See helm on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for helm meaning in All languages combined (109.2kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "answer the helm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "at the helm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "barrel helm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "close helm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "great helm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "helm port"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "helm-port"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "helmsman"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "helmsperson"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "helmswoman"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "take the helm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "weather helm"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel-",
"4": "*ḱelh₂-",
"id1": "cover"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle English helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "helme",
"t": "tiller of a ship"
},
"expansion": "helme (“tiller of a ship”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "helma",
"t": "helm, tiller"
},
"expansion": "Old English helma (“helm, tiller”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helmô",
"t": "handle; helm, tiller"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helmô (“handle; helm, tiller”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel-",
"t": "to cover"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "haulm"
},
"expansion": "haulm",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "helm",
"3": "",
"4": "bentgrass, straw",
"id": "stalk"
},
"expansion": "helm (“bentgrass, straw”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ḱélh₂-m(on)-",
"4": "reed, hollow stalk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱélh₂-m(on)- (“reed, hollow stalk”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Holm",
"t": "beam"
},
"expansion": "German Holm (“beam”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hjálm"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hjálm",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The noun is derived from Middle English helm, helme (“tiller of a ship”), from Old English helma (“helm, tiller”), from Proto-Germanic *helmô (“handle; helm, tiller”), either from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover”) or from the same source as haulm and helm (“bentgrass, straw”) (see below), Proto-Indo-European *ḱélh₂-m(on)- (“reed, hollow stalk”), one form of which then developed a specialized meaning “handle” in Germanic.\nThe verb is derived from the noun.\ncognates\n* German Holm (“beam”)\n* Old Norse hjálm",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "helm (plural helms)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "en:Nautical",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; also, the entire steering apparatus of a vessel."
],
"id": "en-helm-en-noun-XKCMwW1Y",
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"tiller",
"tiller#Noun"
],
[
"large",
"large#Adjective"
],
[
"ship",
"ship#Noun"
],
[
"wheel",
"wheel#Noun"
],
[
"used",
"use#Verb"
],
[
"control",
"control#Verb"
],
[
"rudder",
"rudder#Noun"
],
[
"marine",
"marine#Adjective"
],
[
"vessel",
"vessel#Noun"
],
[
"entire",
"entire#Adjective"
],
[
"steering",
"steering#Noun"
],
[
"apparatus",
"apparatus"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) The tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; also, the entire steering apparatus of a vessel."
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "daffa",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "دَفَّة"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "ġek",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"word": "ղեկ"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "timón"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "šturvál",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "штурва́л"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "styrnó",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "стырно́"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kormílo",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "корми́ло"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "šturvál",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "щурва́л"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "timó"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "duò",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"word": "舵"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"word": "舵輪"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "duòlún",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"word": "舵轮"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "kormidlo"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ror"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "helmstok"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"word": "ruori"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "barre"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "temón"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "leme"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Ruder"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Steuer"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Steuerruder"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Steuerung"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "pidálio",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "πηδάλιο"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "pēdálion",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "πηδάλιον"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "galgal hege",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "גַּלְגַל הֶגֶה"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "hegeh",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "הֶגֶה"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "yadit hege",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "יָדִית הֶגֶה"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"word": "kormány"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "halmadóir"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "timone"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"alt": "だりん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "darin",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"word": "舵輪"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"alt": "かじ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kaji",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"word": "舵"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ki",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"word": "키"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"alt": "舵",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ta",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"word": "타"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"alt": "舵輪",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "taryun",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"word": "타륜"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "gubernāculum"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kormilo",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "кормило"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "cukkāṉ",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"word": "ചുക്കാൻ"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ror"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ror"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Scheppstia"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ster"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "timão"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cârmă"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "timonă"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "ru",
"english": "dated or poetic",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kormílo",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "корми́ло"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "šturvál",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "штурва́л"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "failm"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falmadair"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "stiùir"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"neuter"
],
"word": "ко̀рмило"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"neuter"
],
"word": "kòrmilo"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "kormidlo"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "krma"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "krmilo"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "timón"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "roder"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"word": "dümen"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kermó",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "кермо́"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kormýlo",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "корми́ло"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "sternó",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "стерно́"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 3 5 23 1 5",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "šturvál",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "штурва́л"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "en:Nautical",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The use of a helm (sense 1); also, the amount of space through which a helm is turned."
],
"id": "en-helm-en-noun-7Yjtzvc5",
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"use",
"use#Noun"
],
[
"amount",
"amount#Noun"
],
[
"space",
"space#Noun"
],
[
"turned",
"turn#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(nautical) The use of a helm (sense 1); also, the amount of space through which a helm is turned."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "8 79 2 8 0 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "use of a helm; amount of space through which a helm is turned",
"word": "ruorin käyttö"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "en:Nautical",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The member of a vessel's crew in charge of steering the vessel; a helmsman or helmswoman."
],
"id": "en-helm-en-noun-4L1to-PJ",
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"member",
"member#Noun"
],
[
"crew",
"crew#Noun"
],
[
"in charge",
"in charge"
],
[
"steering",
"steer#Verb"
],
[
"helmsman",
"helmsman"
],
[
"helmswoman",
"helmswoman"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(nautical) The member of a vessel's crew in charge of steering the vessel; a helmsman or helmswoman."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "helmsperson"
}
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "19 7 57 9 1 7",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "ruljavý",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рулявы́"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 7 57 9 1 7",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "štúrman",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шту́рман"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 7 57 9 1 7",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "styrnavý",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "стырнавы́"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 7 57 9 1 7",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kormčíja",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кормчи́я"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 7 57 9 1 7",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "rulevi",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рулеви"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 7 57 9 1 7",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "štúrman",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "щу́рман"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 7 57 9 1 7",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "to⁴ sau²",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"word": "舵手"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 7 57 9 1 7",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "duòshǒu",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"word": "舵手"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 7 57 9 1 7",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "styrmand"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 7 57 9 1 7",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "roerganger"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 7 57 9 1 7",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stuurman"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 7 57 9 1 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"word": "ruorimies"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 7 57 9 1 7",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "barreur"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 7 57 9 1 7",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "barreuse"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 7 57 9 1 7",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "timonier"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 7 57 9 1 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Steuermann"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 7 57 9 1 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Steuerfrau"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 7 57 9 1 7",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "timoniere"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 7 57 9 1 7",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "şturman",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"word": "штурман"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 7 57 9 1 7",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kormilar",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кормилар"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 7 57 9 1 7",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "styrmann"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 7 57 9 1 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kórmčij",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ко́рмчий"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 7 57 9 1 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kórmčaja",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"dated",
"feminine",
"ironic"
],
"word": "ко́рмчая"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 7 57 9 1 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "navigátor",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "навига́тор"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 7 57 9 1 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rulevój",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рулево́й"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 7 57 9 1 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "štúrman",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шту́рман"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 7 57 9 1 7",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "кормѝла̄р"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 7 57 9 1 7",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kormìlār"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 7 57 9 1 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "timonel"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 7 57 9 1 7",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "rorsman"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 7 57 9 1 7",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kermányč",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "керма́нич"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 7 57 9 1 7",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kermovýj",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кермови́й"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 7 57 9 1 7",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rulʹovýj",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рульови́й"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 7 57 9 1 7",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "sternovýj",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "стернови́й"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 7 57 9 1 7",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "štúrman",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шту́рман"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Something used to control or steer; also (obsolete), a handle of a tool or weapon; a haft, a helve."
],
"id": "en-helm-en-noun-ryqdqO3t",
"links": [
[
"control",
"control#Verb"
],
[
"handle",
"handle#Noun"
],
[
"tool",
"tool#Noun"
],
[
"weapon",
"weapon#Noun"
],
[
"haft",
"haft#Noun"
],
[
"helve",
"helve#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"Something used to control or steer; also (obsolete), a handle of a tool or weapon; a haft, a helve."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "28 2 2 64 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "something used to control or steer",
"word": "ohjain"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 2 2 64 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "something used to control or steer",
"word": "ratti"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 2 2 64 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "something used to control or steer",
"word": "ruori"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "the helm of the Commonwealth",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2011 January 11, Jonathan Stevenson, “West Ham 2 – 1 Birmingham”, in BBC Sport, archived from the original on 2021-04-17",
"text": "[Avram] Grant will be desperate to finish the job of getting West Ham to their first Wembley cup final in 30 years when they meet Birmingham in the second leg at St Andrews on 26 January; though arguably of more pressing concern is whether he will still be at the helm for Saturday's Premier League encounter with Arsenal.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2023 November 25, Richard Waters, John Thornhill, “Tech's philosophical rift over AI”, in FT Weekend, Big Read, page 6",
"text": "But although Altman is now back at the helm, OpenAI's new board has yet to offer a public explanation of what exactly went wrong, or set out what changes it will make to ensure the company is not derailed from its core mission of making computer intelligence safe for humanity. The world is waiting.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A position of control or leadership."
],
"id": "en-helm-en-noun-1XXO0DoR",
"links": [
[
"position",
"position#Noun"
],
[
"control",
"control#Noun"
],
[
"leadership",
"leadership"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"A position of control or leadership."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 0 1 4 88 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "upravlénie",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "управле́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 1 4 88 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vlast",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "власт"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 1 4 88 6",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ror"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 1 4 88 6",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "roer"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 1 4 88 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"word": "kippari"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 1 4 88 6",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "temón"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 1 4 88 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"word": "al comando"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 1 4 88 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"word": "alla guida"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 1 4 88 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"word": "al timone"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 1 4 88 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "condottiero"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 1 4 88 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "duce"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 1 4 88 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"word": "timoniere"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 1 4 88 6",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kormilo",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "кормило"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 1 4 88 6",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "vlast",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "власт"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 1 4 88 6",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "cukkāṉ",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"word": "ചുക്കാൻ"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 1 4 88 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kormílo",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "корми́ло"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 1 4 88 6",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "stiùir"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 1 4 88 6",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "roder"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 2 10 1 1 16 0 5 8 6 1 2 8 6 6 5 2 1 9",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Occupations",
"orig": "en:Occupations",
"parents": [
"People",
"Work",
"Human",
"Human activity",
"All topics",
"Human behaviour",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One in the position of controlling or directing; a controller, a director, a guide."
],
"id": "en-helm-en-noun-NDBjSqsj",
"links": [
[
"directing",
"direct#Verb"
],
[
"controller",
"controller"
],
[
"director",
"director"
],
[
"guide",
"guide#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"One in the position of controlling or directing; a controller, a director, a guide."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hɛlm/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛlm"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-helm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/En-us-helm.ogg/En-us-helm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/En-us-helm.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
},
{
"enpr": "hĕlm"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "helmer"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel-",
"4": "*ḱelh₂-",
"id1": "cover"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle English helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "helme",
"t": "tiller of a ship"
},
"expansion": "helme (“tiller of a ship”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "helma",
"t": "helm, tiller"
},
"expansion": "Old English helma (“helm, tiller”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helmô",
"t": "handle; helm, tiller"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helmô (“handle; helm, tiller”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel-",
"t": "to cover"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "haulm"
},
"expansion": "haulm",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "helm",
"3": "",
"4": "bentgrass, straw",
"id": "stalk"
},
"expansion": "helm (“bentgrass, straw”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ḱélh₂-m(on)-",
"4": "reed, hollow stalk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱélh₂-m(on)- (“reed, hollow stalk”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Holm",
"t": "beam"
},
"expansion": "German Holm (“beam”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hjálm"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hjálm",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The noun is derived from Middle English helm, helme (“tiller of a ship”), from Old English helma (“helm, tiller”), from Proto-Germanic *helmô (“handle; helm, tiller”), either from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover”) or from the same source as haulm and helm (“bentgrass, straw”) (see below), Proto-Indo-European *ḱélh₂-m(on)- (“reed, hollow stalk”), one form of which then developed a specialized meaning “handle” in Germanic.\nThe verb is derived from the noun.\ncognates\n* German Holm (“beam”)\n* Old Norse hjálm",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helms",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "helming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "helmed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "helmed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "en-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "helm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "helm (third-person singular simple present helms, present participle helming, simple past and past participle helmed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"old": "1"
},
"name": "en-conj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "en:Nautical",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To control the helm (noun sense 1) of (a marine vessel); to be in charge of steering (a vessel)."
],
"id": "en-helm-en-verb-s6Sra9lk",
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"control",
"control#Verb"
],
[
"helm",
"helm#Noun"
],
[
"marine",
"marine#Adjective"
],
[
"vessel",
"vessel#Noun"
],
[
"in charge",
"in charge"
],
[
"steering",
"steer#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) To control the helm (noun sense 1) of (a marine vessel); to be in charge of steering (a vessel)."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to control the helm of (a marine vessel); to be in charge of steering (a vessel)",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "kormidlovat"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to control the helm of (a marine vessel); to be in charge of steering (a vessel)",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "řídit"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to control the helm of (a marine vessel); to be in charge of steering (a vessel)",
"word": "olla ruorissa"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2014 December 1, Malcolm Jack, “John Grant with the Royal Northern Sinfonia review – positively spine-tingling”, in Alan Rusbridger, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-07-31",
"text": "\"I wanted to change the world, but I could not even change my underwear,\" sings John Grant at the piano, in a luxuriant baritone croon as thick and healthy as his beard. It’s hard to reconcile the guy who once struggled to so much as put on clean pants back in the bad old days – well-storied, not least through his own songs – with the one warmly and gracefully helming this complex, prestigious production – the penultimate date on a tour of packed concert halls, backed by an orchestra.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2021 January 20, Jill Colvin, “Trump bids farewell to Washington, hints of comeback”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2022-10-07",
"text": "But [Donald] Trump retains his iron grip on the Republican base, with the support of millions of loyal voters and allies still helming the Republican National Committee and many state party organizations.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2021 July 26, Lauren Sarner, “Kevin Smith on ‘Masters of the Universe’ and fan backlash”, in New York Post",
"text": "When Mattel initially approached Smith about helming this show, he was surprised.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2023 August 23, Ellie Johnson, “Top prizes on offer at raffle for Railway Benefit Fund”, in RAIL, number 990, page 11",
"text": "Helmed by chef Anton Mosimann, this is one of the most prestigious dining clubs in the world.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To direct or lead (a project, etc.); to manage (an organization)."
],
"id": "en-helm-en-verb-~-5L2TAT",
"links": [
[
"direct",
"direct#Verb"
],
[
"lead",
"lead#Verb"
],
[
"project",
"project#Noun"
],
[
"manage",
"manage#Verb"
],
[
"organization",
"organization"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) To direct or lead (a project, etc.); to manage (an organization)."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hɛlm/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛlm"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-helm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/En-us-helm.ogg/En-us-helm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/En-us-helm.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
},
{
"enpr": "hĕlm"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "behelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "helmed"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel-",
"id": "cover"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "helm",
"t": "helmet; crown of thorns of Jesus; warrior; inn or shop sign"
},
"expansion": "Middle English helm (“helmet; crown of thorns of Jesus; warrior; inn or shop sign”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "elm, hælm, halm, healm, helme",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "helm",
"t": "helmet"
},
"expansion": "Old English helm (“helmet”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*helm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helmaz",
"t": "protective covering"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helmaz (“protective covering”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ḱelmos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱelmos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ḱel-",
"t": "to cover"
},
"expansion": "*ḱel- (“to cover”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "helmet"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of helmet",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃 (hilms)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old High German helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Helm"
},
"expansion": "German Helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "elmo"
},
"expansion": "Italian elmo",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "helme"
},
"expansion": "Old French helme",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "heaume"
},
"expansion": "French heaume",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "yelmo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish yelmo",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hjalmr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hjalmr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "hjelm"
},
"expansion": "Danish hjelm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "hjelm"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian hjelm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "hjelm"
},
"expansion": "Swedish hjelm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Helm"
},
"expansion": "Low German Helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Dutch helm",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English helm (“helmet; crown of thorns of Jesus; warrior; inn or shop sign”) [and other forms], from Old English helm (“helmet”), from Proto-West Germanic *helm, from Proto-Germanic *helmaz (“protective covering”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *ḱelmos, from the root *ḱel- (“to cover”). Doublet of helmet.\ncognates\n* Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃 (hilms)\n* Old Frisian helm (West Frisian helm)\n* Old High German helm (Middle High German helm, modern German Helm; Italian elmo; Old French helme, modern French heaume; Spanish yelmo)\n* Old Norse hjalmr (Danish hjelm, Norwegian hjelm, Swedish hjelm)\n* Old Saxon helm (Low German Helm, Middle Dutch helm, modern Dutch helm)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "helm (plural helms)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1914 January–May, Edgar Rice Burroughs, chapter VII, in The Outlaw of Torn, Chicago, Ill.: A[lexander] C[aldwell] McClurg, published 1927, →OCLC; republished as The Outlaw of Torn (Project Gutenberg; EBook #369), 11 November 2020",
"text": "\"A fearful apparition,\" murmured Norman of Torn. \"No wonder he keeps his helm closed.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A helmet."
],
"id": "en-helm-en-noun-6er69J6K",
"links": [
[
"poetic",
"poetic"
],
[
"helmet",
"helmet#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic or poetic) A helmet."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"poetic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Heraldry",
"orig": "en:Heraldry",
"parents": [
"History",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Armor",
"orig": "en:Armor",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of helmet (“the feature above a shield on a coat of arms”)"
],
"id": "en-helm-en-noun-2YXiGmh-",
"links": [
[
"heraldry",
"heraldry"
],
[
"helmet",
"helmet#English"
],
[
"feature",
"feature#Noun"
],
[
"shield",
"shield#Noun"
],
[
"coat of arms",
"coat of arms"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(heraldry) Synonym of helmet (“the feature above a shield on a coat of arms”)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "the feature above a shield on a coat of arms",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "helmet"
}
],
"topics": [
"government",
"heraldry",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"monarchy",
"nobility",
"politics"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern England English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "12 4 5 1 0 7 1 5 17 11 2 5 9 2 11 4 1 1 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A shelter for cattle or other farm animals; a hemmel, a shed."
],
"id": "en-helm-en-noun-JvO3awjs",
"links": [
[
"shelter",
"shelter#Noun"
],
[
"cattle",
"cattle"
],
[
"farm animals",
"farm animals"
],
[
"hemmel",
"hemmel"
],
[
"shed",
"shed#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(Northern England) A shelter for cattle or other farm animals; a hemmel, a shed."
],
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"broadly"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern England English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(Northern England (Cumberland, Westmorland)) A heavy cloud lying on the brow of a mountain, especially one associated with a storm.",
"A heavy cloud lying on the brow of a mountain, especially one associated with a storm."
],
"id": "en-helm-en-noun-N-KiZaZ0",
"links": [
[
"Cumberland",
"Cumberland"
],
[
"Westmorland",
"Westmorland"
],
[
"heavy",
"heavy#Adjective"
],
[
"cloud",
"cloud#Noun"
],
[
"lying",
"lie#Verb"
],
[
"brow",
"brow#Noun"
],
[
"mountain",
"mountain"
],
[
"associated",
"associate#Verb"
],
[
"storm",
"storm#Noun"
]
],
"qualifier": "Northern England (Cumberland, Westmorland)",
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(Northern England (Cumberland, Westmorland)) A heavy cloud lying on the brow of a mountain, especially one associated with a storm."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 4 2 92 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "heavy cloud lying on the brow of a mountain",
"word": "myrskypilvi"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The crown or top of something."
],
"id": "en-helm-en-noun-0EtP418N",
"links": [
[
"crown",
"crown#Noun"
],
[
"top",
"top#Noun"
]
],
"qualifier": "except British",
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(obsolete)",
"(except British, dialectal) The crown or top of something."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"dialectal",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Alchemy",
"orig": "en:Alchemy",
"parents": [
"Forteana",
"Pseudoscience",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Chemistry",
"orig": "en:Chemistry",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The upper part or cap of an alembic or retort."
],
"id": "en-helm-en-noun-CQQ7GapG",
"links": [
[
"alchemy",
"alchemy"
],
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
],
[
"upper",
"upper#Adjective"
],
[
"part",
"part#Noun"
],
[
"cap",
"cap#Noun"
],
[
"alembic",
"alembic"
],
[
"retort",
"retort#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(obsolete)",
"(alchemy, chemistry) The upper part or cap of an alembic or retort."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"alchemy",
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"pseudoscience"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hɛlm/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛlm"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-helm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/En-us-helm.ogg/En-us-helm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/En-us-helm.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
},
{
"enpr": "hĕlm"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "helmen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English helmen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "helmi",
"t": "to provide with a helmet; (figuratively) to cover; to protect"
},
"expansion": "helmi (“to provide with a helmet; (figuratively) to cover; to protect”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "helmian",
"t": "to cover"
},
"expansion": "Old English helmian (“to cover”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ġehelmian",
"t": "to cover with a helmet; to crown"
},
"expansion": "ġehelmian (“to cover with a helmet; to crown”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "intensifying"
},
"expansion": "intensifying",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ġe-",
"pos": "prefix with an intensifying effect, or forming nouns or verbs denoting processes or results"
},
"expansion": "ġe- (prefix with an intensifying effect, or forming nouns or verbs denoting processes or results)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "helm",
"t": "helmet"
},
"expansion": "helm (“helmet”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-ian",
"pos": "suffix forming verbs from adjectives and nouns"
},
"expansion": "-ian (suffix forming verbs from adjectives and nouns)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English helmen, helmi (“to provide with a helmet; (figuratively) to cover; to protect”), from Old English helmian (“to cover”), ġehelmian (“to cover with a helmet; to crown”), from (ġe- (prefix with an intensifying effect, or forming nouns or verbs denoting processes or results) +) helm (“helmet”) (see further at etymology 2) + -ian (suffix forming verbs from adjectives and nouns).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helms",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "helming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "helmed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "helmed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "helm (third-person singular simple present helms, present participle helming, simple past and past participle helmed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To cover (a head) with a helmet; to provide (someone) with a helmet; to helmet."
],
"id": "en-helm-en-verb-HfUCSSB9",
"links": [
[
"poetic",
"poetic"
],
[
"cover",
"cover#Verb"
],
[
"head",
"head#Noun"
],
[
"helmet",
"helmet#Noun"
],
[
"provide",
"provide"
],
[
"helmet",
"helmet#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, archaic or poetic) To cover (a head) with a helmet; to provide (someone) with a helmet; to helmet."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "behelm"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"poetic",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cover (a head) with a helmet; to provide (someone) with a helmet — see also helmet",
"word": "suojata kypärällä"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hɛlm/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛlm"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-helm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/En-us-helm.ogg/En-us-helm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/En-us-helm.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
},
{
"enpr": "hĕlm"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱelh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "3"
},
"expansion": "³",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "haulm"
},
"expansion": "haulm",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "etymon"
},
"expansion": "etymon",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "halm"
},
"expansion": "Middle English halm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "helm",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "healm",
"t": "straw, stubble; stalk (?); handle of a tool or weapon"
},
"expansion": "Middle English healm (“straw, stubble; stalk (?); handle of a tool or weapon”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "holm",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "healm",
"t": "stalk of a grass or plant; hay, straw, stubble"
},
"expansion": "Old English healm (“stalk of a grass or plant; hay, straw, stubble”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*helm"
},
"expansion": "*helm",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helmaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helmaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*helm#Etymology 2"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*halmaz",
"t": "stalk of a grass or plant; hay, straw"
},
"expansion": "*halmaz (“stalk of a grass or plant; hay, straw”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱelh₂-",
"t": "to prick, stab, stick"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱelh₂- (“to prick, stab, stick”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "yelm"
},
"expansion": "yelm",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "3"
},
"expansion": "³",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "helm",
"t": "haulm"
},
"expansion": "Dutch helm (“haulm”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "helm",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "hellem"
},
"expansion": "hellem",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "hellim",
"t": "straw"
},
"expansion": "hellim (“straw”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "qualifier"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "helm",
"t": "haulm"
},
"expansion": "Low German helm (“haulm”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "hallem"
},
"expansion": "hallem",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Heligoland"
},
"expansion": "(Heligoland)",
"name": "qualifier"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "halm"
},
"expansion": "halm",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Holstein"
},
"expansion": "(Holstein)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The noun is possibly:\n* a variant of haulm; or\n* from its etymon Middle English halm, helm, Early Middle English healm (“straw, stubble; stalk (?); handle of a tool or weapon”) [and other forms], from Old English healm (“stalk of a grass or plant; hay, straw, stubble”) or an unattested variant *helm, from Proto-Germanic *helmaz (see Proto-West Germanic *helm) or *halmaz (“stalk of a grass or plant; hay, straw”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱelh₂- (“to prick, stab, stick”).\nThe verb is either derived from the noun, or is possibly a variant of yelm.\ncognates\n* Dutch helm (“haulm”); helm, hellem, hellim (“straw”) (dialectal)\n* Low German helm (“haulm”) (hallem (Heligoland), halm (Holstein))",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~",
"id": "stalk"
},
"expansion": "helm (countable and uncountable, plural helms)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A stalk of corn, or (uncountable) stalks of corn collectively (that is, straw), especially when bundled together or laid out straight to be used for thatching roofs."
],
"id": "en-helm-en-noun-~NsGGyrI",
"links": [
[
"stalk",
"stalk#Noun"
],
[
"corn",
"corn#Noun"
],
[
"collectively",
"collectively"
],
[
"straw",
"straw#Noun"
],
[
"bundled",
"bundle#Verb"
],
[
"laid out",
"lay out"
],
[
"straight",
"straight#Adjective"
],
[
"used",
"use#Verb"
],
[
"thatching",
"thatch#Verb"
],
[
"roofs",
"roof#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) A stalk of corn, or (uncountable) stalks of corn collectively (that is, straw), especially when bundled together or laid out straight to be used for thatching roofs."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "bundle of straw for thatching",
"word": "thatch"
},
{
"word": "yelm"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "the stems of various cultivated plants, left after harvesting the crop, which are used as animal food or litter, or for thatching",
"word": "haulm"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1583, John Foxe, “Notes Omitted of Them that Were Burnt at Bristol”, in Stephen Reed Cattley, editor, The Acts and Monuments of John Foxe: […], new edition, volume VIII, London: R. B. Seeley and W. Burnside; and sold by L. & G. Seeley, […], published 1839, →OCLC, page 737",
"text": "The sheriff, John Griffith, had prepared green wood to burn him; but one master John Pikes, pitying the man, caused divers to go with him to Ridland, half a mile off, who brought good store of helme-sheaves, which indeed made good dispatch with little pain, in comparison to that he should have suffered with the green wood.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of haulm (“the stems of various cultivated plants, left after harvesting the crop, which are used as animal food or litter, or for thatching”)"
],
"id": "en-helm-en-noun-rnAoiQj6",
"links": [
[
"haulm",
"haulm#English"
],
[
"stems",
"stem#Noun"
],
[
"cultivated",
"cultivated#Adjective"
],
[
"plants",
"plant#Noun"
],
[
"left",
"leave#Verb"
],
[
"harvesting",
"harvest#Verb"
],
[
"crop",
"crop#Noun"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"food",
"food"
],
[
"litter",
"litter#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) Alternative form of haulm (“the stems of various cultivated plants, left after harvesting the crop, which are used as animal food or litter, or for thatching”)"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 5 7 2 1 6 1 6 11 8 2 7 7 2 17 3 1 1 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 3 4 3 1 6 2 6 8 6 1 4 7 11 20 3 2 2 5",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Poeae tribe grasses",
"orig": "en:Poeae tribe grasses",
"parents": [
"Grasses",
"Commelinids",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of bentgrass (“any of numerous reedy grass species of the genus Agrostis”)"
],
"id": "en-helm-en-noun-6XmiSNMU",
"links": [
[
"bentgrass",
"bentgrass#English"
],
[
"numerous",
"numerous"
],
[
"reedy",
"reedy"
],
[
"grass",
"grass#Noun"
],
[
"species",
"species"
],
[
"genus",
"genus"
],
[
"Agrostis",
"Agrostis#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, obsolete) Synonym of bentgrass (“any of numerous reedy grass species of the genus Agrostis”)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "any of numerous reedy grass species of the genus Agrostis",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "bentgrass"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hɛlm/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛlm"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-helm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/En-us-helm.ogg/En-us-helm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/En-us-helm.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
},
{
"enpr": "hĕlm"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱelh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "3"
},
"expansion": "³",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "haulm"
},
"expansion": "haulm",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "etymon"
},
"expansion": "etymon",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "halm"
},
"expansion": "Middle English halm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "helm",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "healm",
"t": "straw, stubble; stalk (?); handle of a tool or weapon"
},
"expansion": "Middle English healm (“straw, stubble; stalk (?); handle of a tool or weapon”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "holm",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "healm",
"t": "stalk of a grass or plant; hay, straw, stubble"
},
"expansion": "Old English healm (“stalk of a grass or plant; hay, straw, stubble”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*helm"
},
"expansion": "*helm",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helmaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helmaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*helm#Etymology 2"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*halmaz",
"t": "stalk of a grass or plant; hay, straw"
},
"expansion": "*halmaz (“stalk of a grass or plant; hay, straw”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱelh₂-",
"t": "to prick, stab, stick"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱelh₂- (“to prick, stab, stick”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "yelm"
},
"expansion": "yelm",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "3"
},
"expansion": "³",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "helm",
"t": "haulm"
},
"expansion": "Dutch helm (“haulm”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "helm",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "hellem"
},
"expansion": "hellem",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "hellim",
"t": "straw"
},
"expansion": "hellim (“straw”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "qualifier"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "helm",
"t": "haulm"
},
"expansion": "Low German helm (“haulm”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "hallem"
},
"expansion": "hallem",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Heligoland"
},
"expansion": "(Heligoland)",
"name": "qualifier"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "halm"
},
"expansion": "halm",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Holstein"
},
"expansion": "(Holstein)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The noun is possibly:\n* a variant of haulm; or\n* from its etymon Middle English halm, helm, Early Middle English healm (“straw, stubble; stalk (?); handle of a tool or weapon”) [and other forms], from Old English healm (“stalk of a grass or plant; hay, straw, stubble”) or an unattested variant *helm, from Proto-Germanic *helmaz (see Proto-West Germanic *helm) or *halmaz (“stalk of a grass or plant; hay, straw”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱelh₂- (“to prick, stab, stick”).\nThe verb is either derived from the noun, or is possibly a variant of yelm.\ncognates\n* Dutch helm (“haulm”); helm, hellem, hellim (“straw”) (dialectal)\n* Low German helm (“haulm”) (hallem (Heligoland), halm (Holstein))",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helms",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "helming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "helmed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "helmed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "helm (third-person singular simple present helms, present participle helming, simple past and past participle helmed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To lay out (stalks of corn, or straw) straight to be used for thatching roofs; to yelm."
],
"id": "en-helm-en-verb-glPZn-mx",
"links": [
[
"lay out",
"lay out"
],
[
"stalks",
"stalk#Noun"
],
[
"corn",
"corn#Noun"
],
[
"straw",
"straw#Noun"
],
[
"straight",
"straight#Adjective"
],
[
"used",
"use#Verb"
],
[
"thatching",
"thatch#Verb"
],
[
"roofs",
"roof#Noun"
],
[
"yelm",
"yelm#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To lay out (stalks of corn, or straw) straight to be used for thatching roofs; to yelm."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to lay out (stalks of corn, or straw) straight to be used for thatching roofs — see also yelm",
"word": "levittää"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hɛlm/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛlm"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-helm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/En-us-helm.ogg/En-us-helm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/En-us-helm.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
},
{
"enpr": "hĕlm"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "nl",
"3": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Dutch helm",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch helm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "helms",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f2accel-form": "p",
"f2request": "1",
"f5accel-form": "diminutive",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "helm (plural helms)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "s"
},
"expansion": "helm (plural helms)",
"name": "af-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Afrikaans entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "af",
"name": "Headwear",
"orig": "af:Headwear",
"parents": [
"Clothing",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"helmet"
],
"id": "en-helm-af-noun-EVWEhgzV",
"links": [
[
"helmet",
"helmet"
]
]
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "-më"
},
"expansion": "-më",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "scalmo",
"t": "plague"
},
"expansion": "Old High German scalmo (“plague”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Schelm"
},
"expansion": "German Schelm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χάλιμα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek χάλιμα (khálima)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "आल",
"t": "poison"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit आल (āla, “poison”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σκάλμη",
"t": "Thracian knife"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek σκάλμη (skálmē, “Thracian knife”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "halbë",
"t": "scab, scale on the skin"
},
"expansion": "halbë (“scab, scale on the skin”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "halë",
"t": "bone"
},
"expansion": "halë (“bone”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "hell",
"t": "skewer, pike"
},
"expansion": "hell (“skewer, pike”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "helmë",
"t": "ax edge"
},
"expansion": "helmë (“ax edge”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "(poisoned) weapon"
},
"expansion": "“(poisoned) weapon”",
"name": "m-g"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "poison"
},
"expansion": "“poison”",
"name": "m-g"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain, possibly a formation in -më. Several hypotheses have been proposed:\n# Akin to Old High German scalmo (“plague”) (German Schelm).\n# Connection with Ancient Greek χάλιμα (khálima) can only be justified as a borrowing from it.\n# Akin to Sanskrit आल (āla, “poison”).\n# Akin to Ancient Greek σκάλμη (skálmē, “Thracian knife”).\nPossibly akin to halbë (“scab, scale on the skin”), halë (“bone”), hell (“skewer, pike”), dialectal helmë (“ax edge”). These would make the original sense “(poisoned) weapon”, only later becoming “poison”.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helme",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "masculine nouns",
"g": "m",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "helm m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "helme"
},
"expansion": "helm m (plural helme)",
"name": "sq-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"poison; venom"
],
"id": "en-helm-sq-noun-4~qUlPvk",
"links": [
[
"poison",
"poison"
],
[
"venom",
"venom"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "zeher"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"something very bad"
],
"id": "en-helm-sq-noun-S3mITugq",
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"great sorrow, grief"
],
"id": "en-helm-sq-noun-HH287ra~",
"links": [
[
"sorrow",
"sorrow"
],
[
"grief",
"grief"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hidhërim"
},
{
"word": "pikëllim"
},
{
"word": "hall"
},
{
"word": "nevojë"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Wilhelm Streitberg"
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "helmarinë"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "helmatis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "helmatoj"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "helme"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "helmëz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "helmlëshues"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "helmoj"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "helmos"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "helmzë"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "i helmës"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "i helmët"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "i helmshëm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "i helmtë"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "-më"
},
"expansion": "-më",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "scalmo",
"t": "plague"
},
"expansion": "Old High German scalmo (“plague”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Schelm"
},
"expansion": "German Schelm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χάλιμα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek χάλιμα (khálima)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "आल",
"t": "poison"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit आल (āla, “poison”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σκάλμη",
"t": "Thracian knife"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek σκάλμη (skálmē, “Thracian knife”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "halbë",
"t": "scab, scale on the skin"
},
"expansion": "halbë (“scab, scale on the skin”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "halë",
"t": "bone"
},
"expansion": "halë (“bone”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "hell",
"t": "skewer, pike"
},
"expansion": "hell (“skewer, pike”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "helmë",
"t": "ax edge"
},
"expansion": "helmë (“ax edge”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "(poisoned) weapon"
},
"expansion": "“(poisoned) weapon”",
"name": "m-g"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "poison"
},
"expansion": "“poison”",
"name": "m-g"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain, possibly a formation in -më. Several hypotheses have been proposed:\n# Akin to Old High German scalmo (“plague”) (German Schelm).\n# Connection with Ancient Greek χάλιμα (khálima) can only be justified as a borrowing from it.\n# Akin to Sanskrit आल (āla, “poison”).\n# Akin to Ancient Greek σκάλμη (skálmē, “Thracian knife”).\nPossibly akin to halbë (“scab, scale on the skin”), halë (“bone”), hell (“skewer, pike”), dialectal helmë (“ax edge”). These would make the original sense “(poisoned) weapon”, only later becoming “poison”.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helme",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "feminine",
"4": "helme",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{mp}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{fp}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "helm (feminine helme)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "helm (feminine helme)",
"name": "sq-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"very bitter"
],
"id": "en-helm-sq-adj-mOSgcQPY",
"links": [
[
"bitter",
"bitter"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "i hidhur"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 41 23 6 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Albanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"very sad, sorrowful, grievous"
],
"id": "en-helm-sq-adj-RaEtUrGW",
"links": [
[
"sad",
"sad"
],
[
"sorrowful",
"sorrowful"
],
[
"grievous",
"grievous"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "i hidhëruar"
},
{
"word": "i pikëlluar"
}
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Wilhelm Streitberg"
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "blauwhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bouwhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fietshelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gevechtshelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "helmdoek"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "helmkaketoe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "helmkroon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "helmparelhoen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "helmteken"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "integraalhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "krijgshelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "mijnhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "mijnwerkershelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "motorhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "oorlogshelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pothelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "racehelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ridderhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ruiterhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "soldatenhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "strijdhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "toernooihelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "valhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "wapenhelm"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: helm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pap",
"2": "hèlmu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Papiamentu: hèlmu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Papiamentu: hèlmu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vic",
"2": "helum",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Virgin Islands Creole: helum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Virgin Islands Creole: helum"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*helm"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*helm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helmaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helmaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Helm"
},
"expansion": "Low German Helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Helm"
},
"expansion": "German Helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "hjelm"
},
"expansion": "Danish hjelm",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch helm, from Old Dutch *helm, from Proto-West Germanic *helm, from Proto-Germanic *helmaz. Compare West Frisian helm, Low German Helm, German Helm, Danish hjelm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helmen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmpje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-en",
"3": "helmpje"
},
"expansion": "helm m (plural helmen, diminutive helmpje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"helm"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "40 28 1 11 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 29 2 14 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "70 11 7 5 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Headwear",
"orig": "nl:Headwear",
"parents": [
"Clothing",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"helmet, protective headwear"
],
"id": "en-helm-nl-noun-V6ltd3gn",
"links": [
[
"helmet",
"helmet"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Heraldry",
"orig": "nl:Heraldry",
"parents": [
"History",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"helmet above a shield"
],
"id": "en-helm-nl-noun-Ck9MK51m",
"links": [
[
"heraldry",
"heraldry"
],
[
"helmet",
"helmet"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(heraldry) helmet above a shield"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"heraldry",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"monarchy",
"nobility",
"politics"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɦɛlm/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɦɛɫm]"
},
{
"ipa": "[hɛɫm]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɦɛ.ləm]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈhɛ.ləm]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛlm"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-helm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/Nl-helm.ogg/Nl-helm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Nl-helm.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*helm#Etymology 2"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Low German helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "helm",
"id": "stalk",
"t": "bentgrass, straw"
},
"expansion": "English helm (“bentgrass, straw”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "halm",
"t": "haulm"
},
"expansion": "halm (“haulm”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "haulm"
},
"expansion": "English haulm",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "halm"
},
"expansion": "halm",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *helm; cognate with Low German helm, English helm (“bentgrass, straw”). Further related to halm (“haulm”); compare English haulm, halm.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-",
"3": "-",
"g2": "n"
},
"expansion": "helm f or n (uncountable)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"helm"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Poeae tribe grasses",
"orig": "nl:Poeae tribe grasses",
"parents": [
"Grasses",
"Commelinids",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "helmgras"
}
],
"glosses": [
"marram, European beachgrass, Ammophila arenaria"
],
"id": "en-helm-nl-noun-ENqU6En4",
"links": [
[
"marram",
"marram"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "helmgras"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"neuter",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɦɛlm/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɦɛɫm]"
},
{
"ipa": "[hɛɫm]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɦɛ.ləm]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈhɛ.ləm]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛlm"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-helm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/Nl-helm.ogg/Nl-helm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Nl-helm.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "helmstok"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "*helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch *helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "helmstoc"
},
"expansion": "helmstoc",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "English helm",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch *helm, attested in helmstoc. Akin to English helm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helmen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmpje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-en",
"3": "helmpje"
},
"expansion": "helm m (plural helmen, diminutive helmpje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"helm"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A tiller on a vessel's rudder."
],
"id": "en-helm-nl-noun-Aj3GnE6M",
"links": [
[
"tiller",
"tiller"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The handle on a pounder to crush fibers in a paper mill."
],
"id": "en-helm-nl-noun-NAZn7Exi",
"links": [
[
"handle",
"handle"
],
[
"pounder",
"pounder"
],
[
"paper mill",
"paper mill"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɦɛlm/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɦɛɫm]"
},
{
"ipa": "[hɛɫm]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɦɛ.ləm]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈhɛ.ləm]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛlm"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-helm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/Nl-helm.ogg/Nl-helm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Nl-helm.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "nl",
"3": "helm",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Dutch helm",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "nl",
"3": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Dutch helm",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Dutch helm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hèlm",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "helm-helm",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmku",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "helmmu",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "helmnya",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "hèlm",
"pl": "duplication"
},
"expansion": "hèlm (plural helm-helm, first-person possessive helmku, second-person possessive helmmu, third-person possessive helmnya)",
"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"helmet (protective head covering)"
],
"id": "en-helm-id-noun-qfXvHgt5",
"links": [
[
"helmet",
"helmet"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "Standard Malay",
"word": "hélmét"
},
{
"word": "hèlêm"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈhɛləm]"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*hëlma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *hëlma",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "bat"
},
"expansion": "Baltic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "gem"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "helma"
},
"expansion": "Finnish helma",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *hëlma, borrowed either from Baltic or from Germanic. Cognates include Finnish helma.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "helm",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ludian",
"lang_code": "lud",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ludian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hem"
],
"id": "en-helm-lud-noun-1KD~zJkL",
"links": [
[
"hem",
"hem"
]
]
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Armor",
"orig": "enm:Armor",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "English: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: helm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Scots: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: helm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "helm",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Welsh: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Welsh: helm"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old English helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*helm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helmaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helmaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English helm, from Proto-West Germanic *helm, from Proto-Germanic *helmaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helmes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "helm",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl": "helmes",
"pl2": "helmen"
},
"expansion": "helm (plural helmes or helmen)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "helmen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "helmet"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "64 12 12 8 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Headwear",
"orig": "enm:Headwear",
"parents": [
"Clothing",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(They drew their swords and put on their helms.)\n(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "1275, Layamon's Brut",
"text": "Luken sweord longe, leiden o þe helmen.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"text": "1475, An Apology for Lollard Doctrines, Attributed to Wycliffe\nÞe helm of hel and þe swerd of þe Spirit.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A helmet; a piece of armoured headgear."
],
"id": "en-helm-enm-noun-PABxtrbt"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 60 8 17 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 65 8 15 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 65 7 14 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any kind of protection or safeguarding."
],
"id": "en-helm-enm-noun-8TMeodw3",
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) Any kind of protection or safeguarding."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A soldier; a fighting-man."
],
"id": "en-helm-enm-noun-TUfFKNWA",
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative, rare) A soldier; a fighting-man."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Bible",
"orig": "enm:Bible",
"parents": [
"Books",
"Christianity",
"Judaism",
"Literature",
"Mass media",
"Abrahamism",
"Culture",
"Entertainment",
"Writing",
"Media",
"Religion",
"Society",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The crown of thorns that Jesus wore."
],
"id": "en-helm-enm-noun-aiLrAzSt",
"links": [
[
"biblical",
"Bible"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, biblical) The crown of thorns that Jesus wore."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"topics": [
"biblical",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hɛlm/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "helme"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "hælm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "halm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "healm"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Armor",
"orig": "enm:Armor",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "helm",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "helme"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of helme"
],
"id": "en-helm-enm-noun-DYlkvbVb",
"links": [
[
"helme",
"helme#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "helmet, shield",
"word": "bānhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "helmet with the image of a boar",
"word": "bārhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "to cover over",
"word": "behelmian"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "crown",
"word": "cynehelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "to crown",
"word": "cynehelmian"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "helmet (with visor)",
"word": "grīmhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "helmet",
"word": "gūþhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hæleþhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "helmet which makes the wearer invisible",
"word": "heoloþhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "loftily crested",
"word": "hēahhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "helmeted warrior",
"word": "helmberend"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "to cover, crown; provide with a helmet",
"word": "helmian"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "helmet, cover",
"word": "hilman"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "iron helmet",
"word": "īrenhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "leafy at the top",
"word": "lēafhelmig"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "leathern helmet",
"word": "leþerhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "air, mist, cloud.",
"word": "lyfthelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "covering of mist",
"word": "misthelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "shades of night.",
"word": "nihthelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "to overshadow",
"word": "oferhelmian"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "darkness",
"word": "sceaduhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "covering of water, sea",
"word": "sundhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "covering of ice",
"word": "wæterhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "crown of glory",
"word": "wuldorhelm"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: helm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "English: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: helm"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*helm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helmaz",
"4": "",
"5": "helmet"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helmaz (“helmet”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel-",
"4": "",
"5": "to cover, to hide"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, to hide”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old High German helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hjalmr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hjalmr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃 (hilms)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *helm, from Proto-Germanic *helmaz (“helmet”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, to hide”). Compare Old Frisian helm, Old Saxon helm, Old High German helm, Old Norse hjalmr, Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃 (hilms).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "helm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "helm m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "helm m",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "helm"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-a-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "helm",
"2": "helmas",
"3": "helm",
"4": "helmas",
"5": "helmes",
"6": "helma",
"7": "helme",
"8": "helmum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong a-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "helma"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"helmet"
],
"id": "en-helm-ang-noun-EVWEhgzV",
"links": [
[
"helmet",
"helmet"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"protection, defense"
],
"id": "en-helm-ang-noun-qt0ttfss",
"links": [
[
"protection",
"protection"
],
[
"defense",
"defense"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"covering, crown"
],
"id": "en-helm-ang-noun-x9dC93Nd",
"links": [
[
"covering",
"covering"
],
[
"crown",
"crown"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"summit, top (of trees)"
],
"id": "en-helm-ang-noun-60JThHHc",
"links": [
[
"summit",
"summit"
],
[
"top",
"top"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 25 15 22 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"protector, lord"
],
"id": "en-helm-ang-noun-MQcbBUqA",
"links": [
[
"protector",
"protector"
],
[
"lord",
"lord"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/xelm/"
},
{
"ipa": "[heɫm]"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: helm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Helm"
},
"expansion": "German: Helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Helm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "hełm"
},
"expansion": "Polish: hełm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: hełm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Helm"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: Helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: Helm"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*helm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helmaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helmaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old English helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hjalmr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hjalmr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃 (hilms)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *helm, from Proto-Germanic *helmaz. Compare Old Saxon helm, Old English helm, Old Norse hjalmr, Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃 (hilms).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "helm m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "helm m",
"name": "goh-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old High German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "siguhelm"
}
],
"glosses": [
"helmet"
],
"id": "en-helm-goh-noun-EVWEhgzV",
"links": [
[
"helmet",
"helmet"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "enm",
"3": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle English helm",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English helm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helmau",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "helmau"
},
"expansion": "helm f (plural helmau, not mutable)",
"name": "cy-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "cy",
"name": "Headwear",
"orig": "cy:Headwear",
"parents": [
"Clothing",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"helmet"
],
"id": "en-helm-cy-noun-EVWEhgzV",
"links": [
[
"helmet",
"helmet"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "helmed"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"not-mutable"
]
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old English: helm\nMiddle English: helm\nEnglish: helm",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: helm\nMiddle English: helm\nEnglish: helm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: helm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Hälm"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Hälm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Hälm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: helm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: helm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: helm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Helm"
},
"expansion": "Low German: Helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: Helm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: helm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: helm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: helm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: helm\nMiddle High German: helm\nGerman: Helm\nPolish: hełm\nLuxembourgish: Helm",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: helm\nMiddle High German: helm\nGerman: Helm\nPolish: hełm\nLuxembourgish: Helm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "helmus",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin: helmus",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "8th century, Reichenau Glossary"
},
"expansion": "[8th century, Reichenau Glossary]",
"name": "defdate"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin: helmus [8th century, Reichenau Glossary] (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*šelmъ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Slavic: *šelmъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Slavic: *šelmъ (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helmaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helmaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *helmaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "helm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*helm m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/helm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"word": "helmōn"
},
{
"word": "hilmijan"
}
],
"glosses": [
"helmet"
],
"id": "en-helm-gmw-pro-noun-EVWEhgzV",
"links": [
[
"helmet",
"helmet"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*helm"
},
"expansion": "Old English: *helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: *helm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: helm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "helm",
"id": "stalk",
"t": "stalk, haulm; bentgrass"
},
"expansion": "English: helm (“stalk, haulm; bentgrass”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: helm (“stalk, haulm; bentgrass”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*helm"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *helm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "*helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: *helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: *helm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: helm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "helm",
"t": "sedge; marram grass"
},
"expansion": "Low German: helm (“sedge; marram grass”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: helm (“sedge; marram grass”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "hjælme",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: hjælme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: hjælme"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hjálmur",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Icelandic: hjálmur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Icelandic: hjálmur"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helmaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helmaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*halmaz",
"3": "",
"4": "haulm, straw, hay; stalk"
},
"expansion": "*halmaz (“haulm, straw, hay; stalk”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*halm"
},
"expansion": "*halm",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ḱélh₂m̥ ~ *ḱl̥h₂mós"
},
"expansion": "*ḱélh₂m̥ ~ *ḱl̥h₂mós",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kélmas",
"3": "",
"4": "tree trunk"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kélmas (“tree trunk”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*halmaz"
},
"expansion": "*halmaz",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "culmus"
},
"expansion": "Latin culmus",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*sòlma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *sòlma",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "sal̃ms"
},
"expansion": "Latvian sal̃ms",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ḱolh₂-m-"
},
"expansion": "*ḱolh₂-m-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-mos",
"3": "*-(ó)-mos"
},
"expansion": "*-(ó)-mos",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ḱelh₂-",
"3": "",
"4": "to prick, stab; straw, reed"
},
"expansion": "*ḱelh₂- (“to prick, stab; straw, reed”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *helmaz, related to *halmaz (“haulm, straw, hay; stalk”) (whence *halm). The ablaut points to an older athematic paradigm in Proto-Indo-European, according to Kroonen probably *ḱélh₂m̥ ~ *ḱl̥h₂mós; compare Lithuanian kélmas (“tree trunk”). The o-grade in *halmaz and cognates such as Latin culmus, Proto-Slavic *sòlma and Latvian sal̃ms may have come either from an accusative stem *ḱolh₂-m- or by analogy with the thematic suffix *-(ó)-mos. In any case ultimately from the root *ḱelh₂- (“to prick, stab; straw, reed”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "helm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*helm m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/helm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "halm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "? *helmō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "rudder, tiller; helm (of a boat)",
"word": "halmō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 52 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a reedy grass that dries as hollow stalks: bentgrass (genus Agrostis or Ammophila); sedge"
],
"id": "en-helm-gmw-pro-noun-7FlwlLsO",
"links": [
[
"reedy",
"reedy"
],
[
"grass",
"grass"
],
[
"bentgrass",
"bentgrass"
],
[
"Agrostis",
"Agrostis#Translingual"
],
[
"Ammophila",
"Ammophila#Translingual"
],
[
"sedge",
"sedge"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 52 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of *halm (“stalk, haulm, straw”)"
],
"id": "en-helm-gmw-pro-noun-vU-hhWvA",
"links": [
[
"*halm",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/halm"
],
[
"stalk",
"stalk"
],
[
"haulm",
"haulm"
],
[
"straw",
"straw"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "stalk, haulm, straw",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "halm"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "nl",
"3": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Dutch helm",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch helm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "helms",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f2accel-form": "p",
"f2request": "1",
"f5accel-form": "diminutive",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "helm (plural helms)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "s"
},
"expansion": "helm (plural helms)",
"name": "af-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Afrikaans entries with incorrect language header",
"Afrikaans lemmas",
"Afrikaans nouns",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Dutch",
"af:Headwear"
],
"glosses": [
"helmet"
],
"links": [
[
"helmet",
"helmet"
]
]
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"categories": [
"Albanian adjectives",
"Albanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Albanian lemmas",
"Albanian masculine nouns",
"Albanian nouns",
"Albanian terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "-më"
},
"expansion": "-më",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "scalmo",
"t": "plague"
},
"expansion": "Old High German scalmo (“plague”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Schelm"
},
"expansion": "German Schelm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χάλιμα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek χάλιμα (khálima)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "आल",
"t": "poison"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit आल (āla, “poison”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σκάλμη",
"t": "Thracian knife"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek σκάλμη (skálmē, “Thracian knife”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "halbë",
"t": "scab, scale on the skin"
},
"expansion": "halbë (“scab, scale on the skin”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "halë",
"t": "bone"
},
"expansion": "halë (“bone”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "hell",
"t": "skewer, pike"
},
"expansion": "hell (“skewer, pike”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "helmë",
"t": "ax edge"
},
"expansion": "helmë (“ax edge”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "(poisoned) weapon"
},
"expansion": "“(poisoned) weapon”",
"name": "m-g"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "poison"
},
"expansion": "“poison”",
"name": "m-g"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain, possibly a formation in -më. Several hypotheses have been proposed:\n# Akin to Old High German scalmo (“plague”) (German Schelm).\n# Connection with Ancient Greek χάλιμα (khálima) can only be justified as a borrowing from it.\n# Akin to Sanskrit आल (āla, “poison”).\n# Akin to Ancient Greek σκάλμη (skálmē, “Thracian knife”).\nPossibly akin to halbë (“scab, scale on the skin”), halë (“bone”), hell (“skewer, pike”), dialectal helmë (“ax edge”). These would make the original sense “(poisoned) weapon”, only later becoming “poison”.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helme",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "masculine nouns",
"g": "m",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "helm m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "helme"
},
"expansion": "helm m (plural helme)",
"name": "sq-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"poison; venom"
],
"links": [
[
"poison",
"poison"
],
[
"venom",
"venom"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "zeher"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"something very bad"
],
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"great sorrow, grief"
],
"links": [
[
"sorrow",
"sorrow"
],
[
"grief",
"grief"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hidhërim"
},
{
"word": "pikëllim"
},
{
"word": "hall"
},
{
"word": "nevojë"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Wilhelm Streitberg"
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"categories": [
"Albanian adjectives",
"Albanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Albanian lemmas",
"Albanian masculine nouns",
"Albanian nouns",
"Albanian terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "helmarinë"
},
{
"word": "helmatis"
},
{
"word": "helmatoj"
},
{
"word": "helme"
},
{
"word": "helmëz"
},
{
"word": "helmlëshues"
},
{
"word": "helmoj"
},
{
"word": "helmos"
},
{
"word": "helmzë"
},
{
"word": "i helmës"
},
{
"word": "i helmët"
},
{
"word": "i helmshëm"
},
{
"word": "i helmtë"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "-më"
},
"expansion": "-më",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "scalmo",
"t": "plague"
},
"expansion": "Old High German scalmo (“plague”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Schelm"
},
"expansion": "German Schelm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χάλιμα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek χάλιμα (khálima)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "आल",
"t": "poison"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit आल (āla, “poison”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σκάλμη",
"t": "Thracian knife"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek σκάλμη (skálmē, “Thracian knife”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "halbë",
"t": "scab, scale on the skin"
},
"expansion": "halbë (“scab, scale on the skin”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "halë",
"t": "bone"
},
"expansion": "halë (“bone”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "hell",
"t": "skewer, pike"
},
"expansion": "hell (“skewer, pike”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "helmë",
"t": "ax edge"
},
"expansion": "helmë (“ax edge”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "(poisoned) weapon"
},
"expansion": "“(poisoned) weapon”",
"name": "m-g"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "poison"
},
"expansion": "“poison”",
"name": "m-g"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain, possibly a formation in -më. Several hypotheses have been proposed:\n# Akin to Old High German scalmo (“plague”) (German Schelm).\n# Connection with Ancient Greek χάλιμα (khálima) can only be justified as a borrowing from it.\n# Akin to Sanskrit आल (āla, “poison”).\n# Akin to Ancient Greek σκάλμη (skálmē, “Thracian knife”).\nPossibly akin to halbë (“scab, scale on the skin”), halë (“bone”), hell (“skewer, pike”), dialectal helmë (“ax edge”). These would make the original sense “(poisoned) weapon”, only later becoming “poison”.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helme",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "feminine",
"4": "helme",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{mp}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{fp}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "helm (feminine helme)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "helm (feminine helme)",
"name": "sq-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"very bitter"
],
"links": [
[
"bitter",
"bitter"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "i hidhur"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"very sad, sorrowful, grievous"
],
"links": [
[
"sad",
"sad"
],
[
"sorrowful",
"sorrowful"
],
[
"grievous",
"grievous"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "i hidhëruar"
},
{
"word": "i pikëlluar"
}
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Wilhelm Streitberg"
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine nouns",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Dutch terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɛlm",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɛlm/1 syllable",
"nl:Headwear"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "blauwhelm"
},
{
"word": "bouwhelm"
},
{
"word": "fietshelm"
},
{
"word": "gevechtshelm"
},
{
"word": "helmdoek"
},
{
"word": "helmkaketoe"
},
{
"word": "helmkroon"
},
{
"word": "helmparelhoen"
},
{
"word": "helmteken"
},
{
"word": "integraalhelm"
},
{
"word": "krijgshelm"
},
{
"word": "mijnhelm"
},
{
"word": "mijnwerkershelm"
},
{
"word": "motorhelm"
},
{
"word": "oorlogshelm"
},
{
"word": "pothelm"
},
{
"word": "racehelm"
},
{
"word": "ridderhelm"
},
{
"word": "ruiterhelm"
},
{
"word": "soldatenhelm"
},
{
"word": "strijdhelm"
},
{
"word": "toernooihelm"
},
{
"word": "valhelm"
},
{
"word": "wapenhelm"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: helm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pap",
"2": "hèlmu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Papiamentu: hèlmu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Papiamentu: hèlmu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vic",
"2": "helum",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Virgin Islands Creole: helum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Virgin Islands Creole: helum"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*helm"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*helm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helmaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helmaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Helm"
},
"expansion": "Low German Helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Helm"
},
"expansion": "German Helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "hjelm"
},
"expansion": "Danish hjelm",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch helm, from Old Dutch *helm, from Proto-West Germanic *helm, from Proto-Germanic *helmaz. Compare West Frisian helm, Low German Helm, German Helm, Danish hjelm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helmen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmpje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-en",
"3": "helmpje"
},
"expansion": "helm m (plural helmen, diminutive helmpje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"helm"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"helmet, protective headwear"
],
"links": [
[
"helmet",
"helmet"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"nl:Heraldry"
],
"glosses": [
"helmet above a shield"
],
"links": [
[
"heraldry",
"heraldry"
],
[
"helmet",
"helmet"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(heraldry) helmet above a shield"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"heraldry",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"monarchy",
"nobility",
"politics"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɦɛlm/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɦɛɫm]"
},
{
"ipa": "[hɛɫm]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɦɛ.ləm]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈhɛ.ləm]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛlm"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-helm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/Nl-helm.ogg/Nl-helm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Nl-helm.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Dutch feminine nouns",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine nouns",
"Dutch neuter nouns",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with multiple genders",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Dutch terms with audio links",
"Dutch uncountable nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic links with manual fragments",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɛlm",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɛlm/1 syllable",
"nl:Headwear"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "helmgras"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*helm#Etymology 2"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Low German helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "helm",
"id": "stalk",
"t": "bentgrass, straw"
},
"expansion": "English helm (“bentgrass, straw”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "halm",
"t": "haulm"
},
"expansion": "halm (“haulm”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "haulm"
},
"expansion": "English haulm",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "halm"
},
"expansion": "halm",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *helm; cognate with Low German helm, English helm (“bentgrass, straw”). Further related to halm (“haulm”); compare English haulm, halm.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-",
"3": "-",
"g2": "n"
},
"expansion": "helm f or n (uncountable)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"helm"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
"nl:Poeae tribe grasses"
],
"glosses": [
"marram, European beachgrass, Ammophila arenaria"
],
"links": [
[
"marram",
"marram"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "helmgras"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"neuter",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɦɛlm/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɦɛɫm]"
},
{
"ipa": "[hɛɫm]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɦɛ.ləm]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈhɛ.ləm]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛlm"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-helm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/Nl-helm.ogg/Nl-helm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Nl-helm.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine nouns",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Dutch terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɛlm",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɛlm/1 syllable",
"nl:Headwear"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "helmstok"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "*helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch *helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "helmstoc"
},
"expansion": "helmstoc",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "English helm",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch *helm, attested in helmstoc. Akin to English helm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helmen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmpje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-en",
"3": "helmpje"
},
"expansion": "helm m (plural helmen, diminutive helmpje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"helm"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A tiller on a vessel's rudder."
],
"links": [
[
"tiller",
"tiller"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The handle on a pounder to crush fibers in a paper mill."
],
"links": [
[
"handle",
"handle"
],
[
"pounder",
"pounder"
],
[
"paper mill",
"paper mill"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɦɛlm/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɦɛɫm]"
},
{
"ipa": "[hɛɫm]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɦɛ.ləm]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈhɛ.ləm]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛlm"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-helm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/Nl-helm.ogg/Nl-helm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Nl-helm.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱel- (cover)",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱelh₂-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English transitive verbs",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɛlm",
"Rhymes:English/ɛlm/1 syllable",
"en:Armor",
"en:Occupations",
"en:Poeae tribe grasses"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "answer the helm"
},
{
"word": "at the helm"
},
{
"word": "barrel helm"
},
{
"word": "close helm"
},
{
"word": "great helm"
},
{
"word": "helm port"
},
{
"word": "helm-port"
},
{
"word": "helmsman"
},
{
"word": "helmsperson"
},
{
"word": "helmswoman"
},
{
"word": "take the helm"
},
{
"word": "weather helm"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel-",
"4": "*ḱelh₂-",
"id1": "cover"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle English helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "helme",
"t": "tiller of a ship"
},
"expansion": "helme (“tiller of a ship”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "helma",
"t": "helm, tiller"
},
"expansion": "Old English helma (“helm, tiller”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helmô",
"t": "handle; helm, tiller"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helmô (“handle; helm, tiller”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel-",
"t": "to cover"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "haulm"
},
"expansion": "haulm",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "helm",
"3": "",
"4": "bentgrass, straw",
"id": "stalk"
},
"expansion": "helm (“bentgrass, straw”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ḱélh₂-m(on)-",
"4": "reed, hollow stalk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱélh₂-m(on)- (“reed, hollow stalk”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Holm",
"t": "beam"
},
"expansion": "German Holm (“beam”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hjálm"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hjálm",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The noun is derived from Middle English helm, helme (“tiller of a ship”), from Old English helma (“helm, tiller”), from Proto-Germanic *helmô (“handle; helm, tiller”), either from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover”) or from the same source as haulm and helm (“bentgrass, straw”) (see below), Proto-Indo-European *ḱélh₂-m(on)- (“reed, hollow stalk”), one form of which then developed a specialized meaning “handle” in Germanic.\nThe verb is derived from the noun.\ncognates\n* German Holm (“beam”)\n* Old Norse hjálm",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "helm (plural helms)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Nautical"
],
"glosses": [
"The tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; also, the entire steering apparatus of a vessel."
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"tiller",
"tiller#Noun"
],
[
"large",
"large#Adjective"
],
[
"ship",
"ship#Noun"
],
[
"wheel",
"wheel#Noun"
],
[
"used",
"use#Verb"
],
[
"control",
"control#Verb"
],
[
"rudder",
"rudder#Noun"
],
[
"marine",
"marine#Adjective"
],
[
"vessel",
"vessel#Noun"
],
[
"entire",
"entire#Adjective"
],
[
"steering",
"steering#Noun"
],
[
"apparatus",
"apparatus"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) The tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; also, the entire steering apparatus of a vessel."
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Nautical"
],
"glosses": [
"The use of a helm (sense 1); also, the amount of space through which a helm is turned."
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"use",
"use#Noun"
],
[
"amount",
"amount#Noun"
],
[
"space",
"space#Noun"
],
[
"turned",
"turn#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(nautical) The use of a helm (sense 1); also, the amount of space through which a helm is turned."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Nautical"
],
"glosses": [
"The member of a vessel's crew in charge of steering the vessel; a helmsman or helmswoman."
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"member",
"member#Noun"
],
[
"crew",
"crew#Noun"
],
[
"in charge",
"in charge"
],
[
"steering",
"steer#Verb"
],
[
"helmsman",
"helmsman"
],
[
"helmswoman",
"helmswoman"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(nautical) The member of a vessel's crew in charge of steering the vessel; a helmsman or helmswoman."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "helmsperson"
}
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Something used to control or steer; also (obsolete), a handle of a tool or weapon; a haft, a helve."
],
"links": [
[
"control",
"control#Verb"
],
[
"handle",
"handle#Noun"
],
[
"tool",
"tool#Noun"
],
[
"weapon",
"weapon#Noun"
],
[
"haft",
"haft#Noun"
],
[
"helve",
"helve#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"Something used to control or steer; also (obsolete), a handle of a tool or weapon; a haft, a helve."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "the helm of the Commonwealth",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2011 January 11, Jonathan Stevenson, “West Ham 2 – 1 Birmingham”, in BBC Sport, archived from the original on 2021-04-17",
"text": "[Avram] Grant will be desperate to finish the job of getting West Ham to their first Wembley cup final in 30 years when they meet Birmingham in the second leg at St Andrews on 26 January; though arguably of more pressing concern is whether he will still be at the helm for Saturday's Premier League encounter with Arsenal.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2023 November 25, Richard Waters, John Thornhill, “Tech's philosophical rift over AI”, in FT Weekend, Big Read, page 6",
"text": "But although Altman is now back at the helm, OpenAI's new board has yet to offer a public explanation of what exactly went wrong, or set out what changes it will make to ensure the company is not derailed from its core mission of making computer intelligence safe for humanity. The world is waiting.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A position of control or leadership."
],
"links": [
[
"position",
"position#Noun"
],
[
"control",
"control#Noun"
],
[
"leadership",
"leadership"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"A position of control or leadership."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"One in the position of controlling or directing; a controller, a director, a guide."
],
"links": [
[
"directing",
"direct#Verb"
],
[
"controller",
"controller"
],
[
"director",
"director"
],
[
"guide",
"guide#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"One in the position of controlling or directing; a controller, a director, a guide."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hɛlm/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛlm"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-helm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/En-us-helm.ogg/En-us-helm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/En-us-helm.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
},
{
"enpr": "hĕlm"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "daffa",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "دَفَّة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "ġek",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"word": "ղեկ"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "timón"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "šturvál",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "штурва́л"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "styrnó",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "стырно́"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kormílo",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "корми́ло"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "šturvál",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "щурва́л"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "timó"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "duò",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"word": "舵"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"word": "舵輪"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "duòlún",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"word": "舵轮"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "kormidlo"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ror"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "helmstok"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"word": "ruori"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "barre"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "temón"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "leme"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Ruder"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Steuer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Steuerruder"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Steuerung"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "pidálio",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "πηδάλιο"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "pēdálion",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "πηδάλιον"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "galgal hege",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "גַּלְגַל הֶגֶה"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "hegeh",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "הֶגֶה"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "yadit hege",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "יָדִית הֶגֶה"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"word": "kormány"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "halmadóir"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "timone"
},
{
"alt": "だりん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "darin",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"word": "舵輪"
},
{
"alt": "かじ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kaji",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"word": "舵"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ki",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"word": "키"
},
{
"alt": "舵",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ta",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"word": "타"
},
{
"alt": "舵輪",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "taryun",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"word": "타륜"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "gubernāculum"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kormilo",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "кормило"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "cukkāṉ",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"word": "ചുക്കാൻ"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ror"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ror"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Scheppstia"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ster"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "timão"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cârmă"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "timonă"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "dated or poetic",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kormílo",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "корми́ло"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "šturvál",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "штурва́л"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "failm"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falmadair"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "stiùir"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"neuter"
],
"word": "ко̀рмило"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"neuter"
],
"word": "kòrmilo"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "kormidlo"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "krma"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "krmilo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "timón"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "roder"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"word": "dümen"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kermó",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "кермо́"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kormýlo",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "корми́ло"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "sternó",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "стерно́"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "šturvál",
"sense": "tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "штурва́л"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "use of a helm; amount of space through which a helm is turned",
"word": "ruorin käyttö"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "ruljavý",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рулявы́"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "štúrman",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шту́рман"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "styrnavý",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "стырнавы́"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kormčíja",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кормчи́я"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "rulevi",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рулеви"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "štúrman",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "щу́рман"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "to⁴ sau²",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"word": "舵手"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "duòshǒu",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"word": "舵手"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "styrmand"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "roerganger"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stuurman"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"word": "ruorimies"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "barreur"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "barreuse"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "timonier"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Steuermann"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Steuerfrau"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "timoniere"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "şturman",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"word": "штурман"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kormilar",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кормилар"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "styrmann"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kórmčij",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ко́рмчий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kórmčaja",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"dated",
"feminine",
"ironic"
],
"word": "ко́рмчая"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "navigátor",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "навига́тор"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rulevój",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рулево́й"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "štúrman",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шту́рман"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "кормѝла̄р"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kormìlār"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "timonel"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "rorsman"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kermányč",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "керма́нич"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kermovýj",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кермови́й"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rulʹovýj",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рульови́й"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "sternovýj",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "стернови́й"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "štúrman",
"sense": "member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шту́рман"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "something used to control or steer",
"word": "ohjain"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "something used to control or steer",
"word": "ratti"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "something used to control or steer",
"word": "ruori"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "upravlénie",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "управле́ние"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vlast",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "власт"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ror"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "roer"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"word": "kippari"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "temón"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"word": "al comando"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"word": "alla guida"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"word": "al timone"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "condottiero"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "duce"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"word": "timoniere"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kormilo",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "кормило"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "vlast",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "власт"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "cukkāṉ",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"word": "ചുക്കാൻ"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kormílo",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "корми́ло"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "stiùir"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "position of control or leadership",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "roder"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱel- (cover)",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱelh₂-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English transitive verbs",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɛlm",
"Rhymes:English/ɛlm/1 syllable",
"en:Armor",
"en:Occupations",
"en:Poeae tribe grasses"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "helmer"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel-",
"4": "*ḱelh₂-",
"id1": "cover"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle English helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "helme",
"t": "tiller of a ship"
},
"expansion": "helme (“tiller of a ship”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "helma",
"t": "helm, tiller"
},
"expansion": "Old English helma (“helm, tiller”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helmô",
"t": "handle; helm, tiller"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helmô (“handle; helm, tiller”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel-",
"t": "to cover"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "haulm"
},
"expansion": "haulm",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "helm",
"3": "",
"4": "bentgrass, straw",
"id": "stalk"
},
"expansion": "helm (“bentgrass, straw”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ḱélh₂-m(on)-",
"4": "reed, hollow stalk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱélh₂-m(on)- (“reed, hollow stalk”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Holm",
"t": "beam"
},
"expansion": "German Holm (“beam”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hjálm"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hjálm",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The noun is derived from Middle English helm, helme (“tiller of a ship”), from Old English helma (“helm, tiller”), from Proto-Germanic *helmô (“handle; helm, tiller”), either from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover”) or from the same source as haulm and helm (“bentgrass, straw”) (see below), Proto-Indo-European *ḱélh₂-m(on)- (“reed, hollow stalk”), one form of which then developed a specialized meaning “handle” in Germanic.\nThe verb is derived from the noun.\ncognates\n* German Holm (“beam”)\n* Old Norse hjálm",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helms",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "helming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "helmed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "helmed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "en-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "helm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "helm (third-person singular simple present helms, present participle helming, simple past and past participle helmed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"old": "1"
},
"name": "en-conj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Nautical"
],
"glosses": [
"To control the helm (noun sense 1) of (a marine vessel); to be in charge of steering (a vessel)."
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"control",
"control#Verb"
],
[
"helm",
"helm#Noun"
],
[
"marine",
"marine#Adjective"
],
[
"vessel",
"vessel#Noun"
],
[
"in charge",
"in charge"
],
[
"steering",
"steer#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) To control the helm (noun sense 1) of (a marine vessel); to be in charge of steering (a vessel)."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2014 December 1, Malcolm Jack, “John Grant with the Royal Northern Sinfonia review – positively spine-tingling”, in Alan Rusbridger, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-07-31",
"text": "\"I wanted to change the world, but I could not even change my underwear,\" sings John Grant at the piano, in a luxuriant baritone croon as thick and healthy as his beard. It’s hard to reconcile the guy who once struggled to so much as put on clean pants back in the bad old days – well-storied, not least through his own songs – with the one warmly and gracefully helming this complex, prestigious production – the penultimate date on a tour of packed concert halls, backed by an orchestra.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2021 January 20, Jill Colvin, “Trump bids farewell to Washington, hints of comeback”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2022-10-07",
"text": "But [Donald] Trump retains his iron grip on the Republican base, with the support of millions of loyal voters and allies still helming the Republican National Committee and many state party organizations.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2021 July 26, Lauren Sarner, “Kevin Smith on ‘Masters of the Universe’ and fan backlash”, in New York Post",
"text": "When Mattel initially approached Smith about helming this show, he was surprised.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2023 August 23, Ellie Johnson, “Top prizes on offer at raffle for Railway Benefit Fund”, in RAIL, number 990, page 11",
"text": "Helmed by chef Anton Mosimann, this is one of the most prestigious dining clubs in the world.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To direct or lead (a project, etc.); to manage (an organization)."
],
"links": [
[
"direct",
"direct#Verb"
],
[
"lead",
"lead#Verb"
],
[
"project",
"project#Noun"
],
[
"manage",
"manage#Verb"
],
[
"organization",
"organization"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) To direct or lead (a project, etc.); to manage (an organization)."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hɛlm/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛlm"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-helm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/En-us-helm.ogg/En-us-helm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/En-us-helm.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
},
{
"enpr": "hĕlm"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to control the helm of (a marine vessel); to be in charge of steering (a vessel)",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "kormidlovat"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to control the helm of (a marine vessel); to be in charge of steering (a vessel)",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "řídit"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to control the helm of (a marine vessel); to be in charge of steering (a vessel)",
"word": "olla ruorissa"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱel- (cover)",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱelh₂-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɛlm",
"Rhymes:English/ɛlm/1 syllable",
"en:Armor",
"en:Occupations",
"en:Poeae tribe grasses"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "behelm"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "helmed"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel-",
"id": "cover"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "helm",
"t": "helmet; crown of thorns of Jesus; warrior; inn or shop sign"
},
"expansion": "Middle English helm (“helmet; crown of thorns of Jesus; warrior; inn or shop sign”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "elm, hælm, halm, healm, helme",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "helm",
"t": "helmet"
},
"expansion": "Old English helm (“helmet”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*helm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helmaz",
"t": "protective covering"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helmaz (“protective covering”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ḱelmos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱelmos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ḱel-",
"t": "to cover"
},
"expansion": "*ḱel- (“to cover”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "helmet"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of helmet",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃 (hilms)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old High German helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Helm"
},
"expansion": "German Helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "elmo"
},
"expansion": "Italian elmo",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "helme"
},
"expansion": "Old French helme",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "heaume"
},
"expansion": "French heaume",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "yelmo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish yelmo",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hjalmr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hjalmr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "hjelm"
},
"expansion": "Danish hjelm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "hjelm"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian hjelm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "hjelm"
},
"expansion": "Swedish hjelm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Helm"
},
"expansion": "Low German Helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Dutch helm",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English helm (“helmet; crown of thorns of Jesus; warrior; inn or shop sign”) [and other forms], from Old English helm (“helmet”), from Proto-West Germanic *helm, from Proto-Germanic *helmaz (“protective covering”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *ḱelmos, from the root *ḱel- (“to cover”). Doublet of helmet.\ncognates\n* Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃 (hilms)\n* Old Frisian helm (West Frisian helm)\n* Old High German helm (Middle High German helm, modern German Helm; Italian elmo; Old French helme, modern French heaume; Spanish yelmo)\n* Old Norse hjalmr (Danish hjelm, Norwegian hjelm, Swedish hjelm)\n* Old Saxon helm (Low German Helm, Middle Dutch helm, modern Dutch helm)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "helm (plural helms)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English poetic terms",
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1914 January–May, Edgar Rice Burroughs, chapter VII, in The Outlaw of Torn, Chicago, Ill.: A[lexander] C[aldwell] McClurg, published 1927, →OCLC; republished as The Outlaw of Torn (Project Gutenberg; EBook #369), 11 November 2020",
"text": "\"A fearful apparition,\" murmured Norman of Torn. \"No wonder he keeps his helm closed.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A helmet."
],
"links": [
[
"poetic",
"poetic"
],
[
"helmet",
"helmet#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic or poetic) A helmet."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"poetic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Heraldry"
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of helmet (“the feature above a shield on a coat of arms”)"
],
"links": [
[
"heraldry",
"heraldry"
],
[
"helmet",
"helmet#English"
],
[
"feature",
"feature#Noun"
],
[
"shield",
"shield#Noun"
],
[
"coat of arms",
"coat of arms"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(heraldry) Synonym of helmet (“the feature above a shield on a coat of arms”)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "the feature above a shield on a coat of arms",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "helmet"
}
],
"topics": [
"government",
"heraldry",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"monarchy",
"nobility",
"politics"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Northern England English"
],
"glosses": [
"A shelter for cattle or other farm animals; a hemmel, a shed."
],
"links": [
[
"shelter",
"shelter#Noun"
],
[
"cattle",
"cattle"
],
[
"farm animals",
"farm animals"
],
[
"hemmel",
"hemmel"
],
[
"shed",
"shed#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(Northern England) A shelter for cattle or other farm animals; a hemmel, a shed."
],
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"broadly"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Northern England English"
],
"glosses": [
"(Northern England (Cumberland, Westmorland)) A heavy cloud lying on the brow of a mountain, especially one associated with a storm.",
"A heavy cloud lying on the brow of a mountain, especially one associated with a storm."
],
"links": [
[
"Cumberland",
"Cumberland"
],
[
"Westmorland",
"Westmorland"
],
[
"heavy",
"heavy#Adjective"
],
[
"cloud",
"cloud#Noun"
],
[
"lying",
"lie#Verb"
],
[
"brow",
"brow#Noun"
],
[
"mountain",
"mountain"
],
[
"associated",
"associate#Verb"
],
[
"storm",
"storm#Noun"
]
],
"qualifier": "Northern England (Cumberland, Westmorland)",
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(Northern England (Cumberland, Westmorland)) A heavy cloud lying on the brow of a mountain, especially one associated with a storm."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English dialectal terms",
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"The crown or top of something."
],
"links": [
[
"crown",
"crown#Noun"
],
[
"top",
"top#Noun"
]
],
"qualifier": "except British",
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(obsolete)",
"(except British, dialectal) The crown or top of something."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"dialectal",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"en:Alchemy",
"en:Chemistry"
],
"glosses": [
"The upper part or cap of an alembic or retort."
],
"links": [
[
"alchemy",
"alchemy"
],
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
],
[
"upper",
"upper#Adjective"
],
[
"part",
"part#Noun"
],
[
"cap",
"cap#Noun"
],
[
"alembic",
"alembic"
],
[
"retort",
"retort#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(obsolete)",
"(alchemy, chemistry) The upper part or cap of an alembic or retort."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"alchemy",
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"pseudoscience"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hɛlm/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛlm"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-helm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/En-us-helm.ogg/En-us-helm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/En-us-helm.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
},
{
"enpr": "hĕlm"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "heavy cloud lying on the brow of a mountain",
"word": "myrskypilvi"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱelh₂-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɛlm",
"Rhymes:English/ɛlm/1 syllable",
"en:Armor",
"en:Occupations",
"en:Poeae tribe grasses"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "helmen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English helmen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "helmi",
"t": "to provide with a helmet; (figuratively) to cover; to protect"
},
"expansion": "helmi (“to provide with a helmet; (figuratively) to cover; to protect”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "helmian",
"t": "to cover"
},
"expansion": "Old English helmian (“to cover”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ġehelmian",
"t": "to cover with a helmet; to crown"
},
"expansion": "ġehelmian (“to cover with a helmet; to crown”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "intensifying"
},
"expansion": "intensifying",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ġe-",
"pos": "prefix with an intensifying effect, or forming nouns or verbs denoting processes or results"
},
"expansion": "ġe- (prefix with an intensifying effect, or forming nouns or verbs denoting processes or results)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "helm",
"t": "helmet"
},
"expansion": "helm (“helmet”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-ian",
"pos": "suffix forming verbs from adjectives and nouns"
},
"expansion": "-ian (suffix forming verbs from adjectives and nouns)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English helmen, helmi (“to provide with a helmet; (figuratively) to cover; to protect”), from Old English helmian (“to cover”), ġehelmian (“to cover with a helmet; to crown”), from (ġe- (prefix with an intensifying effect, or forming nouns or verbs denoting processes or results) +) helm (“helmet”) (see further at etymology 2) + -ian (suffix forming verbs from adjectives and nouns).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helms",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "helming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "helmed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "helmed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "helm (third-person singular simple present helms, present participle helming, simple past and past participle helmed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English poetic terms",
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To cover (a head) with a helmet; to provide (someone) with a helmet; to helmet."
],
"links": [
[
"poetic",
"poetic"
],
[
"cover",
"cover#Verb"
],
[
"head",
"head#Noun"
],
[
"helmet",
"helmet#Noun"
],
[
"provide",
"provide"
],
[
"helmet",
"helmet#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, archaic or poetic) To cover (a head) with a helmet; to provide (someone) with a helmet; to helmet."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "behelm"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"poetic",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hɛlm/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛlm"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-helm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/En-us-helm.ogg/En-us-helm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/En-us-helm.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
},
{
"enpr": "hĕlm"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cover (a head) with a helmet; to provide (someone) with a helmet — see also helmet",
"word": "suojata kypärällä"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱelh₂-",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɛlm",
"Rhymes:English/ɛlm/1 syllable",
"en:Armor",
"en:Occupations",
"en:Poeae tribe grasses"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱelh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "3"
},
"expansion": "³",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "haulm"
},
"expansion": "haulm",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "etymon"
},
"expansion": "etymon",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "halm"
},
"expansion": "Middle English halm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "helm",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "healm",
"t": "straw, stubble; stalk (?); handle of a tool or weapon"
},
"expansion": "Middle English healm (“straw, stubble; stalk (?); handle of a tool or weapon”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "holm",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "healm",
"t": "stalk of a grass or plant; hay, straw, stubble"
},
"expansion": "Old English healm (“stalk of a grass or plant; hay, straw, stubble”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*helm"
},
"expansion": "*helm",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helmaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helmaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*helm#Etymology 2"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*halmaz",
"t": "stalk of a grass or plant; hay, straw"
},
"expansion": "*halmaz (“stalk of a grass or plant; hay, straw”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱelh₂-",
"t": "to prick, stab, stick"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱelh₂- (“to prick, stab, stick”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "yelm"
},
"expansion": "yelm",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "3"
},
"expansion": "³",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "helm",
"t": "haulm"
},
"expansion": "Dutch helm (“haulm”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "helm",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "hellem"
},
"expansion": "hellem",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "hellim",
"t": "straw"
},
"expansion": "hellim (“straw”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "qualifier"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "helm",
"t": "haulm"
},
"expansion": "Low German helm (“haulm”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "hallem"
},
"expansion": "hallem",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Heligoland"
},
"expansion": "(Heligoland)",
"name": "qualifier"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "halm"
},
"expansion": "halm",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Holstein"
},
"expansion": "(Holstein)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The noun is possibly:\n* a variant of haulm; or\n* from its etymon Middle English halm, helm, Early Middle English healm (“straw, stubble; stalk (?); handle of a tool or weapon”) [and other forms], from Old English healm (“stalk of a grass or plant; hay, straw, stubble”) or an unattested variant *helm, from Proto-Germanic *helmaz (see Proto-West Germanic *helm) or *halmaz (“stalk of a grass or plant; hay, straw”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱelh₂- (“to prick, stab, stick”).\nThe verb is either derived from the noun, or is possibly a variant of yelm.\ncognates\n* Dutch helm (“haulm”); helm, hellem, hellim (“straw”) (dialectal)\n* Low German helm (“haulm”) (hallem (Heligoland), halm (Holstein))",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~",
"id": "stalk"
},
"expansion": "helm (countable and uncountable, plural helms)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"A stalk of corn, or (uncountable) stalks of corn collectively (that is, straw), especially when bundled together or laid out straight to be used for thatching roofs."
],
"links": [
[
"stalk",
"stalk#Noun"
],
[
"corn",
"corn#Noun"
],
[
"collectively",
"collectively"
],
[
"straw",
"straw#Noun"
],
[
"bundled",
"bundle#Verb"
],
[
"laid out",
"lay out"
],
[
"straight",
"straight#Adjective"
],
[
"used",
"use#Verb"
],
[
"thatching",
"thatch#Verb"
],
[
"roofs",
"roof#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) A stalk of corn, or (uncountable) stalks of corn collectively (that is, straw), especially when bundled together or laid out straight to be used for thatching roofs."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "bundle of straw for thatching",
"word": "thatch"
},
{
"word": "yelm"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "the stems of various cultivated plants, left after harvesting the crop, which are used as animal food or litter, or for thatching",
"word": "haulm"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1583, John Foxe, “Notes Omitted of Them that Were Burnt at Bristol”, in Stephen Reed Cattley, editor, The Acts and Monuments of John Foxe: […], new edition, volume VIII, London: R. B. Seeley and W. Burnside; and sold by L. & G. Seeley, […], published 1839, →OCLC, page 737",
"text": "The sheriff, John Griffith, had prepared green wood to burn him; but one master John Pikes, pitying the man, caused divers to go with him to Ridland, half a mile off, who brought good store of helme-sheaves, which indeed made good dispatch with little pain, in comparison to that he should have suffered with the green wood.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of haulm (“the stems of various cultivated plants, left after harvesting the crop, which are used as animal food or litter, or for thatching”)"
],
"links": [
[
"haulm",
"haulm#English"
],
[
"stems",
"stem#Noun"
],
[
"cultivated",
"cultivated#Adjective"
],
[
"plants",
"plant#Noun"
],
[
"left",
"leave#Verb"
],
[
"harvesting",
"harvest#Verb"
],
[
"crop",
"crop#Noun"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"food",
"food"
],
[
"litter",
"litter#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) Alternative form of haulm (“the stems of various cultivated plants, left after harvesting the crop, which are used as animal food or litter, or for thatching”)"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of bentgrass (“any of numerous reedy grass species of the genus Agrostis”)"
],
"links": [
[
"bentgrass",
"bentgrass#English"
],
[
"numerous",
"numerous"
],
[
"reedy",
"reedy"
],
[
"grass",
"grass#Noun"
],
[
"species",
"species"
],
[
"genus",
"genus"
],
[
"Agrostis",
"Agrostis#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, obsolete) Synonym of bentgrass (“any of numerous reedy grass species of the genus Agrostis”)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "any of numerous reedy grass species of the genus Agrostis",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "bentgrass"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hɛlm/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛlm"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-helm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/En-us-helm.ogg/En-us-helm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/En-us-helm.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
},
{
"enpr": "hĕlm"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱelh₂-",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɛlm",
"Rhymes:English/ɛlm/1 syllable",
"en:Armor",
"en:Occupations",
"en:Poeae tribe grasses"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱelh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "3"
},
"expansion": "³",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "haulm"
},
"expansion": "haulm",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "etymon"
},
"expansion": "etymon",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "halm"
},
"expansion": "Middle English halm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "helm",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "healm",
"t": "straw, stubble; stalk (?); handle of a tool or weapon"
},
"expansion": "Middle English healm (“straw, stubble; stalk (?); handle of a tool or weapon”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "holm",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "healm",
"t": "stalk of a grass or plant; hay, straw, stubble"
},
"expansion": "Old English healm (“stalk of a grass or plant; hay, straw, stubble”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*helm"
},
"expansion": "*helm",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helmaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helmaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*helm#Etymology 2"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*halmaz",
"t": "stalk of a grass or plant; hay, straw"
},
"expansion": "*halmaz (“stalk of a grass or plant; hay, straw”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱelh₂-",
"t": "to prick, stab, stick"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱelh₂- (“to prick, stab, stick”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "yelm"
},
"expansion": "yelm",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "3"
},
"expansion": "³",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "helm",
"t": "haulm"
},
"expansion": "Dutch helm (“haulm”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "helm",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "hellem"
},
"expansion": "hellem",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "hellim",
"t": "straw"
},
"expansion": "hellim (“straw”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "qualifier"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "helm",
"t": "haulm"
},
"expansion": "Low German helm (“haulm”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "hallem"
},
"expansion": "hallem",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Heligoland"
},
"expansion": "(Heligoland)",
"name": "qualifier"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "halm"
},
"expansion": "halm",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Holstein"
},
"expansion": "(Holstein)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The noun is possibly:\n* a variant of haulm; or\n* from its etymon Middle English halm, helm, Early Middle English healm (“straw, stubble; stalk (?); handle of a tool or weapon”) [and other forms], from Old English healm (“stalk of a grass or plant; hay, straw, stubble”) or an unattested variant *helm, from Proto-Germanic *helmaz (see Proto-West Germanic *helm) or *halmaz (“stalk of a grass or plant; hay, straw”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱelh₂- (“to prick, stab, stick”).\nThe verb is either derived from the noun, or is possibly a variant of yelm.\ncognates\n* Dutch helm (“haulm”); helm, hellem, hellim (“straw”) (dialectal)\n* Low German helm (“haulm”) (hallem (Heligoland), halm (Holstein))",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helms",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "helming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "helmed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "helmed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "helm (third-person singular simple present helms, present participle helming, simple past and past participle helmed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To lay out (stalks of corn, or straw) straight to be used for thatching roofs; to yelm."
],
"links": [
[
"lay out",
"lay out"
],
[
"stalks",
"stalk#Noun"
],
[
"corn",
"corn#Noun"
],
[
"straw",
"straw#Noun"
],
[
"straight",
"straight#Adjective"
],
[
"used",
"use#Verb"
],
[
"thatching",
"thatch#Verb"
],
[
"roofs",
"roof#Noun"
],
[
"yelm",
"yelm#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To lay out (stalks of corn, or straw) straight to be used for thatching roofs; to yelm."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hɛlm/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛlm"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-helm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/En-us-helm.ogg/En-us-helm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/En-us-helm.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
},
{
"enpr": "hĕlm"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to lay out (stalks of corn, or straw) straight to be used for thatching roofs — see also yelm",
"word": "levittää"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "nl",
"3": "helm",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Dutch helm",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "nl",
"3": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Dutch helm",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Dutch helm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hèlm",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "helm-helm",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmku",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "helmmu",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "helmnya",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "hèlm",
"pl": "duplication"
},
"expansion": "hèlm (plural helm-helm, first-person possessive helmku, second-person possessive helmmu, third-person possessive helmnya)",
"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Indonesian lemmas",
"Indonesian nouns",
"Indonesian terms borrowed from Dutch",
"Indonesian terms derived from Dutch",
"Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Indonesian terms with redundant script codes"
],
"glosses": [
"helmet (protective head covering)"
],
"links": [
[
"helmet",
"helmet"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈhɛləm]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "Standard Malay",
"word": "hélmét"
},
{
"word": "hèlêm"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*hëlma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *hëlma",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "bat"
},
"expansion": "Baltic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "gem"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "helma"
},
"expansion": "Finnish helma",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *hëlma, borrowed either from Baltic or from Germanic. Cognates include Finnish helma.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "helm",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ludian",
"lang_code": "lud",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Ludian entries with incorrect language header",
"Ludian lemmas",
"Ludian nouns",
"Ludian terms derived from Baltic languages",
"Ludian terms derived from Germanic languages",
"Ludian terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
"Ludian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic"
],
"glosses": [
"hem"
],
"links": [
[
"hem",
"hem"
]
]
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"enm:Armor",
"enm:Headwear"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "English: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: helm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Scots: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: helm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "helm",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Welsh: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Welsh: helm"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old English helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*helm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helmaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helmaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English helm, from Proto-West Germanic *helm, from Proto-Germanic *helmaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helmes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "helm",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl": "helmes",
"pl2": "helmen"
},
"expansion": "helm (plural helmes or helmen)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "helmen"
},
{
"word": "helmet"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(They drew their swords and put on their helms.)\n(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "1275, Layamon's Brut",
"text": "Luken sweord longe, leiden o þe helmen.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"text": "1475, An Apology for Lollard Doctrines, Attributed to Wycliffe\nÞe helm of hel and þe swerd of þe Spirit.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A helmet; a piece of armoured headgear."
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Any kind of protection or safeguarding."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) Any kind of protection or safeguarding."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A soldier; a fighting-man."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative, rare) A soldier; a fighting-man."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses",
"enm:Bible"
],
"glosses": [
"The crown of thorns that Jesus wore."
],
"links": [
[
"biblical",
"Bible"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, biblical) The crown of thorns that Jesus wore."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"topics": [
"biblical",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hɛlm/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "helme"
},
{
"word": "hælm"
},
{
"word": "halm"
},
{
"word": "healm"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"enm:Armor",
"enm:Headwear"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "helm",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "helme"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of helme"
],
"links": [
[
"helme",
"helme#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English masculine a-stem nouns",
"Old English masculine nouns",
"Old English nouns",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "helmet, shield",
"word": "bānhelm"
},
{
"english": "helmet with the image of a boar",
"word": "bārhelm"
},
{
"english": "to cover over",
"word": "behelmian"
},
{
"english": "crown",
"word": "cynehelm"
},
{
"english": "to crown",
"word": "cynehelmian"
},
{
"english": "helmet (with visor)",
"word": "grīmhelm"
},
{
"english": "helmet",
"word": "gūþhelm"
},
{
"word": "hæleþhelm"
},
{
"english": "helmet which makes the wearer invisible",
"word": "heoloþhelm"
},
{
"english": "loftily crested",
"word": "hēahhelm"
},
{
"english": "helmeted warrior",
"word": "helmberend"
},
{
"english": "to cover, crown; provide with a helmet",
"word": "helmian"
},
{
"english": "helmet, cover",
"word": "hilman"
},
{
"english": "iron helmet",
"word": "īrenhelm"
},
{
"english": "leafy at the top",
"word": "lēafhelmig"
},
{
"english": "leathern helmet",
"word": "leþerhelm"
},
{
"english": "air, mist, cloud.",
"word": "lyfthelm"
},
{
"english": "covering of mist",
"word": "misthelm"
},
{
"english": "shades of night.",
"word": "nihthelm"
},
{
"english": "to overshadow",
"word": "oferhelmian"
},
{
"english": "darkness",
"word": "sceaduhelm"
},
{
"english": "covering of water, sea",
"word": "sundhelm"
},
{
"english": "covering of ice",
"word": "wæterhelm"
},
{
"english": "crown of glory",
"word": "wuldorhelm"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: helm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "English: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: helm"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*helm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helmaz",
"4": "",
"5": "helmet"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helmaz (“helmet”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel-",
"4": "",
"5": "to cover, to hide"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, to hide”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old High German helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hjalmr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hjalmr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃 (hilms)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *helm, from Proto-Germanic *helmaz (“helmet”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, to hide”). Compare Old Frisian helm, Old Saxon helm, Old High German helm, Old Norse hjalmr, Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃 (hilms).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "helm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "helm m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "helm m",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "helm"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-a-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "helm",
"2": "helmas",
"3": "helm",
"4": "helmas",
"5": "helmes",
"6": "helma",
"7": "helme",
"8": "helmum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong a-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "helma"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"helmet"
],
"links": [
[
"helmet",
"helmet"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"protection, defense"
],
"links": [
[
"protection",
"protection"
],
[
"defense",
"defense"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"covering, crown"
],
"links": [
[
"covering",
"covering"
],
[
"crown",
"crown"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"summit, top (of trees)"
],
"links": [
[
"summit",
"summit"
],
[
"top",
"top"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"protector, lord"
],
"links": [
[
"protector",
"protector"
],
[
"lord",
"lord"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/xelm/"
},
{
"ipa": "[heɫm]"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "siguhelm"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: helm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Helm"
},
"expansion": "German: Helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Helm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "hełm"
},
"expansion": "Polish: hełm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: hełm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Helm"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: Helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: Helm"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*helm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helmaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helmaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old English helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hjalmr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hjalmr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃 (hilms)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *helm, from Proto-Germanic *helmaz. Compare Old Saxon helm, Old English helm, Old Norse hjalmr, Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃 (hilms).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "helm m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "helm m",
"name": "goh-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old High German entries with incorrect language header",
"Old High German lemmas",
"Old High German masculine nouns",
"Old High German nouns",
"Old High German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old High German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old High German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old High German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic"
],
"glosses": [
"helmet"
],
"links": [
[
"helmet",
"helmet"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine a-stem nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "helmōn"
},
{
"word": "hilmijan"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old English: helm\nMiddle English: helm\nEnglish: helm",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: helm\nMiddle English: helm\nEnglish: helm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: helm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Hälm"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Hälm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Hälm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: helm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: helm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: helm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Helm"
},
"expansion": "Low German: Helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: Helm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: helm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: helm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: helm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: helm\nMiddle High German: helm\nGerman: Helm\nPolish: hełm\nLuxembourgish: Helm",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: helm\nMiddle High German: helm\nGerman: Helm\nPolish: hełm\nLuxembourgish: Helm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "helmus",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin: helmus",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "8th century, Reichenau Glossary"
},
"expansion": "[8th century, Reichenau Glossary]",
"name": "defdate"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin: helmus [8th century, Reichenau Glossary] (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*šelmъ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Slavic: *šelmъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Slavic: *šelmъ (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helmaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helmaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *helmaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "helm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*helm m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/helm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"gmw-pro:Armor"
],
"glosses": [
"helmet"
],
"links": [
[
"helmet",
"helmet"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine a-stem nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*helm"
},
"expansion": "Old English: *helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: *helm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: helm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "helm",
"id": "stalk",
"t": "stalk, haulm; bentgrass"
},
"expansion": "English: helm (“stalk, haulm; bentgrass”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: helm (“stalk, haulm; bentgrass”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*helm"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *helm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "*helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: *helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: *helm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: helm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "helm",
"t": "sedge; marram grass"
},
"expansion": "Low German: helm (“sedge; marram grass”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: helm (“sedge; marram grass”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "hjælme",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: hjælme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: hjælme"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hjálmur",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Icelandic: hjálmur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Icelandic: hjálmur"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helmaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helmaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*halmaz",
"3": "",
"4": "haulm, straw, hay; stalk"
},
"expansion": "*halmaz (“haulm, straw, hay; stalk”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*halm"
},
"expansion": "*halm",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ḱélh₂m̥ ~ *ḱl̥h₂mós"
},
"expansion": "*ḱélh₂m̥ ~ *ḱl̥h₂mós",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kélmas",
"3": "",
"4": "tree trunk"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kélmas (“tree trunk”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*halmaz"
},
"expansion": "*halmaz",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "culmus"
},
"expansion": "Latin culmus",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*sòlma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *sòlma",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "sal̃ms"
},
"expansion": "Latvian sal̃ms",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ḱolh₂-m-"
},
"expansion": "*ḱolh₂-m-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-mos",
"3": "*-(ó)-mos"
},
"expansion": "*-(ó)-mos",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ḱelh₂-",
"3": "",
"4": "to prick, stab; straw, reed"
},
"expansion": "*ḱelh₂- (“to prick, stab; straw, reed”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *helmaz, related to *halmaz (“haulm, straw, hay; stalk”) (whence *halm). The ablaut points to an older athematic paradigm in Proto-Indo-European, according to Kroonen probably *ḱélh₂m̥ ~ *ḱl̥h₂mós; compare Lithuanian kélmas (“tree trunk”). The o-grade in *halmaz and cognates such as Latin culmus, Proto-Slavic *sòlma and Latvian sal̃ms may have come either from an accusative stem *ḱolh₂-m- or by analogy with the thematic suffix *-(ó)-mos. In any case ultimately from the root *ḱelh₂- (“to prick, stab; straw, reed”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "helm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*helm m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/helm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "halm"
},
{
"word": "? *helmō"
},
{
"english": "rudder, tiller; helm (of a boat)",
"word": "halmō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"gmw-pro:Grasses",
"gmw-pro:Sedges"
],
"glosses": [
"a reedy grass that dries as hollow stalks: bentgrass (genus Agrostis or Ammophila); sedge"
],
"links": [
[
"reedy",
"reedy"
],
[
"grass",
"grass"
],
[
"bentgrass",
"bentgrass"
],
[
"Agrostis",
"Agrostis#Translingual"
],
[
"Ammophila",
"Ammophila#Translingual"
],
[
"sedge",
"sedge"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Synonym of *halm (“stalk, haulm, straw”)"
],
"links": [
[
"*halm",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/halm"
],
[
"stalk",
"stalk"
],
[
"haulm",
"haulm"
],
[
"straw",
"straw"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "stalk, haulm, straw",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "halm"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "enm",
"3": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle English helm",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English helm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helmau",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "helmau"
},
"expansion": "helm f (plural helmau, not mutable)",
"name": "cy-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Welsh countable nouns",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh feminine nouns",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh non-mutable terms",
"Welsh nouns",
"Welsh terms borrowed from Middle English",
"Welsh terms derived from Middle English",
"cy:Headwear"
],
"glosses": [
"helmet"
],
"links": [
[
"helmet",
"helmet"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "helmed"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"not-mutable"
]
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.