See ren in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balkan Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "rână"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: rână",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: rână"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "rene"
},
"expansion": "Italian: rene",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: rene"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "rini"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: rini",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: rini"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "North-Italian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "ren"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: ren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: ren"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "reno"
},
"expansion": "Venetan: reno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetan: reno"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "ren"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: ren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: ren"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "rein"
},
"expansion": "Old French: rein, rain\nMiddle French: rein\nFrench: rein\nNorman: rein\nWalloon: rino, rno, rin\n→ English: rein",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old French: rein, rain\nMiddle French: rein\nFrench: rein\nNorman: rein\nWalloon: rino, rno, rin\n→ English: rein"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Occitano-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "ren"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: ren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: ren"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "renera",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Aragonese: renera",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Aragonese: renera"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "rẽes",
"g": "f-p",
"t": "hips"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: rẽes f pl (“hips”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "from the plural"
},
"expansion": "(from the plural)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: rẽes f pl (“hips”) (from the plural)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "rens",
"3": "res"
},
"expansion": "Galician: rens, res",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: rens, res"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "rin"
},
"expansion": "Galician: rin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: rin"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "rim"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: rim",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: rim"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "rene",
"qq": "dated"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: rene (dated)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: rene (dated)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sardinian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "rene"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*rēna",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *rēna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *rēna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-gas",
"2": "rea",
"3": "arrea",
"4": "arreia",
"5": "arria",
"6": "arriá",
"7": "arrenha"
},
"expansion": "Gascon: rea, arrea, arreia, arria, arriá, arrenha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gascon: rea, arrea, arreia, arria, arriá, arrenha"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*rēnile",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *rēnile",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *rēnile"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "*rẽil"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: *rẽil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: *rẽil"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "ril",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Galician: ril, rinle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: ril, rinle"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*rēniō",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *rēniō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *rēniō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aln",
"2": "rrâni",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Gheg Albanian: rrâni",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Gheg Albanian: rrâni"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ren",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: ren (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: ren (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ia",
"2": "ren",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Interlingua: ren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Interlingua: ren"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*hrēn",
"4": "",
"5": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *hrēn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φρήν",
"3": "",
"4": "heart, midriff, mind"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek φρήν (phrḗn, “heart, midriff, mind”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷʰrḗn",
"4": "",
"5": "an internal part of the body"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰrḗn (“an internal part of the body”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "straunay"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian straunay",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "strė́nos"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian strė́nos",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "striena",
"3": "",
"4": "loins"
},
"expansion": "Latvian striena (“loins”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬭𐬁𐬥𐬀-",
"3": "",
"4": "thigh"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬭𐬁𐬥𐬀- (rāna-, “thigh”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*srḗn",
"3": "",
"4": "hip, loins"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *srḗn (“hip, loins”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ῥάχις",
"3": "",
"4": "spine, chine"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ῥάχις (rhákhis, “spine, chine”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "āriñc"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A āriñc",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "arañce",
"3": "",
"4": "heart"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B arañce (“heart”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒄩𒄩𒊑",
"t": "lungs ~ midriff ?",
"tr": "ḫa-ḫa-ri-",
"ts": "ḫaḫri-"
},
"expansion": "Hittite 𒄩𒄩𒊑 (ḫa-ḫa-ri- /ḫaḫri-/, “lungs ~ midriff ?”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*h₂eh₂-ri-, *h₂eh₂-r-en-",
"4": "an internal organ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₂-ri-, *h₂eh₂-r-en- (“an internal organ”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "áru"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish áru",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "aren",
"3": "",
"4": "kidney"
},
"expansion": "Welsh aren (“kidney”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Several etymologies proposed:\n* From Proto-Italic *hrēn, cognate with Ancient Greek φρήν (phrḗn, “heart, midriff, mind”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰrḗn (“an internal part of the body”).\n* Earlier *srēn, cognate with Old Prussian straunay, Lithuanian strė́nos, srė́nos f pl (“loins”), Latvian striena (“loins”) and Avestan 𐬭𐬁𐬥𐬀- (rāna-, “thigh”), from Proto-Indo-European *srḗn (“hip, loins”). Further disputed connection with Ancient Greek ῥάχις (rhákhis, “spine, chine”).\n* Cognate with Tocharian A āriñc, Tocharian B arañce (“heart”) and Hittite 𒄩𒄩𒊑 (ḫa-ḫa-ri- /ḫaḫri-/, “lungs ~ midriff ?”) (exact meaning uncertain), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₂-ri-, *h₂eh₂-r-en- (“an internal organ”). Compare also Old Irish áru and Welsh aren (“kidney”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rēn",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "rēnis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rēn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rēnēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rēnis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rēnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rēnī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rēnibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rēnem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rēnēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rēne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rēnibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rēn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rēnēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rēn<3>",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "rēn m (genitive rēnis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rēn<3>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 28 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Organs",
"orig": "la:Organs",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"All topics",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Health"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "rēnālis"
},
{
"word": "rēniculus"
},
{
"word": "rēnunculus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"kidney"
],
"id": "en-ren-la-noun-HfH8w8ta",
"links": [
[
"kidney",
"kidney"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly in the plural) kidney"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rien"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"in-plural"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/reːn/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[reːn]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ren/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[rɛn]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "rēnālis"
},
{
"word": "rēniculus"
},
{
"word": "rēnunculus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balkan Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "rână"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: rână",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: rână"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "rene"
},
"expansion": "Italian: rene",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: rene"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "rini"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: rini",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: rini"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "North-Italian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "ren"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: ren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: ren"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "reno"
},
"expansion": "Venetan: reno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetan: reno"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "ren"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: ren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: ren"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "rein"
},
"expansion": "Old French: rein, rain\nMiddle French: rein\nFrench: rein\nNorman: rein\nWalloon: rino, rno, rin\n→ English: rein",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old French: rein, rain\nMiddle French: rein\nFrench: rein\nNorman: rein\nWalloon: rino, rno, rin\n→ English: rein"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Occitano-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "ren"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: ren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: ren"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "renera",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Aragonese: renera",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Aragonese: renera"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "rẽes",
"g": "f-p",
"t": "hips"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: rẽes f pl (“hips”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "from the plural"
},
"expansion": "(from the plural)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: rẽes f pl (“hips”) (from the plural)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "rens",
"3": "res"
},
"expansion": "Galician: rens, res",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: rens, res"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "rin"
},
"expansion": "Galician: rin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: rin"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "rim"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: rim",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: rim"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "rene",
"qq": "dated"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: rene (dated)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: rene (dated)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sardinian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "rene"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*rēna",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *rēna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *rēna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-gas",
"2": "rea",
"3": "arrea",
"4": "arreia",
"5": "arria",
"6": "arriá",
"7": "arrenha"
},
"expansion": "Gascon: rea, arrea, arreia, arria, arriá, arrenha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gascon: rea, arrea, arreia, arria, arriá, arrenha"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*rēnile",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *rēnile",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *rēnile"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "*rẽil"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: *rẽil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: *rẽil"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "ril",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Galician: ril, rinle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: ril, rinle"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*rēniō",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *rēniō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *rēniō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aln",
"2": "rrâni",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Gheg Albanian: rrâni",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Gheg Albanian: rrâni"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ren",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: ren (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: ren (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ia",
"2": "ren",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Interlingua: ren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Interlingua: ren"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*hrēn",
"4": "",
"5": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *hrēn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φρήν",
"3": "",
"4": "heart, midriff, mind"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek φρήν (phrḗn, “heart, midriff, mind”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷʰrḗn",
"4": "",
"5": "an internal part of the body"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰrḗn (“an internal part of the body”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "straunay"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian straunay",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "strė́nos"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian strė́nos",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "striena",
"3": "",
"4": "loins"
},
"expansion": "Latvian striena (“loins”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬭𐬁𐬥𐬀-",
"3": "",
"4": "thigh"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬭𐬁𐬥𐬀- (rāna-, “thigh”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*srḗn",
"3": "",
"4": "hip, loins"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *srḗn (“hip, loins”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ῥάχις",
"3": "",
"4": "spine, chine"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ῥάχις (rhákhis, “spine, chine”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "āriñc"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A āriñc",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "arañce",
"3": "",
"4": "heart"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B arañce (“heart”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒄩𒄩𒊑",
"t": "lungs ~ midriff ?",
"tr": "ḫa-ḫa-ri-",
"ts": "ḫaḫri-"
},
"expansion": "Hittite 𒄩𒄩𒊑 (ḫa-ḫa-ri- /ḫaḫri-/, “lungs ~ midriff ?”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*h₂eh₂-ri-, *h₂eh₂-r-en-",
"4": "an internal organ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₂-ri-, *h₂eh₂-r-en- (“an internal organ”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "áru"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish áru",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "aren",
"3": "",
"4": "kidney"
},
"expansion": "Welsh aren (“kidney”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Several etymologies proposed:\n* From Proto-Italic *hrēn, cognate with Ancient Greek φρήν (phrḗn, “heart, midriff, mind”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰrḗn (“an internal part of the body”).\n* Earlier *srēn, cognate with Old Prussian straunay, Lithuanian strė́nos, srė́nos f pl (“loins”), Latvian striena (“loins”) and Avestan 𐬭𐬁𐬥𐬀- (rāna-, “thigh”), from Proto-Indo-European *srḗn (“hip, loins”). Further disputed connection with Ancient Greek ῥάχις (rhákhis, “spine, chine”).\n* Cognate with Tocharian A āriñc, Tocharian B arañce (“heart”) and Hittite 𒄩𒄩𒊑 (ḫa-ḫa-ri- /ḫaḫri-/, “lungs ~ midriff ?”) (exact meaning uncertain), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₂-ri-, *h₂eh₂-r-en- (“an internal organ”). Compare also Old Irish áru and Welsh aren (“kidney”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rēn",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "rēnis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rēn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rēnēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rēnis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rēnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rēnī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rēnibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rēnem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rēnēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rēne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rēnibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rēn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rēnēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rēn<3>",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "rēn m (genitive rēnis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rēn<3>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin 1-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
"Latin third declension nouns",
"Pages with 28 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Organs"
],
"glosses": [
"kidney"
],
"links": [
[
"kidney",
"kidney"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly in the plural) kidney"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"in-plural"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/reːn/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[reːn]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ren/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[rɛn]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rien"
}
],
"word": "ren"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ren meaning in Latin (10.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (94ba7e1 and 5dea2a6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.