See ren on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for ren meaning in All languages combined (75.0kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "ren"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin ren",
"name": "lbor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rein",
"id1": "kidney",
"t1": "kidney"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of rein (“kidney”)",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Latin ren. Doublet of rein (“kidney”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "renes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es"
},
"expansion": "ren (plural renes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "en:Anatomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "59 41",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Nephrology",
"orig": "en:Nephrology",
"parents": [
"Medicine",
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1759, Malcolm Flemyng, “Lecture XIX. On the kidneys and urinary bladder. Gravel; calculus.”, in An Introduction to Physiology, Being a Courſe of Lectures Upon the moſt important Parts of the Animal Œconomy: […], London: J. Nourse, →OCLC, page 259",
"text": "Having treated laſt of the expulſion of the inteſtinal fæces, we come next to conſider thoſe organs, which ſeparate and throw off another principal excrementitious matter, to wit, urine. The firſt of which is the renes or kidneys.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1810, William Tully, “On Aliment”, in Proceedings of the Presidents and Fellows of the Connecticut Medical Society, published 1884, page 326",
"text": "We find, however, that the detrita, consisting principally of effete hydrogen and carbon, brought into the circulation by the absorbents, are constantly making their escape from the system by way of the renes, skin, and lungs, in the forms of water, and carbonic-acid.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1858, William Tully, Materia Medica; Or, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, page 1195",
"text": "It would probably have been considered an important omission if I had not mentioned Water as a substance excreted freely by the renes or kidneys.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1893, Henry Power, Leonard William Sedgwick, The New Sydenham Society's Lexicon of Medicine and the Allied Sciences",
"text": "Renal. Belonging to the ren or kidney.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A kidney."
],
"id": "en-ren-en-noun-PM4Hrovg",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"kidney",
"kidney"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) A kidney."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "renal"
}
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹɛn/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛn"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ren"
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "egy",
"3": "rn"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Egyptian rn",
"name": "lbor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Egyptian rn, r:n-A2",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rens",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ren (plural rens)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Egyptian mythology",
"orig": "en:Egyptian mythology",
"parents": [
"Ancient Egypt",
"Mythology",
"Ancient Africa",
"Ancient Near East",
"History of Egypt",
"Culture",
"Ancient history",
"History of Africa",
"Ancient Asia",
"Egypt",
"History of Asia",
"Society",
"History",
"Africa",
"Asia",
"All topics",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 74",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Ancient Egypt",
"orig": "en:Ancient Egypt",
"parents": [
"Ancient Africa",
"Ancient Near East",
"History of Egypt",
"Ancient history",
"History of Africa",
"Ancient Asia",
"Egypt",
"History of Asia",
"History",
"Africa",
"Asia",
"All topics",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 71",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Onomastics",
"orig": "en:Onomastics",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Names",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1983, Norman Mailer, Ancient Evenings",
"text": "For the Ren did not belong to the man, but came out of the Celestial Waters to enter an infant in the hour of his birth and might not stir again until it was time to go back.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One’s name, as part of the soul in ancient Egyptian mythology."
],
"id": "en-ren-en-noun-RO7kRAdW",
"links": [
[
"Egyptian",
"Egyptian"
],
[
"mythology",
"mythology"
],
[
"name",
"name"
],
[
"soul",
"soul"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Egyptian mythology) One’s name, as part of the soul in ancient Egyptian mythology."
],
"tags": [
"Egyptian"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"mysticism",
"mythology",
"philosophy",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹɛn/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛn"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ren"
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "re",
"3": "",
"4": "cloud, clouds"
},
"expansion": "re (“cloud, clouds”)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The Tosk (Çamërisht, Arbëreshë/Arvanite) and also Old Albanian form of Standard Albanian re (“cloud, clouds”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "feminine nouns",
"g": "f",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ren f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "ren f",
"name": "sq-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "re"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rij"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ritë"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "vrenjt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "vrenjtur"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vrëndë"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vranësi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rend"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "përrua"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "përrue"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "përrenj"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "përronj"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"cloud(s)"
],
"id": "en-ren-sq-noun-uzDn-yIh",
"links": [
[
"cloud",
"cloud"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 60 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Albanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"haze, mist"
],
"id": "en-ren-sq-noun-Y-ZW3Et9",
"links": [
[
"haze",
"haze"
],
[
"mist",
"mist"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"overcast"
],
"id": "en-ren-sq-noun-1PDY4xmY",
"links": [
[
"overcast",
"overcast"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rên"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rêu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rêj"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Gheg"
],
"word": "rê"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "Standard Albanian",
"word": "re"
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "fr",
"3": "renne",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "French renne",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "fr",
"3": "renne"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French renne",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French renne.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rens",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "ren m (plural rens)",
"name": "ca-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "ca",
"name": "Cervids",
"orig": "ca:Cervids",
"parents": [
"Even-toed ungulates",
"Mammals",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"reindeer"
],
"id": "en-ren-ca-noun-boTO84Na",
"links": [
[
"reindeer",
"reindeer"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"ca:ren"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈrɛn]",
"tags": [
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrən]",
"tags": [
"Balearic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈren]",
"tags": [
"Valencian"
]
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yue",
"nocap": ""
},
"expansion": "Clipping",
"name": "clipping"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yue",
"2": "en",
"3": "render"
},
"expansion": "English render",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "render"
},
"expansion": "Clipping of English render.",
"name": "yue-etym-clip-en"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Clipping of English render.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "ren",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Cantonese terms with collocations",
"parents": [
"Terms with collocations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hong Kong Cantonese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Computer graphics",
"orig": "zh:Computer graphics",
"parents": [
"Computing",
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ren片 [Hong Kong Cantonese] ― ren pin³⁻² [Jyutping] ― to render a video"
},
{
"english": "Nelson, finish rendering the animation in half an hour.",
"ref": "2023, 新聞女王 [The Queen of News], episode 1, spoken by 徐曉薇 (何依婷 [Regina Ho])",
"text": "Nelson，半個鐘頭內ren好個動畫。 [Hong Kong Cantonese, trad.]\nNelson，半个钟头内ren好个动画。 [Hong Kong Cantonese, simp.]\nNelson, bun³ go³ zung¹ tau⁴ noi⁶ ren hou² go³ dung⁶ waa⁶⁻². [Jyutping]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to render"
],
"id": "en-ren-zh-verb-oSD9Nzln",
"links": [
[
"computer graphics",
"computer graphics"
],
[
"render",
"render"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Hong Kong Cantonese, computer graphics) to render"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"topics": [
"computer-graphics",
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹɛːn⁵⁵/"
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chk",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "ren",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chuukese",
"lang_code": "chk",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chuukese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chuukese prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"with (third person singular)"
],
"id": "en-ren-chk-prep-VW3GYypL",
"links": [
[
"with",
"with"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "ren",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Cimbrian",
"lang_code": "cim",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Cimbrian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Cimbrian entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to speak"
],
"id": "en-ren-cim-verb-TKdixBly",
"links": [
[
"speak",
"speak#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Cimbrian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Cimbrian entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 83",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "cim",
"name": "Talking",
"orig": "cim:Talking",
"parents": [
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Human",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to talk"
],
"id": "en-ren-cim-verb-SuqWjjbe",
"links": [
[
"talk",
"talk#English"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "non",
"3": "hreinn",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hreinn m",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrainaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrainaz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "rein"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian rein",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ren"
},
"expansion": "Swedish ren",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hrān"
},
"expansion": "Old English hrān",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse hreinn m, from Proto-Germanic *hrainaz, cognate with Norwegian rein, Swedish ren, Old English hrān.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "renen",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rener",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "da-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ren",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rener",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "renerne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "reners",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "renernes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"10": "rener",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{pl-indef-2}}}",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{com}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "singular definite",
"4": "renen",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{sg-def-2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "plural indefinite",
"f1accel-form": "def|s",
"f4accel-form": "indef|p",
"g": "c",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "ren c (singular definite renen, plural indefinite rener)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "er"
},
"expansion": "ren c (singular definite renen, plural indefinite rener)",
"name": "da-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "er"
},
"name": "da-decl"
},
{
"args": {
"g": "c",
"gen-pl-def": "renernes",
"gen-pl-def-2": "",
"gen-pl-def-3": "",
"gen-pl-indef": "reners",
"gen-pl-indef-2": "",
"gen-sg-def": "renens",
"gen-sg-def-2": "",
"gen-sg-indef": "rens",
"gen-sg-indef-2": "",
"gen-sg-indef-3": "",
"pl-def": "renerne",
"pl-def-2": "",
"pl-def-3": "",
"pl-indef": "rener",
"pl-indef-2": "",
"pl-indef-3": "",
"sg-def": "renen",
"sg-def-2": "",
"sg-indef": "ren"
},
"name": "da-noun-infl-base"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 39 1 14 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 32 1 30 30",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "da",
"name": "Cervids",
"orig": "da:Cervids",
"parents": [
"Even-toed ungulates",
"Mammals",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "rensdyr"
}
],
"glosses": [
"reindeer"
],
"id": "en-ren-da-noun-boTO84Na",
"links": [
[
"reindeer",
"reindeer"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rensdyr"
}
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/reːˀn/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈʁæˀn]"
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "non",
"3": "rein",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rein f",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rainō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rainō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "rein"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian rein",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ren"
},
"expansion": "Swedish ren",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Rain"
},
"expansion": "German Rain",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rean"
},
"expansion": "English rean",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse rein f, from Proto-Germanic *rainō, cognate with Norwegian rein, Swedish ren, German Rain (English rean is from Old Norse).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "renen",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rene",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rener",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "da-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ren",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rener",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "renene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "renerne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "reners",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "renenes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "renernes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"10": "rene",
"11": "or",
"12": "rener",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{com}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "singular definite",
"4": "renen",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{sg-def-2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "plural indefinite",
"f1accel-form": "def|s",
"f4accel-form": "indef|p",
"g": "c",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "ren c (singular definite renen, plural indefinite rene or rener)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "e",
"pl-indef-2": "rener"
},
"expansion": "ren c (singular definite renen, plural indefinite rene or rener)",
"name": "da-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "e",
"pl-def-2": "renerne",
"pl-indef-2": "rener"
},
"name": "da-decl"
},
{
"args": {
"g": "c",
"gen-pl-def": "renenes",
"gen-pl-def-2": "renernes",
"gen-pl-def-3": "",
"gen-pl-indef": "renes",
"gen-pl-indef-2": "reners",
"gen-sg-def": "renens",
"gen-sg-def-2": "",
"gen-sg-indef": "rens",
"gen-sg-indef-2": "",
"gen-sg-indef-3": "",
"pl-def": "renene",
"pl-def-2": "renerne",
"pl-def-3": "",
"pl-indef": "rene",
"pl-indef-2": "rener",
"pl-indef-3": "",
"sg-def": "renen",
"sg-def-2": "",
"sg-indef": "ren"
},
"name": "da-noun-infl-base"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "da",
"name": "Agriculture",
"orig": "da:Agriculture",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "da",
"name": "Real estate",
"orig": "da:Real estate",
"parents": [
"Housing",
"Industries",
"Buildings",
"Home",
"Business",
"Buildings and structures",
"Society",
"Economics",
"Architecture",
"All topics",
"Social sciences",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Culture"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 39 1 14 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 32 1 30 30",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "da",
"name": "Cervids",
"orig": "da:Cervids",
"parents": [
"Even-toed ungulates",
"Mammals",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "agerren"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a strip of unplowed land serving as a boundary between estates"
],
"id": "en-ren-da-noun-MkZSBP4O",
"links": [
[
"real estate",
"real estate"
],
[
"agriculture",
"agriculture"
],
[
"strip",
"strip"
],
[
"unplowed",
"unplowed"
],
[
"land",
"land"
],
[
"boundary",
"boundary"
],
[
"estate",
"estate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, real estate, agriculture) a strip of unplowed land serving as a boundary between estates"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "agerren"
}
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"rare"
],
"topics": [
"agriculture",
"business",
"lifestyle",
"real-estate"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/reːˀn/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈʁæˀn]"
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "renavl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rendyrke"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "renfærdig"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rengøre"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "renhed"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "renhjertet"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "renholde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "renlig"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "renlivet"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rense"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "renskrive"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "renskuret"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "renskære"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "renvaske"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "non",
"3": "hreinn",
"4": "",
"5": "clean"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hreinn (“clean”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrainiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrainiz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "rein"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian rein",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ren"
},
"expansion": "Swedish ren",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "rein"
},
"expansion": "German rein",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌷𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (hrains)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse hreinn (“clean”), from Proto-Germanic *hrainiz, cognate with Norwegian rein, Swedish ren, German rein, Gothic 𐌷𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (hrains).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rent",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "rene",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rene",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "da-infl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ren",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "renere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "renest",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "rent",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "rene",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "renere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "renest",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "rene",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"definite",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "renere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"comparative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "reneste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"definite",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{3}}}",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{comp2}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{4}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{sup2}}}",
"19": "",
"2": "adjective",
"20": "{{{5}}}",
"21": "",
"22": "",
"3": "neuter",
"4": "rent",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "plural and definite singular attributive",
"8": "rene",
"9": "",
"f1accel-form": "n|s",
"f3accel-form": "e-form",
"f5accel-form": "comd",
"f7accel-form": "pred|supd",
"f9accel-form": "attr|supd",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ren (neuter rent, plural and definite singular attributive rene)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "t",
"2": "e"
},
"expansion": "ren (neuter rent, plural and definite singular attributive rene)",
"name": "da-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "est"
},
"name": "da-infl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"clean (without dirt)"
],
"id": "en-ren-da-adj-rDJTN7I-",
"links": [
[
"clean",
"clean"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 39 1 14 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 32 1 30 30",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "da",
"name": "Cervids",
"orig": "da:Cervids",
"parents": [
"Even-toed ungulates",
"Mammals",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pure, mere, sheer(without any added elements)"
],
"id": "en-ren-da-adj-q82gLku1",
"links": [
[
"pure",
"pure"
],
[
"mere",
"mere"
],
[
"sheer",
"sheer"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"pure (morally)"
],
"id": "en-ren-da-adj-7E4T~fnE",
"links": [
[
"pure",
"pure"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/reːˀn/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈʁæˀn]"
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "rinne"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch rinne",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "renne"
},
"expansion": "renne",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch rinne, renne.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rennen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rennetje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-en",
"3": "rennetje"
},
"expansion": "ren f (plural rennen, diminutive rennetje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ren"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "hoenderren"
},
{
"word": "kippenren"
},
{
"word": "konijnenren"
},
{
"word": "varkensren"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A run; an enclosed area where small or mid-sized livestock such as poultry are kept."
],
"id": "en-ren-nl-noun-apC2UNow",
"links": [
[
"run",
"run"
],
[
"enclosed",
"enclosed"
],
[
"area",
"area"
],
[
"livestock",
"livestock"
],
[
"poultry",
"poultry"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rɛn/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛn"
},
{
"homophone": "Ren"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-ren.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/Nl-ren.ogg/Nl-ren.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Nl-ren.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "ren",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ren"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 61 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rennen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rennen:\n## first-person singular present indicative\n## imperative",
"first-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-ren-nl-verb-TxBugUvL",
"links": [
[
"rennen",
"rennen#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of rennen:\n"
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rennen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rennen:\n## first-person singular present indicative\n## imperative",
"imperative"
],
"id": "en-ren-nl-verb-8VfCHWUU",
"links": [
[
"rennen",
"rennen#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of rennen:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rɛn/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛn"
},
{
"homophone": "Ren"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-ren.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/Nl-ren.ogg/Nl-ren.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Nl-ren.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "ren"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese ren",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "la",
"3": "rēs"
},
"expansion": "Latin rēs",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "nāta"
},
"expansion": "nāta",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "rēs"
},
"expansion": "rēs",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "nātum"
},
"expansion": "nātum",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "la",
"3": "",
"4": "no things"
},
"expansion": "Latin no things",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Galician-Portuguese ren, from Latin rēs nāta, neutral plural of rēs nātum, Latin no things.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "ren",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "todo"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Galician pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nothing"
],
"id": "en-ren-gl-pron-F4XPw7xq",
"links": [
[
"nothing",
"nothing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(now literary) nothing"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "nada"
}
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈreŋ/"
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ht",
"2": "fr",
"3": "rein",
"4": "",
"5": "kidney"
},
"expansion": "French rein (“kidney”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French rein (“kidney”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ht",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ren",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"lang_code": "ht",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Haitian Creole entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"kidney"
],
"id": "en-ren-ht-noun-HfH8w8ta",
"links": [
[
"kidney",
"kidney"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɣɛ̃/"
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "renes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ia",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "renes",
"f2accel-form": "p",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "ren (plural renes)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "renes"
},
"expansion": "ren (plural renes)",
"name": "ia-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Interlingua entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"kidney"
],
"id": "en-ren-ia-noun-HfH8w8ta",
"links": [
[
"kidney",
"kidney"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "romanization",
"head": "",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "ren",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "れん"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese romanizations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Rōmaji transcription of れん"
],
"id": "en-ren-ja-romanization-Uv7lLwbu",
"links": [
[
"Rōmaji",
"romaji"
],
[
"れん",
"れん#Japanese"
]
],
"tags": [
"Rōmaji",
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balkan Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "rână"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: rână",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: rână"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "rene"
},
"expansion": "Italian: rene",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: rene"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "rini"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: rini",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: rini"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "North-Italian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "ren"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: ren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: ren"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "reno"
},
"expansion": "Venetian: reno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetian: reno"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "ren"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: ren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: ren"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "rein"
},
"expansion": "Old French: rein, rain\nMiddle French: rein\nFrench: rein\nNorman: rein\nWalloon: rino, rno, rin\n→ English: rein",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old French: rein, rain\nMiddle French: rein\nFrench: rein\nNorman: rein\nWalloon: rino, rno, rin\n→ English: rein"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Occitano-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "ren"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: ren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: ren"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "renera",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Aragonese: renera",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Aragonese: renera"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "rẽes",
"g": "f-p",
"t": "hips"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: rẽes f pl (“hips”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "from the plural"
},
"expansion": "(from the plural)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: rẽes f pl (“hips”) (from the plural)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "rens",
"3": "res"
},
"expansion": "Galician: rens, res",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: rens, res"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "rin"
},
"expansion": "Galician: rin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: rin"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "rim"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: rim",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: rim"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "rene",
"qq": "dated"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: rene (dated)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: rene (dated)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sardinian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "arrene",
"3": "rene"
},
"expansion": "rene",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "rene"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*rēna",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *rēna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *rēna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-gas",
"2": "rea",
"3": "arrea",
"4": "arreia",
"5": "arria",
"6": "arriá",
"7": "arrenha"
},
"expansion": "Gascon: rea, arrea, arreia, arria, arriá, arrenha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gascon: rea, arrea, arreia, arria, arriá, arrenha"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*rēnile",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *rēnile",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *rēnile"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "*rẽil"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: *rẽil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: *rẽil"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "ril",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Galician: ril, rinle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: ril, rinle"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*rēniō",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *rēniō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *rēniō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aln",
"2": "rrâni",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Gheg Albanian: rrâni",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Gheg Albanian: rrâni"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ren",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: ren (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: ren (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ia",
"2": "ren",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Interlingua: ren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Interlingua: ren"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*hrēn",
"4": "",
"5": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *hrēn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φρήν",
"3": "",
"4": "heart, midriff, mind"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek φρήν (phrḗn, “heart, midriff, mind”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷʰrḗn",
"4": "",
"5": "an internal part of the body"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰrḗn (“an internal part of the body”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*srēn"
},
"expansion": "*srēn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "straunay"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian straunay",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "strė́nos"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian strė́nos",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "srė́nos",
"3": "",
"4": "loins",
"g": "f-p"
},
"expansion": "srė́nos f pl (“loins”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "striena",
"3": "",
"4": "loins"
},
"expansion": "Latvian striena (“loins”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬭𐬁𐬥𐬀-",
"3": "",
"4": "thigh"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬭𐬁𐬥𐬀- (rāna-, “thigh”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*srḗn",
"3": "",
"4": "hip, loins"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *srḗn (“hip, loins”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ῥάχις",
"3": "",
"4": "spine, chine"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ῥάχις (rhákhis, “spine, chine”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "āriñc"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A āriñc",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "arañce",
"3": "",
"4": "heart"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B arañce (“heart”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒄩𒄩𒊑",
"t": "lungs ~ midriff ?",
"tr": "ḫa-ḫa-ri-",
"ts": "ḫaḫri-"
},
"expansion": "Hittite 𒄩𒄩𒊑 (ḫa-ḫa-ri- /ḫaḫri-/, “lungs ~ midriff ?”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*h₂eh₂-ri-, *h₂eh₂-r-en-",
"4": "an internal organ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₂-ri-, *h₂eh₂-r-en- (“an internal organ”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "áru"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish áru",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "aren",
"3": "",
"4": "kidney"
},
"expansion": "Welsh aren (“kidney”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Several etymologies proposed:\n* From Proto-Italic *hrēn, cognate with Ancient Greek φρήν (phrḗn, “heart, midriff, mind”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰrḗn (“an internal part of the body”).\n* Earlier *srēn, cognate with Old Prussian straunay, Lithuanian strė́nos, srė́nos f pl (“loins”), Latvian striena (“loins”) and Avestan 𐬭𐬁𐬥𐬀- (rāna-, “thigh”), from Proto-Indo-European *srḗn (“hip, loins”). Further disputed connection with Ancient Greek ῥάχις (rhákhis, “spine, chine”).\n* Cognate with Tocharian A āriñc, Tocharian B arañce (“heart”) and Hittite 𒄩𒄩𒊑 (ḫa-ḫa-ri- /ḫaḫri-/, “lungs ~ midriff ?”) (exact meaning uncertain), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₂-ri-, *h₂eh₂-r-en- (“an internal organ”). Compare also Old Irish áru and Welsh aren (“kidney”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rēn",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "rēnis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rēn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rēnēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rēnis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rēnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rēnī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rēnibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rēnem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rēnēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rēne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rēnibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rēn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rēnēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rēn<3>",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "rēn m (genitive rēnis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rēn<3>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Undetermined quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Organs",
"orig": "la:Organs",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "rēnālis"
},
{
"word": "rēniculus"
},
{
"word": "rēnunculus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"kidney"
],
"id": "en-ren-la-noun-HfH8w8ta",
"links": [
[
"kidney",
"kidney"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly in the plural) kidney"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rien"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"in-plural"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/reːn/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[reːn]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ren/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[rɛn]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"notr": "1"
},
"expansion": "ren",
"name": "cmn-pinyin"
}
],
"lang": "Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "rén"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hanyu Pinyin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mandarin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mandarin terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Nonstandard spelling of rén."
],
"id": "en-ren-cmn-romanization-ADRnsNC4",
"links": [
[
"rén",
"rén#Mandarin"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"nonstandard"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "rěn"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hanyu Pinyin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mandarin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mandarin terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Nonstandard spelling of rěn."
],
"id": "en-ren-cmn-romanization-LfCCybW8",
"links": [
[
"rěn",
"rěn#Mandarin"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"nonstandard"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "rèn"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hanyu Pinyin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mandarin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mandarin terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Nonstandard spelling of rèn."
],
"id": "en-ren-cmn-romanization-DhD9NcWg",
"links": [
[
"rèn",
"rèn#Mandarin"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"nonstandard"
]
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "ren",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Manx entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "jean"
}
],
"glosses": [
"past of jean"
],
"id": "en-ren-gv-verb-7oqFd~uU",
"links": [
[
"jean",
"jean#Manx"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"past"
]
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "uren"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gullende ren"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rengjøre"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "renhet"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "renhold"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "renholder"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "non",
"3": "hreinn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hreinn",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse hreinn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rent",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rene",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renere",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "renest",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "reneste",
"tags": [
"definite",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"10": "renest",
"11": "definite superlative",
"12": "reneste",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "neuter singular",
"4": "rent",
"5": "definite singular and plural",
"6": "rene",
"7": "comparative",
"8": "renere",
"9": "indefinite superlative"
},
"expansion": "ren (neuter singular rent, definite singular and plural rene, comparative renere, indefinite superlative renest, definite superlative reneste)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"clean"
],
"id": "en-ren-nb-adj-OwZoBPbR",
"links": [
[
"clean",
"clean"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"pure"
],
"id": "en-ren-nb-adj-uLoux-kH",
"links": [
[
"pure",
"pure"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "/reːn/"
},
{
"other": "[ɾeːn]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Nynorsk",
"also"
],
"word": "rein"
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "la",
"3": "rēnes"
},
"expansion": "Latin rēnes",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "rēn"
},
"expansion": "rēn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*hrēn",
"4": "",
"5": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *hrēn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷʰren-",
"4": "",
"5": "an internal part of the body"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰren- (“an internal part of the body”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "from Latin rēnes < rēn, from Proto-Italic *hrēn, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰren- (“an internal part of the body”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rens",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ren m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "ren m (plural rens)",
"name": "oc-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "oc",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "oc:Anatomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"kidney"
],
"id": "en-ren-oc-noun-HfH8w8ta",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"kidney",
"kidney"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) kidney"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lomb"
},
{
"word": "ronhon"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gascon"
],
"word": "arnelh"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ren/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q14185 (oci)-Davidgrosclaude-ren.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cc/LL-Q14185_%28oci%29-Davidgrosclaude-ren.wav/LL-Q14185_%28oci%29-Davidgrosclaude-ren.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cc/LL-Q14185_%28oci%29-Davidgrosclaude-ren.wav/LL-Q14185_%28oci%29-Davidgrosclaude-ren.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "la",
"3": "rem"
},
"expansion": "Latin rem",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "rēs",
"3": "",
"4": "thing"
},
"expansion": "rēs (“thing”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "res",
"3": "",
"4": "nothing"
},
"expansion": "Catalan res (“nothing”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "rien",
"3": "",
"4": "nothing"
},
"expansion": "French rien (“nothing”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin rem, accusative of rēs (“thing”). Compare Catalan res (“nothing”), French rien (“nothing”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "ren",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Limousin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Provençal",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "28 72",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Occitan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 87",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Occitan pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nothing"
],
"id": "en-ren-oc-pron-F4XPw7xq",
"links": [
[
"nothing",
"nothing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Provençal, Limousin) nothing"
],
"tags": [
"Limousin",
"Provençal"
]
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "ren m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"lang_code": "pms",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Piedmontese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"kidney"
],
"id": "en-ren-pms-noun-HfH8w8ta",
"links": [
[
"kidney",
"kidney"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rɛŋ/"
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gmq",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "North Germanic",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gmq"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from North Germanic",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "rein"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål rein",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ren"
},
"expansion": "Swedish ren",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from North Germanic. Compare Norwegian Bokmål rein, Swedish ren.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "reniferzyca",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-anml",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ren",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "reny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "renowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "reny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "renem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "renie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "renie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "reny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-anml",
"f": "reniferzyca"
},
"expansion": "ren m animal (female equivalent reniferzyca)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ren"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-anml"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "89 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "92 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "94 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "94 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish singularia tantum",
"parents": [
"Singularia tantum",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Male animals",
"orig": "pl:Male animals",
"parents": [
"Animals",
"Male",
"Lifeforms",
"Gender",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"Fundamental",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "95 5",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Reindeers",
"orig": "pl:Reindeers",
"parents": [
"Cervids",
"Even-toed ungulates",
"Mammals",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"caribou, reindeer (Arctic and Subarctic-dwelling deer)"
],
"id": "en-ren-pl-noun-xplZrGBS",
"links": [
[
"caribou",
"caribou"
],
[
"reindeer",
"reindeer"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "reniferowy"
},
{
"word": "renifer"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "karibu"
},
{
"word": "renifer"
},
{
"word": "renifer tundrowy"
}
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rɛn/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛn"
},
{
"homophone": "Ren"
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "la",
"3": "rhenium"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin rhenium",
"name": "lbor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Latin rhenium.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ren",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ren",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "ren m inan",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ren"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"tantum": "s"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 63",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Chemical elements",
"orig": "pl:Chemical elements",
"parents": [
"Matter",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rhenium"
],
"id": "en-ren-pl-noun-JyXVqyJL",
"links": [
[
"rhenium",
"rhenium"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rɛn/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛn"
},
{
"homophone": "Ren"
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "renne",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "French renne",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "renne"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French renne",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "sv",
"3": "ren"
},
"expansion": "Swedish ren",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "non",
"3": "hreinn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hreinn",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French renne, from Swedish ren, from Old Norse hreinn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "reni",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ren",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "un ren",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "reni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niște reni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "renii",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ren",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "unui ren",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "reni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "unor reni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "renilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "renule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "renilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "reni"
},
"expansion": "ren m (plural reni)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"gpd": "renilor",
"gpi": "reni",
"gsd": "renului",
"gsi": "ren",
"n": "",
"npd": "renii",
"npi": "reni",
"nsd": "renul",
"nsi": "ren",
"vp": "renilor",
"vs": "renule",
"vs2": ""
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "ro",
"name": "Cervids",
"orig": "ro:Cervids",
"parents": [
"Even-toed ungulates",
"Mammals",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"reindeer"
],
"id": "en-ren-ro-noun-boTO84Na",
"links": [
[
"reindeer",
"reindeer"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"ro:ren"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ren/"
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*xrěnъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xrěnъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*xrěnъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xrěnъ",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xrěnъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rȅn",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "ре̏н",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sh-decl-noun-unc\n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rȅn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rèna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ren",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "renu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"head": "rȅn"
},
"expansion": "rȅn m (Cyrillic spelling ре̏н)",
"name": "sh-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rȅn",
"2": "rèna",
"3": "renu",
"4": "ren",
"5": "rene",
"6": "renu",
"7": "renom"
},
"name": "sh-decl-noun-unc"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "sh",
"name": "Vegetables",
"orig": "sh:Vegetables",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Plants",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Lifeforms",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"horseradish"
],
"id": "en-ren-sh-noun-gIPA1UAx",
"links": [
[
"horseradish",
"horseradish"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rên/"
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dikesren"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "vägren"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "åkerren"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "non",
"3": "hreinn",
"pos": "n"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hreinn (noun)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse hreinn (noun).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sv-infl-noun-c-ar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ren",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "renarna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renars",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "renarnas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"g": "c",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ren c",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"expansion": "ren c",
"name": "sv-noun"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "härk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "renko"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "rentjur"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "sarv"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "vaja"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sv-infl-noun-c-ar"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ren",
"2": "renen",
"3": "renar",
"4": "renarna",
"5": "rens",
"6": "renens",
"7": "renars",
"8": "renarnas",
"base": "ren",
"definitions": "",
"gender": "Common"
},
"name": "sv-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 1 27 68 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 19 18 58 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 6 23 63 1",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "sv",
"name": "Even-toed ungulates",
"orig": "sv:Even-toed ungulates",
"parents": [
"Mammals",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Rudolf with the red nose, was the name of a [completely] ordinary reindeer, who had gotten a cold nose [had become cold about/around the nose], thence [thereof] came its red glow. Rudolf always got to hear: \"Look, he has his fog light on!\" That he got tired of this, is something one can understand. But one dark Christmas Eve night, Santa Claus, he said: \"Don't you want to, Rudolf, say, with your nose, light my way [light me]?\" Ever since that day the reindeer, Santa's own sleigh pulls. Rudolf with the red nose, lights Santa Claus's way [lights way for Santa Claus].",
"ref": "1949, “Rudolf med röda mulen”, Eric Sandström (lyrics), Johnny Marks (music)",
"text": "Rudolf med röda mulen, hette en helt vanlig ren, som blivit kall om mulen, därav kom dess röda sken. Rudolf fick alltid höra: \"Se, han har sitt dimljus på!\" Att han blev led åt detta, är en sak man kan förstå. Men en mörk julaftonskväll, tomtefar han sa: \"Vill du inte Rudolf, säg, med din mule lysa mig?\" Allt sen den dagen renen, tomtens egen släde drar. Rudolf med röda mulen, lyser väg åt tomtefar.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"reindeer (Rangifer tarandus)"
],
"id": "en-ren-sv-noun-KBbxSkTB",
"links": [
[
"reindeer",
"reindeer"
],
[
"Rangifer tarandus",
"Rangifer tarandus#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a strip of land around an edge (of a road or field or the like)"
],
"id": "en-ren-sv-noun-lBo18wY3",
"links": [
[
"strip",
"strip"
],
[
"edge",
"edge"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly in compounds) a strip of land around an edge (of a road or field or the like)"
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"in-compounds"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Sv-ren.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6e/Sv-ren.ogg/Sv-ren.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Sv-ren.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "oren"
},
{
"word": "smutsig"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ha rent mjöl i påsen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ren och skär"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rena rama"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "non",
"3": "hreinn",
"4": "",
"5": "clean"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hreinn (“clean”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrainiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrainiz",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse hreinn (“clean”), from Proto-Germanic *hrainiz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "renare",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "renast",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sv-adj-reg",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ren",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"indefinite",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"indefinite",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "rent",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "rena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "renare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "renast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "rene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "renare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "renast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "rene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renaste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "rena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "renare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "renaste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "comparative",
"6": "renare",
"7": "superlative",
"8": "renast",
"f2accel-form": "comparative",
"f3accel-form": "superlative",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ren (comparative renare, superlative renast)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ren (comparative renare, superlative renast)",
"name": "sv-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "A washing machine makes clothes clean",
"text": "En tvättmaskin gör kläder rena",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I've cleaned the cabin, so now it's nice and clean in there",
"text": "Jag har städat stugan, så nu är det rent och fint där inne",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"clean (not dirty)"
],
"id": "en-ren-sv-adj-lRCvEz69",
"links": [
[
"clean",
"clean"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "pure gold",
"text": "rent guld",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "a pure lie",
"text": "en ren lögn",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "pure idiocy",
"text": "ren idioti",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pure"
],
"id": "en-ren-sv-adj-uLoux-kH",
"links": [
[
"pure",
"pure"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "drink vodka straight",
"text": "dricka vodka rent",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pure",
"straight (without anything added)"
],
"id": "en-ren-sv-adj-widuXnHx",
"links": [
[
"pure",
"pure"
],
[
"straight",
"straight"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Sv-ren.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6e/Sv-ren.ogg/Sv-ren.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Sv-ren.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tpi",
"2": "en",
"3": "rain"
},
"expansion": "English rain",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English rain.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tpi",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ren",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"lang_code": "tpi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tok Pisin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "tpi",
"name": "Nature",
"orig": "tpi:Nature",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rain"
],
"id": "en-ren-tpi-noun-MZtExXCk",
"links": [
[
"rain",
"rain"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "蓮",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𨕡",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "蓮, 𨕡"
},
"expansion": "ren • (蓮, 𨕡)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "蓮, 𨕡"
},
"expansion": "ren • (蓮, 𨕡)",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "65 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "69 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"threading"
],
"id": "en-ren-vi-noun-TMYHSJCb",
"links": [
[
"threading",
"threading"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[zɛn˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʐɛŋ˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɹɛŋ˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
]
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "蓮",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𨕡",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "蓮, 𨕡"
},
"expansion": "ren • (蓮, 𨕡)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "蓮, 𨕡"
},
"expansion": "ren • (蓮, 𨕡)",
"name": "vi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to thread; lace; weave"
],
"id": "en-ren-vi-verb-Hn7QpdRs",
"links": [
[
"thread",
"thread"
],
[
"lace",
"lace"
],
[
"weave",
"weave"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[zɛn˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʐɛŋ˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɹɛŋ˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
]
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wo",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "ren {{{1}}}",
"f1request": "1",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "ren",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ren",
"name": "wo-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Wolof",
"lang_code": "wo",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Wolof entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Wolof entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "wo",
"name": "Years",
"orig": "wo:Years",
"parents": [
"Periodic occurrences",
"Time",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"last year"
],
"id": "en-ren-wo-noun-J5O0kYXj",
"links": [
[
"year",
"year"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wuh",
"2": "cmn",
"3": "人"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin 人 (rén)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Mandarin 人 (rén).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wuh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ren",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Wutunhua",
"lang_code": "wuh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Wutunhua entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"person"
],
"id": "en-ren-wuh-noun-OKgeh-eW",
"links": [
[
"person",
"person"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɻə̃]"
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"categories": [
"Albanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Albanian feminine nouns",
"Albanian lemmas",
"Albanian nouns"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "re",
"3": "",
"4": "cloud, clouds"
},
"expansion": "re (“cloud, clouds”)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The Tosk (Çamërisht, Arbëreshë/Arvanite) and also Old Albanian form of Standard Albanian re (“cloud, clouds”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "feminine nouns",
"g": "f",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ren f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "ren f",
"name": "sq-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "re"
},
{
"word": "rij"
},
{
"word": "ritë"
},
{
"word": "vrenjt"
},
{
"word": "vrenjtur"
},
{
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vrëndë"
},
{
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vranësi"
},
{
"word": "rend"
},
{
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "përrua"
},
{
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "përrue"
},
{
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "përrenj"
},
{
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "përronj"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"cloud(s)"
],
"links": [
[
"cloud",
"cloud"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"haze, mist"
],
"links": [
[
"haze",
"haze"
],
[
"mist",
"mist"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"overcast"
],
"links": [
[
"overcast",
"overcast"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rên"
},
{
"word": "rêu"
},
{
"word": "rêj"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gheg"
],
"word": "rê"
},
{
"english": "Standard Albanian",
"word": "re"
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "fr",
"3": "renne",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "French renne",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "fr",
"3": "renne"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French renne",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French renne.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rens",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "ren m (plural rens)",
"name": "ca-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Catalan countable nouns",
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Catalan lemmas",
"Catalan masculine nouns",
"Catalan nouns",
"Catalan terms borrowed from French",
"Catalan terms derived from French",
"Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation",
"ca:Cervids"
],
"glosses": [
"reindeer"
],
"links": [
[
"reindeer",
"reindeer"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"ca:ren"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈrɛn]",
"tags": [
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrən]",
"tags": [
"Balearic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈren]",
"tags": [
"Valencian"
]
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yue",
"nocap": ""
},
"expansion": "Clipping",
"name": "clipping"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yue",
"2": "en",
"3": "render"
},
"expansion": "English render",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "render"
},
"expansion": "Clipping of English render.",
"name": "yue-etym-clip-en"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Clipping of English render.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "ren",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese clippings",
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Cantonese terms derived from English",
"Cantonese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Cantonese terms with collocations",
"Cantonese terms with quotations",
"Cantonese verbs",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese verbs",
"Hong Kong Cantonese",
"zh:Computer graphics"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ren片 [Hong Kong Cantonese] ― ren pin³⁻² [Jyutping] ― to render a video"
},
{
"english": "Nelson, finish rendering the animation in half an hour.",
"ref": "2023, 新聞女王 [The Queen of News], episode 1, spoken by 徐曉薇 (何依婷 [Regina Ho])",
"text": "Nelson，半個鐘頭內ren好個動畫。 [Hong Kong Cantonese, trad.]\nNelson，半个钟头内ren好个动画。 [Hong Kong Cantonese, simp.]\nNelson, bun³ go³ zung¹ tau⁴ noi⁶ ren hou² go³ dung⁶ waa⁶⁻². [Jyutping]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to render"
],
"links": [
[
"computer graphics",
"computer graphics"
],
[
"render",
"render"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Hong Kong Cantonese, computer graphics) to render"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"topics": [
"computer-graphics",
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹɛːn⁵⁵/"
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chk",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "ren",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chuukese",
"lang_code": "chk",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chuukese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chuukese lemmas",
"Chuukese prepositions"
],
"glosses": [
"with (third person singular)"
],
"links": [
[
"with",
"with"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"categories": [
"Cimbrian entries with incorrect language header",
"Cimbrian entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Cimbrian lemmas",
"Cimbrian verbs",
"cim:Talking"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "ren",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Cimbrian",
"lang_code": "cim",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to speak"
],
"links": [
[
"speak",
"speak#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to talk"
],
"links": [
[
"talk",
"talk#English"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"categories": [
"Danish adjectives",
"Danish common-gender nouns",
"Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"Danish lemmas",
"Danish nouns",
"Danish terms derived from Old Norse",
"Danish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Danish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"da:Cervids"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "rensdyr"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "non",
"3": "hreinn",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hreinn m",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrainaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrainaz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "rein"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian rein",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ren"
},
"expansion": "Swedish ren",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hrān"
},
"expansion": "Old English hrān",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse hreinn m, from Proto-Germanic *hrainaz, cognate with Norwegian rein, Swedish ren, Old English hrān.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "renen",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rener",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "da-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ren",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rener",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "renerne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "reners",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "renernes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"10": "rener",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{pl-indef-2}}}",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{com}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "singular definite",
"4": "renen",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{sg-def-2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "plural indefinite",
"f1accel-form": "def|s",
"f4accel-form": "indef|p",
"g": "c",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "ren c (singular definite renen, plural indefinite rener)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "er"
},
"expansion": "ren c (singular definite renen, plural indefinite rener)",
"name": "da-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "er"
},
"name": "da-decl"
},
{
"args": {
"g": "c",
"gen-pl-def": "renernes",
"gen-pl-def-2": "",
"gen-pl-def-3": "",
"gen-pl-indef": "reners",
"gen-pl-indef-2": "",
"gen-sg-def": "renens",
"gen-sg-def-2": "",
"gen-sg-indef": "rens",
"gen-sg-indef-2": "",
"gen-sg-indef-3": "",
"pl-def": "renerne",
"pl-def-2": "",
"pl-def-3": "",
"pl-indef": "rener",
"pl-indef-2": "",
"pl-indef-3": "",
"sg-def": "renen",
"sg-def-2": "",
"sg-indef": "ren"
},
"name": "da-noun-infl-base"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"reindeer"
],
"links": [
[
"reindeer",
"reindeer"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rensdyr"
}
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/reːˀn/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈʁæˀn]"
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"categories": [
"Danish adjectives",
"Danish common-gender nouns",
"Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"Danish lemmas",
"Danish nouns",
"Danish terms derived from Old Norse",
"Danish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Danish terms inherited from Old Norse",
"Danish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Danish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"da:Cervids"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "agerren"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "non",
"3": "rein",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rein f",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rainō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rainō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "rein"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian rein",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ren"
},
"expansion": "Swedish ren",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Rain"
},
"expansion": "German Rain",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rean"
},
"expansion": "English rean",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse rein f, from Proto-Germanic *rainō, cognate with Norwegian rein, Swedish ren, German Rain (English rean is from Old Norse).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "renen",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rene",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rener",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "da-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ren",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rener",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "renene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "renerne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "reners",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "renenes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "renernes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"10": "rene",
"11": "or",
"12": "rener",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{com}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "singular definite",
"4": "renen",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{sg-def-2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "plural indefinite",
"f1accel-form": "def|s",
"f4accel-form": "indef|p",
"g": "c",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "ren c (singular definite renen, plural indefinite rene or rener)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "e",
"pl-indef-2": "rener"
},
"expansion": "ren c (singular definite renen, plural indefinite rene or rener)",
"name": "da-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "e",
"pl-def-2": "renerne",
"pl-indef-2": "rener"
},
"name": "da-decl"
},
{
"args": {
"g": "c",
"gen-pl-def": "renenes",
"gen-pl-def-2": "renernes",
"gen-pl-def-3": "",
"gen-pl-indef": "renes",
"gen-pl-indef-2": "reners",
"gen-sg-def": "renens",
"gen-sg-def-2": "",
"gen-sg-indef": "rens",
"gen-sg-indef-2": "",
"gen-sg-indef-3": "",
"pl-def": "renene",
"pl-def-2": "renerne",
"pl-def-3": "",
"pl-indef": "rene",
"pl-indef-2": "rener",
"pl-indef-3": "",
"sg-def": "renen",
"sg-def-2": "",
"sg-indef": "ren"
},
"name": "da-noun-infl-base"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Danish terms with rare senses",
"da:Agriculture",
"da:Real estate"
],
"glosses": [
"a strip of unplowed land serving as a boundary between estates"
],
"links": [
[
"real estate",
"real estate"
],
[
"agriculture",
"agriculture"
],
[
"strip",
"strip"
],
[
"unplowed",
"unplowed"
],
[
"land",
"land"
],
[
"boundary",
"boundary"
],
[
"estate",
"estate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, real estate, agriculture) a strip of unplowed land serving as a boundary between estates"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "agerren"
}
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"rare"
],
"topics": [
"agriculture",
"business",
"lifestyle",
"real-estate"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/reːˀn/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈʁæˀn]"
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"categories": [
"Danish adjectives",
"Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"Danish lemmas",
"Danish terms derived from Old Norse",
"Danish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Danish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"da:Cervids"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "renavl"
},
{
"word": "rendyrke"
},
{
"word": "renfærdig"
},
{
"word": "rengøre"
},
{
"word": "renhed"
},
{
"word": "renhjertet"
},
{
"word": "renholde"
},
{
"word": "renlig"
},
{
"word": "renlivet"
},
{
"word": "rense"
},
{
"word": "renskrive"
},
{
"word": "renskuret"
},
{
"word": "renskære"
},
{
"word": "renvaske"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "non",
"3": "hreinn",
"4": "",
"5": "clean"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hreinn (“clean”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrainiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrainiz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "rein"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian rein",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ren"
},
"expansion": "Swedish ren",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "rein"
},
"expansion": "German rein",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌷𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (hrains)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse hreinn (“clean”), from Proto-Germanic *hrainiz, cognate with Norwegian rein, Swedish ren, German rein, Gothic 𐌷𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (hrains).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rent",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "rene",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rene",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "da-infl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ren",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "renere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "renest",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "rent",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "rene",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "renere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "renest",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "rene",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"definite",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "renere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"comparative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "reneste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"definite",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{3}}}",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{comp2}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{4}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{sup2}}}",
"19": "",
"2": "adjective",
"20": "{{{5}}}",
"21": "",
"22": "",
"3": "neuter",
"4": "rent",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "plural and definite singular attributive",
"8": "rene",
"9": "",
"f1accel-form": "n|s",
"f3accel-form": "e-form",
"f5accel-form": "comd",
"f7accel-form": "pred|supd",
"f9accel-form": "attr|supd",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ren (neuter rent, plural and definite singular attributive rene)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "t",
"2": "e"
},
"expansion": "ren (neuter rent, plural and definite singular attributive rene)",
"name": "da-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "est"
},
"name": "da-infl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"clean (without dirt)"
],
"links": [
[
"clean",
"clean"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"pure, mere, sheer(without any added elements)"
],
"links": [
[
"pure",
"pure"
],
[
"mere",
"mere"
],
[
"sheer",
"sheer"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"pure (morally)"
],
"links": [
[
"pure",
"pure"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/reːˀn/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈʁæˀn]"
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch feminine nouns",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Dutch terms with audio links",
"Dutch terms with homophones",
"Dutch verb forms",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɛn",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɛn/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "hoenderren"
},
{
"word": "kippenren"
},
{
"word": "konijnenren"
},
{
"word": "varkensren"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "rinne"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch rinne",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "renne"
},
"expansion": "renne",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch rinne, renne.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rennen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rennetje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-en",
"3": "rennetje"
},
"expansion": "ren f (plural rennen, diminutive rennetje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ren"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A run; an enclosed area where small or mid-sized livestock such as poultry are kept."
],
"links": [
[
"run",
"run"
],
[
"enclosed",
"enclosed"
],
[
"area",
"area"
],
[
"livestock",
"livestock"
],
[
"poultry",
"poultry"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rɛn/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛn"
},
{
"homophone": "Ren"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-ren.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/Nl-ren.ogg/Nl-ren.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Nl-ren.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Dutch terms with audio links",
"Dutch terms with homophones",
"Dutch verb forms",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɛn",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɛn/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "ren",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ren"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rennen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rennen:\n## first-person singular present indicative\n## imperative",
"first-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"rennen",
"rennen#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of rennen:\n"
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rennen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rennen:\n## first-person singular present indicative\n## imperative",
"imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"rennen",
"rennen#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of rennen:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rɛn/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛn"
},
{
"homophone": "Ren"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-ren.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/Nl-ren.ogg/Nl-ren.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Nl-ren.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English learned borrowings from Egyptian",
"English learned borrowings from Latin",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Egyptian",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Egyptian",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:English/ɛn",
"Rhymes:English/ɛn/1 syllable",
"en:Ancient Egypt",
"en:Nephrology",
"en:Onomastics"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "ren"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin ren",
"name": "lbor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rein",
"id1": "kidney",
"t1": "kidney"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of rein (“kidney”)",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Latin ren. Doublet of rein (“kidney”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "renes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es"
},
"expansion": "ren (plural renes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "renal"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Anatomy"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1759, Malcolm Flemyng, “Lecture XIX. On the kidneys and urinary bladder. Gravel; calculus.”, in An Introduction to Physiology, Being a Courſe of Lectures Upon the moſt important Parts of the Animal Œconomy: […], London: J. Nourse, →OCLC, page 259",
"text": "Having treated laſt of the expulſion of the inteſtinal fæces, we come next to conſider thoſe organs, which ſeparate and throw off another principal excrementitious matter, to wit, urine. The firſt of which is the renes or kidneys.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1810, William Tully, “On Aliment”, in Proceedings of the Presidents and Fellows of the Connecticut Medical Society, published 1884, page 326",
"text": "We find, however, that the detrita, consisting principally of effete hydrogen and carbon, brought into the circulation by the absorbents, are constantly making their escape from the system by way of the renes, skin, and lungs, in the forms of water, and carbonic-acid.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1858, William Tully, Materia Medica; Or, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, page 1195",
"text": "It would probably have been considered an important omission if I had not mentioned Water as a substance excreted freely by the renes or kidneys.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1893, Henry Power, Leonard William Sedgwick, The New Sydenham Society's Lexicon of Medicine and the Allied Sciences",
"text": "Renal. Belonging to the ren or kidney.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A kidney."
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"kidney",
"kidney"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) A kidney."
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹɛn/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛn"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ren"
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English learned borrowings from Egyptian",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Egyptian",
"English terms derived from Egyptian",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:English/ɛn",
"Rhymes:English/ɛn/1 syllable",
"en:Ancient Egypt",
"en:Nephrology",
"en:Onomastics"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "egy",
"3": "rn"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Egyptian rn",
"name": "lbor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Egyptian rn, r:n-A2",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rens",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ren (plural rens)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Egyptian mythology"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1983, Norman Mailer, Ancient Evenings",
"text": "For the Ren did not belong to the man, but came out of the Celestial Waters to enter an infant in the hour of his birth and might not stir again until it was time to go back.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One’s name, as part of the soul in ancient Egyptian mythology."
],
"links": [
[
"Egyptian",
"Egyptian"
],
[
"mythology",
"mythology"
],
[
"name",
"name"
],
[
"soul",
"soul"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Egyptian mythology) One’s name, as part of the soul in ancient Egyptian mythology."
],
"tags": [
"Egyptian"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"mysticism",
"mythology",
"philosophy",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹɛn/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛn"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ren"
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "ren"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese ren",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "la",
"3": "rēs"
},
"expansion": "Latin rēs",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "nāta"
},
"expansion": "nāta",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "rēs"
},
"expansion": "rēs",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "nātum"
},
"expansion": "nātum",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "la",
"3": "",
"4": "no things"
},
"expansion": "Latin no things",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Galician-Portuguese ren, from Latin rēs nāta, neutral plural of rēs nātum, Latin no things.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "ren",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "todo"
}
],
"categories": [
"Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"Galician lemmas",
"Galician literary terms",
"Galician pronouns",
"Galician terms derived from Latin",
"Galician terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Galician terms inherited from Latin",
"Galician terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Galician terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"nothing"
],
"links": [
[
"nothing",
"nothing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(now literary) nothing"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "nada"
}
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈreŋ/"
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ht",
"2": "fr",
"3": "rein",
"4": "",
"5": "kidney"
},
"expansion": "French rein (“kidney”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French rein (“kidney”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ht",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ren",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"lang_code": "ht",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Haitian Creole entries with incorrect language header",
"Haitian Creole lemmas",
"Haitian Creole nouns",
"Haitian Creole terms derived from French",
"Haitian Creole terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"kidney"
],
"links": [
[
"kidney",
"kidney"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɣɛ̃/"
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "renes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ia",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "renes",
"f2accel-form": "p",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "ren (plural renes)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "renes"
},
"expansion": "ren (plural renes)",
"name": "ia-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Interlingua entries with incorrect language header",
"Interlingua lemmas",
"Interlingua nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"kidney"
],
"links": [
[
"kidney",
"kidney"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "romanization",
"head": "",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "ren",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "れん"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese non-lemma forms",
"Japanese romanizations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual script codes"
],
"glosses": [
"Rōmaji transcription of れん"
],
"links": [
[
"Rōmaji",
"romaji"
],
[
"れん",
"れん#Japanese"
]
],
"tags": [
"Rōmaji",
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "rēnālis"
},
{
"word": "rēniculus"
},
{
"word": "rēnunculus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balkan Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "rână"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: rână",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: rână"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "rene"
},
"expansion": "Italian: rene",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: rene"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "rini"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: rini",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: rini"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "North-Italian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "ren"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: ren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: ren"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "reno"
},
"expansion": "Venetian: reno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetian: reno"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "ren"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: ren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: ren"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "rein"
},
"expansion": "Old French: rein, rain\nMiddle French: rein\nFrench: rein\nNorman: rein\nWalloon: rino, rno, rin\n→ English: rein",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old French: rein, rain\nMiddle French: rein\nFrench: rein\nNorman: rein\nWalloon: rino, rno, rin\n→ English: rein"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Occitano-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "ren"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: ren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: ren"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "renera",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Aragonese: renera",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Aragonese: renera"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "rẽes",
"g": "f-p",
"t": "hips"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: rẽes f pl (“hips”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "from the plural"
},
"expansion": "(from the plural)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: rẽes f pl (“hips”) (from the plural)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "rens",
"3": "res"
},
"expansion": "Galician: rens, res",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: rens, res"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "rin"
},
"expansion": "Galician: rin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: rin"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "rim"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: rim",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: rim"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "rene",
"qq": "dated"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: rene (dated)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: rene (dated)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sardinian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "arrene",
"3": "rene"
},
"expansion": "rene",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "rene"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*rēna",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *rēna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *rēna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-gas",
"2": "rea",
"3": "arrea",
"4": "arreia",
"5": "arria",
"6": "arriá",
"7": "arrenha"
},
"expansion": "Gascon: rea, arrea, arreia, arria, arriá, arrenha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gascon: rea, arrea, arreia, arria, arriá, arrenha"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*rēnile",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *rēnile",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *rēnile"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "*rẽil"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: *rẽil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: *rẽil"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "ril",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Galician: ril, rinle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: ril, rinle"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*rēniō",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *rēniō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *rēniō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aln",
"2": "rrâni",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Gheg Albanian: rrâni",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Gheg Albanian: rrâni"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ren",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: ren (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: ren (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ia",
"2": "ren",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Interlingua: ren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Interlingua: ren"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*hrēn",
"4": "",
"5": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *hrēn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φρήν",
"3": "",
"4": "heart, midriff, mind"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek φρήν (phrḗn, “heart, midriff, mind”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷʰrḗn",
"4": "",
"5": "an internal part of the body"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰrḗn (“an internal part of the body”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*srēn"
},
"expansion": "*srēn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "straunay"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian straunay",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "strė́nos"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian strė́nos",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "srė́nos",
"3": "",
"4": "loins",
"g": "f-p"
},
"expansion": "srė́nos f pl (“loins”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "striena",
"3": "",
"4": "loins"
},
"expansion": "Latvian striena (“loins”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬭𐬁𐬥𐬀-",
"3": "",
"4": "thigh"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬭𐬁𐬥𐬀- (rāna-, “thigh”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*srḗn",
"3": "",
"4": "hip, loins"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *srḗn (“hip, loins”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ῥάχις",
"3": "",
"4": "spine, chine"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ῥάχις (rhákhis, “spine, chine”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "āriñc"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A āriñc",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "arañce",
"3": "",
"4": "heart"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B arañce (“heart”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒄩𒄩𒊑",
"t": "lungs ~ midriff ?",
"tr": "ḫa-ḫa-ri-",
"ts": "ḫaḫri-"
},
"expansion": "Hittite 𒄩𒄩𒊑 (ḫa-ḫa-ri- /ḫaḫri-/, “lungs ~ midriff ?”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*h₂eh₂-ri-, *h₂eh₂-r-en-",
"4": "an internal organ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₂-ri-, *h₂eh₂-r-en- (“an internal organ”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "áru"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish áru",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "aren",
"3": "",
"4": "kidney"
},
"expansion": "Welsh aren (“kidney”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Several etymologies proposed:\n* From Proto-Italic *hrēn, cognate with Ancient Greek φρήν (phrḗn, “heart, midriff, mind”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰrḗn (“an internal part of the body”).\n* Earlier *srēn, cognate with Old Prussian straunay, Lithuanian strė́nos, srė́nos f pl (“loins”), Latvian striena (“loins”) and Avestan 𐬭𐬁𐬥𐬀- (rāna-, “thigh”), from Proto-Indo-European *srḗn (“hip, loins”). Further disputed connection with Ancient Greek ῥάχις (rhákhis, “spine, chine”).\n* Cognate with Tocharian A āriñc, Tocharian B arañce (“heart”) and Hittite 𒄩𒄩𒊑 (ḫa-ḫa-ri- /ḫaḫri-/, “lungs ~ midriff ?”) (exact meaning uncertain), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₂-ri-, *h₂eh₂-r-en- (“an internal organ”). Compare also Old Irish áru and Welsh aren (“kidney”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rēn",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "rēnis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rēn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rēnēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rēnis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rēnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rēnī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rēnibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rēnem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rēnēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rēne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rēnibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rēn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rēnēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rēn<3>",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "rēn m (genitive rēnis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rēn<3>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin 1-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
"Latin third declension nouns",
"Undetermined quotations with omitted translation",
"Undetermined terms with quotations",
"la:Organs"
],
"glosses": [
"kidney"
],
"links": [
[
"kidney",
"kidney"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly in the plural) kidney"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"in-plural"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/reːn/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[reːn]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ren/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[rɛn]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rien"
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"categories": [
"Hanyu Pinyin",
"Mandarin entries with incorrect language header",
"Mandarin non-lemma forms",
"Mandarin terms with redundant script codes"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"notr": "1"
},
"expansion": "ren",
"name": "cmn-pinyin"
}
],
"lang": "Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "rén"
}
],
"categories": [
"Mandarin nonstandard forms"
],
"glosses": [
"Nonstandard spelling of rén."
],
"links": [
[
"rén",
"rén#Mandarin"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"nonstandard"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "rěn"
}
],
"categories": [
"Mandarin nonstandard forms"
],
"glosses": [
"Nonstandard spelling of rěn."
],
"links": [
[
"rěn",
"rěn#Mandarin"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"nonstandard"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "rèn"
}
],
"categories": [
"Mandarin nonstandard forms"
],
"glosses": [
"Nonstandard spelling of rèn."
],
"links": [
[
"rèn",
"rèn#Mandarin"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"nonstandard"
]
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "ren",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Manx entries with incorrect language header",
"Manx non-lemma forms",
"Manx verb forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "jean"
}
],
"glosses": [
"past of jean"
],
"links": [
[
"jean",
"jean#Manx"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"past"
]
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "uren"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "gullende ren"
},
{
"word": "rengjøre"
},
{
"word": "renhet"
},
{
"word": "renhold"
},
{
"word": "renholder"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "non",
"3": "hreinn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hreinn",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse hreinn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rent",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rene",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renere",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "renest",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "reneste",
"tags": [
"definite",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"10": "renest",
"11": "definite superlative",
"12": "reneste",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "neuter singular",
"4": "rent",
"5": "definite singular and plural",
"6": "rene",
"7": "comparative",
"8": "renere",
"9": "indefinite superlative"
},
"expansion": "ren (neuter singular rent, definite singular and plural rene, comparative renere, indefinite superlative renest, definite superlative reneste)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"clean"
],
"links": [
[
"clean",
"clean"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"pure"
],
"links": [
[
"pure",
"pure"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "/reːn/"
},
{
"other": "[ɾeːn]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Nynorsk",
"also"
],
"word": "rein"
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"categories": [
"Occitan countable nouns",
"Occitan entries with incorrect language header",
"Occitan lemmas",
"Occitan masculine nouns",
"Occitan nouns",
"Occitan pronouns",
"Occitan terms derived from Latin",
"Occitan terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Occitan terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Occitan terms inherited from Latin",
"Occitan terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Occitan terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Occitan terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Occitan terms with audio links"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "la",
"3": "rēnes"
},
"expansion": "Latin rēnes",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "rēn"
},
"expansion": "rēn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*hrēn",
"4": "",
"5": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *hrēn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷʰren-",
"4": "",
"5": "an internal part of the body"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰren- (“an internal part of the body”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "from Latin rēnes < rēn, from Proto-Italic *hrēn, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰren- (“an internal part of the body”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rens",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ren m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "ren m (plural rens)",
"name": "oc-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"oc:Anatomy"
],
"glosses": [
"kidney"
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"kidney",
"kidney"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) kidney"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ren/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q14185 (oci)-Davidgrosclaude-ren.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cc/LL-Q14185_%28oci%29-Davidgrosclaude-ren.wav/LL-Q14185_%28oci%29-Davidgrosclaude-ren.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cc/LL-Q14185_%28oci%29-Davidgrosclaude-ren.wav/LL-Q14185_%28oci%29-Davidgrosclaude-ren.wav.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lomb"
},
{
"word": "ronhon"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gascon"
],
"word": "arnelh"
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"categories": [
"Occitan entries with incorrect language header",
"Occitan lemmas",
"Occitan pronouns",
"Occitan terms derived from Latin",
"Occitan terms inherited from Latin"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "la",
"3": "rem"
},
"expansion": "Latin rem",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "rēs",
"3": "",
"4": "thing"
},
"expansion": "rēs (“thing”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "res",
"3": "",
"4": "nothing"
},
"expansion": "Catalan res (“nothing”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "rien",
"3": "",
"4": "nothing"
},
"expansion": "French rien (“nothing”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin rem, accusative of rēs (“thing”). Compare Catalan res (“nothing”), French rien (“nothing”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "ren",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Limousin",
"Provençal"
],
"glosses": [
"nothing"
],
"links": [
[
"nothing",
"nothing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Provençal, Limousin) nothing"
],
"tags": [
"Limousin",
"Provençal"
]
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "ren m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"lang_code": "pms",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Piedmontese entries with incorrect language header",
"Piedmontese lemmas",
"Piedmontese masculine nouns",
"Piedmontese nouns",
"Piedmontese terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"kidney"
],
"links": [
[
"kidney",
"kidney"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rɛŋ/"
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"categories": [
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish animal nouns",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish learned borrowings from Latin",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish singularia tantum",
"Polish terms borrowed from Latin",
"Polish terms borrowed from North Germanic languages",
"Polish terms derived from Latin",
"Polish terms derived from North Germanic languages",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio links",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛn",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛn/1 syllable",
"pl:Chemical elements",
"pl:Male animals",
"pl:Reindeers"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gmq",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "North Germanic",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gmq"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from North Germanic",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "rein"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål rein",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ren"
},
"expansion": "Swedish ren",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from North Germanic. Compare Norwegian Bokmål rein, Swedish ren.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "reniferzyca",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-anml",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ren",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "reny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "renowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "reny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "renem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "renie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "renie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "reny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-anml",
"f": "reniferzyca"
},
"expansion": "ren m animal (female equivalent reniferzyca)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ren"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-anml"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "reniferowy"
},
{
"word": "renifer"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"caribou, reindeer (Arctic and Subarctic-dwelling deer)"
],
"links": [
[
"caribou",
"caribou"
],
[
"reindeer",
"reindeer"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "karibu"
},
{
"word": "renifer"
},
{
"word": "renifer tundrowy"
}
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rɛn/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛn"
},
{
"homophone": "Ren"
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"categories": [
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish learned borrowings from Latin",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish singularia tantum",
"Polish terms borrowed from Latin",
"Polish terms derived from Latin",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio links",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛn",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛn/1 syllable",
"pl:Chemical elements",
"pl:Male animals",
"pl:Reindeers"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "la",
"3": "rhenium"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin rhenium",
"name": "lbor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Latin rhenium.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ren",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ren",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "ren m inan",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ren"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"tantum": "s"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"rhenium"
],
"links": [
[
"rhenium",
"rhenium"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rɛn/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛn"
},
{
"homophone": "Ren"
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "renne",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "French renne",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "renne"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French renne",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "sv",
"3": "ren"
},
"expansion": "Swedish ren",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "non",
"3": "hreinn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hreinn",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French renne, from Swedish ren, from Old Norse hreinn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "reni",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ren",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "un ren",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "reni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niște reni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "renii",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ren",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "unui ren",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "reni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "unor reni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "renilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "renule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "renilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "reni"
},
"expansion": "ren m (plural reni)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"gpd": "renilor",
"gpi": "reni",
"gsd": "renului",
"gsi": "ren",
"n": "",
"npd": "renii",
"npi": "reni",
"nsd": "renul",
"nsi": "ren",
"vp": "renilor",
"vs": "renule",
"vs2": ""
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Romanian countable nouns",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian masculine nouns",
"Romanian nouns",
"Romanian terms borrowed from French",
"Romanian terms derived from French",
"Romanian terms derived from Old Norse",
"Romanian terms derived from Swedish",
"Romanian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"ro:Cervids"
],
"glosses": [
"reindeer"
],
"links": [
[
"reindeer",
"reindeer"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"ro:ren"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ren/"
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*xrěnъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xrěnъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*xrěnъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xrěnъ",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xrěnъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rȅn",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "ре̏н",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sh-decl-noun-unc\n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rȅn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rèna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ren",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "renu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"head": "rȅn"
},
"expansion": "rȅn m (Cyrillic spelling ре̏н)",
"name": "sh-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rȅn",
"2": "rèna",
"3": "renu",
"4": "ren",
"5": "rene",
"6": "renu",
"7": "renom"
},
"name": "sh-decl-noun-unc"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"Serbo-Croatian lemmas",
"Serbo-Croatian masculine nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"sh:Vegetables"
],
"glosses": [
"horseradish"
],
"links": [
[
"horseradish",
"horseradish"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rên/"
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"categories": [
"Swedish adjectives",
"Swedish common-gender nouns",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish nouns",
"Swedish terms derived from Old Norse",
"Swedish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Swedish terms inherited from Old Norse",
"Swedish terms with audio links",
"sv:Even-toed ungulates"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "dikesren"
},
{
"word": "vägren"
},
{
"word": "åkerren"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "non",
"3": "hreinn",
"pos": "n"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hreinn (noun)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse hreinn (noun).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sv-infl-noun-c-ar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ren",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "renarna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renars",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "renarnas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"g": "c",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ren c",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"expansion": "ren c",
"name": "sv-noun"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "härk"
},
{
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "renko"
},
{
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "rentjur"
},
{
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "sarv"
},
{
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "vaja"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sv-infl-noun-c-ar"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ren",
"2": "renen",
"3": "renar",
"4": "renarna",
"5": "rens",
"6": "renens",
"7": "renars",
"8": "renarnas",
"base": "ren",
"definitions": "",
"gender": "Common"
},
"name": "sv-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Swedish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Rudolf with the red nose, was the name of a [completely] ordinary reindeer, who had gotten a cold nose [had become cold about/around the nose], thence [thereof] came its red glow. Rudolf always got to hear: \"Look, he has his fog light on!\" That he got tired of this, is something one can understand. But one dark Christmas Eve night, Santa Claus, he said: \"Don't you want to, Rudolf, say, with your nose, light my way [light me]?\" Ever since that day the reindeer, Santa's own sleigh pulls. Rudolf with the red nose, lights Santa Claus's way [lights way for Santa Claus].",
"ref": "1949, “Rudolf med röda mulen”, Eric Sandström (lyrics), Johnny Marks (music)",
"text": "Rudolf med röda mulen, hette en helt vanlig ren, som blivit kall om mulen, därav kom dess röda sken. Rudolf fick alltid höra: \"Se, han har sitt dimljus på!\" Att han blev led åt detta, är en sak man kan förstå. Men en mörk julaftonskväll, tomtefar han sa: \"Vill du inte Rudolf, säg, med din mule lysa mig?\" Allt sen den dagen renen, tomtens egen släde drar. Rudolf med röda mulen, lyser väg åt tomtefar.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"reindeer (Rangifer tarandus)"
],
"links": [
[
"reindeer",
"reindeer"
],
[
"Rangifer tarandus",
"Rangifer tarandus#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a strip of land around an edge (of a road or field or the like)"
],
"links": [
[
"strip",
"strip"
],
[
"edge",
"edge"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly in compounds) a strip of land around an edge (of a road or field or the like)"
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"in-compounds"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Sv-ren.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6e/Sv-ren.ogg/Sv-ren.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Sv-ren.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "oren"
},
{
"word": "smutsig"
}
],
"categories": [
"Swedish adjectives",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish terms derived from Old Norse",
"Swedish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Swedish terms with audio links",
"sv:Even-toed ungulates"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ha rent mjöl i påsen"
},
{
"word": "ren och skär"
},
{
"word": "rena rama"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "non",
"3": "hreinn",
"4": "",
"5": "clean"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hreinn (“clean”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrainiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrainiz",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse hreinn (“clean”), from Proto-Germanic *hrainiz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "renare",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "renast",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sv-adj-reg",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ren",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"indefinite",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"indefinite",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "rent",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "rena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "renare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "renast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "rene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "renare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "renast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "rene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "renaste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "rena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "renare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "renaste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "comparative",
"6": "renare",
"7": "superlative",
"8": "renast",
"f2accel-form": "comparative",
"f3accel-form": "superlative",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ren (comparative renare, superlative renast)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ren (comparative renare, superlative renast)",
"name": "sv-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Swedish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "A washing machine makes clothes clean",
"text": "En tvättmaskin gör kläder rena",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I've cleaned the cabin, so now it's nice and clean in there",
"text": "Jag har städat stugan, så nu är det rent och fint där inne",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"clean (not dirty)"
],
"links": [
[
"clean",
"clean"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Swedish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "pure gold",
"text": "rent guld",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "a pure lie",
"text": "en ren lögn",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "pure idiocy",
"text": "ren idioti",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pure"
],
"links": [
[
"pure",
"pure"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Swedish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "drink vodka straight",
"text": "dricka vodka rent",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pure",
"straight (without anything added)"
],
"links": [
[
"pure",
"pure"
],
[
"straight",
"straight"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Sv-ren.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6e/Sv-ren.ogg/Sv-ren.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Sv-ren.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tpi",
"2": "en",
"3": "rain"
},
"expansion": "English rain",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English rain.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tpi",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ren",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"lang_code": "tpi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Tok Pisin entries with incorrect language header",
"Tok Pisin lemmas",
"Tok Pisin nouns",
"Tok Pisin terms derived from English",
"Tok Pisin terms inherited from English",
"tpi:Nature"
],
"glosses": [
"rain"
],
"links": [
[
"rain",
"rain"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Vietnamese verbs"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "蓮",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𨕡",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "蓮, 𨕡"
},
"expansion": "ren • (蓮, 𨕡)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "蓮, 𨕡"
},
"expansion": "ren • (蓮, 𨕡)",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"threading"
],
"links": [
[
"threading",
"threading"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[zɛn˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʐɛŋ˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɹɛŋ˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
]
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Vietnamese verbs"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "蓮",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𨕡",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "蓮, 𨕡"
},
"expansion": "ren • (蓮, 𨕡)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "蓮, 𨕡"
},
"expansion": "ren • (蓮, 𨕡)",
"name": "vi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to thread; lace; weave"
],
"links": [
[
"thread",
"thread"
],
[
"lace",
"lace"
],
[
"weave",
"weave"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[zɛn˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʐɛŋ˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɹɛŋ˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
]
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wo",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "ren {{{1}}}",
"f1request": "1",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "ren",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ren",
"name": "wo-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Wolof",
"lang_code": "wo",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Wolof entries with incorrect language header",
"Wolof entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Wolof lemmas",
"Wolof nouns",
"wo-noun lacking noun class",
"wo:Years"
],
"glosses": [
"last year"
],
"links": [
[
"year",
"year"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wuh",
"2": "cmn",
"3": "人"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin 人 (rén)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Mandarin 人 (rén).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wuh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ren",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Wutunhua",
"lang_code": "wuh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Wutunhua entries with incorrect language header",
"Wutunhua lemmas",
"Wutunhua nouns",
"Wutunhua terms derived from Mandarin",
"Wutunhua terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"person"
],
"links": [
[
"person",
"person"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɻə̃]"
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.