See vertebra in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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"etymology_text": "Borrowing from Latin vertebra (“a joint”), from vertō (“to turn”) + -bra (instrumental nominal suffix). Having multiple vertebrae (plural of vertebra) in one's backbone instead of having a single bone or solid spine, allows for the movement of the body with bends and turns. Hence meaning 1.",
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"derived": [
{
"word": "cervical vertebra"
},
{
"word": "coccygeal vertebra"
},
{
"word": "hemivertebra"
},
{
"word": "lumbar vertebra"
},
{
"word": "prevertebra"
},
{
"word": "protovertebra"
},
{
"word": "sacral vertebra"
},
{
"word": "thoracic vertebra"
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{
"word": "vertebral"
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{
"word": "vertebraless"
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{
"word": "vertebrate"
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{
"word": "vertebro-"
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{
"word": "vertebr-"
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],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Meronyms: see Thesaurus:vertebra"
},
{
"ref": "1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:",
"text": "Already I seemed to hear the water rippling against the desiccated bones and rattling them together, rolling my skull against Mahomed's, and his against mine, till at last Mahomed's stood straight up upon its vertebræ, and glared at me through its empty eyeholes, and cursed me with its grinning jaws, because I, a dog of a Christian, disturbed the last sleep of a true believer.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any of the bony or cartilaginous segments which make up the backbone, consisting in some lower vertebrates of several distinct elements which never become united, and in higher vertebrates having a short more or less cylindrical body whose ends articulate by pads of elastic or cartilaginous tissue with those of adjacent vertebrae and a bony arch that encloses the spinal cord."
],
"holonyms": [
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"source": "Thesaurus:vertebra",
"word": "backbone"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
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"source": "Thesaurus:vertebra",
"word": "cervical vertebra"
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{
"source": "Thesaurus:vertebra",
"word": "coccygeal vertebra"
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{
"source": "Thesaurus:vertebra",
"word": "lumbar vertebra"
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{
"source": "Thesaurus:vertebra",
"word": "sacral vertebra"
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{
"source": "Thesaurus:vertebra",
"word": "thoracic vertebra"
}
],
"id": "en-vertebra-en-noun-en:Q180323",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"bony",
"bony"
],
[
"cartilaginous",
"cartilaginous"
],
[
"segment",
"segment"
],
[
"backbone",
"backbone"
],
[
"consist",
"consist"
],
[
"vertebrate",
"vertebrate"
],
[
"distinct",
"distinct"
],
[
"element",
"element"
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[
"unite",
"unite"
],
[
"cylindrical",
"cylindrical"
],
[
"articulate",
"articulate"
],
[
"pad",
"pad"
],
[
"elastic",
"elastic"
],
[
"tissue",
"tissue"
],
[
"adjacent",
"adjacent"
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[
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],
[
"enclose",
"enclose"
],
[
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]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) Any of the bony or cartilaginous segments which make up the backbone, consisting in some lower vertebrates of several distinct elements which never become united, and in higher vertebrates having a short more or less cylindrical body whose ends articulate by pads of elastic or cartilaginous tissue with those of adjacent vertebrae and a bony arch that encloses the spinal cord."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "vertebrally"
},
{
"word": "coccyx"
}
],
"senseid": [
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"synonyms": [
{
"word": "spondyle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:vertebra",
"word": "vertebra"
}
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
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"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "werwel"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "faqara",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "فَقَرَة"
},
{
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "faqara",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "فقرة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "oġ",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "ող"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "umırtqa",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "умыртҡа"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pazvanók",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пазвано́к"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "grǎbnačen prešlen",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гръбначен прешлен"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "kyau:rui:hcac",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"singular"
],
"word": "ကျောရိုးဆစ်"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "kyau:rui:hcacmya:",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "ကျောရိုးဆစ်များ"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vèrtebra"
},
{
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "dugokan"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "透龍骨"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "thàu-liông-kut",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "透龙骨"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhuīgǔ",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "椎骨"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jǐzhuī",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "脊椎"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jǐzhuīgǔ",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "脊椎骨"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "obratel"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "ryghvirvel"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wervel"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rugwervel"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ruggengraatswervel"
},
{
"code": "egy",
"lang": "Egyptian",
"roman": "ṯz",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "Tz:Z1"
},
{
"code": "evn",
"lang": "Evenki",
"roman": "sigdə",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "сигдэ"
},
{
"code": "evn",
"lang": "Evenki",
"roman": "nugdī",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "нугды̄"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "nikama"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "selkänikama"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vertèbre"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vértebra"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mala",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "მალა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "xerxemali",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "ხერხემალი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Wirbel"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Wirbelknochen"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "spóndylos",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "σπόνδυλος"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "sphóndulos",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "σφόνδυλος"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "ẖulyá",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "חֻלְיָה"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "csigolya"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "piiluu"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "nikan"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "vertebra"
},
{
"code": "ik",
"lang": "Inupiaq",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "ikik"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "veirteabra"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vertebra"
},
{
"alt": "ついこつ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tsuikotsu",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "椎骨"
},
{
"alt": "脊椎",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "cheokchu",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "척추"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "birrbirre",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "بڕبڕە"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "birrbirre"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vertebra"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "skriemelis"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "pršlen",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пршлен"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "kaśēru",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "കശേരു"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "tangai"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "nugalam",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "нугалам"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "nuruuny üje",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "нурууны үе"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "nugalmaj",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "нугалмай"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "seer",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "сээр"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "íígháán"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ryggvirvel"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "fıkra",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "فقره"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "mühre",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "مهره"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "mohre",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "مهره"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kręg"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vértebra"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vertebră"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pozvonók",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "позвоно́к"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cnàimh an droma"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dromaltach"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "пршљен"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "кра́љежак"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "кра́љешак"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "pršljen"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "králježak"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "králješak"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "vretence"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vértebra"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "ryggkota"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kota"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "gulugod"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "omur"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "xrebécʹ",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "хребе́ць"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cronzoxh"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cefngymal"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fertebra"
},
{
"code": "sah",
"lang": "Yakut",
"roman": "tonoğos",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "тоноҕос"
}
],
"wikidata": [
"Q180323"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɜː.tɪb.ɹə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɝ.təb.ɹə/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɝ.təˌbɹeɪ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-vertebra.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/En-us-vertebra.ogg/En-us-vertebra.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/En-us-vertebra.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)tɪbɹə"
}
],
"word": "vertebra"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "cervical vertebra"
},
{
"word": "coccygeal vertebra"
},
{
"word": "hemivertebra"
},
{
"word": "lumbar vertebra"
},
{
"word": "prevertebra"
},
{
"word": "protovertebra"
},
{
"word": "sacral vertebra"
},
{
"word": "thoracic vertebra"
},
{
"word": "vertebral"
},
{
"word": "vertebraless"
},
{
"word": "vertebrate"
},
{
"word": "vertebro-"
},
{
"word": "vertebr-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wert-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "vertebra",
"4": "",
"5": "a joint"
},
"expansion": "Latin vertebra (“a joint”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vertō",
"3": "-bra",
"nocat": "1",
"pos2": "instrumental nominal suffix",
"t1": "to turn"
},
"expansion": "vertō (“to turn”) + -bra (instrumental nominal suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowing from Latin vertebra (“a joint”), from vertō (“to turn”) + -bra (instrumental nominal suffix). Having multiple vertebrae (plural of vertebra) in one's backbone instead of having a single bone or solid spine, allows for the movement of the body with bends and turns. Hence meaning 1.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vertebrae",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vertebræ",
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vertebras",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vertebrae",
"2": "vertebræ",
"3": "+",
"pl2qual": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "vertebra (plural vertebrae or (obsolete) vertebræ or vertebras)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"holonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:vertebra",
"word": "backbone"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:vertebra",
"word": "cervical vertebra"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:vertebra",
"word": "coccygeal vertebra"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:vertebra",
"word": "lumbar vertebra"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:vertebra",
"word": "sacral vertebra"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:vertebra",
"word": "thoracic vertebra"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "vertebrally"
},
{
"word": "coccyx"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Bashkir terms with redundant script codes",
"Central Kurdish terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wert-",
"English terms with quotations",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Mandarin terms with redundant transliterations",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)tɪbɹə",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)tɪbɹə/3 syllables",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Bashkir translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Burmese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Cebuano translations",
"Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations",
"Terms with Egyptian translations",
"Terms with Evenki translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hokkien translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ingrian translations",
"Terms with Interlingua translations",
"Terms with Inupiaq translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malayalam translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Navajo translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Walloon translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with Yakut translations",
"en:Skeleton"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Meronyms: see Thesaurus:vertebra"
},
{
"ref": "1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:",
"text": "Already I seemed to hear the water rippling against the desiccated bones and rattling them together, rolling my skull against Mahomed's, and his against mine, till at last Mahomed's stood straight up upon its vertebræ, and glared at me through its empty eyeholes, and cursed me with its grinning jaws, because I, a dog of a Christian, disturbed the last sleep of a true believer.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any of the bony or cartilaginous segments which make up the backbone, consisting in some lower vertebrates of several distinct elements which never become united, and in higher vertebrates having a short more or less cylindrical body whose ends articulate by pads of elastic or cartilaginous tissue with those of adjacent vertebrae and a bony arch that encloses the spinal cord."
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"bony",
"bony"
],
[
"cartilaginous",
"cartilaginous"
],
[
"segment",
"segment"
],
[
"backbone",
"backbone"
],
[
"consist",
"consist"
],
[
"vertebrate",
"vertebrate"
],
[
"distinct",
"distinct"
],
[
"element",
"element"
],
[
"unite",
"unite"
],
[
"cylindrical",
"cylindrical"
],
[
"articulate",
"articulate"
],
[
"pad",
"pad"
],
[
"elastic",
"elastic"
],
[
"tissue",
"tissue"
],
[
"adjacent",
"adjacent"
],
[
"arch",
"arch"
],
[
"enclose",
"enclose"
],
[
"spinal cord",
"spinal cord"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) Any of the bony or cartilaginous segments which make up the backbone, consisting in some lower vertebrates of several distinct elements which never become united, and in higher vertebrates having a short more or less cylindrical body whose ends articulate by pads of elastic or cartilaginous tissue with those of adjacent vertebrae and a bony arch that encloses the spinal cord."
],
"senseid": [
"en:Q180323"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "spondyle"
}
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
],
"wikidata": [
"Q180323"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɜː.tɪb.ɹə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɝ.təb.ɹə/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɝ.təˌbɹeɪ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-vertebra.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/En-us-vertebra.ogg/En-us-vertebra.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/En-us-vertebra.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)tɪbɹə"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:vertebra",
"word": "vertebra"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "werwel"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "faqara",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "فَقَرَة"
},
{
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "faqara",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "فقرة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "oġ",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "ող"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "umırtqa",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "умыртҡа"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pazvanók",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пазвано́к"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "grǎbnačen prešlen",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гръбначен прешлен"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "kyau:rui:hcac",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"singular"
],
"word": "ကျောရိုးဆစ်"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "kyau:rui:hcacmya:",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "ကျောရိုးဆစ်များ"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vèrtebra"
},
{
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "dugokan"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "透龍骨"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "thàu-liông-kut",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "透龙骨"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhuīgǔ",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "椎骨"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jǐzhuī",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "脊椎"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jǐzhuīgǔ",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "脊椎骨"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "obratel"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "ryghvirvel"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wervel"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rugwervel"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ruggengraatswervel"
},
{
"code": "egy",
"lang": "Egyptian",
"roman": "ṯz",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "Tz:Z1"
},
{
"code": "evn",
"lang": "Evenki",
"roman": "sigdə",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "сигдэ"
},
{
"code": "evn",
"lang": "Evenki",
"roman": "nugdī",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "нугды̄"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "nikama"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "selkänikama"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vertèbre"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vértebra"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mala",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "მალა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "xerxemali",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "ხერხემალი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Wirbel"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Wirbelknochen"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "spóndylos",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "σπόνδυλος"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "sphóndulos",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "σφόνδυλος"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "ẖulyá",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "חֻלְיָה"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "csigolya"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "piiluu"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "nikan"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "vertebra"
},
{
"code": "ik",
"lang": "Inupiaq",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "ikik"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "veirteabra"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vertebra"
},
{
"alt": "ついこつ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tsuikotsu",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "椎骨"
},
{
"alt": "脊椎",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "cheokchu",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "척추"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "birrbirre",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "بڕبڕە"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "birrbirre"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vertebra"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "skriemelis"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "pršlen",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пршлен"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "kaśēru",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "കശേരു"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "tangai"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "nugalam",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "нугалам"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "nuruuny üje",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "нурууны үе"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "nugalmaj",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "нугалмай"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "seer",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "сээр"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "íígháán"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ryggvirvel"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "fıkra",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "فقره"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "mühre",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "مهره"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "mohre",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "مهره"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kręg"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vértebra"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vertebră"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pozvonók",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "позвоно́к"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cnàimh an droma"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dromaltach"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "пршљен"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "кра́љежак"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "кра́љешак"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "pršljen"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "králježak"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "králješak"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "vretence"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vértebra"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "ryggkota"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kota"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "gulugod"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "omur"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "xrebécʹ",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "хребе́ць"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cronzoxh"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cefngymal"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fertebra"
},
{
"code": "sah",
"lang": "Yakut",
"roman": "tonoğos",
"sense": "any of the small bones making up the backbone",
"word": "тоноҕос"
}
],
"word": "vertebra"
}
Download raw JSONL data for vertebra meaning in English (18.9kB)
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "vertebra/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Pages with 7 entries\", \"Pages with entries\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"cervical vertebra\"}, {\"word\": \"coccygeal vertebra\"}, {\"word\": \"hemivertebra\"}, {\"word\": \"lumbar vertebra\"}, {\"word\": \"prevertebra\"}, {\"word\": \"protovertebra\"}, {\"word\": \"sacral vertebra\"}, {\"word\": \"thoracic vertebra\"}, {\"word\": \"vertebral\"}, {\"word\": \"vertebraless\"}, {\"word\": \"vertebrate\"}, {\"word\": \"vertebro-\"}, {\"word\": \"vertebr-\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*wert-\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"la\", \"3\": \"vertebra\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"a joint\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin vertebra (“a joint”)\", \"name\": \"bor\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"vertō\", \"3\": \"-bra\", \"nocat\": \"1\", \"pos2\": \"instrumental nominal suffix\", \"t1\": \"to turn\"}, \"expansion\": \"vertō (“to turn”) + -bra (instrumental nominal suffix)\", \"name\": \"af\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Borrowing from Latin vertebra (“a joint”), from vertō (“to turn”) + -bra (instrumental nominal suffix). Having multiple vertebrae (plural of vertebra) in one's backbone instead of having a single bone or solid spine, allows for the movement of the body with bends and turns. Hence meaning 1.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"vertebrae\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}, {\"form\": \"vertebræ\", \"tags\": [\"obsolete\", \"plural\"]}, {\"form\": \"vertebras\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"vertebrae\", \"2\": \"vertebræ\", \"3\": \"+\", \"pl2qual\": \"obsolete\"}, \"expansion\": \"vertebra (plural vertebrae or (obsolete) vertebræ or vertebras)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"holonyms\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:vertebra\", \"word\": \"backbone\"}], \"hyponyms\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:vertebra\", \"word\": \"cervical vertebra\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:vertebra\", \"word\": \"coccygeal vertebra\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:vertebra\", \"word\": \"lumbar vertebra\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:vertebra\", \"word\": \"sacral vertebra\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:vertebra\", \"word\": \"thoracic vertebra\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"vertebrally\"}, {\"word\": \"coccyx\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Bashkir terms with redundant script codes\", \"Central Kurdish terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English nouns with irregular plurals\", \"English terms borrowed from Latin\", \"English terms derived from Latin\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wert-\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Mandarin terms with redundant transliterations\", \"Pages with 7 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)tɪbɹə\", \"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)tɪbɹə/3 syllables\", \"Terms with Afrikaans translations\", \"Terms with Ancient Greek translations\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Armenian translations\", \"Terms with Bashkir translations\", \"Terms with Belarusian translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Burmese translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Cebuano translations\", \"Terms with Central Kurdish translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Egyptian translations\", \"Terms with Evenki translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Galician translations\", \"Terms with Georgian translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hebrew translations\", \"Terms with Hokkien translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Ingrian translations\", \"Terms with Interlingua translations\", \"Terms with Inupiaq translations\", \"Terms with Irish translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Latvian translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Malayalam translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Mongolian translations\", \"Terms with Navajo translations\", \"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian translations\", \"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Persian translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Tagalog translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with Walloon translations\", \"Terms with Welsh translations\", \"Terms with Yakut translations\", \"en:Skeleton\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Meronyms: see Thesaurus:vertebra\"}, {\"ref\": \"1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:\", \"text\": \"Already I seemed to hear the water rippling against the desiccated bones and rattling them together, rolling my skull against Mahomed's, and his against mine, till at last Mahomed's stood straight up upon its vertebræ, and glared at me through its empty eyeholes, and cursed me with its grinning jaws, because I, a dog of a Christian, disturbed the last sleep of a true believer.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Any of the bony or cartilaginous segments which make up the backbone, consisting in some lower vertebrates of several distinct elements which never become united, and in higher vertebrates having a short more or less cylindrical body whose ends articulate by pads of elastic or cartilaginous tissue with those of adjacent vertebrae and a bony arch that encloses the spinal cord.\"], \"links\": [[\"anatomy\", \"anatomy\"], [\"bony\", \"bony\"], [\"cartilaginous\", \"cartilaginous\"], [\"segment\", \"segment\"], [\"backbone\", \"backbone\"], [\"consist\", \"consist\"], [\"vertebrate\", \"vertebrate\"], [\"distinct\", \"distinct\"], [\"element\", \"element\"], [\"unite\", \"unite\"], [\"cylindrical\", \"cylindrical\"], [\"articulate\", \"articulate\"], [\"pad\", \"pad\"], [\"elastic\", \"elastic\"], [\"tissue\", \"tissue\"], [\"adjacent\", \"adjacent\"], [\"arch\", \"arch\"], [\"enclose\", \"enclose\"], [\"spinal cord\", \"spinal cord\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(anatomy) Any of the bony or cartilaginous segments which make up the backbone, consisting in some lower vertebrates of several distinct elements which never become united, and in higher vertebrates having a short more or less cylindrical body whose ends articulate by pads of elastic or cartilaginous tissue with those of adjacent vertebrae and a bony arch that encloses the spinal cord.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:Q180323\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"spondyle\"}], \"topics\": [\"anatomy\", \"medicine\", \"sciences\"], \"wikidata\": [\"Q180323\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ˈvɜː.tɪb.ɹə/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈvɝ.təb.ɹə/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈvɝ.təˌbɹeɪ/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-vertebra.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/En-us-vertebra.ogg/En-us-vertebra.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/En-us-vertebra.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɜː(ɹ)tɪbɹə\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:vertebra\", \"word\": \"vertebra\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"af\", \"lang\": \"Afrikaans\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"werwel\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"faqara\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"فَقَرَة\"}, {\"code\": \"arz\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"faqara\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"فقرة\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"oġ\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"ող\"}, {\"code\": \"ba\", \"lang\": \"Bashkir\", \"roman\": \"umırtqa\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"умыртҡа\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"pazvanók\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"пазвано́к\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"grǎbnačen prešlen\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"гръбначен прешлен\"}, {\"code\": \"my\", \"lang\": \"Burmese\", \"roman\": \"kyau:rui:hcac\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"singular\"], \"word\": \"ကျောရိုးဆစ်\"}, {\"code\": \"my\", \"lang\": \"Burmese\", \"roman\": \"kyau:rui:hcacmya:\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"], \"word\": \"ကျောရိုးဆစ်များ\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"vèrtebra\"}, {\"code\": \"ceb\", \"lang\": \"Cebuano\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"dugokan\"}, {\"code\": \"nan-hbl\", \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\"], \"word\": \"透龍骨\"}, {\"code\": \"nan-hbl\", \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"roman\": \"thàu-liông-kut\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\"], \"word\": \"透龙骨\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"zhuīgǔ\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"椎骨\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jǐzhuī\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"脊椎\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jǐzhuīgǔ\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"脊椎骨\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"obratel\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"ryghvirvel\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"wervel\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"rugwervel\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"ruggengraatswervel\"}, {\"code\": \"egy\", \"lang\": \"Egyptian\", \"roman\": \"ṯz\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"Tz:Z1\"}, {\"code\": \"evn\", \"lang\": \"Evenki\", \"roman\": \"sigdə\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"сигдэ\"}, {\"code\": \"evn\", \"lang\": \"Evenki\", \"roman\": \"nugdī\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"нугды̄\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"nikama\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"selkänikama\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"vertèbre\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"vértebra\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"mala\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"მალა\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"xerxemali\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"ხერხემალი\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"Wirbel\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"Wirbelknochen\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"spóndylos\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"σπόνδυλος\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"sphóndulos\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"σφόνδυλος\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"ẖulyá\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"חֻלְיָה\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"csigolya\"}, {\"code\": \"izh\", \"lang\": \"Ingrian\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"piiluu\"}, {\"code\": \"izh\", \"lang\": \"Ingrian\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"nikan\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"vertebra\"}, {\"code\": \"ik\", \"lang\": \"Inupiaq\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"ikik\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"veirteabra\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"vertebra\"}, {\"alt\": \"ついこつ\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"tsuikotsu\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"椎骨\"}, {\"alt\": \"脊椎\", \"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"cheokchu\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"척추\"}, {\"code\": \"ckb\", \"lang\": \"Central Kurdish\", \"roman\": \"birrbirre\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"بڕبڕە\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"birrbirre\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"vertebra\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"skriemelis\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"pršlen\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"пршлен\"}, {\"code\": \"ml\", \"lang\": \"Malayalam\", \"roman\": \"kaśēru\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"കശേരു\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"tangai\"}, {\"code\": \"mn\", \"lang\": \"Mongolian\", \"roman\": \"nugalam\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"нугалам\"}, {\"code\": \"mn\", \"lang\": \"Mongolian\", \"roman\": \"nuruuny üje\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"нурууны үе\"}, {\"code\": \"mn\", \"lang\": \"Mongolian\", \"roman\": \"nugalmaj\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"нугалмай\"}, {\"code\": \"mn\", \"lang\": \"Mongolian\", \"roman\": \"seer\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"сээр\"}, {\"code\": \"nv\", \"lang\": \"Navajo\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"íígháán\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"ryggvirvel\"}, {\"code\": \"ota\", \"lang\": \"Ottoman Turkish\", \"roman\": \"fıkra\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"فقره\"}, {\"code\": \"ota\", \"lang\": \"Ottoman Turkish\", \"roman\": \"mühre\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"مهره\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"mohre\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"مهره\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"inanimate\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"kręg\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"vértebra\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"vertebră\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"pozvonók\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"позвоно́к\"}, {\"code\": \"gd\", \"lang\": \"Scottish Gaelic\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"cnàimh an droma\"}, {\"code\": \"gd\", \"lang\": \"Scottish Gaelic\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"dromaltach\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"пршљен\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"кра́љежак\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"кра́љешак\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"pršljen\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"králježak\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"králješak\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"vretence\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"vértebra\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"ryggkota\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"kota\"}, {\"code\": \"tl\", \"lang\": \"Tagalog\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"gulugod\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"omur\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"xrebécʹ\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"хребе́ць\"}, {\"code\": \"wa\", \"lang\": \"Walloon\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"cronzoxh\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"cefngymal\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"fertebra\"}, {\"code\": \"sah\", \"lang\": \"Yakut\", \"roman\": \"tonoğos\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"тоноҕос\"}], \"word\": \"vertebra\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "vertebra",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "vertebra/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Pages with 7 entries\", \"Pages with entries\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"cervical vertebra\"}, {\"word\": \"coccygeal vertebra\"}, {\"word\": \"hemivertebra\"}, {\"word\": \"lumbar vertebra\"}, {\"word\": \"prevertebra\"}, {\"word\": \"protovertebra\"}, {\"word\": \"sacral vertebra\"}, {\"word\": \"thoracic vertebra\"}, {\"word\": \"vertebral\"}, {\"word\": \"vertebraless\"}, {\"word\": \"vertebrate\"}, {\"word\": \"vertebro-\"}, {\"word\": \"vertebr-\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*wert-\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"la\", \"3\": \"vertebra\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"a joint\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin vertebra (“a joint”)\", \"name\": \"bor\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"vertō\", \"3\": \"-bra\", \"nocat\": \"1\", \"pos2\": \"instrumental nominal suffix\", \"t1\": \"to turn\"}, \"expansion\": \"vertō (“to turn”) + -bra (instrumental nominal suffix)\", \"name\": \"af\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Borrowing from Latin vertebra (“a joint”), from vertō (“to turn”) + -bra (instrumental nominal suffix). Having multiple vertebrae (plural of vertebra) in one's backbone instead of having a single bone or solid spine, allows for the movement of the body with bends and turns. Hence meaning 1.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"vertebrae\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}, {\"form\": \"vertebræ\", \"tags\": [\"obsolete\", \"plural\"]}, {\"form\": \"vertebras\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"vertebrae\", \"2\": \"vertebræ\", \"3\": \"+\", \"pl2qual\": \"obsolete\"}, \"expansion\": \"vertebra (plural vertebrae or (obsolete) vertebræ or vertebras)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"holonyms\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:vertebra\", \"word\": \"backbone\"}], \"hyponyms\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:vertebra\", \"word\": \"cervical vertebra\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:vertebra\", \"word\": \"coccygeal vertebra\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:vertebra\", \"word\": \"lumbar vertebra\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:vertebra\", \"word\": \"sacral vertebra\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:vertebra\", \"word\": \"thoracic vertebra\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"vertebrally\"}, {\"word\": \"coccyx\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Bashkir terms with redundant script codes\", \"Central Kurdish terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English nouns with irregular plurals\", \"English terms borrowed from Latin\", \"English terms derived from Latin\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wert-\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Mandarin terms with redundant transliterations\", \"Pages with 7 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)tɪbɹə\", \"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)tɪbɹə/3 syllables\", \"Terms with Afrikaans translations\", \"Terms with Ancient Greek translations\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Armenian translations\", \"Terms with Bashkir translations\", \"Terms with Belarusian translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Burmese translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Cebuano translations\", \"Terms with Central Kurdish translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Egyptian translations\", \"Terms with Evenki translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Galician translations\", \"Terms with Georgian translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hebrew translations\", \"Terms with Hokkien translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Ingrian translations\", \"Terms with Interlingua translations\", \"Terms with Inupiaq translations\", \"Terms with Irish translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Latvian translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Malayalam translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Mongolian translations\", \"Terms with Navajo translations\", \"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian translations\", \"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Persian translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Tagalog translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with Walloon translations\", \"Terms with Welsh translations\", \"Terms with Yakut translations\", \"en:Skeleton\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Meronyms: see Thesaurus:vertebra\"}, {\"ref\": \"1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:\", \"text\": \"Already I seemed to hear the water rippling against the desiccated bones and rattling them together, rolling my skull against Mahomed's, and his against mine, till at last Mahomed's stood straight up upon its vertebræ, and glared at me through its empty eyeholes, and cursed me with its grinning jaws, because I, a dog of a Christian, disturbed the last sleep of a true believer.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Any of the bony or cartilaginous segments which make up the backbone, consisting in some lower vertebrates of several distinct elements which never become united, and in higher vertebrates having a short more or less cylindrical body whose ends articulate by pads of elastic or cartilaginous tissue with those of adjacent vertebrae and a bony arch that encloses the spinal cord.\"], \"links\": [[\"anatomy\", \"anatomy\"], [\"bony\", \"bony\"], [\"cartilaginous\", \"cartilaginous\"], [\"segment\", \"segment\"], [\"backbone\", \"backbone\"], [\"consist\", \"consist\"], [\"vertebrate\", \"vertebrate\"], [\"distinct\", \"distinct\"], [\"element\", \"element\"], [\"unite\", \"unite\"], [\"cylindrical\", \"cylindrical\"], [\"articulate\", \"articulate\"], [\"pad\", \"pad\"], [\"elastic\", \"elastic\"], [\"tissue\", \"tissue\"], [\"adjacent\", \"adjacent\"], [\"arch\", \"arch\"], [\"enclose\", \"enclose\"], [\"spinal cord\", \"spinal cord\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(anatomy) Any of the bony or cartilaginous segments which make up the backbone, consisting in some lower vertebrates of several distinct elements which never become united, and in higher vertebrates having a short more or less cylindrical body whose ends articulate by pads of elastic or cartilaginous tissue with those of adjacent vertebrae and a bony arch that encloses the spinal cord.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:Q180323\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"spondyle\"}], \"topics\": [\"anatomy\", \"medicine\", \"sciences\"], \"wikidata\": [\"Q180323\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ˈvɜː.tɪb.ɹə/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈvɝ.təb.ɹə/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈvɝ.təˌbɹeɪ/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-vertebra.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/En-us-vertebra.ogg/En-us-vertebra.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/En-us-vertebra.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɜː(ɹ)tɪbɹə\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:vertebra\", \"word\": \"vertebra\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"af\", \"lang\": \"Afrikaans\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"werwel\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"faqara\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"فَقَرَة\"}, {\"code\": \"arz\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"faqara\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"فقرة\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"oġ\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"ող\"}, {\"code\": \"ba\", \"lang\": \"Bashkir\", \"roman\": \"umırtqa\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"умыртҡа\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"pazvanók\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"пазвано́к\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"grǎbnačen prešlen\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"гръбначен прешлен\"}, {\"code\": \"my\", \"lang\": \"Burmese\", \"roman\": \"kyau:rui:hcac\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"singular\"], \"word\": \"ကျောရိုးဆစ်\"}, {\"code\": \"my\", \"lang\": \"Burmese\", \"roman\": \"kyau:rui:hcacmya:\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"], \"word\": \"ကျောရိုးဆစ်များ\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"vèrtebra\"}, {\"code\": \"ceb\", \"lang\": \"Cebuano\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"dugokan\"}, {\"code\": \"nan-hbl\", \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\"], \"word\": \"透龍骨\"}, {\"code\": \"nan-hbl\", \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"roman\": \"thàu-liông-kut\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\"], \"word\": \"透龙骨\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"zhuīgǔ\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"椎骨\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jǐzhuī\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"脊椎\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jǐzhuīgǔ\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"脊椎骨\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"obratel\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"ryghvirvel\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"wervel\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"rugwervel\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"ruggengraatswervel\"}, {\"code\": \"egy\", \"lang\": \"Egyptian\", \"roman\": \"ṯz\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"Tz:Z1\"}, {\"code\": \"evn\", \"lang\": \"Evenki\", \"roman\": \"sigdə\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"сигдэ\"}, {\"code\": \"evn\", \"lang\": \"Evenki\", \"roman\": \"nugdī\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"нугды̄\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"nikama\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"selkänikama\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"vertèbre\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"vértebra\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"mala\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"მალა\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"xerxemali\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"ხერხემალი\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"Wirbel\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"Wirbelknochen\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"spóndylos\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"σπόνδυλος\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"sphóndulos\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"σφόνδυλος\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"ẖulyá\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"חֻלְיָה\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"csigolya\"}, {\"code\": \"izh\", \"lang\": \"Ingrian\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"piiluu\"}, {\"code\": \"izh\", \"lang\": \"Ingrian\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"nikan\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"vertebra\"}, {\"code\": \"ik\", \"lang\": \"Inupiaq\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"ikik\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"veirteabra\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"vertebra\"}, {\"alt\": \"ついこつ\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"tsuikotsu\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"椎骨\"}, {\"alt\": \"脊椎\", \"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"cheokchu\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"척추\"}, {\"code\": \"ckb\", \"lang\": \"Central Kurdish\", \"roman\": \"birrbirre\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"بڕبڕە\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"birrbirre\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"vertebra\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"skriemelis\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"pršlen\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"пршлен\"}, {\"code\": \"ml\", \"lang\": \"Malayalam\", \"roman\": \"kaśēru\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"കശേരു\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"tangai\"}, {\"code\": \"mn\", \"lang\": \"Mongolian\", \"roman\": \"nugalam\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"нугалам\"}, {\"code\": \"mn\", \"lang\": \"Mongolian\", \"roman\": \"nuruuny üje\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"нурууны үе\"}, {\"code\": \"mn\", \"lang\": \"Mongolian\", \"roman\": \"nugalmaj\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"нугалмай\"}, {\"code\": \"mn\", \"lang\": \"Mongolian\", \"roman\": \"seer\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"сээр\"}, {\"code\": \"nv\", \"lang\": \"Navajo\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"íígháán\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"ryggvirvel\"}, {\"code\": \"ota\", \"lang\": \"Ottoman Turkish\", \"roman\": \"fıkra\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"فقره\"}, {\"code\": \"ota\", \"lang\": \"Ottoman Turkish\", \"roman\": \"mühre\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"مهره\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"mohre\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"مهره\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"inanimate\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"kręg\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"vértebra\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"vertebră\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"pozvonók\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"позвоно́к\"}, {\"code\": \"gd\", \"lang\": \"Scottish Gaelic\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"cnàimh an droma\"}, {\"code\": \"gd\", \"lang\": \"Scottish Gaelic\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"dromaltach\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"пршљен\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"кра́љежак\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"кра́љешак\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"pršljen\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"králježak\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"králješak\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"vretence\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"vértebra\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"ryggkota\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"kota\"}, {\"code\": \"tl\", \"lang\": \"Tagalog\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"gulugod\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"omur\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"xrebécʹ\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"хребе́ць\"}, {\"code\": \"wa\", \"lang\": \"Walloon\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"cronzoxh\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"cefngymal\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"fertebra\"}, {\"code\": \"sah\", \"lang\": \"Yakut\", \"roman\": \"tonoğos\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"тоноҕос\"}], \"word\": \"vertebra\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "vertebra",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "vertebra/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Pages with 7 entries\", \"Pages with entries\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"cervical vertebra\"}, {\"word\": \"coccygeal vertebra\"}, {\"word\": \"hemivertebra\"}, {\"word\": \"lumbar vertebra\"}, {\"word\": \"prevertebra\"}, {\"word\": \"protovertebra\"}, {\"word\": \"sacral vertebra\"}, {\"word\": \"thoracic vertebra\"}, {\"word\": \"vertebral\"}, {\"word\": \"vertebraless\"}, {\"word\": \"vertebrate\"}, {\"word\": \"vertebro-\"}, {\"word\": \"vertebr-\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*wert-\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"la\", \"3\": \"vertebra\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"a joint\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin vertebra (“a joint”)\", \"name\": \"bor\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"vertō\", \"3\": \"-bra\", \"nocat\": \"1\", \"pos2\": \"instrumental nominal suffix\", \"t1\": \"to turn\"}, \"expansion\": \"vertō (“to turn”) + -bra (instrumental nominal suffix)\", \"name\": \"af\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Borrowing from Latin vertebra (“a joint”), from vertō (“to turn”) + -bra (instrumental nominal suffix). Having multiple vertebrae (plural of vertebra) in one's backbone instead of having a single bone or solid spine, allows for the movement of the body with bends and turns. Hence meaning 1.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"vertebrae\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}, {\"form\": \"vertebræ\", \"tags\": [\"obsolete\", \"plural\"]}, {\"form\": \"vertebras\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"vertebrae\", \"2\": \"vertebræ\", \"3\": \"+\", \"pl2qual\": \"obsolete\"}, \"expansion\": \"vertebra (plural vertebrae or (obsolete) vertebræ or vertebras)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"holonyms\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:vertebra\", \"word\": \"backbone\"}], \"hyponyms\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:vertebra\", \"word\": \"cervical vertebra\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:vertebra\", \"word\": \"coccygeal vertebra\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:vertebra\", \"word\": \"lumbar vertebra\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:vertebra\", \"word\": \"sacral vertebra\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:vertebra\", \"word\": \"thoracic vertebra\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"vertebrally\"}, {\"word\": \"coccyx\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Bashkir terms with redundant script codes\", \"Central Kurdish terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English nouns with irregular plurals\", \"English terms borrowed from Latin\", \"English terms derived from Latin\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wert-\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Mandarin terms with redundant transliterations\", \"Pages with 7 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)tɪbɹə\", \"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)tɪbɹə/3 syllables\", \"Terms with Afrikaans translations\", \"Terms with Ancient Greek translations\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Armenian translations\", \"Terms with Bashkir translations\", \"Terms with Belarusian translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Burmese translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Cebuano translations\", \"Terms with Central Kurdish translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Egyptian translations\", \"Terms with Evenki translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Galician translations\", \"Terms with Georgian translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hebrew translations\", \"Terms with Hokkien translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Ingrian translations\", \"Terms with Interlingua translations\", \"Terms with Inupiaq translations\", \"Terms with Irish translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Latvian translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Malayalam translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Mongolian translations\", \"Terms with Navajo translations\", \"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian translations\", \"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Persian translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Tagalog translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with Walloon translations\", \"Terms with Welsh translations\", \"Terms with Yakut translations\", \"en:Skeleton\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Meronyms: see Thesaurus:vertebra\"}, {\"ref\": \"1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:\", \"text\": \"Already I seemed to hear the water rippling against the desiccated bones and rattling them together, rolling my skull against Mahomed's, and his against mine, till at last Mahomed's stood straight up upon its vertebræ, and glared at me through its empty eyeholes, and cursed me with its grinning jaws, because I, a dog of a Christian, disturbed the last sleep of a true believer.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Any of the bony or cartilaginous segments which make up the backbone, consisting in some lower vertebrates of several distinct elements which never become united, and in higher vertebrates having a short more or less cylindrical body whose ends articulate by pads of elastic or cartilaginous tissue with those of adjacent vertebrae and a bony arch that encloses the spinal cord.\"], \"links\": [[\"anatomy\", \"anatomy\"], [\"bony\", \"bony\"], [\"cartilaginous\", \"cartilaginous\"], [\"segment\", \"segment\"], [\"backbone\", \"backbone\"], [\"consist\", \"consist\"], [\"vertebrate\", \"vertebrate\"], [\"distinct\", \"distinct\"], [\"element\", \"element\"], [\"unite\", \"unite\"], [\"cylindrical\", \"cylindrical\"], [\"articulate\", \"articulate\"], [\"pad\", \"pad\"], [\"elastic\", \"elastic\"], [\"tissue\", \"tissue\"], [\"adjacent\", \"adjacent\"], [\"arch\", \"arch\"], [\"enclose\", \"enclose\"], [\"spinal cord\", \"spinal cord\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(anatomy) Any of the bony or cartilaginous segments which make up the backbone, consisting in some lower vertebrates of several distinct elements which never become united, and in higher vertebrates having a short more or less cylindrical body whose ends articulate by pads of elastic or cartilaginous tissue with those of adjacent vertebrae and a bony arch that encloses the spinal cord.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:Q180323\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"spondyle\"}], \"topics\": [\"anatomy\", \"medicine\", \"sciences\"], \"wikidata\": [\"Q180323\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ˈvɜː.tɪb.ɹə/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈvɝ.təb.ɹə/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈvɝ.təˌbɹeɪ/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-vertebra.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/En-us-vertebra.ogg/En-us-vertebra.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/En-us-vertebra.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɜː(ɹ)tɪbɹə\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:vertebra\", \"word\": \"vertebra\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"af\", \"lang\": \"Afrikaans\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"werwel\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"faqara\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"فَقَرَة\"}, {\"code\": \"arz\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"faqara\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"فقرة\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"oġ\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"ող\"}, {\"code\": \"ba\", \"lang\": \"Bashkir\", \"roman\": \"umırtqa\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"умыртҡа\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"pazvanók\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"пазвано́к\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"grǎbnačen prešlen\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"гръбначен прешлен\"}, {\"code\": \"my\", \"lang\": \"Burmese\", \"roman\": \"kyau:rui:hcac\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"singular\"], \"word\": \"ကျောရိုးဆစ်\"}, {\"code\": \"my\", \"lang\": \"Burmese\", \"roman\": \"kyau:rui:hcacmya:\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"], \"word\": \"ကျောရိုးဆစ်များ\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"vèrtebra\"}, {\"code\": \"ceb\", \"lang\": \"Cebuano\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"dugokan\"}, {\"code\": \"nan-hbl\", \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\"], \"word\": \"透龍骨\"}, {\"code\": \"nan-hbl\", \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"roman\": \"thàu-liông-kut\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\"], \"word\": \"透龙骨\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"zhuīgǔ\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"椎骨\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jǐzhuī\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"脊椎\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jǐzhuīgǔ\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"脊椎骨\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"obratel\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"ryghvirvel\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"wervel\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"rugwervel\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"ruggengraatswervel\"}, {\"code\": \"egy\", \"lang\": \"Egyptian\", \"roman\": \"ṯz\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"Tz:Z1\"}, {\"code\": \"evn\", \"lang\": \"Evenki\", \"roman\": \"sigdə\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"сигдэ\"}, {\"code\": \"evn\", \"lang\": \"Evenki\", \"roman\": \"nugdī\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"нугды̄\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"nikama\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"selkänikama\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"vertèbre\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"vértebra\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"mala\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"მალა\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"xerxemali\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"ხერხემალი\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"Wirbel\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"Wirbelknochen\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"spóndylos\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"σπόνδυλος\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"sphóndulos\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"σφόνδυλος\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"ẖulyá\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"חֻלְיָה\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"csigolya\"}, {\"code\": \"izh\", \"lang\": \"Ingrian\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"piiluu\"}, {\"code\": \"izh\", \"lang\": \"Ingrian\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"nikan\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"vertebra\"}, {\"code\": \"ik\", \"lang\": \"Inupiaq\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"ikik\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"veirteabra\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"vertebra\"}, {\"alt\": \"ついこつ\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"tsuikotsu\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"椎骨\"}, {\"alt\": \"脊椎\", \"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"cheokchu\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"척추\"}, {\"code\": \"ckb\", \"lang\": \"Central Kurdish\", \"roman\": \"birrbirre\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"بڕبڕە\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"birrbirre\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"vertebra\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"skriemelis\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"pršlen\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"пршлен\"}, {\"code\": \"ml\", \"lang\": \"Malayalam\", \"roman\": \"kaśēru\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"കശേരു\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"tangai\"}, {\"code\": \"mn\", \"lang\": \"Mongolian\", \"roman\": \"nugalam\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"нугалам\"}, {\"code\": \"mn\", \"lang\": \"Mongolian\", \"roman\": \"nuruuny üje\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"нурууны үе\"}, {\"code\": \"mn\", \"lang\": \"Mongolian\", \"roman\": \"nugalmaj\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"нугалмай\"}, {\"code\": \"mn\", \"lang\": \"Mongolian\", \"roman\": \"seer\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"сээр\"}, {\"code\": \"nv\", \"lang\": \"Navajo\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"íígháán\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"ryggvirvel\"}, {\"code\": \"ota\", \"lang\": \"Ottoman Turkish\", \"roman\": \"fıkra\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"فقره\"}, {\"code\": \"ota\", \"lang\": \"Ottoman Turkish\", \"roman\": \"mühre\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"مهره\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"mohre\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"مهره\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"inanimate\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"kręg\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"vértebra\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"vertebră\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"pozvonók\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"позвоно́к\"}, {\"code\": \"gd\", \"lang\": \"Scottish Gaelic\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"cnàimh an droma\"}, {\"code\": \"gd\", \"lang\": \"Scottish Gaelic\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"dromaltach\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"пршљен\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"кра́љежак\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"кра́љешак\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"pršljen\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"králježak\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"králješak\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"vretence\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"vértebra\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"ryggkota\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"kota\"}, {\"code\": \"tl\", \"lang\": \"Tagalog\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"gulugod\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"omur\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"xrebécʹ\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"хребе́ць\"}, {\"code\": \"wa\", \"lang\": \"Walloon\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"cronzoxh\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"cefngymal\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"fertebra\"}, {\"code\": \"sah\", \"lang\": \"Yakut\", \"roman\": \"tonoğos\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"тоноҕос\"}], \"word\": \"vertebra\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "vertebra",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "vertebra/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Egyptian-Arabic not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Pages with 7 entries\", \"Pages with entries\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"cervical vertebra\"}, {\"word\": \"coccygeal vertebra\"}, {\"word\": \"hemivertebra\"}, {\"word\": \"lumbar vertebra\"}, {\"word\": \"prevertebra\"}, {\"word\": \"protovertebra\"}, {\"word\": \"sacral vertebra\"}, {\"word\": \"thoracic vertebra\"}, {\"word\": \"vertebral\"}, {\"word\": \"vertebraless\"}, {\"word\": \"vertebrate\"}, {\"word\": \"vertebro-\"}, {\"word\": \"vertebr-\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*wert-\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"la\", \"3\": \"vertebra\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"a joint\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin vertebra (“a joint”)\", \"name\": \"bor\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"vertō\", \"3\": \"-bra\", \"nocat\": \"1\", \"pos2\": \"instrumental nominal suffix\", \"t1\": \"to turn\"}, \"expansion\": \"vertō (“to turn”) + -bra (instrumental nominal suffix)\", \"name\": \"af\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Borrowing from Latin vertebra (“a joint”), from vertō (“to turn”) + -bra (instrumental nominal suffix). Having multiple vertebrae (plural of vertebra) in one's backbone instead of having a single bone or solid spine, allows for the movement of the body with bends and turns. Hence meaning 1.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"vertebrae\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}, {\"form\": \"vertebræ\", \"tags\": [\"obsolete\", \"plural\"]}, {\"form\": \"vertebras\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"vertebrae\", \"2\": \"vertebræ\", \"3\": \"+\", \"pl2qual\": \"obsolete\"}, \"expansion\": \"vertebra (plural vertebrae or (obsolete) vertebræ or vertebras)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"holonyms\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:vertebra\", \"word\": \"backbone\"}], \"hyponyms\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:vertebra\", \"word\": \"cervical vertebra\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:vertebra\", \"word\": \"coccygeal vertebra\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:vertebra\", \"word\": \"lumbar vertebra\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:vertebra\", \"word\": \"sacral vertebra\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:vertebra\", \"word\": \"thoracic vertebra\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"vertebrally\"}, {\"word\": \"coccyx\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Bashkir terms with redundant script codes\", \"Central Kurdish terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English nouns with irregular plurals\", \"English terms borrowed from Latin\", \"English terms derived from Latin\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wert-\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Mandarin terms with redundant transliterations\", \"Pages with 7 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)tɪbɹə\", \"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)tɪbɹə/3 syllables\", \"Terms with Afrikaans translations\", \"Terms with Ancient Greek translations\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Armenian translations\", \"Terms with Bashkir translations\", \"Terms with Belarusian translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Burmese translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Cebuano translations\", \"Terms with Central Kurdish translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Egyptian translations\", \"Terms with Evenki translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Galician translations\", \"Terms with Georgian translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hebrew translations\", \"Terms with Hokkien translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Ingrian translations\", \"Terms with Interlingua translations\", \"Terms with Inupiaq translations\", \"Terms with Irish translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Latvian translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Malayalam translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Mongolian translations\", \"Terms with Navajo translations\", \"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian translations\", \"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Persian translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Tagalog translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with Walloon translations\", \"Terms with Welsh translations\", \"Terms with Yakut translations\", \"en:Skeleton\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Meronyms: see Thesaurus:vertebra\"}, {\"ref\": \"1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:\", \"text\": \"Already I seemed to hear the water rippling against the desiccated bones and rattling them together, rolling my skull against Mahomed's, and his against mine, till at last Mahomed's stood straight up upon its vertebræ, and glared at me through its empty eyeholes, and cursed me with its grinning jaws, because I, a dog of a Christian, disturbed the last sleep of a true believer.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Any of the bony or cartilaginous segments which make up the backbone, consisting in some lower vertebrates of several distinct elements which never become united, and in higher vertebrates having a short more or less cylindrical body whose ends articulate by pads of elastic or cartilaginous tissue with those of adjacent vertebrae and a bony arch that encloses the spinal cord.\"], \"links\": [[\"anatomy\", \"anatomy\"], [\"bony\", \"bony\"], [\"cartilaginous\", \"cartilaginous\"], [\"segment\", \"segment\"], [\"backbone\", \"backbone\"], [\"consist\", \"consist\"], [\"vertebrate\", \"vertebrate\"], [\"distinct\", \"distinct\"], [\"element\", \"element\"], [\"unite\", \"unite\"], [\"cylindrical\", \"cylindrical\"], [\"articulate\", \"articulate\"], [\"pad\", \"pad\"], [\"elastic\", \"elastic\"], [\"tissue\", \"tissue\"], [\"adjacent\", \"adjacent\"], [\"arch\", \"arch\"], [\"enclose\", \"enclose\"], [\"spinal cord\", \"spinal cord\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(anatomy) Any of the bony or cartilaginous segments which make up the backbone, consisting in some lower vertebrates of several distinct elements which never become united, and in higher vertebrates having a short more or less cylindrical body whose ends articulate by pads of elastic or cartilaginous tissue with those of adjacent vertebrae and a bony arch that encloses the spinal cord.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:Q180323\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"spondyle\"}], \"topics\": [\"anatomy\", \"medicine\", \"sciences\"], \"wikidata\": [\"Q180323\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ˈvɜː.tɪb.ɹə/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈvɝ.təb.ɹə/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈvɝ.təˌbɹeɪ/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-vertebra.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/En-us-vertebra.ogg/En-us-vertebra.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/En-us-vertebra.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɜː(ɹ)tɪbɹə\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:vertebra\", \"word\": \"vertebra\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"af\", \"lang\": \"Afrikaans\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"werwel\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"faqara\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"فَقَرَة\"}, {\"code\": \"arz\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"faqara\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"فقرة\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"oġ\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"ող\"}, {\"code\": \"ba\", \"lang\": \"Bashkir\", \"roman\": \"umırtqa\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"умыртҡа\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"pazvanók\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"пазвано́к\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"grǎbnačen prešlen\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"гръбначен прешлен\"}, {\"code\": \"my\", \"lang\": \"Burmese\", \"roman\": \"kyau:rui:hcac\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"singular\"], \"word\": \"ကျောရိုးဆစ်\"}, {\"code\": \"my\", \"lang\": \"Burmese\", \"roman\": \"kyau:rui:hcacmya:\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"], \"word\": \"ကျောရိုးဆစ်များ\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"vèrtebra\"}, {\"code\": \"ceb\", \"lang\": \"Cebuano\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"dugokan\"}, {\"code\": \"nan-hbl\", \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\"], \"word\": \"透龍骨\"}, {\"code\": \"nan-hbl\", \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"roman\": \"thàu-liông-kut\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\"], \"word\": \"透龙骨\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"zhuīgǔ\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"椎骨\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jǐzhuī\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"脊椎\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jǐzhuīgǔ\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"脊椎骨\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"obratel\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"ryghvirvel\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"wervel\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"rugwervel\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"ruggengraatswervel\"}, {\"code\": \"egy\", \"lang\": \"Egyptian\", \"roman\": \"ṯz\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"Tz:Z1\"}, {\"code\": \"evn\", \"lang\": \"Evenki\", \"roman\": \"sigdə\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"сигдэ\"}, {\"code\": \"evn\", \"lang\": \"Evenki\", \"roman\": \"nugdī\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"нугды̄\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"nikama\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"selkänikama\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"vertèbre\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"vértebra\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"mala\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"მალა\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"xerxemali\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"ხერხემალი\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"Wirbel\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"Wirbelknochen\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"spóndylos\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"σπόνδυλος\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"sphóndulos\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"σφόνδυλος\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"ẖulyá\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"חֻלְיָה\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"csigolya\"}, {\"code\": \"izh\", \"lang\": \"Ingrian\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"piiluu\"}, {\"code\": \"izh\", \"lang\": \"Ingrian\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"nikan\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"vertebra\"}, {\"code\": \"ik\", \"lang\": \"Inupiaq\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"ikik\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"veirteabra\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"vertebra\"}, {\"alt\": \"ついこつ\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"tsuikotsu\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"椎骨\"}, {\"alt\": \"脊椎\", \"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"cheokchu\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"척추\"}, {\"code\": \"ckb\", \"lang\": \"Central Kurdish\", \"roman\": \"birrbirre\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"بڕبڕە\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"birrbirre\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"vertebra\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"skriemelis\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"pršlen\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"пршлен\"}, {\"code\": \"ml\", \"lang\": \"Malayalam\", \"roman\": \"kaśēru\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"കശേരു\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"tangai\"}, {\"code\": \"mn\", \"lang\": \"Mongolian\", \"roman\": \"nugalam\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"нугалам\"}, {\"code\": \"mn\", \"lang\": \"Mongolian\", \"roman\": \"nuruuny üje\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"нурууны үе\"}, {\"code\": \"mn\", \"lang\": \"Mongolian\", \"roman\": \"nugalmaj\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"нугалмай\"}, {\"code\": \"mn\", \"lang\": \"Mongolian\", \"roman\": \"seer\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"сээр\"}, {\"code\": \"nv\", \"lang\": \"Navajo\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"íígháán\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"ryggvirvel\"}, {\"code\": \"ota\", \"lang\": \"Ottoman Turkish\", \"roman\": \"fıkra\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"فقره\"}, {\"code\": \"ota\", \"lang\": \"Ottoman Turkish\", \"roman\": \"mühre\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"مهره\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"mohre\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"مهره\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"inanimate\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"kręg\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"vértebra\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"vertebră\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"pozvonók\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"позвоно́к\"}, {\"code\": \"gd\", \"lang\": \"Scottish Gaelic\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"cnàimh an droma\"}, {\"code\": \"gd\", \"lang\": \"Scottish Gaelic\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"dromaltach\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"пршљен\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"кра́љежак\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"кра́љешак\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"pršljen\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"králježak\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"králješak\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"vretence\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"vértebra\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"ryggkota\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"kota\"}, {\"code\": \"tl\", \"lang\": \"Tagalog\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"gulugod\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"omur\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"xrebécʹ\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"хребе́ць\"}, {\"code\": \"wa\", \"lang\": \"Walloon\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"cronzoxh\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"cefngymal\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"fertebra\"}, {\"code\": \"sah\", \"lang\": \"Yakut\", \"roman\": \"tonoğos\", \"sense\": \"any of the small bones making up the backbone\", \"word\": \"тоноҕос\"}], \"word\": \"vertebra\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "vertebra",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.