See certo in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "certābundus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "certāmen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "certātim"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "certātiō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "certātor"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "certātus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "certim"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "certor"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "concertō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dēcertō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "incertō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "supercertō"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"word": "qërtoj"
},
{
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"word": "ntsertu"
},
{
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"word": "ntsirtari"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "certare"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "certar"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"word": "certa"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"word": "certare"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "chertare"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "certari"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "certai"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":af",
"3": "certus<t:resolved, certain>",
"4": "-ō<id:denominative>",
"id": "match",
"text": "+",
"title": "certō",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *krey-\nProto-Italic *kritos\nLatin certus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin certō\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*kritos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"certus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"certō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-id=\"match\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"certō\" id=\"Latin:_match\">\nFrom certus (“resolved, certain”) + -ō.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *krey-\nProto-Italic *kritos\nLatin certus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin certō\nFrom certus (“resolved, certain”) + -ō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "certō",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "certāre",
"links": [
[
"certāre",
"certare"
]
],
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "certāvī",
"links": [
[
"certāvī",
"certavi"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "certātum",
"links": [
[
"certātum",
"certatum"
]
],
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "conjugation-1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "certō",
"links": [
[
"certō",
"certo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certās",
"links": [
[
"certās",
"certas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certāmus",
"links": [
[
"certāmus",
"certamus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "certātis",
"links": [
[
"certātis",
"certatis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certābam",
"links": [
[
"certābam",
"certabam#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certābās",
"links": [
[
"certābās",
"certabas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certābat",
"links": [
[
"certābat",
"certabat#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certābāmus",
"links": [
[
"certābāmus",
"certabamus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certābātis",
"links": [
[
"certābātis",
"certabatis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certābant",
"links": [
[
"certābant",
"certabant#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certābō",
"links": [
[
"certābō",
"certabo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certābis",
"links": [
[
"certābis",
"certabis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certābit",
"links": [
[
"certābit",
"certabit#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certābimus",
"links": [
[
"certābimus",
"certabimus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certābitis",
"links": [
[
"certābitis",
"certabitis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certābunt",
"links": [
[
"certābunt",
"certabunt#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certāvī",
"links": [
[
"certāvī",
"certavi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certāvistī",
"links": [
[
"certāvistī",
"certavisti#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certāstī",
"links": [
[
"certāstī",
"certasti#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certāvit",
"links": [
[
"certāvit",
"certavit#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certāt",
"links": [
[
"certāt",
"certat#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certāvimus",
"links": [
[
"certāvimus",
"certavimus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certāmus",
"links": [
[
"certāmus",
"certamus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certāvistis",
"links": [
[
"certāvistis",
"certavistis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certāstis",
"links": [
[
"certāstis",
"certastis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certāvērunt",
"links": [
[
"certāvērunt",
"certaverunt#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certārunt",
"links": [
[
"certārunt",
"certarunt#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certāvēre",
"links": [
[
"certāvēre",
"certavere#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certāveram",
"links": [
[
"certāveram",
"certaveram#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certāram",
"links": [
[
"certāram",
"certaram#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certāverās",
"links": [
[
"certāverās",
"certaveras#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certārās",
"links": [
[
"certārās",
"certaras#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certāverat",
"links": [
[
"certāverat",
"certaverat#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certārat",
"links": [
[
"certārat",
"certarat#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certāverāmus",
"links": [
[
"certāverāmus",
"certaveramus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certārāmus",
"links": [
[
"certārāmus",
"certaramus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certāverātis",
"links": [
[
"certāverātis",
"certaveratis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certārātis",
"links": [
[
"certārātis",
"certaratis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certāverant",
"links": [
[
"certāverant",
"certaverant#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certārant",
"links": [
[
"certārant",
"certarant#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certāverō",
"links": [
[
"certāverō",
"certavero#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certārō",
"links": [
[
"certārō",
"certaro#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certāveris",
"links": [
[
"certāveris",
"certaveris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certāris",
"links": [
[
"certāris",
"certaris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certāverit",
"links": [
[
"certāverit",
"certaverit#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certārit",
"links": [
[
"certārit",
"certarit#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certāverimus",
"links": [
[
"certāverimus",
"certaverimus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certārimus",
"links": [
[
"certārimus",
"certarimus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certāveritis",
"links": [
[
"certāveritis",
"certaveritis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certāritis",
"links": [
[
"certāritis",
"certaritis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certāverint",
"links": [
[
"certāverint",
"certaverint#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certārint",
"links": [
[
"certārint",
"certarint#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certor",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certāris",
"links": [
[
"certāris",
"certaris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certāre",
"links": [
[
"certāre",
"certare#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātur",
"links": [
[
"certātur",
"certatur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certāmur",
"links": [
[
"certāmur",
"certamur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "certāminī",
"links": [
[
"certāminī",
"certamini#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certantur",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certābar",
"links": [
[
"certābar",
"certabar#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certābāris",
"links": [
[
"certābāris",
"certabaris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certābāre",
"links": [
[
"certābāre",
"certabare#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certābātur",
"links": [
[
"certābātur",
"certabatur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certābāmur",
"links": [
[
"certābāmur",
"certabamur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certābāminī",
"links": [
[
"certābāminī",
"certabamini#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certābantur",
"links": [
[
"certābantur",
"certabantur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certābor",
"links": [
[
"certābor",
"certabor#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certāberis",
"links": [
[
"certāberis",
"certaberis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certābere",
"links": [
[
"certābere",
"certabere#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certābitur",
"links": [
[
"certābitur",
"certabitur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certābimur",
"links": [
[
"certābimur",
"certabimur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certābiminī",
"links": [
[
"certābiminī",
"certabimini#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certābuntur",
"links": [
[
"certābuntur",
"certabuntur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certātus + present active indicative of sum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "certātus + imperfect active indicative of sum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "certātus + future active indicative of sum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "certem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certēs",
"links": [
[
"certēs",
"certes#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certēmus",
"links": [
[
"certēmus",
"certemus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certētis",
"links": [
[
"certētis",
"certetis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certārem",
"links": [
[
"certārem",
"certarem#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certārēs",
"links": [
[
"certārēs",
"certares#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certāret",
"links": [
[
"certāret",
"certaret#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certārēmus",
"links": [
[
"certārēmus",
"certaremus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certārētis",
"links": [
[
"certārētis",
"certaretis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certārent",
"links": [
[
"certārent",
"certarent#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certāverim",
"links": [
[
"certāverim",
"certaverim#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certārim",
"links": [
[
"certārim",
"certarim#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certāverīs",
"links": [
[
"certāverīs",
"certaveris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certārīs",
"links": [
[
"certārīs",
"certaris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certāverit",
"links": [
[
"certāverit",
"certaverit#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certārit",
"links": [
[
"certārit",
"certarit#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certāverīmus",
"links": [
[
"certāverīmus",
"certaverimus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certārīmus",
"links": [
[
"certārīmus",
"certarimus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certāverītis",
"links": [
[
"certāverītis",
"certaveritis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certārītis",
"links": [
[
"certārītis",
"certaritis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certāverint",
"links": [
[
"certāverint",
"certaverint#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certārint",
"links": [
[
"certārint",
"certarint#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certāvissem",
"links": [
[
"certāvissem",
"certavissem#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certāssem",
"links": [
[
"certāssem",
"certassem#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certāvissēs",
"links": [
[
"certāvissēs",
"certavisses#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certāssēs",
"links": [
[
"certāssēs",
"certasses#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certāvisset",
"links": [
[
"certāvisset",
"certavisset#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certāsset",
"links": [
[
"certāsset",
"certasset#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certāvissēmus",
"links": [
[
"certāvissēmus",
"certavissemus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certāssēmus",
"links": [
[
"certāssēmus",
"certassemus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certāvissētis",
"links": [
[
"certāvissētis",
"certavissetis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certāssētis",
"links": [
[
"certāssētis",
"certassetis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certāvissent",
"links": [
[
"certāvissent",
"certavissent#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certāssent",
"links": [
[
"certāssent",
"certassent#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certer",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certēris",
"links": [
[
"certēris",
"certeris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certēre",
"links": [
[
"certēre",
"certere#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certētur",
"links": [
[
"certētur",
"certetur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certēmur",
"links": [
[
"certēmur",
"certemur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certēminī",
"links": [
[
"certēminī",
"certemini#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certentur",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certārer",
"links": [
[
"certārer",
"certarer#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certārēris",
"links": [
[
"certārēris",
"certareris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certārēre",
"links": [
[
"certārēre",
"certarere#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certārētur",
"links": [
[
"certārētur",
"certaretur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certārēmur",
"links": [
[
"certārēmur",
"certaremur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certārēminī",
"links": [
[
"certārēminī",
"certaremini#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certārentur",
"links": [
[
"certārentur",
"certarentur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certātus + present active subjunctive of sum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"perfect",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"pluperfect",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certā",
"links": [
[
"certā",
"certa#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "certāte",
"links": [
[
"certāte",
"certate#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātō",
"links": [
[
"certātō",
"certato#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātō",
"links": [
[
"certātō",
"certato#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certātōte",
"links": [
[
"certātōte",
"certatote#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certantō",
"links": [
[
"certantō",
"certanto#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"passive",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certāre",
"links": [
[
"certāre",
"certare#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "certāminī",
"links": [
[
"certāminī",
"certamini#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātor",
"links": [
[
"certātor",
"certator#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātor",
"links": [
[
"certātor",
"certator#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certantor",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certāre",
"links": [
[
"certāre",
"certare#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"infinitive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "certārī",
"links": [
[
"certārī",
"certari#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "certārier",
"links": [
[
"certārier",
"certarier#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "certāns",
"links": [
[
"certāns",
"certans#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "certātūrum esse",
"links": [
[
"certātūrum",
"certaturum#Latin"
],
[
"esse",
"esse#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "certātum īrī",
"links": [
[
"certātum",
"certatum#Latin"
],
[
"īrī",
"iri#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"infinitive",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "certātūrus",
"links": [
[
"certātūrus",
"certaturus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "certandus",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"participle",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "certāvisse",
"links": [
[
"certāvisse",
"certavisse#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"infinitive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "certāsse",
"links": [
[
"certāsse",
"certasse#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"infinitive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "certātum esse",
"links": [
[
"certātum",
"certatum#Latin"
],
[
"esse",
"esse#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "certātus",
"links": [
[
"certātus",
"certatus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"infinitive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "certātum fore",
"links": [
[
"certātum",
"certatum#Latin"
],
[
"fore",
"fore#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"infinitive",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"participle",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"participle",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "certātūrum fuisse",
"links": [
[
"certātūrum",
"certaturum#Latin"
],
[
"fuisse",
"fuisse#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"infinitive",
"perfect",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"passive",
"perfect",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"perfect",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"perfect",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "certandī",
"links": [
[
"certandī",
"certandi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"gerund",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "certandō",
"links": [
[
"certandō",
"certando#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dative",
"gerund",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "certandum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"gerund",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "certandō",
"links": [
[
"certandō",
"certando#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"gerund",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "certātum",
"links": [
[
"certātum",
"certatum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"noun-from-verb",
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "certātū",
"links": [
[
"certātū",
"certatu#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"noun-from-verb",
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "certor",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "1+.p3inf.poet-sync-perf",
"2": "certō"
},
"expansion": "certō (present infinitive certāre, perfect active certāvī, supine certātum); first conjugation",
"name": "la-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "1+.p3inf.poet-sync-perf",
"2": "certō"
},
"name": "la-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 2 33 12 3 4 3 37 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 11 10 11 22 20 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin first conjugation verbs with perfect in -āv-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to match, vie with, emulate"
],
"id": "en-certo-la-verb-PET97ioc",
"links": [
[
"match",
"match"
],
[
"vie",
"vie"
],
[
"emulate",
"emulate"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aemulor"
}
],
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"conjugation-1"
]
},
{
"categories": [
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"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to fight, wrestle"
],
"id": "en-certo-la-verb-la:fight",
"links": [
[
"fight",
"fight"
],
[
"wrestle",
"wrestle"
]
],
"senseid": [
"la:fight"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lūctor"
},
{
"word": "repugnō"
},
{
"word": "pugnō"
},
{
"word": "contendō"
},
{
"word": "dēcernō"
},
{
"word": "concurrō"
},
{
"word": "bellō"
},
{
"word": "dīmicō"
},
{
"word": "cōnflīgō"
},
{
"word": "committō"
},
{
"word": "serō"
},
{
"word": "dēcertō"
}
],
"tags": [
"conjugation-1"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Sports",
"orig": "la:Sports",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "As soon as he grew to adulthood, endowed with strength and handsome appearance but above all vigorous in his intelligence, he did not give himself to being spoilt by either extravagance or idleness but rather, as is the custom of his nation, he rode on horseback, threw javelins, contended in races with his equals, and although he went before all in glory, he was dear to all; besides this, he gave much time to hunting and he was the first or among the first to strike the lion or other wild beasts; he did very much but spoke very little of himself.",
"ref": "c. 40 BCE, Gaius Sallustius Crispus, Bellum Jugurthinum 6.1",
"text": "Qui ubi primum adolevit, pollens viribus, decora facie, sed multo maxume ingenio validus, non se luxu neque inertiae corrumpendum dedit, sed, uti mos gentis illius est, equitare, iaculari, cursu cum aequalibus certare, et quom omnis gloria anteiret, omnibus tamen carus esse; ad hoc pleraque tempora in venando agere, leonem atque alias feras primus aut in primis ferire; plurimum facere et minimum ipse de se loqui.",
"translation": "As soon as he grew to adulthood, endowed with strength and handsome appearance but above all vigorous in his intelligence, he did not give himself to being spoilt by either extravagance or idleness but rather, as is the custom of his nation, he rode on horseback, threw javelins, contended in races with his equals, and although he went before all in glory, he was dear to all; besides this, he gave much time to hunting and he was the first or among the first to strike the lion or other wild beasts; he did very much but spoke very little of himself.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to contend, compete, race"
],
"id": "en-certo-la-verb-lSTrEF1h",
"links": [
[
"contend",
"contend"
],
[
"compete",
"compete"
],
[
"race",
"race"
]
],
"tags": [
"conjugation-1"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 11 10 11 22 20 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin first conjugation verbs with perfect in -āv-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to struggle, strive"
],
"id": "en-certo-la-verb-igfgfCVZ",
"links": [
[
"struggle",
"struggle"
],
[
"strive",
"strive"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lūctor"
},
{
"word": "cōnītor"
},
{
"word": "cōnor"
},
{
"word": "ēlabōrō"
},
{
"word": "temptō"
},
{
"word": "affectō"
},
{
"word": "adnītor"
},
{
"word": "īnsequor"
},
{
"word": "appetō"
},
{
"word": "labōrō"
},
{
"word": "tendō"
},
{
"word": "quaerō"
},
{
"word": "studeō"
},
{
"word": "ēnītor"
},
{
"word": "pugnō"
},
{
"word": "mōlior"
},
{
"word": "contendō"
},
{
"word": "perīclitor"
}
],
"tags": [
"conjugation-1"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "la:Military",
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},
{
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{
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},
{
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{
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"parents": [],
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},
{
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"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"kind": "other",
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{
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],
"glosses": [
"to fight it out"
],
"id": "en-certo-la-verb-7ap9D6Hl",
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"fight",
"fight"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(military) to fight it out"
],
"tags": [
"conjugation-1"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "la:Law",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "17 11 10 11 22 20 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin first conjugation verbs with perfect in -āv-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to dispute"
],
"id": "en-certo-la-verb-vT3NndXe",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"dispute",
"dispute"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) to dispute"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dēcertō"
},
{
"word": "contendō"
}
],
"tags": [
"conjugation-1"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "These try to defend with javelins, those with stones",
"ref": "Vergilius, Aeneid X, 130",
"text": "Hi iaculis, illi certant defendere saxis",
"translation": "These try to defend with javelins, those with stones",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to try hard"
],
"id": "en-certo-la-verb-MXf9Cny-",
"links": [
[
"infinitive",
"infinitive"
],
[
"try",
"try"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with infinitive) to try hard"
],
"tags": [
"conjugation-1",
"with-infinitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈkɛr.toː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡ʃɛr.to]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "certo"
}
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"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *krey-\nProto-Italic *kritos\nLatin certus\nProto-Italic *-ōd\nLatin -ō\nLatin certō\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*kritos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"certus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"adverb\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"abl\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"redlink\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ōd\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"certō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-id=\"certainly\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"certō\" id=\"Latin:_certainly\">\nFrom certus + -ō.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *krey-\nProto-Italic *kritos\nLatin certus\nProto-Italic *-ōd\nLatin -ō\nLatin certō\nFrom certus + -ō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "certō",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "certius",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "certissimē",
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[
"certissimē",
"certissime"
]
],
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}
],
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"certainly, surely"
],
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[
"certainly",
"certainly"
],
[
"surely",
"surely"
]
]
},
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},
{
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},
{
"_dis": "6 94",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"with certainty, without doubt"
],
"id": "en-certo-la-adv-xAm0Dfk9",
"links": [
[
"certainty",
"certainty"
],
[
"doubt",
"doubt"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈkɛr.toː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡ʃɛr.to]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "certē"
}
],
"word": "certo"
}
{
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"nl": "1"
},
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"name": "ety"
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],
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"forms": [
{
"form": "certō",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
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"2": "adjective form",
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"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
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{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "certus"
}
],
"glosses": [
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],
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[
"certus",
"certus#Latin"
]
],
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"dative",
"form-of",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
}
],
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{
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"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡ʃɛr.to]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "certo"
}
{
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"Latin adjective forms",
"Latin entries with etymology texts",
"Latin entries with etymology trees",
"Latin entries with etymon",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin first conjugation verbs",
"Latin first conjugation verbs with perfect in -āv-",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *krey-",
"Latin terms suffixed with -o (denominative)",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin verbs",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"la:Sports"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "certābundus"
},
{
"word": "certāmen"
},
{
"word": "certātim"
},
{
"word": "certātiō"
},
{
"word": "certātor"
},
{
"word": "certātus"
},
{
"word": "certim"
},
{
"word": "certor"
},
{
"word": "concertō"
},
{
"word": "dēcertō"
},
{
"word": "incertō"
},
{
"word": "supercertō"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"word": "qërtoj"
},
{
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"word": "ntsertu"
},
{
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"word": "ntsirtari"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "certare"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "certar"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"word": "certa"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"word": "certare"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "chertare"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "certari"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "certai"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":af",
"3": "certus<t:resolved, certain>",
"4": "-ō<id:denominative>",
"id": "match",
"text": "+",
"title": "certō",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *krey-\nProto-Italic *kritos\nLatin certus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin certō\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*kritos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"certus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"certō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-id=\"match\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"certō\" id=\"Latin:_match\">\nFrom certus (“resolved, certain”) + -ō.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *krey-\nProto-Italic *kritos\nLatin certus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin certō\nFrom certus (“resolved, certain”) + -ō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "certō",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "certāre",
"links": [
[
"certāre",
"certare"
]
],
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "certāvī",
"links": [
[
"certāvī",
"certavi"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "certātum",
"links": [
[
"certātum",
"certatum"
]
],
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "conjugation-1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "certō",
"links": [
[
"certō",
"certo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certās",
"links": [
[
"certās",
"certas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certāmus",
"links": [
[
"certāmus",
"certamus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "certātis",
"links": [
[
"certātis",
"certatis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certābam",
"links": [
[
"certābam",
"certabam#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certābās",
"links": [
[
"certābās",
"certabas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certābat",
"links": [
[
"certābat",
"certabat#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certābāmus",
"links": [
[
"certābāmus",
"certabamus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certābātis",
"links": [
[
"certābātis",
"certabatis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certābant",
"links": [
[
"certābant",
"certabant#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certābō",
"links": [
[
"certābō",
"certabo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certābis",
"links": [
[
"certābis",
"certabis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certābit",
"links": [
[
"certābit",
"certabit#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certābimus",
"links": [
[
"certābimus",
"certabimus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certābitis",
"links": [
[
"certābitis",
"certabitis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certābunt",
"links": [
[
"certābunt",
"certabunt#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certāvī",
"links": [
[
"certāvī",
"certavi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certāvistī",
"links": [
[
"certāvistī",
"certavisti#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certāstī",
"links": [
[
"certāstī",
"certasti#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certāvit",
"links": [
[
"certāvit",
"certavit#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certāt",
"links": [
[
"certāt",
"certat#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certāvimus",
"links": [
[
"certāvimus",
"certavimus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certāmus",
"links": [
[
"certāmus",
"certamus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certāvistis",
"links": [
[
"certāvistis",
"certavistis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certāstis",
"links": [
[
"certāstis",
"certastis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certāvērunt",
"links": [
[
"certāvērunt",
"certaverunt#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certārunt",
"links": [
[
"certārunt",
"certarunt#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certāvēre",
"links": [
[
"certāvēre",
"certavere#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certāveram",
"links": [
[
"certāveram",
"certaveram#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certāram",
"links": [
[
"certāram",
"certaram#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certāverās",
"links": [
[
"certāverās",
"certaveras#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certārās",
"links": [
[
"certārās",
"certaras#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certāverat",
"links": [
[
"certāverat",
"certaverat#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certārat",
"links": [
[
"certārat",
"certarat#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certāverāmus",
"links": [
[
"certāverāmus",
"certaveramus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certārāmus",
"links": [
[
"certārāmus",
"certaramus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certāverātis",
"links": [
[
"certāverātis",
"certaveratis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certārātis",
"links": [
[
"certārātis",
"certaratis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certāverant",
"links": [
[
"certāverant",
"certaverant#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certārant",
"links": [
[
"certārant",
"certarant#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certāverō",
"links": [
[
"certāverō",
"certavero#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certārō",
"links": [
[
"certārō",
"certaro#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certāveris",
"links": [
[
"certāveris",
"certaveris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certāris",
"links": [
[
"certāris",
"certaris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certāverit",
"links": [
[
"certāverit",
"certaverit#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certārit",
"links": [
[
"certārit",
"certarit#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certāverimus",
"links": [
[
"certāverimus",
"certaverimus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certārimus",
"links": [
[
"certārimus",
"certarimus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certāveritis",
"links": [
[
"certāveritis",
"certaveritis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certāritis",
"links": [
[
"certāritis",
"certaritis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certāverint",
"links": [
[
"certāverint",
"certaverint#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certārint",
"links": [
[
"certārint",
"certarint#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certor",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certāris",
"links": [
[
"certāris",
"certaris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certāre",
"links": [
[
"certāre",
"certare#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātur",
"links": [
[
"certātur",
"certatur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certāmur",
"links": [
[
"certāmur",
"certamur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "certāminī",
"links": [
[
"certāminī",
"certamini#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certantur",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certābar",
"links": [
[
"certābar",
"certabar#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certābāris",
"links": [
[
"certābāris",
"certabaris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certābāre",
"links": [
[
"certābāre",
"certabare#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certābātur",
"links": [
[
"certābātur",
"certabatur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certābāmur",
"links": [
[
"certābāmur",
"certabamur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certābāminī",
"links": [
[
"certābāminī",
"certabamini#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certābantur",
"links": [
[
"certābantur",
"certabantur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certābor",
"links": [
[
"certābor",
"certabor#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certāberis",
"links": [
[
"certāberis",
"certaberis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certābere",
"links": [
[
"certābere",
"certabere#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certābitur",
"links": [
[
"certābitur",
"certabitur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certābimur",
"links": [
[
"certābimur",
"certabimur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certābiminī",
"links": [
[
"certābiminī",
"certabimini#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certābuntur",
"links": [
[
"certābuntur",
"certabuntur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certātus + present active indicative of sum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "certātus + imperfect active indicative of sum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "certātus + future active indicative of sum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "certem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certēs",
"links": [
[
"certēs",
"certes#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certēmus",
"links": [
[
"certēmus",
"certemus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certētis",
"links": [
[
"certētis",
"certetis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certārem",
"links": [
[
"certārem",
"certarem#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certārēs",
"links": [
[
"certārēs",
"certares#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certāret",
"links": [
[
"certāret",
"certaret#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certārēmus",
"links": [
[
"certārēmus",
"certaremus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certārētis",
"links": [
[
"certārētis",
"certaretis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certārent",
"links": [
[
"certārent",
"certarent#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certāverim",
"links": [
[
"certāverim",
"certaverim#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certārim",
"links": [
[
"certārim",
"certarim#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certāverīs",
"links": [
[
"certāverīs",
"certaveris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certārīs",
"links": [
[
"certārīs",
"certaris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certāverit",
"links": [
[
"certāverit",
"certaverit#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certārit",
"links": [
[
"certārit",
"certarit#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certāverīmus",
"links": [
[
"certāverīmus",
"certaverimus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certārīmus",
"links": [
[
"certārīmus",
"certarimus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certāverītis",
"links": [
[
"certāverītis",
"certaveritis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certārītis",
"links": [
[
"certārītis",
"certaritis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certāverint",
"links": [
[
"certāverint",
"certaverint#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certārint",
"links": [
[
"certārint",
"certarint#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certāvissem",
"links": [
[
"certāvissem",
"certavissem#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certāssem",
"links": [
[
"certāssem",
"certassem#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certāvissēs",
"links": [
[
"certāvissēs",
"certavisses#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certāssēs",
"links": [
[
"certāssēs",
"certasses#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certāvisset",
"links": [
[
"certāvisset",
"certavisset#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certāsset",
"links": [
[
"certāsset",
"certasset#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certāvissēmus",
"links": [
[
"certāvissēmus",
"certavissemus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certāssēmus",
"links": [
[
"certāssēmus",
"certassemus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certāvissētis",
"links": [
[
"certāvissētis",
"certavissetis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certāssētis",
"links": [
[
"certāssētis",
"certassetis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certāvissent",
"links": [
[
"certāvissent",
"certavissent#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certāssent",
"links": [
[
"certāssent",
"certassent#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certer",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certēris",
"links": [
[
"certēris",
"certeris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certēre",
"links": [
[
"certēre",
"certere#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certētur",
"links": [
[
"certētur",
"certetur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certēmur",
"links": [
[
"certēmur",
"certemur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certēminī",
"links": [
[
"certēminī",
"certemini#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certentur",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certārer",
"links": [
[
"certārer",
"certarer#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certārēris",
"links": [
[
"certārēris",
"certareris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certārēre",
"links": [
[
"certārēre",
"certarere#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certārētur",
"links": [
[
"certārētur",
"certaretur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certārēmur",
"links": [
[
"certārēmur",
"certaremur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certārēminī",
"links": [
[
"certārēminī",
"certaremini#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certārentur",
"links": [
[
"certārentur",
"certarentur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certātus + present active subjunctive of sum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"perfect",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "certātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"pluperfect",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certā",
"links": [
[
"certā",
"certa#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "certāte",
"links": [
[
"certāte",
"certate#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātō",
"links": [
[
"certātō",
"certato#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātō",
"links": [
[
"certātō",
"certato#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certātōte",
"links": [
[
"certātōte",
"certatote#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certantō",
"links": [
[
"certantō",
"certanto#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"passive",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certāre",
"links": [
[
"certāre",
"certare#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "certāminī",
"links": [
[
"certāminī",
"certamini#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātor",
"links": [
[
"certātor",
"certator#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātor",
"links": [
[
"certātor",
"certator#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certantor",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "certāre",
"links": [
[
"certāre",
"certare#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"infinitive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "certārī",
"links": [
[
"certārī",
"certari#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "certārier",
"links": [
[
"certārier",
"certarier#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "certāns",
"links": [
[
"certāns",
"certans#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "certātūrum esse",
"links": [
[
"certātūrum",
"certaturum#Latin"
],
[
"esse",
"esse#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "certātum īrī",
"links": [
[
"certātum",
"certatum#Latin"
],
[
"īrī",
"iri#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"infinitive",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "certātūrus",
"links": [
[
"certātūrus",
"certaturus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "certandus",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"participle",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "certāvisse",
"links": [
[
"certāvisse",
"certavisse#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"infinitive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "certāsse",
"links": [
[
"certāsse",
"certasse#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"infinitive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "certātum esse",
"links": [
[
"certātum",
"certatum#Latin"
],
[
"esse",
"esse#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "certātus",
"links": [
[
"certātus",
"certatus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"infinitive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "certātum fore",
"links": [
[
"certātum",
"certatum#Latin"
],
[
"fore",
"fore#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"infinitive",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"participle",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"participle",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "certātūrum fuisse",
"links": [
[
"certātūrum",
"certaturum#Latin"
],
[
"fuisse",
"fuisse#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"infinitive",
"perfect",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"passive",
"perfect",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"perfect",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"perfect",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "certandī",
"links": [
[
"certandī",
"certandi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"gerund",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "certandō",
"links": [
[
"certandō",
"certando#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dative",
"gerund",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "certandum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"gerund",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "certandō",
"links": [
[
"certandō",
"certando#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"gerund",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "certātum",
"links": [
[
"certātum",
"certatum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"noun-from-verb",
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "certātū",
"links": [
[
"certātū",
"certatu#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"noun-from-verb",
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "certor",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "1+.p3inf.poet-sync-perf",
"2": "certō"
},
"expansion": "certō (present infinitive certāre, perfect active certāvī, supine certātum); first conjugation",
"name": "la-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "1+.p3inf.poet-sync-perf",
"2": "certō"
},
"name": "la-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to match, vie with, emulate"
],
"links": [
[
"match",
"match"
],
[
"vie",
"vie"
],
[
"emulate",
"emulate"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aemulor"
}
],
"tags": [
"conjugation-1"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to fight, wrestle"
],
"links": [
[
"fight",
"fight"
],
[
"wrestle",
"wrestle"
]
],
"senseid": [
"la:fight"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lūctor"
},
{
"word": "repugnō"
},
{
"word": "pugnō"
},
{
"word": "contendō"
},
{
"word": "dēcernō"
},
{
"word": "concurrō"
},
{
"word": "bellō"
},
{
"word": "dīmicō"
},
{
"word": "cōnflīgō"
},
{
"word": "committō"
},
{
"word": "serō"
},
{
"word": "dēcertō"
}
],
"tags": [
"conjugation-1"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "As soon as he grew to adulthood, endowed with strength and handsome appearance but above all vigorous in his intelligence, he did not give himself to being spoilt by either extravagance or idleness but rather, as is the custom of his nation, he rode on horseback, threw javelins, contended in races with his equals, and although he went before all in glory, he was dear to all; besides this, he gave much time to hunting and he was the first or among the first to strike the lion or other wild beasts; he did very much but spoke very little of himself.",
"ref": "c. 40 BCE, Gaius Sallustius Crispus, Bellum Jugurthinum 6.1",
"text": "Qui ubi primum adolevit, pollens viribus, decora facie, sed multo maxume ingenio validus, non se luxu neque inertiae corrumpendum dedit, sed, uti mos gentis illius est, equitare, iaculari, cursu cum aequalibus certare, et quom omnis gloria anteiret, omnibus tamen carus esse; ad hoc pleraque tempora in venando agere, leonem atque alias feras primus aut in primis ferire; plurimum facere et minimum ipse de se loqui.",
"translation": "As soon as he grew to adulthood, endowed with strength and handsome appearance but above all vigorous in his intelligence, he did not give himself to being spoilt by either extravagance or idleness but rather, as is the custom of his nation, he rode on horseback, threw javelins, contended in races with his equals, and although he went before all in glory, he was dear to all; besides this, he gave much time to hunting and he was the first or among the first to strike the lion or other wild beasts; he did very much but spoke very little of himself.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to contend, compete, race"
],
"links": [
[
"contend",
"contend"
],
[
"compete",
"compete"
],
[
"race",
"race"
]
],
"tags": [
"conjugation-1"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to struggle, strive"
],
"links": [
[
"struggle",
"struggle"
],
[
"strive",
"strive"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lūctor"
},
{
"word": "cōnītor"
},
{
"word": "cōnor"
},
{
"word": "ēlabōrō"
},
{
"word": "temptō"
},
{
"word": "affectō"
},
{
"word": "adnītor"
},
{
"word": "īnsequor"
},
{
"word": "appetō"
},
{
"word": "labōrō"
},
{
"word": "tendō"
},
{
"word": "quaerō"
},
{
"word": "studeō"
},
{
"word": "ēnītor"
},
{
"word": "pugnō"
},
{
"word": "mōlior"
},
{
"word": "contendō"
},
{
"word": "perīclitor"
}
],
"tags": [
"conjugation-1"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"la:Military"
],
"glosses": [
"to fight it out"
],
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"fight",
"fight"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(military) to fight it out"
],
"tags": [
"conjugation-1"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"la:Law"
],
"glosses": [
"to dispute"
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"dispute",
"dispute"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) to dispute"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dēcertō"
},
{
"word": "contendō"
}
],
"tags": [
"conjugation-1"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "These try to defend with javelins, those with stones",
"ref": "Vergilius, Aeneid X, 130",
"text": "Hi iaculis, illi certant defendere saxis",
"translation": "These try to defend with javelins, those with stones",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to try hard"
],
"links": [
[
"infinitive",
"infinitive"
],
[
"try",
"try"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with infinitive) to try hard"
],
"tags": [
"conjugation-1",
"with-infinitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈkɛr.toː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡ʃɛr.to]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "certo"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin adjective forms",
"Latin adverbs",
"Latin entries with etymology texts",
"Latin entries with etymology trees",
"Latin entries with etymon",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *krey-",
"Latin terms suffixed with -o (adverb)",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"la:Sports"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":af",
"3": "certus",
"4": "-ō<id:adverb>",
"id": "certainly",
"text": "+",
"title": "certō",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *krey-\nProto-Italic *kritos\nLatin certus\nProto-Italic *-ōd\nLatin -ō\nLatin certō\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*kritos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"certus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"adverb\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"abl\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"redlink\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ōd\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"certō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-id=\"certainly\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"certō\" id=\"Latin:_certainly\">\nFrom certus + -ō.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *krey-\nProto-Italic *kritos\nLatin certus\nProto-Italic *-ōd\nLatin -ō\nLatin certō\nFrom certus + -ō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "certō",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "certius",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "certissimē",
"links": [
[
"certissimē",
"certissime"
]
],
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "certō"
},
"expansion": "certō (comparative certius, superlative certissimē)",
"name": "la-adv"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"certainly, surely"
],
"links": [
[
"certainly",
"certainly"
],
[
"surely",
"surely"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"with certainty, without doubt"
],
"links": [
[
"certainty",
"certainty"
],
[
"doubt",
"doubt"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈkɛr.toː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡ʃɛr.to]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "certē"
}
],
"word": "certo"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin adjective forms",
"Latin entries with etymon",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"la:Sports"
],
"etymology_number": "3",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"nl": "1"
},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "certō",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "adjective form",
"head": "certō"
},
"expansion": "certō",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "certus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of certus"
],
"links": [
[
"certus",
"certus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dative",
"form-of",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈkɛr.toː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡ʃɛr.to]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "certo"
}
Download raw JSONL data for certo meaning in Latin (41.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-07-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-07-06 using wiktextract (e62056b and e7887d5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.