See helm in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "helmet, shield",
"word": "bānhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "helmet with the image of a boar",
"word": "bārhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "to cover over",
"word": "behelmian"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "crown",
"word": "cynehelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "to crown",
"word": "cynehelmian"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "helmet (with visor)",
"word": "grīmhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "helmet",
"word": "gūþhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hæleþhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "helmet which makes the wearer invisible",
"word": "heoloþhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "loftily crested",
"word": "hēahhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "helmeted warrior",
"word": "helmberend"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "to cover, crown; provide with a helmet",
"word": "helmian"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "helmet, cover",
"word": "hilman"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "iron helmet",
"word": "īrenhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "leafy at the top",
"word": "lēafhelmig"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "leathern helmet",
"word": "leþerhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "air, mist, cloud.",
"word": "lyfthelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "covering of mist",
"word": "misthelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "shades of night.",
"word": "nihthelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "to overshadow",
"word": "oferhelmian"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "darkness",
"word": "sceaduhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "covering of water, sea",
"word": "sundhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "covering of ice",
"word": "wæterhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "crown of glory",
"word": "wuldorhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Ælfhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Baldhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Burghelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Cynehelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Dæġhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Ēadhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Ealdhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Hēahhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Helmþrȳþ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Helmwald"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Nōþhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Siġehelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Swīþhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Tīdhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Torhthelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Wealdhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Wiġhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Wynhelm"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: helm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "English: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: helm"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*helm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helmaz",
"4": "",
"5": "helmet"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helmaz (“helmet”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel-",
"4": "",
"5": "to cover, to hide"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, to hide”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old High German helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hjalmr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hjalmr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃 (hilms)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *helm, from Proto-Germanic *helmaz (“helmet”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, to hide”). Compare Old Frisian helm, Old Saxon helm, Old High German helm, Old Norse hjalmr, Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃 (hilms).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "helm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "helm m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "helm m",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "helm"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-a-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "helm",
"2": "helmas",
"3": "helm",
"4": "helmas",
"5": "helmes",
"6": "helma",
"7": "helme",
"8": "helmum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong a-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "helma"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "41 3 12 7 37",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ang",
"name": "Headwear",
"orig": "ang:Headwear",
"parents": [
"Clothing",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Then the bold Martinus answered the emperor \"I will go fearlessly through the army, armed with a crucifix, not with a red shield, nor with a heavy helmet, nor a hard corselet.\" So the heathen king ordered that Martinus be held so he could be thrown unarmed into the army. But the Savior would not abandon his servant, and in the morning soon pacified the people so that they submitted to the emperor's scepter.",
"text": "Homilies of the Anglo-Saxon Church\nĐā andwyrde Martinus unforht ðām cāsere, \"Iċ wille ðurhgān orsorh ðone here, mid rōde tācne ġewǣpnod, nā mid rēadum sċylde, oððe mid hefeġum helme, oððe heardre byrnan.\" Đa hēt sē hǣðena cyning healdan Martinum, þæt hē wurde āworpen unġewǣpnod ðām here. Þā nolde sē Hǣlend his ðeġen forlǣtan, ac ġesibbode þæt folc sōna þǣs on merien, þæt hī tō þǣs cāseres cyneġyrde ġebugon.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"helmet"
],
"id": "en-helm-ang-noun-EVWEhgzV",
"links": [
[
"helmet",
"helmet"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"protection, defense"
],
"id": "en-helm-ang-noun-qt0ttfss",
"links": [
[
"protection",
"protection"
],
[
"defense",
"defense"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "41 3 12 7 37",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ang",
"name": "Headwear",
"orig": "ang:Headwear",
"parents": [
"Clothing",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"covering, crown"
],
"id": "en-helm-ang-noun-x9dC93Nd",
"links": [
[
"covering",
"covering"
],
[
"crown",
"crown"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"summit, top (of trees)"
],
"id": "en-helm-ang-noun-60JThHHc",
"links": [
[
"summit",
"summit"
],
[
"top",
"top"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 3 20 28 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 3 12 7 37",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ang",
"name": "Headwear",
"orig": "ang:Headwear",
"parents": [
"Clothing",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"protector, lord"
],
"id": "en-helm-ang-noun-MQcbBUqA",
"links": [
[
"protector",
"protector"
],
[
"lord",
"lord"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/xelm/"
},
{
"ipa": "[heɫm]"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English masculine a-stem nouns",
"Old English masculine nouns",
"Old English nouns",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ang:Headwear"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "helmet, shield",
"word": "bānhelm"
},
{
"english": "helmet with the image of a boar",
"word": "bārhelm"
},
{
"english": "to cover over",
"word": "behelmian"
},
{
"english": "crown",
"word": "cynehelm"
},
{
"english": "to crown",
"word": "cynehelmian"
},
{
"english": "helmet (with visor)",
"word": "grīmhelm"
},
{
"english": "helmet",
"word": "gūþhelm"
},
{
"word": "hæleþhelm"
},
{
"english": "helmet which makes the wearer invisible",
"word": "heoloþhelm"
},
{
"english": "loftily crested",
"word": "hēahhelm"
},
{
"english": "helmeted warrior",
"word": "helmberend"
},
{
"english": "to cover, crown; provide with a helmet",
"word": "helmian"
},
{
"english": "helmet, cover",
"word": "hilman"
},
{
"english": "iron helmet",
"word": "īrenhelm"
},
{
"english": "leafy at the top",
"word": "lēafhelmig"
},
{
"english": "leathern helmet",
"word": "leþerhelm"
},
{
"english": "air, mist, cloud.",
"word": "lyfthelm"
},
{
"english": "covering of mist",
"word": "misthelm"
},
{
"english": "shades of night.",
"word": "nihthelm"
},
{
"english": "to overshadow",
"word": "oferhelmian"
},
{
"english": "darkness",
"word": "sceaduhelm"
},
{
"english": "covering of water, sea",
"word": "sundhelm"
},
{
"english": "covering of ice",
"word": "wæterhelm"
},
{
"english": "crown of glory",
"word": "wuldorhelm"
},
{
"word": "Ælfhelm"
},
{
"word": "Baldhelm"
},
{
"word": "Burghelm"
},
{
"word": "Cynehelm"
},
{
"word": "Dæġhelm"
},
{
"word": "Ēadhelm"
},
{
"word": "Ealdhelm"
},
{
"word": "Hēahhelm"
},
{
"word": "Helmþrȳþ"
},
{
"word": "Helmwald"
},
{
"word": "Nōþhelm"
},
{
"word": "Siġehelm"
},
{
"word": "Swīþhelm"
},
{
"word": "Tīdhelm"
},
{
"word": "Torhthelm"
},
{
"word": "Wealdhelm"
},
{
"word": "Wiġhelm"
},
{
"word": "Wynhelm"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: helm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "English: helm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: helm"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*helm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *helm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helmaz",
"4": "",
"5": "helmet"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helmaz (“helmet”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel-",
"4": "",
"5": "to cover, to hide"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, to hide”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "helm"
},
"expansion": "Old High German helm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hjalmr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hjalmr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃 (hilms)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *helm, from Proto-Germanic *helmaz (“helmet”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, to hide”). Compare Old Frisian helm, Old Saxon helm, Old High German helm, Old Norse hjalmr, Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃 (hilms).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "helm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "helm m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "helm m",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "helm"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-a-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "helm",
"2": "helmas",
"3": "helm",
"4": "helmas",
"5": "helmes",
"6": "helma",
"7": "helme",
"8": "helmum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong a-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "helma"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Then the bold Martinus answered the emperor \"I will go fearlessly through the army, armed with a crucifix, not with a red shield, nor with a heavy helmet, nor a hard corselet.\" So the heathen king ordered that Martinus be held so he could be thrown unarmed into the army. But the Savior would not abandon his servant, and in the morning soon pacified the people so that they submitted to the emperor's scepter.",
"text": "Homilies of the Anglo-Saxon Church\nĐā andwyrde Martinus unforht ðām cāsere, \"Iċ wille ðurhgān orsorh ðone here, mid rōde tācne ġewǣpnod, nā mid rēadum sċylde, oððe mid hefeġum helme, oððe heardre byrnan.\" Đa hēt sē hǣðena cyning healdan Martinum, þæt hē wurde āworpen unġewǣpnod ðām here. Þā nolde sē Hǣlend his ðeġen forlǣtan, ac ġesibbode þæt folc sōna þǣs on merien, þæt hī tō þǣs cāseres cyneġyrde ġebugon.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"helmet"
],
"links": [
[
"helmet",
"helmet"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"protection, defense"
],
"links": [
[
"protection",
"protection"
],
[
"defense",
"defense"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"covering, crown"
],
"links": [
[
"covering",
"covering"
],
[
"crown",
"crown"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"summit, top (of trees)"
],
"links": [
[
"summit",
"summit"
],
[
"top",
"top"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"protector, lord"
],
"links": [
[
"protector",
"protector"
],
[
"lord",
"lord"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/xelm/"
},
{
"ipa": "[heɫm]"
}
],
"word": "helm"
}
Download raw JSONL data for helm meaning in Old English (6.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-03 using wiktextract (74c5344 and fb63907). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.