See helm on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "answer the helm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "at the helm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "barrel helm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "close helm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "great helm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "helm port"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "helm-port"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "helmsman"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "helmsperson"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "helmswoman"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "take the helm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "weather helm"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel-",
"4": "*ḱelh₂-",
"id1": "cover"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle English helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "helma",
"t": "helm, tiller"
},
"expansion": "Old English helma (“helm, tiller”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helmô",
"t": "handle; helm, tiller"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helmô (“handle; helm, tiller”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel-",
"t": "to cover"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ḱélh₂-m(on)-",
"4": "reed, hollow stalk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱélh₂-m(on)- (“reed, hollow stalk”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Holm",
"t": "beam"
},
"expansion": "German Holm (“beam”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hjálm"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hjálm",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The noun is derived from Middle English helm, helme (“tiller of a ship”), from Old English helma (“helm, tiller”), from Proto-Germanic *helmô (“handle; helm, tiller”), either from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover”) or from the same source as haulm and helm (“bentgrass, straw”) (see below), Proto-Indo-European *ḱélh₂-m(on)- (“reed, hollow stalk”), one form of which then developed a specialized meaning “handle” in Germanic.\nThe verb is derived from the noun.\ncognates\n* German Holm (“beam”)\n* Old Norse hjálm",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "helm (plural helms)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "en:Nautical",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "26 9 15 14 4 19 9 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 10 17 10 2 21 8 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 9 18 9 2 21 8 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 10 17 10 2 18 10 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Asturian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 10 17 10 2 18 10 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 9 16 9 2 18 9 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 11 16 11 3 19 8 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Cantonese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 10 17 9 2 20 9 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 7 23 8 4 17 8 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 11 17 8 2 21 8 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 12 14 12 3 16 9 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 7 4 1 8 1 8 13 5 4 3 8 4 9 3 2 2 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 12 13 11 2 16 9 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 10 17 9 2 20 9 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 11 16 12 3 17 8 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 10 12 12 2 18 9 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 10 18 9 5 20 8 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 8 15 9 2 20 9 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 10 17 10 2 20 9 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 13 16 9 2 18 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 13 16 9 2 18 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 9 17 9 2 19 9 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kazakh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 10 17 9 2 20 9 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 13 16 9 2 18 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 10 17 9 2 19 9 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 13 16 9 2 18 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malayalam translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 9 14 12 2 20 9 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 9 17 10 2 19 10 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 13 18 4 1 22 4 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 10 12 5 1 15 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 9 15 11 2 18 10 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 9 17 9 2 19 8 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 10 17 9 2 20 9 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 13 16 9 2 18 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 9 16 13 2 19 9 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 9 17 9 2 19 8 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 9 17 9 2 19 9 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 9 17 9 2 19 9 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 12 15 9 1 20 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 9 17 9 2 20 9 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 9 17 9 2 20 9 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 10 17 9 2 20 9 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 3 11 1 1 15 0 6 12 4 1 2 11 6 6 4 2 1 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Occupations",
"orig": "en:Occupations",
"parents": [
"People",
"Work",
"Human",
"Human activity",
"All topics",
"Human behaviour",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1563 March 30 (Gregorian calendar), John Lambert, “The History of Master Ihon Lābert otherwise Called Nycolson, wyth the Actes and Processe of King Henrye the VIII. and the Byshops agaynst Hym, by whome He was Condempned and Burned at London. Anno. 1538.”, in John Foxe, Actes and Monuments of These Latter and Perillous Dayes, […], London: […] Iohn Day, […], →OCLC, book III, page [599]:",
"text": "Ye this is both helme & stern of al together: & that which they contended right sore to impugn, but loue of the truth, wherwith in this poynte I reckened me wel fēsed, wold not suffer me to apply & yeld to their wil, thinking, quod sanctū erat veritatē preferre amicitiæ, that the truth ought to be preferred before al frendship & amitye, & also, Si dextra manus scandalizet deberet prescidi & abijci.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1634, T[homas] H[erbert], “An Itinerarie of Some Yeares Trauaile, through Diuers Parts of Asia and Afrike, with the Description of the Orientall Indies, and Some Iles Adjacent. Especially the Territories of the Now Persian Monarchie: Included betwixt Mesopotamia, Indus, and the Caspian Sea”, in A Relation of Some Yeares Trauaile, Begunne Anno 1626. into Afrique and the Greater Asia, […], London: […] William Stansby, and Jacob Bloome, →OCLC, page 5:",
"text": "Nor is this vveather rare about the Æquinoctiall; by Mariners termed the Tornadoes: and tis ſo vncertaine, that novv you ſhall haue a quiet breath and gale, and ſuddenly an vnexpected violent guſt, and ſtorme, ſo fierce, that many times the ſhips vvill feele no helme.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1755–1757 (date written), [Thomas] Gray, “Ode VI. The Bard. Pindaric.”, in The Poems of Mr. Gray. […], York, Yorkshire: […] A[nn] Ward; and sold by J[ames] Dodsley, […]; and J[ohn] Todd, […], published 1775, →OCLC, stanza II.2, page 31:",
"text": "Fair laughs the Morn, and ſoft the Zephyr blovvs, / VVhile proudly riding o'er the azure realm / In gallant trim the gilded Veſſel goes; / Youth on the provv, and Pleaſure at the helm; […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; also, the entire steering apparatus of a vessel."
],
"id": "en-helm-en-noun-XKCMwW1Y",
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"tiller",
"tiller#Noun"
],
[
"large",
"large#Adjective"
],
[
"ship",
"ship#Noun"
],
[
"wheel",
"wheel#Noun"
],
[
"used",
"use#Verb"
],
[
"control",
"control#Verb"
],
[
"rudder",
"rudder#Noun"
],
[
"marine",
"marine#Adjective"
],
[
"vessel",
"vessel#Noun"
],
[
"entire",
"entire#Adjective"
],
[
"steering",
"steering#Noun"
],
[
"apparatus",
"apparatus"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) The tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; also, the entire steering apparatus of a vessel."
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "daffa",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "دَفَّة"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "ġek",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"word": "ղեկ"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "timón"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "šturvál",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "штурва́л"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "styrnó",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "стырно́"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kormílo",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "корми́ло"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "šturvál",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "щурва́л"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "timó"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "duò",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"word": "舵"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"word": "舵輪"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "duòlún",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"word": "舵轮"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "kormidlo"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ror"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "helmstok"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"word": "ruori"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "barre"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "temón"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "leme"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Ruder"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Steuer"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Steuerruder"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Steuerung"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "pidálio",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "πηδάλιο"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "pēdálion",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "πηδάλιον"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "galgal hege",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "גַּלְגַל הֶגֶה"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "hegeh",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "הֶגֶה"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "yadit hege",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "יָדִית הֶגֶה"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"word": "kormány"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "halmadóir"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "timone"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"alt": "だりん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "darin",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"word": "舵輪"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"alt": "かじ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kaji",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"word": "舵"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ki",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"word": "키"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"alt": "舵",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ta",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"word": "타"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"alt": "舵輪",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "taryun",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"word": "타륜"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "gubernāculum"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kormilo",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "кормило"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "cukkāṉ",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"word": "ചുക്കാൻ"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ror"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ror"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Scheppstia"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ster"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "timão"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cârmă"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "timonă"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kormílo",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"dated",
"neuter",
"poetic"
],
"word": "корми́ло"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "šturvál",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "штурва́л"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "failm"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falmadair"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "stiùir"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"neuter"
],
"word": "ко̀рмило"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"neuter"
],
"word": "kòrmilo"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "kormidlo"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "krma"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "krmilo"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "timón"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "roder"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"word": "dümen"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kermó",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "кермо́"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kormýlo",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "корми́ло"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "sternó",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "стерно́"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 22 1 5",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "šturvál",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "штурва́л"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "en:Nautical",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The use of a helm (sense 1); also, the amount of space through which a helm is turned."
],
"id": "en-helm-en-noun-7Yjtzvc5",
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"use",
"use#Noun"
],
[
"amount",
"amount#Noun"
],
[
"space",
"space#Noun"
],
[
"turned",
"turn#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(nautical) The use of a helm (sense 1); also, the amount of space through which a helm is turned."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "9 78 2 7 0 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "use of a helm; amount of space through which a helm is turned",
"word": "ruorin käyttö"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "en:Nautical",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "14 3 11 1 1 15 0 6 12 4 1 2 11 6 6 4 2 1 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Occupations",
"orig": "en:Occupations",
"parents": [
"People",
"Work",
"Human",
"Human activity",
"All topics",
"Human behaviour",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The member of a vessel's crew in charge of steering the vessel; a helmsman or helmswoman."
],
"id": "en-helm-en-noun-4L1to-PJ",
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"member",
"member#Noun"
],
[
"crew",
"crew#Noun"
],
[
"in charge",
"in charge"
],
[
"steering",
"steer#Verb"
],
[
"helmsman",
"helmsman"
],
[
"helmswoman",
"helmswoman"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(nautical) The member of a vessel's crew in charge of steering the vessel; a helmsman or helmswoman."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "helmsperson"
}
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "21 8 54 9 1 8",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "ruljavý",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рулявы́"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 8 54 9 1 8",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "štúrman",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шту́рман"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 8 54 9 1 8",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "styrnavý",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "стырнавы́"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 8 54 9 1 8",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kormčíja",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кормчи́я"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 8 54 9 1 8",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "rulevi",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рулеви"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 8 54 9 1 8",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "štúrman",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "щу́рман"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 8 54 9 1 8",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "to⁴ sau²",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"word": "舵手"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 8 54 9 1 8",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "duòshǒu",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"word": "舵手"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 8 54 9 1 8",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "styrmand"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 8 54 9 1 8",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "roerganger"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 8 54 9 1 8",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stuurman"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 8 54 9 1 8",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"word": "ruorimies"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 8 54 9 1 8",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "barreur"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 8 54 9 1 8",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "barreuse"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 8 54 9 1 8",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "timonier"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 8 54 9 1 8",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Steuermann"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 8 54 9 1 8",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Steuerfrau"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 8 54 9 1 8",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "timoniere"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 8 54 9 1 8",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "şturman",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"word": "штурман"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 8 54 9 1 8",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kormilar",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кормилар"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 8 54 9 1 8",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "styrmann"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 8 54 9 1 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kórmčij",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ко́рмчий"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 8 54 9 1 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kórmčaja",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"dated",
"feminine",
"ironic"
],
"word": "ко́рмчая"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 8 54 9 1 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "navigátor",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "навига́тор"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 8 54 9 1 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rulevój",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рулево́й"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 8 54 9 1 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "štúrman",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шту́рман"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 8 54 9 1 8",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "кормѝла̄р"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 8 54 9 1 8",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kormìlār"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 8 54 9 1 8",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "timonel"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 8 54 9 1 8",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "rorsman"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 8 54 9 1 8",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kermányč",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "керма́нич"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 8 54 9 1 8",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kermovýj",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кермови́й"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 8 54 9 1 8",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rulʹovýj",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рульови́й"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 8 54 9 1 8",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "sternovýj",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "стернови́й"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 8 54 9 1 8",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "štúrman",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шту́рман"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1614–1615, Homer, “The Fifth Book of Homer’s Odysseys”, in Geo[rge] Chapman, transl., Homer’s Odysses. […], London: […] Rich[ard] Field [and William Jaggard], for Nathaniell Butter, published 1615, →OCLC; republished in The Odysseys of Homer, […], volume I, London: John Russell Smith, […], 1857, →OCLC, page 120, lines 311–313:",
"text": "A great axe first she gave, that two ways cut, / In which a fair well-polish'd helm was put, / That from an olive bough receiv'd his frame.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Something used to control or steer; also (obsolete), a handle of a tool or weapon; a haft, a helve."
],
"id": "en-helm-en-noun-ryqdqO3t",
"links": [
[
"control",
"control#Verb"
],
[
"handle",
"handle#Noun"
],
[
"tool",
"tool#Noun"
],
[
"weapon",
"weapon#Noun"
],
[
"haft",
"haft#Noun"
],
[
"helve",
"helve#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"Something used to control or steer; also (obsolete), a handle of a tool or weapon; a haft, a helve."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "28 2 2 64 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "something used to control or steer",
"word": "ohjain"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 2 2 64 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "something used to control or steer",
"word": "ratti"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 2 2 64 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "something used to control or steer",
"word": "ruori"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "the helm of the Commonwealth",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1629 January 11 (Gregorian calendar), James Howell, “XXXIII. To the Right Honourable Sir Peter Wichts, Ambassador at Constantinople.”, in Epistolæ Ho-Elianæ. Familiar Letters Domestic and Forren. […], 3rd edition, volume I, London: […] Humphrey Mos[e]ley, […], published 1655, →OCLC, section V, page 211:",
"text": "Biſhop [William] Laud of London is alſo povverful in his VVay, for he ſits at the Helm of the Church, and doth more than any of the tvvo Archbiſhops, or all the reſt of his tvvo and tvventy Brethren beſides.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2011 January 11, Jonathan Stevenson, “West Ham 2 – 1 Birmingham”, in BBC Sport, archived from the original on 2021-04-17:",
"text": "[Avram] Grant will be desperate to finish the job of getting West Ham to their first Wembley cup final in 30 years when they meet Birmingham in the second leg at St Andrews on 26 January; though arguably of more pressing concern is whether he will still be at the helm for Saturday's Premier League encounter with Arsenal.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2023 November 25, Richard Waters, John Thornhill, “Tech's philosophical rift over AI”, in FT Weekend, Big Read, page 6:",
"text": "But although Altman is now back at the helm, OpenAI's new board has yet to offer a public explanation of what exactly went wrong, or set out what changes it will make to ensure the company is not derailed from its core mission of making computer intelligence safe for humanity. The world is waiting.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A position of control or leadership."
],
"id": "en-helm-en-noun-1XXO0DoR",
"links": [
[
"position",
"position#Noun"
],
[
"control",
"control#Noun"
],
[
"leadership",
"leadership"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"A position of control or leadership."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 0 1 4 88 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "upravlénie",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "управле́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 1 4 88 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vlast",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "власт"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 1 4 88 6",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ror"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 1 4 88 6",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "roer"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 1 4 88 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"word": "kippari"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 1 4 88 6",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "temón"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 1 4 88 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"word": "al comando"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 1 4 88 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"word": "alla guida"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 1 4 88 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"word": "al timone"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 1 4 88 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "condottiero"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 1 4 88 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "duce"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 1 4 88 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"word": "timoniere"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 1 4 88 6",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kormilo",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "кормило"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 1 4 88 6",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "vlast",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "власт"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 1 4 88 6",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "cukkāṉ",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"word": "ചുക്കാൻ"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 1 4 88 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kormílo",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "корми́ло"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 1 4 88 6",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "stiùir"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 1 4 88 6",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "roder"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 3 11 1 1 15 0 6 12 4 1 2 11 6 6 4 2 1 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Occupations",
"orig": "en:Occupations",
"parents": [
"People",
"Work",
"Human",
"Human activity",
"All topics",
"Human behaviour",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1608–1609 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Coriolanus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i], page 1, column 2:",
"text": "[Y]ou ſlander / The Helmes o'th State: vvho care for you like Fathers, / VVhen you curſe them, as Enemies.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One in the position of controlling or directing; a controller, a director, a guide."
],
"id": "en-helm-en-noun-NDBjSqsj",
"links": [
[
"directing",
"direct#Verb"
],
[
"controller",
"controller"
],
[
"director",
"director"
],
[
"guide",
"guide#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"One in the position of controlling or directing; a controller, a director, a guide."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "hĕlm",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hɛlm/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-helm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/En-us-helm.ogg/En-us-helm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/En-us-helm.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛlm"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "helmer"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel-",
"4": "*ḱelh₂-",
"id1": "cover"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle English helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "helma",
"t": "helm, tiller"
},
"expansion": "Old English helma (“helm, tiller”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helmô",
"t": "handle; helm, tiller"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helmô (“handle; helm, tiller”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel-",
"t": "to cover"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ḱélh₂-m(on)-",
"4": "reed, hollow stalk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱélh₂-m(on)- (“reed, hollow stalk”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Holm",
"t": "beam"
},
"expansion": "German Holm (“beam”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hjálm"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hjálm",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The noun is derived from Middle English helm, helme (“tiller of a ship”), from Old English helma (“helm, tiller”), from Proto-Germanic *helmô (“handle; helm, tiller”), either from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover”) or from the same source as haulm and helm (“bentgrass, straw”) (see below), Proto-Indo-European *ḱélh₂-m(on)- (“reed, hollow stalk”), one form of which then developed a specialized meaning “handle” in Germanic.\nThe verb is derived from the noun.\ncognates\n* German Holm (“beam”)\n* Old Norse hjálm",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helms",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "helming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "helmed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "helmed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "en-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "helm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "helm (third-person singular simple present helms, present participle helming, simple past and past participle helmed)",
"name": "en-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "transitive"
},
"expansion": "(transitive)",
"name": "term-label"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"old": "1"
},
"name": "en-conj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "en:Nautical",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1859, Alfred Tennyson, “Elaine”, in Idylls of the King, London: Edward Moxon & Co., […], →OCLC, page 172:",
"text": "[A] wild wave in the wild North-sea, / […] overbears the bark, / And him that helms it, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1890, H[enry] Rider Haggard, Andrew Lang, “The Blood-red Sea”, in The World’s Desire, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., →OCLC, book I, page 41:",
"text": "For this light he steered, and soon he saw two tall pillars of flame blazing beside each other, with a narrow space of night between them. He helmed the ship towards these, and when he came near them they were like two mighty mountains of wood burning far into heaven, […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To control the helm (noun sense 1) of (a marine vessel); to be in charge of steering (a vessel)."
],
"id": "en-helm-en-verb-s6Sra9lk",
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"control",
"control#Verb"
],
[
"helm",
"helm#Noun"
],
[
"marine",
"marine#Adjective"
],
[
"vessel",
"vessel#Noun"
],
[
"in charge",
"in charge"
],
[
"steering",
"steer#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) To control the helm (noun sense 1) of (a marine vessel); to be in charge of steering (a vessel)."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to control the helm of (a marine vessel); to be in charge of steering (a vessel)",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "kormidlovat"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to control the helm of (a marine vessel); to be in charge of steering (a vessel)",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "řídit"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to control the helm of (a marine vessel); to be in charge of steering (a vessel)",
"word": "olla ruorissa"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1601 (date written), Iohn Marston [i.e., John Marston], What You Will, London: […] G[eorge] Eld, for Thomas Thorppe, published 1607, →OCLC, Act II, signature C3, verso:",
"text": "Ile ſtriue to be nor great nor ſmale, / To liue nor die, fate helmeth all, / VVhen I can breath no longer, then, / Heauen take all, there put Amen.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Measure for Measure”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], page 73, column 2:",
"text": "The very ſtreame of his life, and the buſineſſe he hath helmed, muſt vppon a vvarranted neede, giue him a better proclamation.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1884, Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Becket, London: Macmillan and Co., →OCLC, Act I, scene iii, page 66:",
"text": "But we hold / Thou art forsworn; and no forsworn Archbishop / Shall helm the Church.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2014 December 1, Malcolm Jack, “John Grant with the Royal Northern Sinfonia review – positively spine-tingling”, in Alan Rusbridger, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-07-31:",
"text": "\"I wanted to change the world, but I could not even change my underwear,\" sings John Grant at the piano, in a luxuriant baritone croon as thick and healthy as his beard. It’s hard to reconcile the guy who once struggled to so much as put on clean pants back in the bad old days – well-storied, not least through his own songs – with the one warmly and gracefully helming this complex, prestigious production – the penultimate date on a tour of packed concert halls, backed by an orchestra.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2021 January 20, Jill Colvin, “Trump bids farewell to Washington, hints of comeback”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2022-10-07:",
"text": "But [Donald] Trump retains his iron grip on the Republican base, with the support of millions of loyal voters and allies still helming the Republican National Committee and many state party organizations.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2021 July 26, Lauren Sarner, “Kevin Smith on ‘Masters of the Universe’ and fan backlash”, in New York Post:",
"text": "When Mattel initially approached Smith about helming this show, he was surprised.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2023 August 23, Ellie Johnson, “Top prizes on offer at raffle for Railway Benefit Fund”, in RAIL, number 990, page 11:",
"text": "Helmed by chef Anton Mosimann, this is one of the most prestigious dining clubs in the world.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To direct or lead (a project, etc.); to manage (an organization)."
],
"id": "en-helm-en-verb-~-5L2TAT",
"links": [
[
"direct",
"direct#Verb"
],
[
"lead",
"lead#Verb"
],
[
"project",
"project#Noun"
],
[
"manage",
"manage#Verb"
],
[
"organization",
"organization"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) To direct or lead (a project, etc.); to manage (an organization)."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "hĕlm",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hɛlm/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-helm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/En-us-helm.ogg/En-us-helm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/En-us-helm.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛlm"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "behelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "helmed"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel-",
"id": "cover"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "helm",
"t": "helmet; crown of thorns of Jesus; warrior; inn or shop sign"
},
"expansion": "Middle English helm (“helmet; crown of thorns of Jesus; warrior; inn or shop sign”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "elm, hælm, halm, healm, helme",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "helm",
"t": "helmet"
},
"expansion": "Old English helm (“helmet”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*helm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helmaz",
"t": "protective covering"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helmaz (“protective covering”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ḱelmos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱelmos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "heaume"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of heaume",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃 (hilms)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old High German helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Helm"
},
"expansion": "German Helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "elmo"
},
"expansion": "Italian elmo",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "helme"
},
"expansion": "Old French helme",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "heaume"
},
"expansion": "French heaume",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "yelmo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish yelmo",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hjalmr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hjalmr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "hjelm"
},
"expansion": "Danish hjelm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "hjelm"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian hjelm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "hjelm"
},
"expansion": "Swedish hjelm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Helm"
},
"expansion": "Low German Helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Dutch helm",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English helm (“helmet; crown of thorns of Jesus; warrior; inn or shop sign”) [and other forms], from Old English helm (“helmet”), from Proto-West Germanic *helm, from Proto-Germanic *helmaz (“protective covering”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *ḱelmos, from the root *ḱel- (“to cover”). Doublet of heaume and related to helmet.\ncognates\n* Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃 (hilms)\n* Old Frisian helm (West Frisian helm)\n* Old High German helm (Middle High German helm, modern German Helm; Italian elmo; Old French helme, modern French heaume; Spanish yelmo)\n* Old Norse hjalmr (Danish hjelm, Norwegian hjelm, Swedish hjelm)\n* Old Saxon helm (Low German Helm, Middle Dutch helm, modern Dutch helm)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "helm (plural helms)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act I, scene ii:",
"text": "Their plumed helmes are wrought with beaten golde, / Their ſwords enameld, and about their neckes / Hangs maſſie chaines of golde downe to the waſte, / In euery part exceding braue and rich.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1667, John Milton, “Book VI”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 840–843:",
"text": "O're Shields and Helmes, and helmed heads he rode / Of Thrones and mighty Seraphim proſtrate, / That vviſh'd the Mountains novv might be again / Throvvn on them as a ſhelter from his ire.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1716, Homer, translated by Alexander Pope, “Book V”, in The Iliad of Homer, volume II, London: […] W[illiam] Bowyer, for Bernard Lintott […], →OCLC, page 59, lines 918–921:",
"text": "The maſſy golden Helm ſhe next aſſumes, / That dreadful nods vvith four o'erſhading Plumes; / So vaſt, the broad Circumference contains / A hundred Armies on a hundred Plains.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1870, William Morris, “November: The Lovers of Gudrun”, in The Earthly Paradise: A Poem, part III, London: F[rederick] S[tartridge] Ellis, […], →OCLC, page 480:",
"text": "From 'neath his gilded helm his golden hair / Fell waving down, but hidden were his eyes / By the wide brim: […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1914 January–May, Edgar Rice Burroughs, chapter VII, in The Outlaw of Torn, Chicago, Ill.: A[lexander] C[aldwell] McClurg, published 1927, →OCLC; republished as The Outlaw of Torn (Project Gutenberg; EBook #369), 11 November 2020:",
"text": "\"A fearful apparition,\" murmured Norman of Torn. \"No wonder he keeps his helm closed.\"",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A helmet."
],
"id": "en-helm-en-noun-6er69J6K",
"links": [
[
"helmet",
"helmet#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic or poetic) A helmet."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"poetic",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Heraldry",
"orig": "en:Heraldry",
"parents": [
"History",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "10 3 3 7 3 7 4 12 4 3 1 6 6 5 8 5 3 3 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Armor",
"orig": "en:Armor",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of helmet (“the feature above a shield on a coat of arms”)"
],
"id": "en-helm-en-noun-2YXiGmh-",
"links": [
[
"heraldry",
"heraldry"
],
[
"helmet",
"helmet#English"
],
[
"feature",
"feature#Noun"
],
[
"shield",
"shield#Noun"
],
[
"coat of arms",
"coat of arms"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(heraldry) Synonym of helmet (“the feature above a shield on a coat of arms”)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "the feature above a shield on a coat of arms",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "helmet"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"heraldry",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"monarchy",
"nobility",
"politics"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern England English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "13 5 6 2 0 8 1 6 19 6 2 5 11 3 9 1 1 1 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 5 5 4 1 7 2 5 18 5 1 4 10 2 8 2 2 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 1 1 0 1 6 4 2 1 4 8 3 4 2 1 5 0 3 13 4 1 3 7 1 5 1 1 1 3 1 4 1 2 1 1 0 2 1 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 1 1 0 1 6 4 1 1 3 8 3 4 1 1 5 0 3 14 4 1 3 7 1 5 1 1 1 2 0 4 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 6 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 7 4 1 8 1 8 13 5 4 3 8 4 9 3 2 2 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 3 11 1 1 15 0 6 12 4 1 2 11 6 6 4 2 1 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Occupations",
"orig": "en:Occupations",
"parents": [
"People",
"Work",
"Human",
"Human activity",
"All topics",
"Human behaviour",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A shelter for cattle or other farm animals; a hemmel, a shed."
],
"id": "en-helm-en-noun-en:shed",
"links": [
[
"shelter",
"shelter#Noun"
],
[
"cattle",
"cattle"
],
[
"farm animals",
"farm animals"
],
[
"hemmel",
"hemmel"
],
[
"shed",
"shed#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(Northern England) A shelter for cattle or other farm animals; a hemmel, a shed."
],
"senseid": [
"en:shed"
],
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"broadly",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern England English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1800 November (date written; published 1806), Samuel Taylor Coleridge, “[Sibylline Leaves.] A Stranger Minstrel. [Written to Mrs. [Mary] Robinson, a Few Weeks before Her Death.]”, in The Poetical and Dramatic Works of Samuel Taylor Coleridge […], volume II, London: Macmillan and Co., published 1880, →OCLC, page 159:",
"text": "Then ancient Skiddaw, stern and proud, / In sullen majesty replying, / Thus spake from out of his helm of cloud […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A heavy cloud lying on the brow of a mountain, especially one associated with a storm."
],
"id": "en-helm-en-noun-tJvNqVD-",
"links": [
[
"Cumberland",
"Cumberland"
],
[
"Westmorland",
"Westmorland"
],
[
"heavy",
"heavy#Adjective"
],
[
"cloud",
"cloud#Noun"
],
[
"lying",
"lie#Verb"
],
[
"brow",
"brow#Noun"
],
[
"mountain",
"mountain"
],
[
"associated",
"associate#Verb"
],
[
"storm",
"storm#Noun"
]
],
"qualifier": "Northern England (Cumberland, Westmorland)",
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(Northern England (Cumberland, Westmorland)) A heavy cloud lying on the brow of a mountain, especially one associated with a storm."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 5 3 90 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "heavy cloud lying on the brow of a mountain",
"word": "myrskypilvi"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The crown or top of something."
],
"id": "en-helm-en-noun-0EtP418N",
"links": [
[
"crown",
"crown#Noun"
],
[
"top",
"top#Noun"
]
],
"qualifier": "except British",
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(obsolete)",
"(except British, dialectal) The crown or top of something."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"dialectal",
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Alchemy",
"orig": "en:Alchemy",
"parents": [
"Forteana",
"Obsolete scientific theories",
"Pseudoscience",
"History of science",
"Sciences",
"History",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Chemistry",
"orig": "en:Chemistry",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1610 (first performance), Ben[jamin] Jonson, The Alchemist, London: […] Thomas Snodham, for Walter Burre, and are to be sold by Iohn Stepneth, […], published 1612, →OCLC; reprinted Menston, Yorkshire: The Scolar Press, 1970, →OCLC, Act II, scene i:",
"text": "The Dragons teeth, Mercurie ſublimate, / That keepes the vvhiteneſſe, hardneſſe and the biting; / And they are gather’d, into Iaſon’s helme, / (Th’Alembeke) and then ſovv’d in Mars his field, / And, thence, ſublim’d ſo often, till they are fix’d.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The upper part or cap of an alembic or retort."
],
"id": "en-helm-en-noun-CQQ7GapG",
"links": [
[
"alchemy",
"alchemy"
],
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
],
[
"upper",
"upper#Adjective"
],
[
"part",
"part#Noun"
],
[
"cap",
"cap#Noun"
],
[
"alembic",
"alembic"
],
[
"retort",
"retort#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(obsolete)",
"(alchemy, chemistry) The upper part or cap of an alembic or retort."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"obsolete",
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"alchemy",
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"pseudoscience"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "hĕlm",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hɛlm/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-helm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/En-us-helm.ogg/En-us-helm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/En-us-helm.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛlm"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "helmen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English helmen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "helmian",
"t": "to cover"
},
"expansion": "Old English helmian (“to cover”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "intensifying"
},
"expansion": "intensifying",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English helmen, helmi (“to provide with a helmet; (figuratively) to cover; to protect”), from Old English helmian (“to cover”), ġehelmian (“to cover with a helmet; to crown”), from (ġe- (prefix with an intensifying effect, or forming nouns or verbs denoting processes or results) +) helm (“helmet”) (see further at etymology 2) + -ian (suffix forming verbs from adjectives and nouns).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helms",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "helming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "helmed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "helmed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "helm (third-person singular simple present helms, present participle helming, simple past and past participle helmed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1684 – 1691 (date written), [John] Dryden, King Arthur: Or, the British Worthy. A Dramatick Opera. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], published 1691, →OCLC, Act I, page 3:",
"text": "Oh Noble Conon, / You taught my tender Hands the Trade of VVar; / And novv again you Helm your hoary Head, / And under double vveight of Age and Arms, / Aſſert your Countries Freedom, and my Crovvn.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1796, Robert Southey, “Book the Seventh”, in Joan of Arc, an Epic Poem, Bristol: […] Bulgin and Rosser, for Joseph Cottle, […], and Cadell and Davies, and G. G. and J. Robinson, […], →OCLC, page 245, lines 479–480:",
"text": "Then from the bank / He sprung, and helm'd his head.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cover (a head) with a helmet; to provide (someone) with a helmet; to helmet."
],
"id": "en-helm-en-verb-HfUCSSB9",
"links": [
[
"cover",
"cover#Verb"
],
[
"head",
"head#Noun"
],
[
"helmet",
"helmet#Noun"
],
[
"provide",
"provide"
],
[
"helmet",
"helmet#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, archaic or poetic) To cover (a head) with a helmet; to provide (someone) with a helmet; to helmet."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "behelm"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"poetic",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cover (a head) with a helmet; to provide (someone) with a helmet — see also helmet",
"word": "suojata kypärällä"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "hĕlm",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hɛlm/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-helm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/En-us-helm.ogg/En-us-helm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/En-us-helm.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛlm"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱelh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "3"
},
"expansion": "³",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "etymon"
},
"expansion": "etymon",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "halm"
},
"expansion": "Middle English halm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "healm",
"t": "straw, stubble; stalk (?); handle of a tool or weapon"
},
"expansion": "Middle English healm (“straw, stubble; stalk (?); handle of a tool or weapon”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "holm",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "healm",
"t": "stalk of a grass or plant; hay, straw, stubble"
},
"expansion": "Old English healm (“stalk of a grass or plant; hay, straw, stubble”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helmaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helmaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*helm",
"id": "stalk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱelh₂-",
"t": "to prick, stab, stick"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱelh₂- (“to prick, stab, stick”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "3"
},
"expansion": "³",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "helm",
"t": "haulm"
},
"expansion": "Dutch helm (“haulm”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "qualifier"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "helm",
"t": "haulm"
},
"expansion": "Low German helm (“haulm”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Heligoland"
},
"expansion": "(Heligoland)",
"name": "qualifier"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Holstein"
},
"expansion": "(Holstein)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The noun is possibly:\n* a variant of haulm; or\n* from its etymon Middle English halm, helm, Early Middle English healm (“straw, stubble; stalk (?); handle of a tool or weapon”) [and other forms], from Old English healm (“stalk of a grass or plant; hay, straw, stubble”) or an unattested variant *helm, from Proto-Germanic *helmaz (see Proto-West Germanic *helm) or *halmaz (“stalk of a grass or plant; hay, straw”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱelh₂- (“to prick, stab, stick”).\nThe verb is either derived from the noun, or is possibly a variant of yelm.\ncognates\n* Dutch helm (“haulm”); helm, hellem, hellim (“straw”) (dialectal)\n* Low German helm (“haulm”) (hallem (Heligoland), halm (Holstein))",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~",
"id": "stalk"
},
"expansion": "helm (countable and uncountable, plural helms)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 3 11 1 1 15 0 6 12 4 1 2 11 6 6 4 2 1 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Occupations",
"orig": "en:Occupations",
"parents": [
"People",
"Work",
"Human",
"Human activity",
"All topics",
"Human behaviour",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A stalk of corn, or (uncountable) stalks of corn collectively (that is, straw), especially when bundled together or laid out straight to be used for thatching roofs."
],
"id": "en-helm-en-noun-~NsGGyrI",
"links": [
[
"stalk",
"stalk#Noun"
],
[
"corn",
"corn#Noun"
],
[
"collectively",
"collectively"
],
[
"straw",
"straw#Noun"
],
[
"bundled",
"bundle#Verb"
],
[
"laid out",
"lay out"
],
[
"straight",
"straight#Adjective"
],
[
"used",
"use#Verb"
],
[
"thatching",
"thatch#Verb"
],
[
"roofs",
"roof#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) A stalk of corn, or (uncountable) stalks of corn collectively (that is, straw), especially when bundled together or laid out straight to be used for thatching roofs."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "bundle of straw for thatching",
"word": "thatch"
},
{
"word": "yelm"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "the stems of various cultivated plants, left after harvesting the crop, which are used as animal food or litter, or for thatching",
"word": "haulm"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1583, John Foxe, “Notes Omitted of Them that Were Burnt at Bristol”, in Stephen Reed Cattley, editor, The Acts and Monuments of John Foxe: […], new edition, volume VIII, London: R. B. Seeley and W. Burnside; and sold by L. & G. Seeley, […], published 1839, →OCLC, page 737:",
"text": "The sheriff, John Griffith, had prepared green wood to burn him; but one master John Pikes, pitying the man, caused divers to go with him to Ridland, half a mile off, who brought good store of helme-sheaves, which indeed made good dispatch with little pain, in comparison to that he should have suffered with the green wood.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of haulm (“the stems of various cultivated plants, left after harvesting the crop, which are used as animal food or litter, or for thatching”)"
],
"id": "en-helm-en-noun-rnAoiQj6",
"links": [
[
"haulm",
"haulm#English"
],
[
"stems",
"stem#Noun"
],
[
"cultivated",
"cultivated#Adjective"
],
[
"plants",
"plant#Noun"
],
[
"left",
"leave#Verb"
],
[
"harvesting",
"harvest#Verb"
],
[
"crop",
"crop#Noun"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"food",
"food"
],
[
"litter",
"litter#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) Alternative form of haulm (“the stems of various cultivated plants, left after harvesting the crop, which are used as animal food or litter, or for thatching”)"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"transitive",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 3 4 3 1 6 2 5 10 4 1 4 7 10 18 2 1 2 8",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Poeae tribe grasses",
"orig": "en:Poeae tribe grasses",
"parents": [
"Grasses",
"Commelinids",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1640, John Parkinson, “Spartum herba sive Inncus. Matt Weed or Mat Rushes.”, in Theatrum Botanicum: The Theater of Plants. Or, An Herball of a Large Extent: […], London: […] Tho[mas] Cotes, →OCLC, page 1200:",
"text": "The Italians, and Spaniards, call it Sparto, and the ſecond ſort Albardi, The Dutch Halm. And vve in Engliſh, Helme, and Matvveede, but the people all along the Coaſts of Norfolke and Suffolke, call it Marram, and may be called Sea Ruſhes as vvell.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of bentgrass (“any of numerous reedy grass species of the genus Agrostis”)"
],
"id": "en-helm-en-noun-6XmiSNMU",
"links": [
[
"bentgrass",
"bentgrass#English"
],
[
"numerous",
"numerous"
],
[
"reedy",
"reedy"
],
[
"grass",
"grass#Noun"
],
[
"species",
"species"
],
[
"genus",
"genus"
],
[
"Agrostis",
"Agrostis#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, obsolete) Synonym of bentgrass (“any of numerous reedy grass species of the genus Agrostis”)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "any of numerous reedy grass species of the genus Agrostis",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "bentgrass"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "hĕlm",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hɛlm/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-helm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/En-us-helm.ogg/En-us-helm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/En-us-helm.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛlm"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱelh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "3"
},
"expansion": "³",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "etymon"
},
"expansion": "etymon",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "halm"
},
"expansion": "Middle English halm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "healm",
"t": "straw, stubble; stalk (?); handle of a tool or weapon"
},
"expansion": "Middle English healm (“straw, stubble; stalk (?); handle of a tool or weapon”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "holm",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "healm",
"t": "stalk of a grass or plant; hay, straw, stubble"
},
"expansion": "Old English healm (“stalk of a grass or plant; hay, straw, stubble”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helmaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helmaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*helm",
"id": "stalk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱelh₂-",
"t": "to prick, stab, stick"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱelh₂- (“to prick, stab, stick”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "3"
},
"expansion": "³",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "helm",
"t": "haulm"
},
"expansion": "Dutch helm (“haulm”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "qualifier"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "helm",
"t": "haulm"
},
"expansion": "Low German helm (“haulm”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Heligoland"
},
"expansion": "(Heligoland)",
"name": "qualifier"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Holstein"
},
"expansion": "(Holstein)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The noun is possibly:\n* a variant of haulm; or\n* from its etymon Middle English halm, helm, Early Middle English healm (“straw, stubble; stalk (?); handle of a tool or weapon”) [and other forms], from Old English healm (“stalk of a grass or plant; hay, straw, stubble”) or an unattested variant *helm, from Proto-Germanic *helmaz (see Proto-West Germanic *helm) or *halmaz (“stalk of a grass or plant; hay, straw”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱelh₂- (“to prick, stab, stick”).\nThe verb is either derived from the noun, or is possibly a variant of yelm.\ncognates\n* Dutch helm (“haulm”); helm, hellem, hellim (“straw”) (dialectal)\n* Low German helm (“haulm”) (hallem (Heligoland), halm (Holstein))",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helms",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "helming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "helmed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "helmed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "helm (third-person singular simple present helms, present participle helming, simple past and past participle helmed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To lay out (stalks of corn, or straw) straight to be used for thatching roofs; to yelm."
],
"id": "en-helm-en-verb-glPZn-mx",
"links": [
[
"lay out",
"lay out"
],
[
"stalks",
"stalk#Noun"
],
[
"corn",
"corn#Noun"
],
[
"straw",
"straw#Noun"
],
[
"straight",
"straight#Adjective"
],
[
"used",
"use#Verb"
],
[
"thatching",
"thatch#Verb"
],
[
"roofs",
"roof#Noun"
],
[
"yelm",
"yelm#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To lay out (stalks of corn, or straw) straight to be used for thatching roofs; to yelm."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to lay out (stalks of corn, or straw) straight to be used for thatching roofs — see also yelm",
"word": "levittää"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "hĕlm",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hɛlm/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-helm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/En-us-helm.ogg/En-us-helm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/En-us-helm.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛlm"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "nl",
"3": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Dutch helm",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch helm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "helms",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f2accel-form": "p",
"f2request": "1",
"f5accel-form": "diminutive",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "helm (plural helms)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "s"
},
"expansion": "helm (plural helms)",
"name": "af-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Afrikaans entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "af",
"name": "Headwear",
"orig": "af:Headwear",
"parents": [
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"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
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],
"id": "en-helm-af-noun-EVWEhgzV",
"links": [
[
"helmet",
"helmet"
]
]
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "scalmo",
"t": "plague"
},
"expansion": "Old High German scalmo (“plague”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Schelm"
},
"expansion": "German Schelm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χάλιμα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek χάλιμα (khálima)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "आल",
"t": "poison"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit आल (āla, “poison”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "σκάλμη",
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},
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"name": "cog"
},
{
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},
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "poison"
},
"expansion": "“poison”",
"name": "m-g"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain, possibly a formation in -më. Several hypotheses have been proposed:\n# Akin to Old High German scalmo (“plague”) (German Schelm).\n# Connection with Ancient Greek χάλιμα (khálima) can only be justified as a borrowing from it.\n# Akin to Sanskrit आल (āla, “poison”).\n# Akin to Ancient Greek σκάλμη (skálmē, “Thracian knife”).\nPossibly akin to halbë (“scab, scale on the skin”), halë (“bone”), hell (“skewer, pike”), dialectal helmë (“ax edge”). These would make the original sense “(poisoned) weapon”, only later becoming “poison”.",
"forms": [
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"form": "helme",
"tags": [
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]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "noun",
"cat2": "masculine nouns",
"g": "m",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "helm m",
"name": "head"
},
{
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"2": "helme"
},
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],
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"pos": "noun",
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{
"glosses": [
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],
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"links": [
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],
[
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],
"synonyms": [
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"word": "zeher"
}
],
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"glosses": [
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],
"id": "en-helm-sq-noun-S3mITugq",
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
]
],
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"glosses": [
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],
"id": "en-helm-sq-noun-HH287ra~",
"links": [
[
"sorrow",
"sorrow"
],
[
"grief",
"grief"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hidhërim"
},
{
"word": "pikëllim"
},
{
"word": "hall"
},
{
"word": "nevojë"
}
],
"tags": [
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]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Wilhelm Streitberg"
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"derived": [
{
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"word": "helmarinë"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "helme"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "helmëz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "helmoj"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "helmos"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "helmzë"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "i helmës"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "i helmët"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "i helmshëm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "i helmtë"
}
],
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},
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},
{
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},
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},
{
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},
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "poison"
},
"expansion": "“poison”",
"name": "m-g"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain, possibly a formation in -më. Several hypotheses have been proposed:\n# Akin to Old High German scalmo (“plague”) (German Schelm).\n# Connection with Ancient Greek χάλιμα (khálima) can only be justified as a borrowing from it.\n# Akin to Sanskrit आल (āla, “poison”).\n# Akin to Ancient Greek σκάλμη (skálmē, “Thracian knife”).\nPossibly akin to halbë (“scab, scale on the skin”), halë (“bone”), hell (“skewer, pike”), dialectal helmë (“ax edge”). These would make the original sense “(poisoned) weapon”, only later becoming “poison”.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helme",
"tags": [
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]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "adjective",
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"4": "helme",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{mp}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{fp}}}",
"head": ""
},
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},
{
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}
],
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
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],
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]
],
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}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 40 22 6 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Albanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"very sad, sorrowful, grievous"
],
"id": "en-helm-sq-adj-RaEtUrGW",
"links": [
[
"sad",
"sad"
],
[
"sorrowful",
"sorrowful"
],
[
"grievous",
"grievous"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "i hidhëruar"
},
{
"word": "i pikëlluar"
}
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Wilhelm Streitberg"
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "blauwhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bouwhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fietshelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gevechtshelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "helmdoek"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "helmkaketoe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "helmkroon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "helmparelhoen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "helmteken"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "integraalhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "krijgshelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "mijnhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "mijnwerkershelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "motorhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "oorlogshelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pothelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "racehelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ridderhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ruiterhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "soldatenhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "staalhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "strijdhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "toernooihelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "valhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "wapenhelm"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: helm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pap",
"2": "hèlmu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Papiamentu: hèlmu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Papiamentu: hèlmu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vic",
"2": "helum",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Virgin Islands Creole: helum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Virgin Islands Creole: helum"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*helm"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*helm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helmaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helmaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Helm"
},
"expansion": "Low German Helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Helm"
},
"expansion": "German Helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "hjelm"
},
"expansion": "Danish hjelm",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch helm, from Old Dutch *helm, from Proto-West Germanic *helm, from Proto-Germanic *helmaz. Compare West Frisian helm, Low German Helm, German Helm, Danish hjelm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helmen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmpje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-en",
"3": "+"
},
"expansion": "helm m (plural helmen, diminutive helmpje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"helm"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 26 1 10 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "74 12 2 5 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Headwear",
"orig": "nl:Headwear",
"parents": [
"Clothing",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"helmet, protective headwear"
],
"id": "en-helm-nl-noun-V6ltd3gn",
"links": [
[
"helmet",
"helmet"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Heraldry",
"orig": "nl:Heraldry",
"parents": [
"History",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"helmet above a shield"
],
"id": "en-helm-nl-noun-Ck9MK51m",
"links": [
[
"heraldry",
"heraldry"
],
[
"helmet",
"helmet"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(heraldry) helmet above a shield"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"heraldry",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"monarchy",
"nobility",
"politics"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɦɛlm/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɦɛɫm]"
},
{
"ipa": "[hɛɫm]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɦɛ.ləm]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈhɛ.ləm]"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-helm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/Nl-helm.ogg/Nl-helm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Nl-helm.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛlm"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*helm",
"id": "stalk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Low German helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "helm",
"id": "stalk",
"t": "bentgrass, straw"
},
"expansion": "English helm (“bentgrass, straw”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "haulm"
},
"expansion": "English haulm",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *helm; cognate with Low German helm, English helm (“bentgrass, straw”). Further related to halm (“haulm”); compare English haulm, halm.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-",
"3": "-",
"g2": "n"
},
"expansion": "helm f or n (uncountable)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"helm"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Poeae tribe grasses",
"orig": "nl:Poeae tribe grasses",
"parents": [
"Grasses",
"Commelinids",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "helmgras"
}
],
"glosses": [
"marram, European beachgrass, Ammophila arenaria"
],
"id": "en-helm-nl-noun-ENqU6En4",
"links": [
[
"marram",
"marram"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "helmgras"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"neuter",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɦɛlm/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɦɛɫm]"
},
{
"ipa": "[hɛɫm]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɦɛ.ləm]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈhɛ.ləm]"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-helm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/Nl-helm.ogg/Nl-helm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Nl-helm.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛlm"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "helmstok"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "*helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch *helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "English helm",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch *helm, attested in helmstoc. Akin to English helm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helmen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmpje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-en",
"3": "+"
},
"expansion": "helm m (plural helmen, diminutive helmpje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"helm"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a tiller on a vessel's rudder"
],
"id": "en-helm-nl-noun-DOboyOiH",
"links": [
[
"tiller",
"tiller"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the handle on a pounder to crush fibers in a paper mill"
],
"id": "en-helm-nl-noun-jCcHDkVP",
"links": [
[
"handle",
"handle"
],
[
"pounder",
"pounder"
],
[
"paper mill",
"paper mill"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɦɛlm/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɦɛɫm]"
},
{
"ipa": "[hɛɫm]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɦɛ.ləm]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈhɛ.ləm]"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-helm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/Nl-helm.ogg/Nl-helm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Nl-helm.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛlm"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "nl",
"3": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Dutch helm",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Dutch helm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hèlm",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "helm-helm",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmku",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "helmmu",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "helmnya",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "hèlm",
"pl": "duplication"
},
"expansion": "hèlm (plural helm-helm, first-person possessive helmku, second-person possessive helmmu, third-person possessive helmnya)",
"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"helmet (protective head covering)"
],
"id": "en-helm-id-noun-qfXvHgt5",
"links": [
[
"helmet",
"helmet"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "Standard Malay",
"word": "hélmét"
},
{
"word": "hèlêm"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈhɛləm]"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*hëlma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *hëlma",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "bat"
},
"expansion": "Baltic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "gem"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "helma"
},
"expansion": "Finnish helma",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *hëlma, borrowed either from Baltic or from Germanic. Cognates include Finnish helma.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "helm",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ludian",
"lang_code": "lud",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ludian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hem"
],
"id": "en-helm-lud-noun-1KD~zJkL",
"links": [
[
"hem",
"hem"
]
]
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "English: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: helm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Scots: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: helm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "helm",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Welsh: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Welsh: helm"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old English helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*helm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helmaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helmaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English helm, from Proto-West Germanic *helm, from Proto-Germanic *helmaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helmes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "helm",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl": "helmes",
"pl2": "helmen"
},
"expansion": "helm (plural helmes or helmen)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "helmen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "helmet"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 15 14 21 7 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Armor",
"orig": "enm:Armor",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 12 10 9 7 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Headwear",
"orig": "enm:Headwear",
"parents": [
"Clothing",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "They drew their long swords and put on their helms.",
"ref": "1275, Layamon’s Brut:",
"text": "Luken sweord longe, leiden o þe helmen.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "The helmet of salvation, and the sword of the Spirit.",
"roman": "Þe helm of hel and þe swerd of þe Spirit.",
"text": "1475, An Apology for Lollard Doctrines, Attributed to Wycliffe, quoting Ephesians 6:17",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A helmet; a piece of armoured headgear."
],
"id": "en-helm-enm-noun-PABxtrbt"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 37 6 19 17 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any kind of protection or safeguarding."
],
"id": "en-helm-enm-noun-8TMeodw3",
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) Any kind of protection or safeguarding."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A soldier; a fighting-man."
],
"id": "en-helm-enm-noun-TUfFKNWA",
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative, rare) A soldier; a fighting-man."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Bible",
"orig": "enm:Bible",
"parents": [
"Books",
"Christianity",
"Judaism",
"Literature",
"Mass media",
"Abrahamism",
"Culture",
"Entertainment",
"Writing",
"Media",
"Religion",
"Society",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The crown of thorns that Jesus wore."
],
"id": "en-helm-enm-noun-aiLrAzSt",
"links": [
[
"biblical",
"Bible"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, biblical) The crown of thorns that Jesus wore."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"topics": [
"biblical",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hɛlm/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "helme"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "hælm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "halm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "healm"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "helm",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "elm"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of elm"
],
"id": "en-helm-enm-noun-TJaAkGLv",
"links": [
[
"elm",
"elm#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "helm",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "helme"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of helme"
],
"id": "en-helm-enm-noun-DYlkvbVb",
"links": [
[
"helme",
"helme#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "helmet, shield",
"word": "bānhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "helmet with the image of a boar",
"word": "bārhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "to cover over",
"word": "behelmian"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "crown",
"word": "cynehelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "to crown",
"word": "cynehelmian"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "helmet (with visor)",
"word": "grīmhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "helmet",
"word": "gūþhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hæleþhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "helmet which makes the wearer invisible",
"word": "heoloþhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "loftily crested",
"word": "hēahhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "helmeted warrior",
"word": "helmberend"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "to cover, crown; provide with a helmet",
"word": "helmian"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "helmet, cover",
"word": "hilman"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "iron helmet",
"word": "īrenhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "leafy at the top",
"word": "lēafhelmig"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "leathern helmet",
"word": "leþerhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "air, mist, cloud.",
"word": "lyfthelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "covering of mist",
"word": "misthelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "shades of night.",
"word": "nihthelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "to overshadow",
"word": "oferhelmian"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "darkness",
"word": "sceaduhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "covering of water, sea",
"word": "sundhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "covering of ice",
"word": "wæterhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "crown of glory",
"word": "wuldorhelm"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: helm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "English: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: helm"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*helm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helmaz",
"4": "",
"5": "helmet"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helmaz (“helmet”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel-",
"4": "",
"5": "to cover, to hide"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, to hide”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old High German helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hjalmr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hjalmr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃 (hilms)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *helm, from Proto-Germanic *helmaz (“helmet”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, to hide”). Compare Old Frisian helm, Old Saxon helm, Old High German helm, Old Norse hjalmr, Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃 (hilms).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "helm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "helm m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "helm m",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "helm"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-a-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "helm",
"2": "helmas",
"3": "helm",
"4": "helmas",
"5": "helmes",
"6": "helma",
"7": "helme",
"8": "helmum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong a-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "helma"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 13 16 12 28",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ang",
"name": "Headwear",
"orig": "ang:Headwear",
"parents": [
"Clothing",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"helmet"
],
"id": "en-helm-ang-noun-EVWEhgzV",
"links": [
[
"helmet",
"helmet"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 34 13 19 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 13 16 12 28",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ang",
"name": "Headwear",
"orig": "ang:Headwear",
"parents": [
"Clothing",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"protection, defense"
],
"id": "en-helm-ang-noun-qt0ttfss",
"links": [
[
"protection",
"protection"
],
[
"defense",
"defense"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 34 13 19 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 13 16 12 28",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ang",
"name": "Headwear",
"orig": "ang:Headwear",
"parents": [
"Clothing",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"covering, crown"
],
"id": "en-helm-ang-noun-x9dC93Nd",
"links": [
[
"covering",
"covering"
],
[
"crown",
"crown"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 34 13 19 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 13 16 12 28",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ang",
"name": "Headwear",
"orig": "ang:Headwear",
"parents": [
"Clothing",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"summit, top (of trees)"
],
"id": "en-helm-ang-noun-60JThHHc",
"links": [
[
"summit",
"summit"
],
[
"top",
"top"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 34 13 19 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 13 16 12 28",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ang",
"name": "Headwear",
"orig": "ang:Headwear",
"parents": [
"Clothing",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"protector, lord"
],
"id": "en-helm-ang-noun-MQcbBUqA",
"links": [
[
"protector",
"protector"
],
[
"lord",
"lord"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/xelm/"
},
{
"ipa": "[heɫm]"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: helm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Helm"
},
"expansion": "German: Helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Helm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "hełm"
},
"expansion": "Polish: hełm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: hełm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Helm"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: Helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: Helm"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*helm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helmaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helmaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old English helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hjalmr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hjalmr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃 (hilms)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *helm, from Proto-Germanic *helmaz. Compare Old Saxon helm, Old English helm, Old Norse hjalmr, Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃 (hilms).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "helm m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "helm m",
"name": "goh-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old High German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "siguhelm"
}
],
"glosses": [
"helmet"
],
"id": "en-helm-goh-noun-EVWEhgzV",
"links": [
[
"helmet",
"helmet"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "enm",
"3": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle English helm",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English helm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helmau",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "helmau"
},
"expansion": "helm f (plural helmau, not mutable)",
"name": "cy-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "cy",
"name": "Headwear",
"orig": "cy:Headwear",
"parents": [
"Clothing",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"helmet"
],
"id": "en-helm-cy-noun-EVWEhgzV",
"links": [
[
"helmet",
"helmet"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "helmed"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"not-mutable"
]
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old English: helm\nMiddle English: helm\nEnglish: helm",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: helm\nMiddle English: helm\nEnglish: helm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: helm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Hälm"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Hälm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Hälm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: helm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: helm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: helm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Helm"
},
"expansion": "Low German: Helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: Helm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: helm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: helm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: helm"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: helm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: helm\nMiddle High German: helm\nGerman: Helm\nPolish: hełm\nLuxembourgish: Helm",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: helm\nMiddle High German: helm\nGerman: Helm\nPolish: hełm\nLuxembourgish: Helm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "helmus",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin: helmus",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "8th century, Reichenau Glossary"
},
"expansion": "[8th century, Reichenau Glossary]",
"name": "defdate"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin: helmus [8th century, Reichenau Glossary] (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*šelmъ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Slavic: *šelmъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Slavic: *šelmъ (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helmaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helmaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *helmaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "helm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*helm m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/helm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"word": "helmōn"
},
{
"word": "hilmijan"
}
],
"glosses": [
"helmet"
],
"id": "en-helm-gmw-pro-noun-gmw_pro:helmet",
"links": [
[
"helmet",
"helmet"
]
],
"senseid": [
"gmw-pro:helmet"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*helm"
},
"expansion": "Old English: *helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: *helm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: helm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "helm",
"id": "stalk",
"t": "stalk, haulm; bentgrass"
},
"expansion": "English: helm (“stalk, haulm; bentgrass”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: helm (“stalk, haulm; bentgrass”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*helm"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *helm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "*helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: *helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: *helm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: helm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "helm",
"t": "sedge; marram grass"
},
"expansion": "Low German: helm (“sedge; marram grass”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: helm (“sedge; marram grass”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "hjælme",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: hjælme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: hjælme"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hjálmur",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Icelandic: hjálmur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Icelandic: hjálmur"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helmaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helmaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kélmas",
"3": "",
"4": "tree trunk"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kélmas (“tree trunk”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "culmus"
},
"expansion": "Latin culmus",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*sòlma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *sòlma",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "sal̃ms"
},
"expansion": "Latvian sal̃ms",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *helmaz, related to *halmaz (“haulm, straw, hay; stalk”) (whence *halm). The ablaut points to an older athematic paradigm in Proto-Indo-European, according to Kroonen probably *ḱélh₂m̥ ~ *ḱl̥h₂mós; compare Lithuanian kélmas (“tree trunk”). The o-grade in *halmaz and cognates such as Latin culmus, Proto-Slavic *sòlma and Latvian sal̃ms may have come either from an accusative stem *ḱolh₂-m- or by analogy with the thematic suffix *-(ó)-mos. In any case ultimately from the root *ḱelh₂- (“to prick, stab; straw, reed”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "helm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*helm m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/helm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "halm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "? *helmō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "rudder, tiller; helm (of a boat)",
"word": "halmō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 71 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 56 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a reedy grass that dries as hollow stalks: bentgrass (genus Agrostis or Ammophila); sedge"
],
"id": "en-helm-gmw-pro-noun-gmw_pro:stalk",
"links": [
[
"reedy",
"reedy"
],
[
"grass",
"grass"
],
[
"bentgrass",
"bentgrass"
],
[
"Agrostis",
"Agrostis#Translingual"
],
[
"Ammophila",
"Ammophila#Translingual"
],
[
"sedge",
"sedge"
]
],
"senseid": [
"gmw-pro:stalk"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Synonym of *halm (“stalk, haulm, straw”)"
],
"id": "en-helm-gmw-pro-noun-vU-hhWvA",
"links": [
[
"*halm",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/halm"
],
[
"stalk",
"stalk"
],
[
"haulm",
"haulm"
],
[
"straw",
"straw"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "stalk, haulm, straw",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "halm"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "nl",
"3": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Dutch helm",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch helm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "helms",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f2accel-form": "p",
"f2request": "1",
"f5accel-form": "diminutive",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "helm (plural helms)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "s"
},
"expansion": "helm (plural helms)",
"name": "af-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Afrikaans entries with incorrect language header",
"Afrikaans lemmas",
"Afrikaans nouns",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Dutch",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"af:Headwear"
],
"glosses": [
"helmet"
],
"links": [
[
"helmet",
"helmet"
]
]
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"categories": [
"Albanian adjectives",
"Albanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Albanian lemmas",
"Albanian masculine nouns",
"Albanian nouns",
"Albanian terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "scalmo",
"t": "plague"
},
"expansion": "Old High German scalmo (“plague”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Schelm"
},
"expansion": "German Schelm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χάλιμα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek χάλιμα (khálima)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "आल",
"t": "poison"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit आल (āla, “poison”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σκάλμη",
"t": "Thracian knife"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek σκάλμη (skálmē, “Thracian knife”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "(poisoned) weapon"
},
"expansion": "“(poisoned) weapon”",
"name": "m-g"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "poison"
},
"expansion": "“poison”",
"name": "m-g"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain, possibly a formation in -më. Several hypotheses have been proposed:\n# Akin to Old High German scalmo (“plague”) (German Schelm).\n# Connection with Ancient Greek χάλιμα (khálima) can only be justified as a borrowing from it.\n# Akin to Sanskrit आल (āla, “poison”).\n# Akin to Ancient Greek σκάλμη (skálmē, “Thracian knife”).\nPossibly akin to halbë (“scab, scale on the skin”), halë (“bone”), hell (“skewer, pike”), dialectal helmë (“ax edge”). These would make the original sense “(poisoned) weapon”, only later becoming “poison”.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helme",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "masculine nouns",
"g": "m",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "helm m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "helme"
},
"expansion": "helm m (plural helme)",
"name": "sq-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"poison; venom"
],
"links": [
[
"poison",
"poison"
],
[
"venom",
"venom"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "zeher"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"something very bad"
],
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"great sorrow, grief"
],
"links": [
[
"sorrow",
"sorrow"
],
[
"grief",
"grief"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hidhërim"
},
{
"word": "pikëllim"
},
{
"word": "hall"
},
{
"word": "nevojë"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Wilhelm Streitberg"
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"categories": [
"Albanian adjectives",
"Albanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Albanian lemmas",
"Albanian masculine nouns",
"Albanian nouns",
"Albanian terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "helmarinë"
},
{
"word": "helmatis"
},
{
"word": "helmatoj"
},
{
"word": "helme"
},
{
"word": "helmëz"
},
{
"word": "helmlëshues"
},
{
"word": "helmoj"
},
{
"word": "helmos"
},
{
"word": "helmzë"
},
{
"word": "i helmës"
},
{
"word": "i helmët"
},
{
"word": "i helmshëm"
},
{
"word": "i helmtë"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "scalmo",
"t": "plague"
},
"expansion": "Old High German scalmo (“plague”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Schelm"
},
"expansion": "German Schelm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χάλιμα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek χάλιμα (khálima)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "आल",
"t": "poison"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit आल (āla, “poison”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σκάλμη",
"t": "Thracian knife"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek σκάλμη (skálmē, “Thracian knife”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "(poisoned) weapon"
},
"expansion": "“(poisoned) weapon”",
"name": "m-g"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "poison"
},
"expansion": "“poison”",
"name": "m-g"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain, possibly a formation in -më. Several hypotheses have been proposed:\n# Akin to Old High German scalmo (“plague”) (German Schelm).\n# Connection with Ancient Greek χάλιμα (khálima) can only be justified as a borrowing from it.\n# Akin to Sanskrit आल (āla, “poison”).\n# Akin to Ancient Greek σκάλμη (skálmē, “Thracian knife”).\nPossibly akin to halbë (“scab, scale on the skin”), halë (“bone”), hell (“skewer, pike”), dialectal helmë (“ax edge”). These would make the original sense “(poisoned) weapon”, only later becoming “poison”.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helme",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "feminine",
"4": "helme",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{mp}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{fp}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "helm (feminine helme)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "helm (feminine helme)",
"name": "sq-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"very bitter"
],
"links": [
[
"bitter",
"bitter"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "i hidhur"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"very sad, sorrowful, grievous"
],
"links": [
[
"sad",
"sad"
],
[
"sorrowful",
"sorrowful"
],
[
"grievous",
"grievous"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "i hidhëruar"
},
{
"word": "i pikëlluar"
}
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Wilhelm Streitberg"
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine nouns",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɛlm",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɛlm/1 syllable",
"nl:Headwear"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "blauwhelm"
},
{
"word": "bouwhelm"
},
{
"word": "fietshelm"
},
{
"word": "gevechtshelm"
},
{
"word": "helmdoek"
},
{
"word": "helmkaketoe"
},
{
"word": "helmkroon"
},
{
"word": "helmparelhoen"
},
{
"word": "helmteken"
},
{
"word": "integraalhelm"
},
{
"word": "krijgshelm"
},
{
"word": "mijnhelm"
},
{
"word": "mijnwerkershelm"
},
{
"word": "motorhelm"
},
{
"word": "oorlogshelm"
},
{
"word": "pothelm"
},
{
"word": "racehelm"
},
{
"word": "ridderhelm"
},
{
"word": "ruiterhelm"
},
{
"word": "soldatenhelm"
},
{
"word": "staalhelm"
},
{
"word": "strijdhelm"
},
{
"word": "toernooihelm"
},
{
"word": "valhelm"
},
{
"word": "wapenhelm"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: helm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pap",
"2": "hèlmu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Papiamentu: hèlmu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Papiamentu: hèlmu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vic",
"2": "helum",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Virgin Islands Creole: helum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Virgin Islands Creole: helum"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*helm"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*helm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helmaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helmaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Helm"
},
"expansion": "Low German Helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Helm"
},
"expansion": "German Helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "hjelm"
},
"expansion": "Danish hjelm",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch helm, from Old Dutch *helm, from Proto-West Germanic *helm, from Proto-Germanic *helmaz. Compare West Frisian helm, Low German Helm, German Helm, Danish hjelm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helmen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmpje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-en",
"3": "+"
},
"expansion": "helm m (plural helmen, diminutive helmpje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"helm"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"helmet, protective headwear"
],
"links": [
[
"helmet",
"helmet"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"nl:Heraldry"
],
"glosses": [
"helmet above a shield"
],
"links": [
[
"heraldry",
"heraldry"
],
[
"helmet",
"helmet"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(heraldry) helmet above a shield"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"heraldry",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"monarchy",
"nobility",
"politics"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɦɛlm/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɦɛɫm]"
},
{
"ipa": "[hɛɫm]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɦɛ.ləm]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈhɛ.ləm]"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-helm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/Nl-helm.ogg/Nl-helm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Nl-helm.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛlm"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch feminine nouns",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine nouns",
"Dutch neuter nouns",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with multiple genders",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɛlm",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɛlm/1 syllable",
"nl:Headwear"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "helmgras"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*helm",
"id": "stalk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Low German helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "helm",
"id": "stalk",
"t": "bentgrass, straw"
},
"expansion": "English helm (“bentgrass, straw”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "haulm"
},
"expansion": "English haulm",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *helm; cognate with Low German helm, English helm (“bentgrass, straw”). Further related to halm (“haulm”); compare English haulm, halm.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-",
"3": "-",
"g2": "n"
},
"expansion": "helm f or n (uncountable)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"helm"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
"nl:Poeae tribe grasses"
],
"glosses": [
"marram, European beachgrass, Ammophila arenaria"
],
"links": [
[
"marram",
"marram"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "helmgras"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"neuter",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɦɛlm/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɦɛɫm]"
},
{
"ipa": "[hɛɫm]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɦɛ.ləm]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈhɛ.ləm]"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-helm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/Nl-helm.ogg/Nl-helm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Nl-helm.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛlm"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine nouns",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɛlm",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɛlm/1 syllable",
"nl:Headwear"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "helmstok"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "*helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch *helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "English helm",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch *helm, attested in helmstoc. Akin to English helm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helmen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmpje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-en",
"3": "+"
},
"expansion": "helm m (plural helmen, diminutive helmpje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"helm"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a tiller on a vessel's rudder"
],
"links": [
[
"tiller",
"tiller"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the handle on a pounder to crush fibers in a paper mill"
],
"links": [
[
"handle",
"handle"
],
[
"pounder",
"pounder"
],
[
"paper mill",
"paper mill"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɦɛlm/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɦɛɫm]"
},
{
"ipa": "[hɛɫm]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɦɛ.ləm]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈhɛ.ləm]"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-helm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/Nl-helm.ogg/Nl-helm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Nl-helm.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛlm"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱel- (cover)",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱelh₂-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English transitive verbs",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɛlm",
"Rhymes:English/ɛlm/1 syllable",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Cantonese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malayalam translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"en:Armor",
"en:Occupations",
"en:Poeae tribe grasses"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "answer the helm"
},
{
"word": "at the helm"
},
{
"word": "barrel helm"
},
{
"word": "close helm"
},
{
"word": "great helm"
},
{
"word": "helm port"
},
{
"word": "helm-port"
},
{
"word": "helmsman"
},
{
"word": "helmsperson"
},
{
"word": "helmswoman"
},
{
"word": "take the helm"
},
{
"word": "weather helm"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel-",
"4": "*ḱelh₂-",
"id1": "cover"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle English helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "helma",
"t": "helm, tiller"
},
"expansion": "Old English helma (“helm, tiller”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helmô",
"t": "handle; helm, tiller"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helmô (“handle; helm, tiller”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel-",
"t": "to cover"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ḱélh₂-m(on)-",
"4": "reed, hollow stalk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱélh₂-m(on)- (“reed, hollow stalk”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Holm",
"t": "beam"
},
"expansion": "German Holm (“beam”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hjálm"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hjálm",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The noun is derived from Middle English helm, helme (“tiller of a ship”), from Old English helma (“helm, tiller”), from Proto-Germanic *helmô (“handle; helm, tiller”), either from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover”) or from the same source as haulm and helm (“bentgrass, straw”) (see below), Proto-Indo-European *ḱélh₂-m(on)- (“reed, hollow stalk”), one form of which then developed a specialized meaning “handle” in Germanic.\nThe verb is derived from the noun.\ncognates\n* German Holm (“beam”)\n* Old Norse hjálm",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "helm (plural helms)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Nautical"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1563 March 30 (Gregorian calendar), John Lambert, “The History of Master Ihon Lābert otherwise Called Nycolson, wyth the Actes and Processe of King Henrye the VIII. and the Byshops agaynst Hym, by whome He was Condempned and Burned at London. Anno. 1538.”, in John Foxe, Actes and Monuments of These Latter and Perillous Dayes, […], London: […] Iohn Day, […], →OCLC, book III, page [599]:",
"text": "Ye this is both helme & stern of al together: & that which they contended right sore to impugn, but loue of the truth, wherwith in this poynte I reckened me wel fēsed, wold not suffer me to apply & yeld to their wil, thinking, quod sanctū erat veritatē preferre amicitiæ, that the truth ought to be preferred before al frendship & amitye, & also, Si dextra manus scandalizet deberet prescidi & abijci.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1634, T[homas] H[erbert], “An Itinerarie of Some Yeares Trauaile, through Diuers Parts of Asia and Afrike, with the Description of the Orientall Indies, and Some Iles Adjacent. Especially the Territories of the Now Persian Monarchie: Included betwixt Mesopotamia, Indus, and the Caspian Sea”, in A Relation of Some Yeares Trauaile, Begunne Anno 1626. into Afrique and the Greater Asia, […], London: […] William Stansby, and Jacob Bloome, →OCLC, page 5:",
"text": "Nor is this vveather rare about the Æquinoctiall; by Mariners termed the Tornadoes: and tis ſo vncertaine, that novv you ſhall haue a quiet breath and gale, and ſuddenly an vnexpected violent guſt, and ſtorme, ſo fierce, that many times the ſhips vvill feele no helme.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1755–1757 (date written), [Thomas] Gray, “Ode VI. The Bard. Pindaric.”, in The Poems of Mr. Gray. […], York, Yorkshire: […] A[nn] Ward; and sold by J[ames] Dodsley, […]; and J[ohn] Todd, […], published 1775, →OCLC, stanza II.2, page 31:",
"text": "Fair laughs the Morn, and ſoft the Zephyr blovvs, / VVhile proudly riding o'er the azure realm / In gallant trim the gilded Veſſel goes; / Youth on the provv, and Pleaſure at the helm; […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; also, the entire steering apparatus of a vessel."
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"tiller",
"tiller#Noun"
],
[
"large",
"large#Adjective"
],
[
"ship",
"ship#Noun"
],
[
"wheel",
"wheel#Noun"
],
[
"used",
"use#Verb"
],
[
"control",
"control#Verb"
],
[
"rudder",
"rudder#Noun"
],
[
"marine",
"marine#Adjective"
],
[
"vessel",
"vessel#Noun"
],
[
"entire",
"entire#Adjective"
],
[
"steering",
"steering#Noun"
],
[
"apparatus",
"apparatus"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) The tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; also, the entire steering apparatus of a vessel."
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Nautical"
],
"glosses": [
"The use of a helm (sense 1); also, the amount of space through which a helm is turned."
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"use",
"use#Noun"
],
[
"amount",
"amount#Noun"
],
[
"space",
"space#Noun"
],
[
"turned",
"turn#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(nautical) The use of a helm (sense 1); also, the amount of space through which a helm is turned."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Nautical"
],
"glosses": [
"The member of a vessel's crew in charge of steering the vessel; a helmsman or helmswoman."
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"member",
"member#Noun"
],
[
"crew",
"crew#Noun"
],
[
"in charge",
"in charge"
],
[
"steering",
"steer#Verb"
],
[
"helmsman",
"helmsman"
],
[
"helmswoman",
"helmswoman"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(nautical) The member of a vessel's crew in charge of steering the vessel; a helmsman or helmswoman."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "helmsperson"
}
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1614–1615, Homer, “The Fifth Book of Homer’s Odysseys”, in Geo[rge] Chapman, transl., Homer’s Odysses. […], London: […] Rich[ard] Field [and William Jaggard], for Nathaniell Butter, published 1615, →OCLC; republished in The Odysseys of Homer, […], volume I, London: John Russell Smith, […], 1857, →OCLC, page 120, lines 311–313:",
"text": "A great axe first she gave, that two ways cut, / In which a fair well-polish'd helm was put, / That from an olive bough receiv'd his frame.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Something used to control or steer; also (obsolete), a handle of a tool or weapon; a haft, a helve."
],
"links": [
[
"control",
"control#Verb"
],
[
"handle",
"handle#Noun"
],
[
"tool",
"tool#Noun"
],
[
"weapon",
"weapon#Noun"
],
[
"haft",
"haft#Noun"
],
[
"helve",
"helve#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"Something used to control or steer; also (obsolete), a handle of a tool or weapon; a haft, a helve."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "the helm of the Commonwealth",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1629 January 11 (Gregorian calendar), James Howell, “XXXIII. To the Right Honourable Sir Peter Wichts, Ambassador at Constantinople.”, in Epistolæ Ho-Elianæ. Familiar Letters Domestic and Forren. […], 3rd edition, volume I, London: […] Humphrey Mos[e]ley, […], published 1655, →OCLC, section V, page 211:",
"text": "Biſhop [William] Laud of London is alſo povverful in his VVay, for he ſits at the Helm of the Church, and doth more than any of the tvvo Archbiſhops, or all the reſt of his tvvo and tvventy Brethren beſides.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2011 January 11, Jonathan Stevenson, “West Ham 2 – 1 Birmingham”, in BBC Sport, archived from the original on 2021-04-17:",
"text": "[Avram] Grant will be desperate to finish the job of getting West Ham to their first Wembley cup final in 30 years when they meet Birmingham in the second leg at St Andrews on 26 January; though arguably of more pressing concern is whether he will still be at the helm for Saturday's Premier League encounter with Arsenal.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2023 November 25, Richard Waters, John Thornhill, “Tech's philosophical rift over AI”, in FT Weekend, Big Read, page 6:",
"text": "But although Altman is now back at the helm, OpenAI's new board has yet to offer a public explanation of what exactly went wrong, or set out what changes it will make to ensure the company is not derailed from its core mission of making computer intelligence safe for humanity. The world is waiting.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A position of control or leadership."
],
"links": [
[
"position",
"position#Noun"
],
[
"control",
"control#Noun"
],
[
"leadership",
"leadership"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"A position of control or leadership."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1608–1609 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Coriolanus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i], page 1, column 2:",
"text": "[Y]ou ſlander / The Helmes o'th State: vvho care for you like Fathers, / VVhen you curſe them, as Enemies.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One in the position of controlling or directing; a controller, a director, a guide."
],
"links": [
[
"directing",
"direct#Verb"
],
[
"controller",
"controller"
],
[
"director",
"director"
],
[
"guide",
"guide#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"One in the position of controlling or directing; a controller, a director, a guide."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "hĕlm",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hɛlm/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-helm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/En-us-helm.ogg/En-us-helm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/En-us-helm.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛlm"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "daffa",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "دَفَّة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "ġek",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"word": "ղեկ"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "timón"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "šturvál",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "штурва́л"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "styrnó",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "стырно́"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kormílo",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "корми́ло"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "šturvál",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "щурва́л"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "timó"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "duò",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"word": "舵"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"word": "舵輪"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "duòlún",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"word": "舵轮"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "kormidlo"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ror"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "helmstok"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"word": "ruori"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "barre"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "temón"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "leme"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Ruder"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Steuer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Steuerruder"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Steuerung"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "pidálio",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "πηδάλιο"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "pēdálion",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "πηδάλιον"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "galgal hege",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "גַּלְגַל הֶגֶה"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "hegeh",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "הֶגֶה"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "yadit hege",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "יָדִית הֶגֶה"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"word": "kormány"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "halmadóir"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "timone"
},
{
"alt": "だりん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "darin",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"word": "舵輪"
},
{
"alt": "かじ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kaji",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"word": "舵"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ki",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"word": "키"
},
{
"alt": "舵",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ta",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"word": "타"
},
{
"alt": "舵輪",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "taryun",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"word": "타륜"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "gubernāculum"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kormilo",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "кормило"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "cukkāṉ",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"word": "ചുക്കാൻ"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ror"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ror"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Scheppstia"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ster"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "timão"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cârmă"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "timonă"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kormílo",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"dated",
"neuter",
"poetic"
],
"word": "корми́ло"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "šturvál",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "штурва́л"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "failm"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falmadair"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "stiùir"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"neuter"
],
"word": "ко̀рмило"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"neuter"
],
"word": "kòrmilo"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "kormidlo"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "krma"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "krmilo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "timón"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "roder"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"word": "dümen"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kermó",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "кермо́"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kormýlo",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "корми́ло"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "sternó",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "стерно́"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "šturvál",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "штурва́л"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "use of a helm; amount of space through which a helm is turned",
"word": "ruorin käyttö"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "ruljavý",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рулявы́"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "štúrman",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шту́рман"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "styrnavý",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "стырнавы́"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kormčíja",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кормчи́я"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "rulevi",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рулеви"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "štúrman",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "щу́рман"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "to⁴ sau²",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"word": "舵手"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "duòshǒu",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"word": "舵手"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "styrmand"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "roerganger"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stuurman"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"word": "ruorimies"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "barreur"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "barreuse"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "timonier"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Steuermann"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Steuerfrau"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "timoniere"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "şturman",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"word": "штурман"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kormilar",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кормилар"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "styrmann"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kórmčij",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ко́рмчий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kórmčaja",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"dated",
"feminine",
"ironic"
],
"word": "ко́рмчая"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "navigátor",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "навига́тор"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rulevój",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рулево́й"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "štúrman",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шту́рман"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "кормѝла̄р"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kormìlār"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "timonel"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "rorsman"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kermányč",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "керма́нич"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kermovýj",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кермови́й"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rulʹovýj",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рульови́й"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "sternovýj",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "стернови́й"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "štúrman",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шту́рман"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "something used to control or steer",
"word": "ohjain"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "something used to control or steer",
"word": "ratti"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "something used to control or steer",
"word": "ruori"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "upravlénie",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "управле́ние"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vlast",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "власт"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ror"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "roer"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"word": "kippari"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "temón"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"word": "al comando"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"word": "alla guida"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"word": "al timone"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "condottiero"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "duce"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"word": "timoniere"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kormilo",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "кормило"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "vlast",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "власт"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "cukkāṉ",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"word": "ചുക്കാൻ"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kormílo",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "корми́ло"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "stiùir"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "roder"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱel- (cover)",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱelh₂-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English transitive verbs",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɛlm",
"Rhymes:English/ɛlm/1 syllable",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Cantonese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malayalam translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"en:Armor",
"en:Occupations",
"en:Poeae tribe grasses"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "helmer"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel-",
"4": "*ḱelh₂-",
"id1": "cover"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle English helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "helma",
"t": "helm, tiller"
},
"expansion": "Old English helma (“helm, tiller”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helmô",
"t": "handle; helm, tiller"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helmô (“handle; helm, tiller”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel-",
"t": "to cover"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ḱélh₂-m(on)-",
"4": "reed, hollow stalk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱélh₂-m(on)- (“reed, hollow stalk”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Holm",
"t": "beam"
},
"expansion": "German Holm (“beam”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hjálm"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hjálm",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The noun is derived from Middle English helm, helme (“tiller of a ship”), from Old English helma (“helm, tiller”), from Proto-Germanic *helmô (“handle; helm, tiller”), either from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover”) or from the same source as haulm and helm (“bentgrass, straw”) (see below), Proto-Indo-European *ḱélh₂-m(on)- (“reed, hollow stalk”), one form of which then developed a specialized meaning “handle” in Germanic.\nThe verb is derived from the noun.\ncognates\n* German Holm (“beam”)\n* Old Norse hjálm",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helms",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "helming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "helmed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "helmed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "en-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "helm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "helm (third-person singular simple present helms, present participle helming, simple past and past participle helmed)",
"name": "en-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "transitive"
},
"expansion": "(transitive)",
"name": "term-label"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"old": "1"
},
"name": "en-conj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Nautical"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1859, Alfred Tennyson, “Elaine”, in Idylls of the King, London: Edward Moxon & Co., […], →OCLC, page 172:",
"text": "[A] wild wave in the wild North-sea, / […] overbears the bark, / And him that helms it, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1890, H[enry] Rider Haggard, Andrew Lang, “The Blood-red Sea”, in The World’s Desire, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., →OCLC, book I, page 41:",
"text": "For this light he steered, and soon he saw two tall pillars of flame blazing beside each other, with a narrow space of night between them. He helmed the ship towards these, and when he came near them they were like two mighty mountains of wood burning far into heaven, […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To control the helm (noun sense 1) of (a marine vessel); to be in charge of steering (a vessel)."
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"control",
"control#Verb"
],
[
"helm",
"helm#Noun"
],
[
"marine",
"marine#Adjective"
],
[
"vessel",
"vessel#Noun"
],
[
"in charge",
"in charge"
],
[
"steering",
"steer#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) To control the helm (noun sense 1) of (a marine vessel); to be in charge of steering (a vessel)."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1601 (date written), Iohn Marston [i.e., John Marston], What You Will, London: […] G[eorge] Eld, for Thomas Thorppe, published 1607, →OCLC, Act II, signature C3, verso:",
"text": "Ile ſtriue to be nor great nor ſmale, / To liue nor die, fate helmeth all, / VVhen I can breath no longer, then, / Heauen take all, there put Amen.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Measure for Measure”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], page 73, column 2:",
"text": "The very ſtreame of his life, and the buſineſſe he hath helmed, muſt vppon a vvarranted neede, giue him a better proclamation.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1884, Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Becket, London: Macmillan and Co., →OCLC, Act I, scene iii, page 66:",
"text": "But we hold / Thou art forsworn; and no forsworn Archbishop / Shall helm the Church.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2014 December 1, Malcolm Jack, “John Grant with the Royal Northern Sinfonia review – positively spine-tingling”, in Alan Rusbridger, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-07-31:",
"text": "\"I wanted to change the world, but I could not even change my underwear,\" sings John Grant at the piano, in a luxuriant baritone croon as thick and healthy as his beard. It’s hard to reconcile the guy who once struggled to so much as put on clean pants back in the bad old days – well-storied, not least through his own songs – with the one warmly and gracefully helming this complex, prestigious production – the penultimate date on a tour of packed concert halls, backed by an orchestra.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2021 January 20, Jill Colvin, “Trump bids farewell to Washington, hints of comeback”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2022-10-07:",
"text": "But [Donald] Trump retains his iron grip on the Republican base, with the support of millions of loyal voters and allies still helming the Republican National Committee and many state party organizations.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2021 July 26, Lauren Sarner, “Kevin Smith on ‘Masters of the Universe’ and fan backlash”, in New York Post:",
"text": "When Mattel initially approached Smith about helming this show, he was surprised.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2023 August 23, Ellie Johnson, “Top prizes on offer at raffle for Railway Benefit Fund”, in RAIL, number 990, page 11:",
"text": "Helmed by chef Anton Mosimann, this is one of the most prestigious dining clubs in the world.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To direct or lead (a project, etc.); to manage (an organization)."
],
"links": [
[
"direct",
"direct#Verb"
],
[
"lead",
"lead#Verb"
],
[
"project",
"project#Noun"
],
[
"manage",
"manage#Verb"
],
[
"organization",
"organization"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) To direct or lead (a project, etc.); to manage (an organization)."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "hĕlm",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hɛlm/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-helm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/En-us-helm.ogg/En-us-helm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/En-us-helm.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛlm"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to control the helm of (a marine vessel); to be in charge of steering (a vessel)",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "kormidlovat"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to control the helm of (a marine vessel); to be in charge of steering (a vessel)",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "řídit"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to control the helm of (a marine vessel); to be in charge of steering (a vessel)",
"word": "olla ruorissa"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱel- (cover)",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱelh₂-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɛlm",
"Rhymes:English/ɛlm/1 syllable",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"en:Armor",
"en:Occupations",
"en:Poeae tribe grasses"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "behelm"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "helmed"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel-",
"id": "cover"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "helm",
"t": "helmet; crown of thorns of Jesus; warrior; inn or shop sign"
},
"expansion": "Middle English helm (“helmet; crown of thorns of Jesus; warrior; inn or shop sign”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "elm, hælm, halm, healm, helme",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "helm",
"t": "helmet"
},
"expansion": "Old English helm (“helmet”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*helm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helmaz",
"t": "protective covering"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helmaz (“protective covering”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ḱelmos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱelmos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "heaume"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of heaume",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃 (hilms)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old High German helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Helm"
},
"expansion": "German Helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "elmo"
},
"expansion": "Italian elmo",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "helme"
},
"expansion": "Old French helme",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "heaume"
},
"expansion": "French heaume",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "yelmo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish yelmo",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hjalmr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hjalmr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "hjelm"
},
"expansion": "Danish hjelm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "hjelm"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian hjelm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "hjelm"
},
"expansion": "Swedish hjelm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Helm"
},
"expansion": "Low German Helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Dutch helm",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English helm (“helmet; crown of thorns of Jesus; warrior; inn or shop sign”) [and other forms], from Old English helm (“helmet”), from Proto-West Germanic *helm, from Proto-Germanic *helmaz (“protective covering”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *ḱelmos, from the root *ḱel- (“to cover”). Doublet of heaume and related to helmet.\ncognates\n* Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃 (hilms)\n* Old Frisian helm (West Frisian helm)\n* Old High German helm (Middle High German helm, modern German Helm; Italian elmo; Old French helme, modern French heaume; Spanish yelmo)\n* Old Norse hjalmr (Danish hjelm, Norwegian hjelm, Swedish hjelm)\n* Old Saxon helm (Low German Helm, Middle Dutch helm, modern Dutch helm)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "helm (plural helms)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English poetic terms",
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act I, scene ii:",
"text": "Their plumed helmes are wrought with beaten golde, / Their ſwords enameld, and about their neckes / Hangs maſſie chaines of golde downe to the waſte, / In euery part exceding braue and rich.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1667, John Milton, “Book VI”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 840–843:",
"text": "O're Shields and Helmes, and helmed heads he rode / Of Thrones and mighty Seraphim proſtrate, / That vviſh'd the Mountains novv might be again / Throvvn on them as a ſhelter from his ire.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1716, Homer, translated by Alexander Pope, “Book V”, in The Iliad of Homer, volume II, London: […] W[illiam] Bowyer, for Bernard Lintott […], →OCLC, page 59, lines 918–921:",
"text": "The maſſy golden Helm ſhe next aſſumes, / That dreadful nods vvith four o'erſhading Plumes; / So vaſt, the broad Circumference contains / A hundred Armies on a hundred Plains.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1870, William Morris, “November: The Lovers of Gudrun”, in The Earthly Paradise: A Poem, part III, London: F[rederick] S[tartridge] Ellis, […], →OCLC, page 480:",
"text": "From 'neath his gilded helm his golden hair / Fell waving down, but hidden were his eyes / By the wide brim: […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1914 January–May, Edgar Rice Burroughs, chapter VII, in The Outlaw of Torn, Chicago, Ill.: A[lexander] C[aldwell] McClurg, published 1927, →OCLC; republished as The Outlaw of Torn (Project Gutenberg; EBook #369), 11 November 2020:",
"text": "\"A fearful apparition,\" murmured Norman of Torn. \"No wonder he keeps his helm closed.\"",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A helmet."
],
"links": [
[
"helmet",
"helmet#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic or poetic) A helmet."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"poetic",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Heraldry"
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of helmet (“the feature above a shield on a coat of arms”)"
],
"links": [
[
"heraldry",
"heraldry"
],
[
"helmet",
"helmet#English"
],
[
"feature",
"feature#Noun"
],
[
"shield",
"shield#Noun"
],
[
"coat of arms",
"coat of arms"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(heraldry) Synonym of helmet (“the feature above a shield on a coat of arms”)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "the feature above a shield on a coat of arms",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "helmet"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"heraldry",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"monarchy",
"nobility",
"politics"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Northern England English"
],
"glosses": [
"A shelter for cattle or other farm animals; a hemmel, a shed."
],
"links": [
[
"shelter",
"shelter#Noun"
],
[
"cattle",
"cattle"
],
[
"farm animals",
"farm animals"
],
[
"hemmel",
"hemmel"
],
[
"shed",
"shed#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(Northern England) A shelter for cattle or other farm animals; a hemmel, a shed."
],
"senseid": [
"en:shed"
],
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"broadly",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Northern England English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1800 November (date written; published 1806), Samuel Taylor Coleridge, “[Sibylline Leaves.] A Stranger Minstrel. [Written to Mrs. [Mary] Robinson, a Few Weeks before Her Death.]”, in The Poetical and Dramatic Works of Samuel Taylor Coleridge […], volume II, London: Macmillan and Co., published 1880, →OCLC, page 159:",
"text": "Then ancient Skiddaw, stern and proud, / In sullen majesty replying, / Thus spake from out of his helm of cloud […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A heavy cloud lying on the brow of a mountain, especially one associated with a storm."
],
"links": [
[
"Cumberland",
"Cumberland"
],
[
"Westmorland",
"Westmorland"
],
[
"heavy",
"heavy#Adjective"
],
[
"cloud",
"cloud#Noun"
],
[
"lying",
"lie#Verb"
],
[
"brow",
"brow#Noun"
],
[
"mountain",
"mountain"
],
[
"associated",
"associate#Verb"
],
[
"storm",
"storm#Noun"
]
],
"qualifier": "Northern England (Cumberland, Westmorland)",
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(Northern England (Cumberland, Westmorland)) A heavy cloud lying on the brow of a mountain, especially one associated with a storm."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English dialectal terms",
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"The crown or top of something."
],
"links": [
[
"crown",
"crown#Noun"
],
[
"top",
"top#Noun"
]
],
"qualifier": "except British",
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(obsolete)",
"(except British, dialectal) The crown or top of something."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"dialectal",
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Alchemy",
"en:Chemistry"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1610 (first performance), Ben[jamin] Jonson, The Alchemist, London: […] Thomas Snodham, for Walter Burre, and are to be sold by Iohn Stepneth, […], published 1612, →OCLC; reprinted Menston, Yorkshire: The Scolar Press, 1970, →OCLC, Act II, scene i:",
"text": "The Dragons teeth, Mercurie ſublimate, / That keepes the vvhiteneſſe, hardneſſe and the biting; / And they are gather’d, into Iaſon’s helme, / (Th’Alembeke) and then ſovv’d in Mars his field, / And, thence, ſublim’d ſo often, till they are fix’d.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The upper part or cap of an alembic or retort."
],
"links": [
[
"alchemy",
"alchemy"
],
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
],
[
"upper",
"upper#Adjective"
],
[
"part",
"part#Noun"
],
[
"cap",
"cap#Noun"
],
[
"alembic",
"alembic"
],
[
"retort",
"retort#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(obsolete)",
"(alchemy, chemistry) The upper part or cap of an alembic or retort."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"obsolete",
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"alchemy",
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"pseudoscience"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "hĕlm",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hɛlm/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-helm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/En-us-helm.ogg/En-us-helm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/En-us-helm.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛlm"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "heavy cloud lying on the brow of a mountain",
"word": "myrskypilvi"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱelh₂-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɛlm",
"Rhymes:English/ɛlm/1 syllable",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"en:Armor",
"en:Occupations",
"en:Poeae tribe grasses"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "helmen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English helmen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "helmian",
"t": "to cover"
},
"expansion": "Old English helmian (“to cover”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "intensifying"
},
"expansion": "intensifying",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English helmen, helmi (“to provide with a helmet; (figuratively) to cover; to protect”), from Old English helmian (“to cover”), ġehelmian (“to cover with a helmet; to crown”), from (ġe- (prefix with an intensifying effect, or forming nouns or verbs denoting processes or results) +) helm (“helmet”) (see further at etymology 2) + -ian (suffix forming verbs from adjectives and nouns).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helms",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "helming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "helmed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "helmed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "helm (third-person singular simple present helms, present participle helming, simple past and past participle helmed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English poetic terms",
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1684 – 1691 (date written), [John] Dryden, King Arthur: Or, the British Worthy. A Dramatick Opera. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], published 1691, →OCLC, Act I, page 3:",
"text": "Oh Noble Conon, / You taught my tender Hands the Trade of VVar; / And novv again you Helm your hoary Head, / And under double vveight of Age and Arms, / Aſſert your Countries Freedom, and my Crovvn.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1796, Robert Southey, “Book the Seventh”, in Joan of Arc, an Epic Poem, Bristol: […] Bulgin and Rosser, for Joseph Cottle, […], and Cadell and Davies, and G. G. and J. Robinson, […], →OCLC, page 245, lines 479–480:",
"text": "Then from the bank / He sprung, and helm'd his head.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cover (a head) with a helmet; to provide (someone) with a helmet; to helmet."
],
"links": [
[
"cover",
"cover#Verb"
],
[
"head",
"head#Noun"
],
[
"helmet",
"helmet#Noun"
],
[
"provide",
"provide"
],
[
"helmet",
"helmet#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, archaic or poetic) To cover (a head) with a helmet; to provide (someone) with a helmet; to helmet."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "behelm"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"poetic",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "hĕlm",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hɛlm/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-helm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/En-us-helm.ogg/En-us-helm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/En-us-helm.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛlm"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cover (a head) with a helmet; to provide (someone) with a helmet — see also helmet",
"word": "suojata kypärällä"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱelh₂-",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɛlm",
"Rhymes:English/ɛlm/1 syllable",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"en:Armor",
"en:Occupations",
"en:Poeae tribe grasses"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱelh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "3"
},
"expansion": "³",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "etymon"
},
"expansion": "etymon",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "halm"
},
"expansion": "Middle English halm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "healm",
"t": "straw, stubble; stalk (?); handle of a tool or weapon"
},
"expansion": "Middle English healm (“straw, stubble; stalk (?); handle of a tool or weapon”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "holm",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "healm",
"t": "stalk of a grass or plant; hay, straw, stubble"
},
"expansion": "Old English healm (“stalk of a grass or plant; hay, straw, stubble”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helmaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helmaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*helm",
"id": "stalk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱelh₂-",
"t": "to prick, stab, stick"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱelh₂- (“to prick, stab, stick”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "3"
},
"expansion": "³",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "helm",
"t": "haulm"
},
"expansion": "Dutch helm (“haulm”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "qualifier"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "helm",
"t": "haulm"
},
"expansion": "Low German helm (“haulm”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Heligoland"
},
"expansion": "(Heligoland)",
"name": "qualifier"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Holstein"
},
"expansion": "(Holstein)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The noun is possibly:\n* a variant of haulm; or\n* from its etymon Middle English halm, helm, Early Middle English healm (“straw, stubble; stalk (?); handle of a tool or weapon”) [and other forms], from Old English healm (“stalk of a grass or plant; hay, straw, stubble”) or an unattested variant *helm, from Proto-Germanic *helmaz (see Proto-West Germanic *helm) or *halmaz (“stalk of a grass or plant; hay, straw”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱelh₂- (“to prick, stab, stick”).\nThe verb is either derived from the noun, or is possibly a variant of yelm.\ncognates\n* Dutch helm (“haulm”); helm, hellem, hellim (“straw”) (dialectal)\n* Low German helm (“haulm”) (hallem (Heligoland), halm (Holstein))",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~",
"id": "stalk"
},
"expansion": "helm (countable and uncountable, plural helms)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"A stalk of corn, or (uncountable) stalks of corn collectively (that is, straw), especially when bundled together or laid out straight to be used for thatching roofs."
],
"links": [
[
"stalk",
"stalk#Noun"
],
[
"corn",
"corn#Noun"
],
[
"collectively",
"collectively"
],
[
"straw",
"straw#Noun"
],
[
"bundled",
"bundle#Verb"
],
[
"laid out",
"lay out"
],
[
"straight",
"straight#Adjective"
],
[
"used",
"use#Verb"
],
[
"thatching",
"thatch#Verb"
],
[
"roofs",
"roof#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) A stalk of corn, or (uncountable) stalks of corn collectively (that is, straw), especially when bundled together or laid out straight to be used for thatching roofs."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "bundle of straw for thatching",
"word": "thatch"
},
{
"word": "yelm"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "the stems of various cultivated plants, left after harvesting the crop, which are used as animal food or litter, or for thatching",
"word": "haulm"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1583, John Foxe, “Notes Omitted of Them that Were Burnt at Bristol”, in Stephen Reed Cattley, editor, The Acts and Monuments of John Foxe: […], new edition, volume VIII, London: R. B. Seeley and W. Burnside; and sold by L. & G. Seeley, […], published 1839, →OCLC, page 737:",
"text": "The sheriff, John Griffith, had prepared green wood to burn him; but one master John Pikes, pitying the man, caused divers to go with him to Ridland, half a mile off, who brought good store of helme-sheaves, which indeed made good dispatch with little pain, in comparison to that he should have suffered with the green wood.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of haulm (“the stems of various cultivated plants, left after harvesting the crop, which are used as animal food or litter, or for thatching”)"
],
"links": [
[
"haulm",
"haulm#English"
],
[
"stems",
"stem#Noun"
],
[
"cultivated",
"cultivated#Adjective"
],
[
"plants",
"plant#Noun"
],
[
"left",
"leave#Verb"
],
[
"harvesting",
"harvest#Verb"
],
[
"crop",
"crop#Noun"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"food",
"food"
],
[
"litter",
"litter#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) Alternative form of haulm (“the stems of various cultivated plants, left after harvesting the crop, which are used as animal food or litter, or for thatching”)"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"transitive",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1640, John Parkinson, “Spartum herba sive Inncus. Matt Weed or Mat Rushes.”, in Theatrum Botanicum: The Theater of Plants. Or, An Herball of a Large Extent: […], London: […] Tho[mas] Cotes, →OCLC, page 1200:",
"text": "The Italians, and Spaniards, call it Sparto, and the ſecond ſort Albardi, The Dutch Halm. And vve in Engliſh, Helme, and Matvveede, but the people all along the Coaſts of Norfolke and Suffolke, call it Marram, and may be called Sea Ruſhes as vvell.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of bentgrass (“any of numerous reedy grass species of the genus Agrostis”)"
],
"links": [
[
"bentgrass",
"bentgrass#English"
],
[
"numerous",
"numerous"
],
[
"reedy",
"reedy"
],
[
"grass",
"grass#Noun"
],
[
"species",
"species"
],
[
"genus",
"genus"
],
[
"Agrostis",
"Agrostis#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, obsolete) Synonym of bentgrass (“any of numerous reedy grass species of the genus Agrostis”)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "any of numerous reedy grass species of the genus Agrostis",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "bentgrass"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "hĕlm",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hɛlm/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-helm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/En-us-helm.ogg/En-us-helm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/En-us-helm.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛlm"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱelh₂-",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɛlm",
"Rhymes:English/ɛlm/1 syllable",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"en:Armor",
"en:Occupations",
"en:Poeae tribe grasses"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱelh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "3"
},
"expansion": "³",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "etymon"
},
"expansion": "etymon",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "halm"
},
"expansion": "Middle English halm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "healm",
"t": "straw, stubble; stalk (?); handle of a tool or weapon"
},
"expansion": "Middle English healm (“straw, stubble; stalk (?); handle of a tool or weapon”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "holm",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "healm",
"t": "stalk of a grass or plant; hay, straw, stubble"
},
"expansion": "Old English healm (“stalk of a grass or plant; hay, straw, stubble”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helmaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helmaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*helm",
"id": "stalk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱelh₂-",
"t": "to prick, stab, stick"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱelh₂- (“to prick, stab, stick”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "3"
},
"expansion": "³",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "helm",
"t": "haulm"
},
"expansion": "Dutch helm (“haulm”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "qualifier"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "helm",
"t": "haulm"
},
"expansion": "Low German helm (“haulm”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Heligoland"
},
"expansion": "(Heligoland)",
"name": "qualifier"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Holstein"
},
"expansion": "(Holstein)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The noun is possibly:\n* a variant of haulm; or\n* from its etymon Middle English halm, helm, Early Middle English healm (“straw, stubble; stalk (?); handle of a tool or weapon”) [and other forms], from Old English healm (“stalk of a grass or plant; hay, straw, stubble”) or an unattested variant *helm, from Proto-Germanic *helmaz (see Proto-West Germanic *helm) or *halmaz (“stalk of a grass or plant; hay, straw”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱelh₂- (“to prick, stab, stick”).\nThe verb is either derived from the noun, or is possibly a variant of yelm.\ncognates\n* Dutch helm (“haulm”); helm, hellem, hellim (“straw”) (dialectal)\n* Low German helm (“haulm”) (hallem (Heligoland), halm (Holstein))",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helms",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "helming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "helmed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "helmed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "helm (third-person singular simple present helms, present participle helming, simple past and past participle helmed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To lay out (stalks of corn, or straw) straight to be used for thatching roofs; to yelm."
],
"links": [
[
"lay out",
"lay out"
],
[
"stalks",
"stalk#Noun"
],
[
"corn",
"corn#Noun"
],
[
"straw",
"straw#Noun"
],
[
"straight",
"straight#Adjective"
],
[
"used",
"use#Verb"
],
[
"thatching",
"thatch#Verb"
],
[
"roofs",
"roof#Noun"
],
[
"yelm",
"yelm#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To lay out (stalks of corn, or straw) straight to be used for thatching roofs; to yelm."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "hĕlm",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hɛlm/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-helm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/En-us-helm.ogg/En-us-helm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/En-us-helm.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛlm"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to lay out (stalks of corn, or straw) straight to be used for thatching roofs — see also yelm",
"word": "levittää"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "nl",
"3": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Dutch helm",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Dutch helm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hèlm",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "helm-helm",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmku",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "helmmu",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "helmnya",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "hèlm",
"pl": "duplication"
},
"expansion": "hèlm (plural helm-helm, first-person possessive helmku, second-person possessive helmmu, third-person possessive helmnya)",
"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Indonesian lemmas",
"Indonesian nouns",
"Indonesian terms borrowed from Dutch",
"Indonesian terms derived from Dutch",
"Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"helmet (protective head covering)"
],
"links": [
[
"helmet",
"helmet"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈhɛləm]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "Standard Malay",
"word": "hélmét"
},
{
"word": "hèlêm"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*hëlma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *hëlma",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "bat"
},
"expansion": "Baltic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "gem"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "helma"
},
"expansion": "Finnish helma",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *hëlma, borrowed either from Baltic or from Germanic. Cognates include Finnish helma.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "helm",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ludian",
"lang_code": "lud",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Ludian entries with incorrect language header",
"Ludian lemmas",
"Ludian nouns",
"Ludian terms derived from Baltic languages",
"Ludian terms derived from Germanic languages",
"Ludian terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
"Ludian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"hem"
],
"links": [
[
"hem",
"hem"
]
]
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Armor",
"enm:Headwear"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "English: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: helm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Scots: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: helm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "helm",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Welsh: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Welsh: helm"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old English helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*helm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helmaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helmaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English helm, from Proto-West Germanic *helm, from Proto-Germanic *helmaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helmes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "helm",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl": "helmes",
"pl2": "helmen"
},
"expansion": "helm (plural helmes or helmen)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "helmen"
},
{
"word": "helmet"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "They drew their long swords and put on their helms.",
"ref": "1275, Layamon’s Brut:",
"text": "Luken sweord longe, leiden o þe helmen.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "The helmet of salvation, and the sword of the Spirit.",
"roman": "Þe helm of hel and þe swerd of þe Spirit.",
"text": "1475, An Apology for Lollard Doctrines, Attributed to Wycliffe, quoting Ephesians 6:17",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A helmet; a piece of armoured headgear."
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Any kind of protection or safeguarding."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) Any kind of protection or safeguarding."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A soldier; a fighting-man."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative, rare) A soldier; a fighting-man."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses",
"enm:Bible"
],
"glosses": [
"The crown of thorns that Jesus wore."
],
"links": [
[
"biblical",
"Bible"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, biblical) The crown of thorns that Jesus wore."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"topics": [
"biblical",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hɛlm/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "helme"
},
{
"word": "hælm"
},
{
"word": "halm"
},
{
"word": "healm"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Armor",
"enm:Headwear"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "helm",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "elm"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of elm"
],
"links": [
[
"elm",
"elm#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Armor",
"enm:Headwear"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "helm",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "helme"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of helme"
],
"links": [
[
"helme",
"helme#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English masculine a-stem nouns",
"Old English masculine nouns",
"Old English nouns",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ang:Headwear"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "helmet, shield",
"word": "bānhelm"
},
{
"english": "helmet with the image of a boar",
"word": "bārhelm"
},
{
"english": "to cover over",
"word": "behelmian"
},
{
"english": "crown",
"word": "cynehelm"
},
{
"english": "to crown",
"word": "cynehelmian"
},
{
"english": "helmet (with visor)",
"word": "grīmhelm"
},
{
"english": "helmet",
"word": "gūþhelm"
},
{
"word": "hæleþhelm"
},
{
"english": "helmet which makes the wearer invisible",
"word": "heoloþhelm"
},
{
"english": "loftily crested",
"word": "hēahhelm"
},
{
"english": "helmeted warrior",
"word": "helmberend"
},
{
"english": "to cover, crown; provide with a helmet",
"word": "helmian"
},
{
"english": "helmet, cover",
"word": "hilman"
},
{
"english": "iron helmet",
"word": "īrenhelm"
},
{
"english": "leafy at the top",
"word": "lēafhelmig"
},
{
"english": "leathern helmet",
"word": "leþerhelm"
},
{
"english": "air, mist, cloud.",
"word": "lyfthelm"
},
{
"english": "covering of mist",
"word": "misthelm"
},
{
"english": "shades of night.",
"word": "nihthelm"
},
{
"english": "to overshadow",
"word": "oferhelmian"
},
{
"english": "darkness",
"word": "sceaduhelm"
},
{
"english": "covering of water, sea",
"word": "sundhelm"
},
{
"english": "covering of ice",
"word": "wæterhelm"
},
{
"english": "crown of glory",
"word": "wuldorhelm"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: helm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "English: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: helm"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*helm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helmaz",
"4": "",
"5": "helmet"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helmaz (“helmet”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel-",
"4": "",
"5": "to cover, to hide"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, to hide”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old High German helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hjalmr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hjalmr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃 (hilms)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *helm, from Proto-Germanic *helmaz (“helmet”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, to hide”). Compare Old Frisian helm, Old Saxon helm, Old High German helm, Old Norse hjalmr, Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃 (hilms).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "helm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "helm m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "helm m",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "helm"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-a-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "helm",
"2": "helmas",
"3": "helm",
"4": "helmas",
"5": "helmes",
"6": "helma",
"7": "helme",
"8": "helmum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong a-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "helma"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"helmet"
],
"links": [
[
"helmet",
"helmet"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"protection, defense"
],
"links": [
[
"protection",
"protection"
],
[
"defense",
"defense"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"covering, crown"
],
"links": [
[
"covering",
"covering"
],
[
"crown",
"crown"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"summit, top (of trees)"
],
"links": [
[
"summit",
"summit"
],
[
"top",
"top"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"protector, lord"
],
"links": [
[
"protector",
"protector"
],
[
"lord",
"lord"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/xelm/"
},
{
"ipa": "[heɫm]"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "siguhelm"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: helm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Helm"
},
"expansion": "German: Helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Helm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "hełm"
},
"expansion": "Polish: hełm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: hełm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Helm"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: Helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: Helm"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*helm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helmaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helmaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old English helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hjalmr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hjalmr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃 (hilms)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *helm, from Proto-Germanic *helmaz. Compare Old Saxon helm, Old English helm, Old Norse hjalmr, Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃 (hilms).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "helm m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "helm m",
"name": "goh-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old High German entries with incorrect language header",
"Old High German lemmas",
"Old High German masculine nouns",
"Old High German nouns",
"Old High German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old High German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old High German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old High German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"helmet"
],
"links": [
[
"helmet",
"helmet"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine a-stem nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "helmōn"
},
{
"word": "hilmijan"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old English: helm\nMiddle English: helm\nEnglish: helm",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: helm\nMiddle English: helm\nEnglish: helm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: helm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Hälm"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Hälm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Hälm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: helm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: helm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: helm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Helm"
},
"expansion": "Low German: Helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: Helm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: helm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: helm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: helm"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: helm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: helm\nMiddle High German: helm\nGerman: Helm\nPolish: hełm\nLuxembourgish: Helm",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: helm\nMiddle High German: helm\nGerman: Helm\nPolish: hełm\nLuxembourgish: Helm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "helmus",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin: helmus",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "8th century, Reichenau Glossary"
},
"expansion": "[8th century, Reichenau Glossary]",
"name": "defdate"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin: helmus [8th century, Reichenau Glossary] (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*šelmъ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Slavic: *šelmъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Slavic: *šelmъ (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helmaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helmaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *helmaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "helm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*helm m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/helm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"gmw-pro:Armor"
],
"glosses": [
"helmet"
],
"links": [
[
"helmet",
"helmet"
]
],
"senseid": [
"gmw-pro:helmet"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine a-stem nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*helm"
},
"expansion": "Old English: *helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: *helm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: helm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "helm",
"id": "stalk",
"t": "stalk, haulm; bentgrass"
},
"expansion": "English: helm (“stalk, haulm; bentgrass”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: helm (“stalk, haulm; bentgrass”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*helm"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *helm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "*helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: *helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: *helm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: helm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "helm",
"t": "sedge; marram grass"
},
"expansion": "Low German: helm (“sedge; marram grass”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: helm (“sedge; marram grass”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "hjælme",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: hjælme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: hjælme"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hjálmur",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Icelandic: hjálmur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Icelandic: hjálmur"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helmaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helmaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kélmas",
"3": "",
"4": "tree trunk"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kélmas (“tree trunk”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "culmus"
},
"expansion": "Latin culmus",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*sòlma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *sòlma",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "sal̃ms"
},
"expansion": "Latvian sal̃ms",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *helmaz, related to *halmaz (“haulm, straw, hay; stalk”) (whence *halm). The ablaut points to an older athematic paradigm in Proto-Indo-European, according to Kroonen probably *ḱélh₂m̥ ~ *ḱl̥h₂mós; compare Lithuanian kélmas (“tree trunk”). The o-grade in *halmaz and cognates such as Latin culmus, Proto-Slavic *sòlma and Latvian sal̃ms may have come either from an accusative stem *ḱolh₂-m- or by analogy with the thematic suffix *-(ó)-mos. In any case ultimately from the root *ḱelh₂- (“to prick, stab; straw, reed”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "helm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*helm m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/helm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "halm"
},
{
"word": "? *helmō"
},
{
"english": "rudder, tiller; helm (of a boat)",
"word": "halmō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"gmw-pro:Grasses",
"gmw-pro:Sedges"
],
"glosses": [
"a reedy grass that dries as hollow stalks: bentgrass (genus Agrostis or Ammophila); sedge"
],
"links": [
[
"reedy",
"reedy"
],
[
"grass",
"grass"
],
[
"bentgrass",
"bentgrass"
],
[
"Agrostis",
"Agrostis#Translingual"
],
[
"Ammophila",
"Ammophila#Translingual"
],
[
"sedge",
"sedge"
]
],
"senseid": [
"gmw-pro:stalk"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Synonym of *halm (“stalk, haulm, straw”)"
],
"links": [
[
"*halm",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/halm"
],
[
"stalk",
"stalk"
],
[
"haulm",
"haulm"
],
[
"straw",
"straw"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "stalk, haulm, straw",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "halm"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "enm",
"3": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle English helm",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English helm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helmau",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "helmau"
},
"expansion": "helm f (plural helmau, not mutable)",
"name": "cy-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Welsh countable nouns",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh feminine nouns",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh non-mutable terms",
"Welsh nouns",
"Welsh terms borrowed from Middle English",
"Welsh terms derived from Middle English",
"cy:Headwear"
],
"glosses": [
"helmet"
],
"links": [
[
"helmet",
"helmet"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "helmed"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"not-mutable"
]
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
Download raw JSONL data for helm meaning in All languages combined (114.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.