See helm in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for helm meaning in Old English (5.7kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "helmet, shield",
"word": "bānhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "helmet with the image of a boar",
"word": "bārhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "to cover over",
"word": "behelmian"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "crown",
"word": "cynehelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "to crown",
"word": "cynehelmian"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "helmet (with visor)",
"word": "grīmhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "helmet",
"word": "gūþhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hæleþhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "helmet which makes the wearer invisible",
"word": "heoloþhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "loftily crested",
"word": "hēahhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "helmeted warrior",
"word": "helmberend"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "to cover, crown; provide with a helmet",
"word": "helmian"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "helmet, cover",
"word": "hilman"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "iron helmet",
"word": "īrenhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "leafy at the top",
"word": "lēafhelmig"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "leathern helmet",
"word": "leþerhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "air, mist, cloud.",
"word": "lyfthelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "covering of mist",
"word": "misthelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "shades of night.",
"word": "nihthelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "to overshadow",
"word": "oferhelmian"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "darkness",
"word": "sceaduhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "covering of water, sea",
"word": "sundhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "covering of ice",
"word": "wæterhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "crown of glory",
"word": "wuldorhelm"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: helm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "English: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: helm"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*helm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helmaz",
"4": "",
"5": "helmet"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helmaz (“helmet”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel-",
"4": "",
"5": "to cover, to hide"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, to hide”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old High German helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hjalmr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hjalmr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃 (hilms)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *helm, from Proto-Germanic *helmaz (“helmet”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, to hide”). Compare Old Frisian helm, Old Saxon helm, Old High German helm, Old Norse hjalmr, Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃 (hilms).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "helm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "helm m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "helm m",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "helm"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-a-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "helm",
"2": "helmas",
"3": "helm",
"4": "helmas",
"5": "helmes",
"6": "helma",
"7": "helme",
"8": "helmum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong a-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "helma"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"helmet"
],
"id": "en-helm-ang-noun-EVWEhgzV",
"links": [
[
"helmet",
"helmet"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"protection, defense"
],
"id": "en-helm-ang-noun-qt0ttfss",
"links": [
[
"protection",
"protection"
],
[
"defense",
"defense"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"covering, crown"
],
"id": "en-helm-ang-noun-x9dC93Nd",
"links": [
[
"covering",
"covering"
],
[
"crown",
"crown"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"summit, top (of trees)"
],
"id": "en-helm-ang-noun-60JThHHc",
"links": [
[
"summit",
"summit"
],
[
"top",
"top"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 25 15 22 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"protector, lord"
],
"id": "en-helm-ang-noun-MQcbBUqA",
"links": [
[
"protector",
"protector"
],
[
"lord",
"lord"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/xelm/"
},
{
"ipa": "[heɫm]"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English masculine a-stem nouns",
"Old English masculine nouns",
"Old English nouns",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "helmet, shield",
"word": "bānhelm"
},
{
"english": "helmet with the image of a boar",
"word": "bārhelm"
},
{
"english": "to cover over",
"word": "behelmian"
},
{
"english": "crown",
"word": "cynehelm"
},
{
"english": "to crown",
"word": "cynehelmian"
},
{
"english": "helmet (with visor)",
"word": "grīmhelm"
},
{
"english": "helmet",
"word": "gūþhelm"
},
{
"word": "hæleþhelm"
},
{
"english": "helmet which makes the wearer invisible",
"word": "heoloþhelm"
},
{
"english": "loftily crested",
"word": "hēahhelm"
},
{
"english": "helmeted warrior",
"word": "helmberend"
},
{
"english": "to cover, crown; provide with a helmet",
"word": "helmian"
},
{
"english": "helmet, cover",
"word": "hilman"
},
{
"english": "iron helmet",
"word": "īrenhelm"
},
{
"english": "leafy at the top",
"word": "lēafhelmig"
},
{
"english": "leathern helmet",
"word": "leþerhelm"
},
{
"english": "air, mist, cloud.",
"word": "lyfthelm"
},
{
"english": "covering of mist",
"word": "misthelm"
},
{
"english": "shades of night.",
"word": "nihthelm"
},
{
"english": "to overshadow",
"word": "oferhelmian"
},
{
"english": "darkness",
"word": "sceaduhelm"
},
{
"english": "covering of water, sea",
"word": "sundhelm"
},
{
"english": "covering of ice",
"word": "wæterhelm"
},
{
"english": "crown of glory",
"word": "wuldorhelm"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: helm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "English: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: helm"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*helm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helmaz",
"4": "",
"5": "helmet"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helmaz (“helmet”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel-",
"4": "",
"5": "to cover, to hide"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, to hide”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old High German helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hjalmr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hjalmr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃 (hilms)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *helm, from Proto-Germanic *helmaz (“helmet”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, to hide”). Compare Old Frisian helm, Old Saxon helm, Old High German helm, Old Norse hjalmr, Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃 (hilms).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "helm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "helm m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "helm m",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "helm"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-a-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "helm",
"2": "helmas",
"3": "helm",
"4": "helmas",
"5": "helmes",
"6": "helma",
"7": "helme",
"8": "helmum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong a-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "helma"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"helmet"
],
"links": [
[
"helmet",
"helmet"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"protection, defense"
],
"links": [
[
"protection",
"protection"
],
[
"defense",
"defense"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"covering, crown"
],
"links": [
[
"covering",
"covering"
],
[
"crown",
"crown"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"summit, top (of trees)"
],
"links": [
[
"summit",
"summit"
],
[
"top",
"top"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"protector, lord"
],
"links": [
[
"protector",
"protector"
],
[
"lord",
"lord"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/xelm/"
},
{
"ipa": "[heɫm]"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.