See helm in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "English: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: helm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Scots: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: helm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "helm",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Welsh: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Welsh: helm"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old English helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*helm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helmaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helmaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English helm, from Proto-West Germanic *helm, from Proto-Germanic *helmaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helmes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
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"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "helm",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl": "helmes",
"pl2": "helmen"
},
"expansion": "helm (plural helmes or helmen)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "helmen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "helmet"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 15 14 21 7 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Armor",
"orig": "enm:Armor",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 12 10 9 7 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Headwear",
"orig": "enm:Headwear",
"parents": [
"Clothing",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "They drew their long swords and put on their helms.",
"ref": "1275, Layamon’s Brut:",
"text": "Luken sweord longe, leiden o þe helmen.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "The helmet of salvation, and the sword of the Spirit.",
"roman": "Þe helm of hel and þe swerd of þe Spirit.",
"text": "1475, An Apology for Lollard Doctrines, Attributed to Wycliffe, quoting Ephesians 6:17",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A helmet; a piece of armoured headgear."
],
"id": "en-helm-enm-noun-PABxtrbt"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 37 6 19 17 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any kind of protection or safeguarding."
],
"id": "en-helm-enm-noun-8TMeodw3",
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) Any kind of protection or safeguarding."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A soldier; a fighting-man."
],
"id": "en-helm-enm-noun-TUfFKNWA",
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative, rare) A soldier; a fighting-man."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Bible",
"orig": "enm:Bible",
"parents": [
"Books",
"Christianity",
"Judaism",
"Literature",
"Mass media",
"Abrahamism",
"Culture",
"Entertainment",
"Writing",
"Media",
"Religion",
"Society",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The crown of thorns that Jesus wore."
],
"id": "en-helm-enm-noun-aiLrAzSt",
"links": [
[
"biblical",
"Bible"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, biblical) The crown of thorns that Jesus wore."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"topics": [
"biblical",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hɛlm/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "helme"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "hælm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "halm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "healm"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
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"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "helm",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "elm"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of elm"
],
"id": "en-helm-enm-noun-TJaAkGLv",
"links": [
[
"elm",
"elm#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "helm",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "helme"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of helme"
],
"id": "en-helm-enm-noun-DYlkvbVb",
"links": [
[
"helme",
"helme#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Armor",
"enm:Headwear"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "English: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: helm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Scots: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: helm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "helm",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Welsh: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Welsh: helm"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old English helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*helm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helmaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helmaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English helm, from Proto-West Germanic *helm, from Proto-Germanic *helmaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helmes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "helm",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl": "helmes",
"pl2": "helmen"
},
"expansion": "helm (plural helmes or helmen)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "helmen"
},
{
"word": "helmet"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "They drew their long swords and put on their helms.",
"ref": "1275, Layamon’s Brut:",
"text": "Luken sweord longe, leiden o þe helmen.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "The helmet of salvation, and the sword of the Spirit.",
"roman": "Þe helm of hel and þe swerd of þe Spirit.",
"text": "1475, An Apology for Lollard Doctrines, Attributed to Wycliffe, quoting Ephesians 6:17",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A helmet; a piece of armoured headgear."
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Any kind of protection or safeguarding."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) Any kind of protection or safeguarding."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A soldier; a fighting-man."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative, rare) A soldier; a fighting-man."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses",
"enm:Bible"
],
"glosses": [
"The crown of thorns that Jesus wore."
],
"links": [
[
"biblical",
"Bible"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, biblical) The crown of thorns that Jesus wore."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"topics": [
"biblical",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hɛlm/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "helme"
},
{
"word": "hælm"
},
{
"word": "halm"
},
{
"word": "healm"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Armor",
"enm:Headwear"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "helm",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "elm"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of elm"
],
"links": [
[
"elm",
"elm#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Armor",
"enm:Headwear"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "helm",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "helme"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of helme"
],
"links": [
[
"helme",
"helme#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
Download raw JSONL data for helm meaning in Middle English (4.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.