See backbone in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "backboned"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "backboneless"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "Bustamante backbone"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "to the backbone"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bakbon"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bakbon",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "back",
"3": "bone"
},
"expansion": "back + bone",
"name": "com"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ridgebone"
},
"expansion": "English ridgebone",
"name": "nc"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English bakbon, bakebon, bac-bon; equivalent to back + bone. Compare the semantically analogous English ridgebone.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "backbones",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "backbone (countable and uncountable, plural backbones)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"holonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:backbone",
"word": "skeleton"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"meronyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:backbone",
"word": "vertebra"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:backbone",
"word": "sacrum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:backbone",
"word": "intervertebral disc"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:backbone",
"word": "coccyx"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:backbone",
"word": "tailbone"
}
],
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 19 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English endocentric compounds",
"parents": [
"Endocentric compounds",
"Compound terms",
"Terms by etymology"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 29 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "58 19 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "67 20 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 27 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 30 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 27 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 20 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 20 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 20 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Basque translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 20 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Breton translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "57 21 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Brunei Bisaya translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 22 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 20 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 19 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Central Dusun translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "76 16 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "64 19 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Coastal Kadazan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 21 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "61 20 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 19 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "57 21 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 20 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 20 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 20 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 20 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 22 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 28 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 20 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 28 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 20 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 32 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 20 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "58 22 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Interlingua translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 22 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Iranun translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 20 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "57 21 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "57 21 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 20 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kapampangan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 21 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Khmer translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "57 21 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kimaragang translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "57 21 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 20 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "57 21 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lotud translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 20 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 20 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 26 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 20 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 22 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Navajo translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 20 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "67 19 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 20 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 34 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 22 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old Norse translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 20 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 19 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 22 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 20 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "57 21 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 20 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 21 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 20 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 17 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 20 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 19 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tagal Murut translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 20 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 19 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tambunan Dusun translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 20 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tatar translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 21 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "57 21 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Timugon Murut translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 20 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 20 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 21 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Volapük translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "57 21 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with West Coast Bajau translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 19 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yami translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 25 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Timugon Murut terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 20 15",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Skeleton",
"orig": "en:Skeleton",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"All topics",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Health"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The series of vertebrae, separated by disks, that encloses and protects the spinal cord, and runs down the middle of the back in vertebrate animals."
],
"id": "en-backbone-en-noun-uOvY9aRM",
"links": [
[
"vertebrae",
"vertebrae"
],
[
"spinal cord",
"spinal cord"
],
[
"vertebrate",
"vertebrate"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕamūd faqriyy",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "عَمُود فَقْرِيّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "oġnašar",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "ողնաշար"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "onurğa"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "bizkarrezur"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "bsb",
"lang": "Brunei Bisaya",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "boruntud"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "grǎbnak",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "гръбнак"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "ca",
"english": "ground animals and humans",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "columna vertebral"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"fish",
"ichthyology",
"zoology",
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
],
"word": "espina dorsal"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "ca",
"english": "human",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "espinada"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "dtp",
"lang": "Central Dusun",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "oruntud"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "骨幹"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "gǔgàn",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "骨干"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jígǔ",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "脊骨"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bèigǔ",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "背骨"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jǐzhuī",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "脊椎"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "kzj",
"lang": "Coastal Kadazan",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "tountud"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "páteř"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "rygrad"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ruggengraat"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "egy",
"lang": "Egyptian",
"roman": "psḏ",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "p-s-D:F37"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "vertebraro"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "selkäranka"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "colonne vertébrale"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rachis"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "épine dorsale"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "columna vertebral"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "xerxemali",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "ხერხემალი"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Rückgrat"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Wirbelsäule"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "spondylikí stíli",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "σπονδυλική στήλη"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "rachokokaliá",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ραχοκοκαλιά"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "rhákhis",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ῥάχις"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "'amúd shidrá",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "עַמּוּד שִׁדְרָה"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "gerincoszlop"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "hátgerinc"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "gerinc"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hryggur"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "ill",
"lang": "Iranun",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "tangkal"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cnámh droma"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "slat droma"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spina dorsale"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "colonna vertebrale"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rachide"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"alt": "せぼね",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sebone",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "背骨"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"alt": "せきつい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sekitsui",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "脊椎"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"alt": "せきちゅう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sekichū",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "脊柱"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "gulugud"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "c’əŋ knɑɑŋ",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "ឆ្អឹងខ្នង"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "kqr",
"lang": "Kimaragang",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "toruntud"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "birrbrre",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "بڕبڕە"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "columna vertebralis"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mugurkauls"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "dtr",
"lang": "Lotud",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "toruntud"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "’rbet",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "’рбет"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kíčma",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ки́чма"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "tulang belakang"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "iwituararo"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "iwituaroa"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "íígháán"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "hwííshgháán"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ryggrad"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ryggsøyle"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "virvelsøyle"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ryggrad"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ryggsøyle"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "virvelsøyle"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "hryċġbān"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "sotun-e faqarât",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "ستون فقرات"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kręgosłup"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "coluna vertebral"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "espinha"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "espinha dorsal"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "coloană vertebrală"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "ro",
"english": "the backbone",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "șira spinării"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pozvonóčnik",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "позвоно́чник"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xrebét",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "хребе́т"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cnàimh an droma"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "краљеҗница"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "кичма"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "хрптењача"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "kralježnica"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "kičma"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "hrptenjača"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hrbtenica"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "espina dorsal"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "columna vertebral"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "ryggrad"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "mvv",
"lang": "Tagal Murut",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "baluntur"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "guluguran"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "bangananan"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "gulugod"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "kzt",
"lang": "Tambunan Dusun",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "toruntud"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "umırtkalıq",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "умырткалык"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "grà-dùuk-sǎn-lǎng",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "กระดูกสันหลัง"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "tih",
"lang": "Timugon Murut",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "baluntur"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "omurga"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "xương sống"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "bäkabom"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "bdr",
"lang": "West Coast Bajau",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "teruntud"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "tao",
"lang": "Yami",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "vokot"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 19 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English endocentric compounds",
"parents": [
"Endocentric compounds",
"Compound terms",
"Terms by etymology"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 34 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Before automobiles, railroads were a backbone of commerce.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1945 November and December, H. C. Casserley, “Random Reflections on British Locomotive Types—1”, in Railway Magazine, page 320:",
"text": "Undoubtedly it can be said that the humble 0-6-0 has been the backbone for general service, or general utility on British railways right from their earliest days, and is likely to remain so.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1959 April, P. Ransome-Wallis, “The Southern in Trouble on the Kent Coast”, in Trains Illustrated, London: Ian Allan Publishing, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 212:",
"text": "With little regular employment available in East Kent the backbone of the Kent Coast passenger traffic is therefore the commuters, the not inconsiderable numbers of people who travel each day to their work in Faversham, Sittingbourne, the Medway Towns and most of all, London.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1989 December 10, John Zeh, “AIDS Groups' Execs Arrested In D.C.”, in Gay Community News, volume 17, number 22, page 1:",
"text": "The San Francisco AIDS Foundation (SFAF) and other community-based organizations that \"provide backbone and leadership\" in AIDS services are \"reeling under the impact of growing case loads,\" said Pat Christen, SFAF's new director.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure."
],
"id": "en-backbone-en-noun-LoNVxOPg",
"links": [
[
"fundamental",
"fundamental"
],
[
"support",
"support"
],
[
"structure",
"structure"
],
[
"infrastructure",
"infrastructure"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) Any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"figuratively",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 95 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "diʕāma",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "دِعَامَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 1",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "himkʻ",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"word": "հիմք"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 1",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"word": "özək"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "osnova",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"word": "основа"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "opora",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"word": "опора"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fundament"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "basis"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ruggengraat"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"word": "selkäranka"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "épine dorsale"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Rückgrat"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "rachokokaliá",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ραχοκοκαλιά"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"word": "gerinc"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 1",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "uppistaða"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 1",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "meginstoð"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "base"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"word": "spina dorsale"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"word": "struttura portante"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "pótpora",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "по́тпора"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 1",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ryggrad"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"word": "trzon"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "base"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "espinha dorsal"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "coloană vertebrală"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xrebét",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "хребе́т"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kostják",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "костя́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "osnóva",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "осно́ва"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 1",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bun-structar"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "краљеҗница"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "кичма"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "kralježnica"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "kičma"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "columna vertebral"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "ryggrad"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"word": "grundstomme"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"word": "omurga"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 19 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English endocentric compounds",
"parents": [
"Endocentric compounds",
"Compound terms",
"Terms by etymology"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 34 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He would make a good manager, if he had a little more backbone.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1899 February, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number M, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part I, page 207:",
"text": "His appearance was certainly that of a hairdresser's dummy; but in the great demoralization of the land he kept up his appearance. That's backbone. His starched collars and got-up shirt-fronts were achievements of character. He had been out nearly three years; and, later, I could not help asking him how he managed to sport such linen.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Courage, fortitude, or strength."
],
"id": "en-backbone-en-noun-rpTAwKVD",
"links": [
[
"Courage",
"courage"
],
[
"fortitude",
"fortitude"
],
[
"strength",
"strength"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) Courage, fortitude, or strength."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"figuratively",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šajāʕa",
"sense": "courage, fortitude, or strength",
"word": "شَجَاعَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "courage, fortitude, or strength",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "coratge"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "courage, fortitude, or strength",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "rygrad"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "courage, fortitude, or strength",
"word": "selkäranka"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "courage, fortitude, or strength",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "courage"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "pxa",
"sense": "courage, fortitude, or strength",
"word": "ფხა"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "courage, fortitude, or strength",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Rückgrat"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "courage, fortitude, or strength",
"word": "gerinc"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "courage, fortitude, or strength",
"word": "jellem"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "courage, fortitude, or strength",
"word": "tartás"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "courage, fortitude, or strength",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "skapfesta"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "courage, fortitude, or strength",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bein í nefinu"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "courage, fortitude, or strength",
"word": "kurajo"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "courage, fortitude, or strength",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "coraggio"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "courage, fortitude, or strength",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mugurkauls"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "courage, fortitude, or strength",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ryggrad"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "courage, fortitude, or strength",
"word": "charakter"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "courage, fortitude, or strength",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kręgosłup"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "courage, fortitude, or strength",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "firmeza"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "stérženʹ",
"sense": "courage, fortitude, or strength",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сте́ржень"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "courage, fortitude, or strength",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cùl"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "courage, fortitude, or strength",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hrbtenica"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "courage, fortitude, or strength",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "coraje"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "courage, fortitude, or strength",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "carácter"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "courage, fortitude, or strength",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "ryggrad"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbækˌbəʊn/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbækˌboʊn/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-backbone.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-us-backbone.ogg/En-us-backbone.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-us-backbone.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ækbəʊn"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ækboʊn"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "spine"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "spinal column"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "vertebral column"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "back bone"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:backbone",
"word": "backbone"
}
],
"word": "backbone"
}
{
"categories": [
"English compound terms",
"English countable nouns",
"English endocentric compounds",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Breton translations",
"Requests for review of Indonesian translations",
"Requests for review of Interlingua translations",
"Requests for review of Latin translations",
"Requests for review of Old Norse translations",
"Requests for review of Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Rhymes:English/ækboʊn",
"Rhymes:English/ækboʊn/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/ækbəʊn",
"Rhymes:English/ækbəʊn/2 syllables",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Breton translations",
"Terms with Brunei Bisaya translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Central Dusun translations",
"Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Coastal Kadazan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Interlingua translations",
"Terms with Iranun translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kapampangan translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Kimaragang translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lotud translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Navajo translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Old Norse translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagal Murut translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Tambunan Dusun translations",
"Terms with Tatar translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Timugon Murut translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Volapük translations",
"Terms with West Coast Bajau translations",
"Terms with Yami translations",
"Timugon Murut terms in nonstandard scripts",
"en:Skeleton"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "backboned"
},
{
"word": "backboneless"
},
{
"word": "Bustamante backbone"
},
{
"word": "to the backbone"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bakbon"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bakbon",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "back",
"3": "bone"
},
"expansion": "back + bone",
"name": "com"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ridgebone"
},
"expansion": "English ridgebone",
"name": "nc"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English bakbon, bakebon, bac-bon; equivalent to back + bone. Compare the semantically analogous English ridgebone.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "backbones",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "backbone (countable and uncountable, plural backbones)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"holonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:backbone",
"word": "skeleton"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"meronyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:backbone",
"word": "vertebra"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:backbone",
"word": "sacrum"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:backbone",
"word": "intervertebral disc"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:backbone",
"word": "coccyx"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:backbone",
"word": "tailbone"
}
],
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The series of vertebrae, separated by disks, that encloses and protects the spinal cord, and runs down the middle of the back in vertebrate animals."
],
"links": [
[
"vertebrae",
"vertebrae"
],
[
"spinal cord",
"spinal cord"
],
[
"vertebrate",
"vertebrate"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Before automobiles, railroads were a backbone of commerce.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1945 November and December, H. C. Casserley, “Random Reflections on British Locomotive Types—1”, in Railway Magazine, page 320:",
"text": "Undoubtedly it can be said that the humble 0-6-0 has been the backbone for general service, or general utility on British railways right from their earliest days, and is likely to remain so.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1959 April, P. Ransome-Wallis, “The Southern in Trouble on the Kent Coast”, in Trains Illustrated, London: Ian Allan Publishing, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 212:",
"text": "With little regular employment available in East Kent the backbone of the Kent Coast passenger traffic is therefore the commuters, the not inconsiderable numbers of people who travel each day to their work in Faversham, Sittingbourne, the Medway Towns and most of all, London.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1989 December 10, John Zeh, “AIDS Groups' Execs Arrested In D.C.”, in Gay Community News, volume 17, number 22, page 1:",
"text": "The San Francisco AIDS Foundation (SFAF) and other community-based organizations that \"provide backbone and leadership\" in AIDS services are \"reeling under the impact of growing case loads,\" said Pat Christen, SFAF's new director.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure."
],
"links": [
[
"fundamental",
"fundamental"
],
[
"support",
"support"
],
[
"structure",
"structure"
],
[
"infrastructure",
"infrastructure"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) Any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"figuratively",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He would make a good manager, if he had a little more backbone.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1899 February, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number M, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part I, page 207:",
"text": "His appearance was certainly that of a hairdresser's dummy; but in the great demoralization of the land he kept up his appearance. That's backbone. His starched collars and got-up shirt-fronts were achievements of character. He had been out nearly three years; and, later, I could not help asking him how he managed to sport such linen.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Courage, fortitude, or strength."
],
"links": [
[
"Courage",
"courage"
],
[
"fortitude",
"fortitude"
],
[
"strength",
"strength"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) Courage, fortitude, or strength."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"figuratively",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbækˌbəʊn/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbækˌboʊn/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-backbone.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-us-backbone.ogg/En-us-backbone.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-us-backbone.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ækbəʊn"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ækboʊn"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "spine"
},
{
"word": "spinal column"
},
{
"word": "vertebral column"
},
{
"word": "back bone"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:backbone",
"word": "backbone"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕamūd faqriyy",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "عَمُود فَقْرِيّ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "oġnašar",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "ողնաշար"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "onurğa"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "bizkarrezur"
},
{
"code": "bsb",
"lang": "Brunei Bisaya",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "boruntud"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "grǎbnak",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "гръбнак"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"english": "ground animals and humans",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "columna vertebral"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"fish",
"ichthyology",
"zoology",
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
],
"word": "espina dorsal"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"english": "human",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "espinada"
},
{
"code": "dtp",
"lang": "Central Dusun",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "oruntud"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "骨幹"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "gǔgàn",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "骨干"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jígǔ",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "脊骨"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bèigǔ",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "背骨"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jǐzhuī",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "脊椎"
},
{
"code": "kzj",
"lang": "Coastal Kadazan",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "tountud"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "páteř"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "rygrad"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ruggengraat"
},
{
"code": "egy",
"lang": "Egyptian",
"roman": "psḏ",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "p-s-D:F37"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "vertebraro"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "selkäranka"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "colonne vertébrale"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rachis"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "épine dorsale"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "columna vertebral"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "xerxemali",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "ხერხემალი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Rückgrat"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Wirbelsäule"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "spondylikí stíli",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "σπονδυλική στήλη"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "rachokokaliá",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ραχοκοκαλιά"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "rhákhis",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ῥάχις"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "'amúd shidrá",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "עַמּוּד שִׁדְרָה"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "gerincoszlop"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "hátgerinc"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "gerinc"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hryggur"
},
{
"code": "ill",
"lang": "Iranun",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "tangkal"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cnámh droma"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "slat droma"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spina dorsale"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "colonna vertebrale"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rachide"
},
{
"alt": "せぼね",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sebone",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "背骨"
},
{
"alt": "せきつい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sekitsui",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "脊椎"
},
{
"alt": "せきちゅう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sekichū",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "脊柱"
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "gulugud"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "c’əŋ knɑɑŋ",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "ឆ្អឹងខ្នង"
},
{
"code": "kqr",
"lang": "Kimaragang",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "toruntud"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "birrbrre",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "بڕبڕە"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "columna vertebralis"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mugurkauls"
},
{
"code": "dtr",
"lang": "Lotud",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "toruntud"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "’rbet",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "’рбет"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kíčma",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ки́чма"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "tulang belakang"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "iwituararo"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "iwituaroa"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "íígháán"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "hwííshgháán"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ryggrad"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ryggsøyle"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "virvelsøyle"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ryggrad"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ryggsøyle"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "virvelsøyle"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "hryċġbān"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "sotun-e faqarât",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "ستون فقرات"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kręgosłup"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "coluna vertebral"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "espinha"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "espinha dorsal"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "coloană vertebrală"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"english": "the backbone",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "șira spinării"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pozvonóčnik",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "позвоно́чник"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xrebét",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "хребе́т"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cnàimh an droma"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "краљеҗница"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "кичма"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "хрптењача"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "kralježnica"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "kičma"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "hrptenjača"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hrbtenica"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "espina dorsal"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "columna vertebral"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "ryggrad"
},
{
"code": "mvv",
"lang": "Tagal Murut",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "baluntur"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "guluguran"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "bangananan"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "gulugod"
},
{
"code": "kzt",
"lang": "Tambunan Dusun",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "toruntud"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "umırtkalıq",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "умырткалык"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "grà-dùuk-sǎn-lǎng",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "กระดูกสันหลัง"
},
{
"code": "tih",
"lang": "Timugon Murut",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "baluntur"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "omurga"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "xương sống"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "bäkabom"
},
{
"code": "bdr",
"lang": "West Coast Bajau",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "teruntud"
},
{
"code": "tao",
"lang": "Yami",
"sense": "series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord",
"word": "vokot"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "diʕāma",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "دِعَامَة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "himkʻ",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"word": "հիմք"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"word": "özək"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "osnova",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"word": "основа"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "opora",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"word": "опора"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fundament"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "basis"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ruggengraat"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"word": "selkäranka"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "épine dorsale"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Rückgrat"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "rachokokaliá",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ραχοκοκαλιά"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"word": "gerinc"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "uppistaða"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "meginstoð"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "base"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"word": "spina dorsale"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"word": "struttura portante"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "pótpora",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "по́тпора"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ryggrad"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"word": "trzon"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "base"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "espinha dorsal"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "coloană vertebrală"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xrebét",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "хребе́т"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kostják",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "костя́к"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "osnóva",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "осно́ва"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bun-structar"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "краљеҗница"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "кичма"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "kralježnica"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "kičma"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "columna vertebral"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "ryggrad"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"word": "grundstomme"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure",
"word": "omurga"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šajāʕa",
"sense": "courage, fortitude, or strength",
"word": "شَجَاعَة"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "courage, fortitude, or strength",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "coratge"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "courage, fortitude, or strength",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "rygrad"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "courage, fortitude, or strength",
"word": "selkäranka"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "courage, fortitude, or strength",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "courage"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "pxa",
"sense": "courage, fortitude, or strength",
"word": "ფხა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "courage, fortitude, or strength",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Rückgrat"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "courage, fortitude, or strength",
"word": "gerinc"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "courage, fortitude, or strength",
"word": "jellem"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "courage, fortitude, or strength",
"word": "tartás"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "courage, fortitude, or strength",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "skapfesta"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "courage, fortitude, or strength",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bein í nefinu"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "courage, fortitude, or strength",
"word": "kurajo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "courage, fortitude, or strength",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "coraggio"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "courage, fortitude, or strength",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mugurkauls"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "courage, fortitude, or strength",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ryggrad"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "courage, fortitude, or strength",
"word": "charakter"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "courage, fortitude, or strength",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kręgosłup"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "courage, fortitude, or strength",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "firmeza"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "stérženʹ",
"sense": "courage, fortitude, or strength",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сте́ржень"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "courage, fortitude, or strength",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cùl"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "courage, fortitude, or strength",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hrbtenica"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "courage, fortitude, or strength",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "coraje"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "courage, fortitude, or strength",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "carácter"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "courage, fortitude, or strength",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "ryggrad"
}
],
"word": "backbone"
}
Download raw JSONL data for backbone meaning in English (30.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.