See helm in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for helm meaning in Middle English (4.8kB)
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Armor",
"orig": "enm:Armor",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "English: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: helm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Scots: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: helm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "helm",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Welsh: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Welsh: helm"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old English helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*helm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helmaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helmaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English helm, from Proto-West Germanic *helm, from Proto-Germanic *helmaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helmes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "helm",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl": "helmes",
"pl2": "helmen"
},
"expansion": "helm (plural helmes or helmen)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "helmen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "helmet"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "64 12 12 8 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Headwear",
"orig": "enm:Headwear",
"parents": [
"Clothing",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(They drew their swords and put on their helms.)\n(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "1275, Layamon's Brut",
"text": "Luken sweord longe, leiden o þe helmen.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"text": "1475, An Apology for Lollard Doctrines, Attributed to Wycliffe\nÞe helm of hel and þe swerd of þe Spirit.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A helmet; a piece of armoured headgear."
],
"id": "en-helm-enm-noun-PABxtrbt"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 60 8 17 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 65 8 15 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 65 7 14 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any kind of protection or safeguarding."
],
"id": "en-helm-enm-noun-8TMeodw3",
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) Any kind of protection or safeguarding."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A soldier; a fighting-man."
],
"id": "en-helm-enm-noun-TUfFKNWA",
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative, rare) A soldier; a fighting-man."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Bible",
"orig": "enm:Bible",
"parents": [
"Books",
"Christianity",
"Judaism",
"Literature",
"Mass media",
"Abrahamism",
"Culture",
"Entertainment",
"Writing",
"Media",
"Religion",
"Society",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The crown of thorns that Jesus wore."
],
"id": "en-helm-enm-noun-aiLrAzSt",
"links": [
[
"biblical",
"Bible"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, biblical) The crown of thorns that Jesus wore."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"topics": [
"biblical",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hɛlm/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "helme"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "hælm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "halm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "healm"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Armor",
"orig": "enm:Armor",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "helm",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "helme"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of helme"
],
"id": "en-helm-enm-noun-DYlkvbVb",
"links": [
[
"helme",
"helme#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"enm:Armor",
"enm:Headwear"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "English: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: helm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Scots: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: helm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "helm",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Welsh: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Welsh: helm"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old English helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*helm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helmaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helmaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English helm, from Proto-West Germanic *helm, from Proto-Germanic *helmaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helmes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "helm",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl": "helmes",
"pl2": "helmen"
},
"expansion": "helm (plural helmes or helmen)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "helmen"
},
{
"word": "helmet"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(They drew their swords and put on their helms.)\n(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "1275, Layamon's Brut",
"text": "Luken sweord longe, leiden o þe helmen.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"text": "1475, An Apology for Lollard Doctrines, Attributed to Wycliffe\nÞe helm of hel and þe swerd of þe Spirit.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A helmet; a piece of armoured headgear."
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Any kind of protection or safeguarding."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) Any kind of protection or safeguarding."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A soldier; a fighting-man."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative, rare) A soldier; a fighting-man."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses",
"enm:Bible"
],
"glosses": [
"The crown of thorns that Jesus wore."
],
"links": [
[
"biblical",
"Bible"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, biblical) The crown of thorns that Jesus wore."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"topics": [
"biblical",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hɛlm/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "helme"
},
{
"word": "hælm"
},
{
"word": "halm"
},
{
"word": "healm"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"enm:Armor",
"enm:Headwear"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "helm",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "helme"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of helme"
],
"links": [
[
"helme",
"helme#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (1d5a7d1 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.