"
},
{
"word": "certior fīō"
},
{
"word": "certiōrem facere"
},
{
"word": "certō"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"word": "ciertu"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "cert"
},
{
"lang": "Dalmatian",
"lang_code": "dlm",
"word": "ciart"
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "certes"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "zertus"
},
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "ciert"
},
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "ciertun"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "ceart"
},
{
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"word": "kiart"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "ceart"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cert"
},
{
"lang": "Istriot",
"lang_code": "ist",
"word": "sierto"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tzertu"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "certo"
},
{
"lang": "Ladin",
"lang_code": "lld",
"word": "cert"
},
{
"lang": "Ladin",
"lang_code": "lld",
"word": "cërt"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "cèrt"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "certo"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "certo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"word": "certo"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"word": "cert"
},
{
"lang": "Romansch",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "tschert"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "certu"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "cierto"
},
{
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"word": "çerto"
},
{
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"word": "serto"
},
{
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"word": "zerto"
},
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "certh"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*krey-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*kritos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *kritos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cernō"
},
"expansion": "Latin cernō",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *kritos, the original perfect passive participle of *krinō (Latin cernō). Due to the shift in meaning, it was replaced in the verbal paradigm by crētus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "certa",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "certum",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "certior",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "certissimus",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "certē",
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "certō",
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "certus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "certa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "certum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "certī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "certae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "certa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "certus",
"adv": "certē/certō",
"comp": "certior",
"sup": "certissimus"
},
"expansion": "certus (feminine certa, neuter certum, comparative certior, superlative certissimus, adverb certē or certō); first/second-declension adjective",
"name": "la-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "certus"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "In love, all these flaws are present: wrongs, suspicions, enmities, truces, war, [and] peace again: if you should desire to make these uncertain [things] certain by reasoning, you would accomplish no more than if you made some effort — by way of reason — to become insane.",
"ref": "161 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Eunuchus 1.59–63",
"roman": "quam sī dēs operam ut cum ratiōne īnsāniās.",
"text": "In amōre, haec omnia īnsunt vitia: iniūriae,\nsuspīciōnēs, inimīcitiae, indūtiae,\nbellum, pāx rūrsum: incerta haec sī tū postulēs\nratiōne certa facere, nihilō plūs agās",
"translation": "In love, all these flaws are present: wrongs, suspicions, enmities, truces, war, [and] peace again: if you should desire to make these uncertain [things] certain by reasoning, you would accomplish no more than if you made some effort — by way of reason — to become insane."
}
],
"glosses": [
"certain"
],
"links": [
[
"certain",
"certain"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"fixed, settled, firm"
],
"links": [
[
"fixed",
"fixed"
],
[
"settled",
"settled"
],
[
"firm",
"firm"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "incertus"
},
{
"word": "dubius"
},
{
"word": "suspensus"
},
{
"word": "vagus"
},
{
"word": "anceps"
}
],
"categories": [
"Latin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"english": "it is my decision to..., I am resolved to..., I mean...",
"text": "certum est mihi [+ infinitive]",
"translation": "it is my decision to..., I am resolved to..., I mean...",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"resolved, determined"
],
"links": [
[
"resolved",
"resolved"
],
[
"determined",
"determined"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "prōmptus"
},
{
"word": "indubius"
},
{
"word": "fixus"
}
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sure"
],
"links": [
[
"sure",
"sure"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈkɛr.tʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡ʃɛr.tus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "certus"
}
Download raw JSONL data for certus meaning in Latin (8.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (6fdc867 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.