See surface in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for surface meaning in English (36.9kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "air-to-surface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "air-to-surface missile"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Alfven surface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Alfvén surface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "antisurface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "archaeosurface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "below the surface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "beneath the surface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Catalan surface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "caustic surface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cavosurface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "control surface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "countersurface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "datum surface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "desurface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "detectable warning surface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "developable surface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Earth Surface Person"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "eigensurface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "equipotential surface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ergosurface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "faying surface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Fermi surface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Fréchet surface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Gaussian surface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "heating surface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Hurwitz surface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "hypersurface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "intersurface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "isosurface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "land-surface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "lateral surface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "metasurface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "microsurface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "midsurface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "minimal surface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Morin surface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "multisurface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "nanosurface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "near-surface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "nonsurface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "on the surface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "overspray surface texture"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "palaeosurface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "paleosurface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "pseudosurface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "resurface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Riemann surface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "scratch below the surface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "scratch beneath the surface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "scratch the surface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "sea-surface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Seifert surface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "streamsurface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "sub-surface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "subsurface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "subway-surface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surfaceable"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surface-active"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surface analysis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surface area"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surface boundary layer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surface car"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surface clutter"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surface combatant"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surface-conduction electron-emitter display"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surface discharge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surface energy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surface etymology"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surface finish"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surface gravity"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surface integral"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surface layer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surfaceless"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surface-level"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surface lift"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surfacely"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surface mail"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surfaceman"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surface-mount"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surface mount"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surface mounted"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surface mounted technology"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surface mount technology"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surface-mount technology"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surface normal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surface of revolution"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surfaceome"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surface plasmon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surface quality"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surfacer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surface runoff"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surface ship"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surface street"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surface-supplied diving"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surface tension"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surface-to-air"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surface-to-air missile"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surface-to-surface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surface-to-surface missile"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surfaceward"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surfacewards"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surface water"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surface Web"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surface web"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surfacic"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surfacism"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surfacy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surfel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surfome"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "tactile ground surface indicator"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "tactile walking surface indicator"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "undersurface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "under the surface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "worksurface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "work surface"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "surface"
},
"expansion": "French surface",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "superficies"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of superficies",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French surface. Doublet of superficies.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "surfaces",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "surface (plural surfaces)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surficial"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2020 June 1, DarkSky International, Five Principles for Responsible Outdoor Lighting",
"text": "Use the lowest light level required. Be mindful of surface conditions, as some surfaces may reflect more light into the night sky than was intended.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The overside or up-side of a flat object such as a table, or of a liquid."
],
"id": "en-surface-en-noun-XC8vTvMB",
"links": [
[
"overside",
"overside"
],
[
"flat",
"flat"
],
[
"object",
"object"
],
[
"table",
"table"
],
[
"liquid",
"liquid"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "oppervlak"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "syprinë"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sipërfaqe"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "saṭḥ",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "سَطْح"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "makerewuytʻ",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "մակերեւույթ"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "makeres",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "մակերես"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "superficie"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "səth"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "üzəri"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pavjérxnja",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "паве́рхня"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gorreenn"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "povǎ́rhnost",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "повъ́рхност"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "superfície"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "biu² min⁶",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "表面"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "hak",
"lang": "Hakka Chinese",
"roman": "péu-mien",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "表面"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "zh-min-nan",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "表面"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "biǎomiàn",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "表面"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "nci",
"lang": "Classical Nahuatl",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "īxtli"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "povrch"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "overflade"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "oppervlakte"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "oppervlak"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "surfaco"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "pinta"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "surface"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "superficie"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "zedaṗiri",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "ზედაპირი"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Oberfläche"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "epifáneia",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "επιφάνεια"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "epipolḗ",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ἐπιπολή"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "mba",
"lang": "Higaonon",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "taglutaw"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "felszín"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "surfaco"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "permukaan"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dreach"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "superficie"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"alt": "ひょうめん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hyōmen",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "表面"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "bet",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "бет"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "üst",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "үст"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"alt": "表面",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "pyomyeon",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "표면"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "lad",
"lang": "Ladino",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "sovrefaz"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vierss"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "superficiēs"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "virsma"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "paviršius"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "danga"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "površina",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "површина"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "permukaan"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "uparitalaṁ",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "ഉപരിതലം"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "mi",
"english": "refers to liquids",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "kārewa"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "mata"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"note": "of a liquid",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "karetai"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "kahu"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "talbaj",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "талбай"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "overflate"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"note": "of a road",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "dekke"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "overflate"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"note": "of a road",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "dekke"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "superficia"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brādnes"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "powierzchnia"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "superfície"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "suprafață"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "povérxnostʹ",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пове́рхность"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "pratīka",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "प्रतीक"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "по̏вршина"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "pȍvršina"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "si",
"lang": "Sinhalese",
"roman": "matupiṭa",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "මතුපිට"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "povrch"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "površina"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "superficie"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "yta"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "dayag"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "karayagan"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "uparitalaṁ",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "ఉపరితలం"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "pʉ́ʉn-pǐu",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "พื้นผิว"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "txb",
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "ānte"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "yüzey"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "povérxnja",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пове́рхня"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "bet",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "بەت"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "mặt"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "bề mặt"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "arwyneb"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 1 12",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "oybnoyf",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "אויבנאויף"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2013 May 11, “The climate of Tibet: Pole-land”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8835, page 80",
"text": "Of all the transitions brought about on the Earth’s surface by temperature change, the melting of ice into water is the starkest. It is binary. And for the land beneath, the air above and the life around, it changes everything.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2013 July 20, “Welcome to the plastisphere”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845",
"text": "[The researchers] noticed many of their pieces of [plastic marine] debris sported surface pits around two microns across.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The outside hull of a tangible object."
],
"id": "en-surface-en-noun-QJvlTBGs",
"links": [
[
"outside",
"outside"
],
[
"hull",
"hull"
],
[
"tangible",
"tangible"
],
[
"object",
"object"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 93 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "outside hull of a tangible object",
"word": "pinta"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 93 2 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "outside hull of a tangible object",
"word": "felület"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 93 2 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "outside hull of a tangible object",
"word": "felszín"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "On the surface, the spy looked like a typical businessman.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1782, Vicesimus Knox, “On knowing the world at an early age”, in Liberal education: […], 4th edition, London: Charles Dilly […], pages 393–394",
"text": "Such characters as have nothing but external accompliſhments to recommend them, may indeed be greatly admired and approved by vain and weak underſtandings, which penetrate no deeper than the ſurface; but they are deſpiſed by all the truly ſenſible, and pitied by all the truly good.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Outward or external appearance."
],
"id": "en-surface-en-noun-MyH9rT-p",
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) Outward or external appearance."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 96 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vǎnšnost",
"sense": "outward or external appearance",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "външност"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 96 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "outward or external appearance",
"word": "pintapuoli"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 96 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "outward or external appearance",
"word": "felszín"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 96 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "outward or external appearance",
"word": "kinézet"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 96 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "outward or external appearance",
"word": "látszat"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Geometry",
"orig": "en:Geometry",
"parents": [
"Mathematics",
"Formal sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Mathematics",
"orig": "en:Mathematics",
"parents": [
"Formal sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Surfaces",
"orig": "en:Surfaces",
"parents": [
"Shapes",
"Geometry",
"Mathematics",
"Formal sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The locus of an equation (especially one with exactly two degrees of freedom) in a more-than-two-dimensional space."
],
"id": "en-surface-en-noun-X3LXDNP0",
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"geometry",
"geometry"
],
[
"locus",
"locus"
],
[
"equation",
"equation"
],
[
"degrees of freedom",
"degree of freedom"
],
[
"space",
"space"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mathematics, geometry) The locus of an equation (especially one with exactly two degrees of freedom) in a more-than-two-dimensional space."
],
"topics": [
"geometry",
"mathematics",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 3 5 89",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "saṭḥ",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "سَطْح"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 5 89",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "makerewuytʻ",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"word": "մակերեւույթ"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 5 89",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"word": "səth"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 5 89",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"word": "gainazal"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 5 89",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "povǎrhnost",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "повърхност"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 5 89",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "superfície"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 5 89",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "plocha"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 5 89",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"word": "oppervlak"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 5 89",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"word": "surfaco"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 5 89",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"word": "pinta"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 5 89",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "surface"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 5 89",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Fläche"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 5 89",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "yfirborð"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 5 89",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dromchla"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 5 89",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "superficie"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 5 89",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "bet",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"word": "бет"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 5 89",
"alt": "曲面",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gongmyeon",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"word": "곡면"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 5 89",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "virsma"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 5 89",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "paviršius"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 5 89",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "superfícia"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 5 89",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "powierzchnia"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 5 89",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"word": "suprafață"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 5 89",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "poverxnostʹ",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "поверхность"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 5 89",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ploskev"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 5 89",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "yta"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 5 89",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"word": "yüzey"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 5 89",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "poverxnja",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "поверхня"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 5 89",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"word": "mặt"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɜːfɪs/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɝːfəs/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-surface.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/29/En-us-surface.ogg/En-us-surface.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/En-us-surface.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "overside"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "superfice"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"surface"
],
"word": "surface"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "surface"
},
"expansion": "French surface",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "superficies"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of superficies",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French surface. Doublet of superficies.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "surfaces",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surfacing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "surfaced",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "surfaced",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "surface (third-person singular simple present surfaces, present participle surfacing, simple past and past participle surfaced)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To provide something with a surface."
],
"id": "en-surface-en-verb-bhdAfZvZ",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To provide something with a surface."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The crew surfaced the road with bitumen.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To apply a surface to something."
],
"id": "en-surface-en-verb-hbuI0YPq",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To apply a surface to something."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 92 0 1 2 1 1 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to apply a surface to something",
"word": "burkol"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 92 0 1 2 1 1 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to apply a surface to something",
"word": "beburkol"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "There was great relief when the missing diver finally surfaced.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To rise to the surface."
],
"id": "en-surface-en-verb-9Io2jqz8",
"links": [
[
"rise",
"rise"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To rise to the surface."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 87 9 0 0 0 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pokazvam se na povǎrhnostta",
"sense": "to rise to the surface",
"word": "показвам се на повърхността"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 87 9 0 0 0 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to rise to the surface",
"word": "opduiken"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 87 9 0 0 0 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to rise to the surface",
"word": "boven water komen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 87 9 0 0 0 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to rise to the surface",
"word": "aan de oppervlakte brengen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 87 9 0 0 0 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to rise to the surface",
"word": "nousta pintaan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 87 9 0 0 0 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to rise to the surface",
"word": "nousta pinnalle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 87 9 0 0 0 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to rise to the surface",
"word": "pintautua"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 87 9 0 0 0 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to rise to the surface",
"word": "faire surface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 87 9 0 0 0 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to rise to the surface",
"word": "auftauchen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 87 9 0 0 0 4",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "anadýomai",
"sense": "to rise to the surface",
"word": "αναδύομαι"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 87 9 0 0 0 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to rise to the surface",
"word": "felszínre jön/emelkedik"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 87 9 0 0 0 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to rise to the surface",
"word": "felbukkan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 87 9 0 0 0 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to rise to the surface",
"word": "előbukkan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 87 9 0 0 0 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to rise to the surface",
"word": "felmerül"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 87 9 0 0 0 4",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to rise to the surface",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "uachtar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 87 9 0 0 0 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to rise to the surface",
"word": "venire a galla"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 87 9 0 0 0 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to rise to the surface",
"word": "emergere"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 87 9 0 0 0 4",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"note": "after diving",
"sense": "to rise to the surface",
"word": "maiea"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 87 9 0 0 0 4",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to rise to the surface",
"word": "aranga"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 87 9 0 0 0 4",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to rise to the surface",
"word": "puea"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 87 9 0 0 0 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vsplyvátʹ",
"sense": "to rise to the surface",
"word": "всплыва́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 87 9 0 0 0 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to rise to the surface",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ѝспливати"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 87 9 0 0 0 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to rise to the surface",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "изронити"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 87 9 0 0 0 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to rise to the surface",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ìsplivati"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 87 9 0 0 0 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to rise to the surface",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "izroniti"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2007, Patrick Valentine, The Sage of Aquarius, page 182",
"text": "Sage went immediately to work; Damien surfaced the submarine and readied the group to meet outside the hatch.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To bring to the surface."
],
"id": "en-surface-en-verb-RwVAGRYj",
"links": [
[
"bring",
"bring"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To bring to the surface."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 5 82 6 1 1 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to bring to the surface",
"word": "felszínre hoz"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 4 4 19 1 1 1 3 36 2 2 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 6 7 17 2 3 2 3 30 3 3 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 7 6 14 3 3 3 5 26 4 4 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To come out of hiding."
],
"id": "en-surface-en-verb-Z08SVhM9",
"links": [
[
"hiding",
"hiding"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, figurative) To come out of hiding."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2013, George Walkden, “The status of hwæt in Old English”, in English Language and Linguistics, volume 17, number 3, →DOI",
"text": "Subordinate clauses, by contrast, exhibit V1 or V2 only around 35% of the time, with the verb usually surfacing later.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To become known or apparent; to appear or be found."
],
"id": "en-surface-en-verb-C3X5EHRN",
"links": [
[
"information",
"information"
],
[
"fact",
"fact"
],
[
"apparent",
"apparent"
],
[
"appear",
"appear"
],
[
"found",
"found"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, of information or facts) To become known or apparent; to appear or be found."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of information or facts"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 2 0 5 7 55 27 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izpluvam",
"sense": "for information to become known",
"word": "изплувам"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 0 5 7 55 27 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razčuvam se",
"sense": "for information to become known",
"word": "разчувам се"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 0 5 7 55 27 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "for information to become known",
"word": "paljastua"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 0 5 7 55 27 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "for information to become known",
"word": "tulla julki"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 0 5 7 55 27 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "for information to become known",
"word": "faire surface"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 0 5 7 55 27 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "for information to become known",
"word": "publik werden"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 0 5 7 55 27 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "for information to become known",
"word": "ans Licht kommen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 0 5 7 55 27 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "anadýomai",
"sense": "for information to become known",
"word": "αναδύομαι"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 0 5 7 55 27 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "for information to become known",
"word": "kiderül"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 0 5 7 55 27 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "for information to become known",
"word": "felszínre/napvilágra kerül"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 0 5 7 55 27 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "for information to become known",
"word": "venire a galla"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 0 5 7 55 27 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "for information to become known",
"word": "emergere"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 0 5 7 55 27 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vsplyvátʹ",
"sense": "for information to become known",
"word": "всплыва́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 0 5 7 55 27 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vyjasnjátʹsja",
"sense": "for information to become known",
"word": "выясня́ться"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To make (information or facts) known."
],
"id": "en-surface-en-verb-mlWNeApZ",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make (information or facts) known."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To work a mine near the surface."
],
"id": "en-surface-en-verb-OJWysusB",
"links": [
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"mine",
"mine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To work a mine near the surface."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɜːfɪs/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɝːfəs/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-surface.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/29/En-us-surface.ogg/En-us-surface.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/En-us-surface.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"surface"
],
"word": "surface"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English undefined derivations",
"English verbs"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "air-to-surface"
},
{
"word": "air-to-surface missile"
},
{
"word": "Alfven surface"
},
{
"word": "Alfvén surface"
},
{
"word": "antisurface"
},
{
"word": "archaeosurface"
},
{
"word": "below the surface"
},
{
"word": "beneath the surface"
},
{
"word": "Catalan surface"
},
{
"word": "caustic surface"
},
{
"word": "cavosurface"
},
{
"word": "control surface"
},
{
"word": "countersurface"
},
{
"word": "datum surface"
},
{
"word": "desurface"
},
{
"word": "detectable warning surface"
},
{
"word": "developable surface"
},
{
"word": "Earth Surface Person"
},
{
"word": "eigensurface"
},
{
"word": "equipotential surface"
},
{
"word": "ergosurface"
},
{
"word": "faying surface"
},
{
"word": "Fermi surface"
},
{
"word": "Fréchet surface"
},
{
"word": "Gaussian surface"
},
{
"word": "heating surface"
},
{
"word": "Hurwitz surface"
},
{
"word": "hypersurface"
},
{
"word": "intersurface"
},
{
"word": "isosurface"
},
{
"word": "land-surface"
},
{
"word": "lateral surface"
},
{
"word": "metasurface"
},
{
"word": "microsurface"
},
{
"word": "midsurface"
},
{
"word": "minimal surface"
},
{
"word": "Morin surface"
},
{
"word": "multisurface"
},
{
"word": "nanosurface"
},
{
"word": "near-surface"
},
{
"word": "nonsurface"
},
{
"word": "on the surface"
},
{
"word": "overspray surface texture"
},
{
"word": "palaeosurface"
},
{
"word": "paleosurface"
},
{
"word": "pseudosurface"
},
{
"word": "resurface"
},
{
"word": "Riemann surface"
},
{
"word": "scratch below the surface"
},
{
"word": "scratch beneath the surface"
},
{
"word": "scratch the surface"
},
{
"word": "sea-surface"
},
{
"word": "Seifert surface"
},
{
"word": "streamsurface"
},
{
"word": "sub-surface"
},
{
"word": "subsurface"
},
{
"word": "subway-surface"
},
{
"word": "surfaceable"
},
{
"word": "surface-active"
},
{
"word": "surface analysis"
},
{
"word": "surface area"
},
{
"word": "surface boundary layer"
},
{
"word": "surface car"
},
{
"word": "surface clutter"
},
{
"word": "surface combatant"
},
{
"word": "surface-conduction electron-emitter display"
},
{
"word": "surface discharge"
},
{
"word": "surface energy"
},
{
"word": "surface etymology"
},
{
"word": "surface finish"
},
{
"word": "surface gravity"
},
{
"word": "surface integral"
},
{
"word": "surface layer"
},
{
"word": "surfaceless"
},
{
"word": "surface-level"
},
{
"word": "surface lift"
},
{
"word": "surfacely"
},
{
"word": "surface mail"
},
{
"word": "surfaceman"
},
{
"word": "surface-mount"
},
{
"word": "surface mount"
},
{
"word": "surface mounted"
},
{
"word": "surface mounted technology"
},
{
"word": "surface mount technology"
},
{
"word": "surface-mount technology"
},
{
"word": "surface normal"
},
{
"word": "surface of revolution"
},
{
"word": "surfaceome"
},
{
"word": "surface plasmon"
},
{
"word": "surface quality"
},
{
"word": "surfacer"
},
{
"word": "surface runoff"
},
{
"word": "surface ship"
},
{
"word": "surface street"
},
{
"word": "surface-supplied diving"
},
{
"word": "surface tension"
},
{
"word": "surface-to-air"
},
{
"word": "surface-to-air missile"
},
{
"word": "surface-to-surface"
},
{
"word": "surface-to-surface missile"
},
{
"word": "surfaceward"
},
{
"word": "surfacewards"
},
{
"word": "surface water"
},
{
"word": "surface Web"
},
{
"word": "surface web"
},
{
"word": "surfacic"
},
{
"word": "surfacism"
},
{
"word": "surfacy"
},
{
"word": "surfel"
},
{
"word": "surfome"
},
{
"word": "tactile ground surface indicator"
},
{
"word": "tactile walking surface indicator"
},
{
"word": "undersurface"
},
{
"word": "under the surface"
},
{
"word": "worksurface"
},
{
"word": "work surface"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "surface"
},
"expansion": "French surface",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "superficies"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of superficies",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French surface. Doublet of superficies.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "surfaces",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "surface (plural surfaces)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "surficial"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2020 June 1, DarkSky International, Five Principles for Responsible Outdoor Lighting",
"text": "Use the lowest light level required. Be mindful of surface conditions, as some surfaces may reflect more light into the night sky than was intended.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The overside or up-side of a flat object such as a table, or of a liquid."
],
"links": [
[
"overside",
"overside"
],
[
"flat",
"flat"
],
[
"object",
"object"
],
[
"table",
"table"
],
[
"liquid",
"liquid"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2013 May 11, “The climate of Tibet: Pole-land”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8835, page 80",
"text": "Of all the transitions brought about on the Earth’s surface by temperature change, the melting of ice into water is the starkest. It is binary. And for the land beneath, the air above and the life around, it changes everything.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2013 July 20, “Welcome to the plastisphere”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845",
"text": "[The researchers] noticed many of their pieces of [plastic marine] debris sported surface pits around two microns across.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The outside hull of a tangible object."
],
"links": [
[
"outside",
"outside"
],
[
"hull",
"hull"
],
[
"tangible",
"tangible"
],
[
"object",
"object"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "On the surface, the spy looked like a typical businessman.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1782, Vicesimus Knox, “On knowing the world at an early age”, in Liberal education: […], 4th edition, London: Charles Dilly […], pages 393–394",
"text": "Such characters as have nothing but external accompliſhments to recommend them, may indeed be greatly admired and approved by vain and weak underſtandings, which penetrate no deeper than the ſurface; but they are deſpiſed by all the truly ſenſible, and pitied by all the truly good.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Outward or external appearance."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) Outward or external appearance."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Geometry",
"en:Mathematics",
"en:Surfaces"
],
"glosses": [
"The locus of an equation (especially one with exactly two degrees of freedom) in a more-than-two-dimensional space."
],
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"geometry",
"geometry"
],
[
"locus",
"locus"
],
[
"equation",
"equation"
],
[
"degrees of freedom",
"degree of freedom"
],
[
"space",
"space"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mathematics, geometry) The locus of an equation (especially one with exactly two degrees of freedom) in a more-than-two-dimensional space."
],
"topics": [
"geometry",
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɜːfɪs/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɝːfəs/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-surface.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/29/En-us-surface.ogg/En-us-surface.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/En-us-surface.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "overside"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "superfice"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "oppervlak"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "syprinë"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sipërfaqe"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "saṭḥ",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "سَطْح"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "makerewuytʻ",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "մակերեւույթ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "makeres",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "մակերես"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "superficie"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "səth"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "üzəri"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pavjérxnja",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "паве́рхня"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gorreenn"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "povǎ́rhnost",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "повъ́рхност"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "superfície"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "biu² min⁶",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "表面"
},
{
"code": "hak",
"lang": "Hakka Chinese",
"roman": "péu-mien",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "表面"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "zh-min-nan",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "表面"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "biǎomiàn",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "表面"
},
{
"code": "nci",
"lang": "Classical Nahuatl",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "īxtli"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "povrch"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "overflade"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "oppervlakte"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "oppervlak"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "surfaco"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "pinta"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "surface"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "superficie"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "zedaṗiri",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "ზედაპირი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Oberfläche"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "epifáneia",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "επιφάνεια"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "epipolḗ",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ἐπιπολή"
},
{
"code": "mba",
"lang": "Higaonon",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "taglutaw"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "felszín"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "surfaco"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "permukaan"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dreach"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "superficie"
},
{
"alt": "ひょうめん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hyōmen",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "表面"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "bet",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "бет"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "üst",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "үст"
},
{
"alt": "表面",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "pyomyeon",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "표면"
},
{
"code": "lad",
"lang": "Ladino",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "sovrefaz"
},
{
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vierss"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "superficiēs"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "virsma"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "paviršius"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "danga"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "površina",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "површина"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "permukaan"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "uparitalaṁ",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "ഉപരിതലം"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"english": "refers to liquids",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "kārewa"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "mata"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"note": "of a liquid",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "karetai"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "kahu"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "talbaj",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "талбай"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "overflate"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"note": "of a road",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "dekke"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "overflate"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"note": "of a road",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "dekke"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "superficia"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brādnes"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "powierzchnia"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "superfície"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "suprafață"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "povérxnostʹ",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пове́рхность"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "pratīka",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "प्रतीक"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "по̏вршина"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "pȍvršina"
},
{
"code": "si",
"lang": "Sinhalese",
"roman": "matupiṭa",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "මතුපිට"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "povrch"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "površina"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "superficie"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "yta"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "dayag"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "karayagan"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "uparitalaṁ",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "ఉపరితలం"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "pʉ́ʉn-pǐu",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "พื้นผิว"
},
{
"code": "txb",
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "ānte"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "yüzey"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "povérxnja",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пове́рхня"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "bet",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "بەت"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "mặt"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "bề mặt"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"word": "arwyneb"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "oybnoyf",
"sense": "up-side of a flat object",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "אויבנאויף"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "outside hull of a tangible object",
"word": "pinta"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "outside hull of a tangible object",
"word": "felület"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "outside hull of a tangible object",
"word": "felszín"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vǎnšnost",
"sense": "outward or external appearance",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "външност"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "outward or external appearance",
"word": "pintapuoli"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "outward or external appearance",
"word": "felszín"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "outward or external appearance",
"word": "kinézet"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "outward or external appearance",
"word": "látszat"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "saṭḥ",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "سَطْح"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "makerewuytʻ",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"word": "մակերեւույթ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"word": "səth"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"word": "gainazal"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "povǎrhnost",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "повърхност"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "superfície"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "plocha"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"word": "oppervlak"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"word": "surfaco"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"word": "pinta"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "surface"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Fläche"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "yfirborð"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dromchla"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "superficie"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "bet",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"word": "бет"
},
{
"alt": "曲面",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gongmyeon",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"word": "곡면"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "virsma"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "paviršius"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "superfícia"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "powierzchnia"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"word": "suprafață"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "poverxnostʹ",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "поверхность"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ploskev"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "yta"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"word": "yüzey"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "poverxnja",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "поверхня"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space",
"word": "mặt"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"surface"
],
"word": "surface"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English undefined derivations",
"English verbs"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "surface"
},
"expansion": "French surface",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "superficies"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of superficies",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French surface. Doublet of superficies.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "surfaces",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surfacing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "surfaced",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "surfaced",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "surface (third-person singular simple present surfaces, present participle surfacing, simple past and past participle surfaced)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To provide something with a surface."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To provide something with a surface."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The crew surfaced the road with bitumen.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To apply a surface to something."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To apply a surface to something."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "There was great relief when the missing diver finally surfaced.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To rise to the surface."
],
"links": [
[
"rise",
"rise"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To rise to the surface."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2007, Patrick Valentine, The Sage of Aquarius, page 182",
"text": "Sage went immediately to work; Damien surfaced the submarine and readied the group to meet outside the hatch.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To bring to the surface."
],
"links": [
[
"bring",
"bring"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To bring to the surface."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To come out of hiding."
],
"links": [
[
"hiding",
"hiding"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, figurative) To come out of hiding."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2013, George Walkden, “The status of hwæt in Old English”, in English Language and Linguistics, volume 17, number 3, →DOI",
"text": "Subordinate clauses, by contrast, exhibit V1 or V2 only around 35% of the time, with the verb usually surfacing later.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To become known or apparent; to appear or be found."
],
"links": [
[
"information",
"information"
],
[
"fact",
"fact"
],
[
"apparent",
"apparent"
],
[
"appear",
"appear"
],
[
"found",
"found"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, of information or facts) To become known or apparent; to appear or be found."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of information or facts"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To make (information or facts) known."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make (information or facts) known."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To work a mine near the surface."
],
"links": [
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"mine",
"mine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To work a mine near the surface."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɜːfɪs/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɝːfəs/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-surface.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/29/En-us-surface.ogg/En-us-surface.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/En-us-surface.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to apply a surface to something",
"word": "burkol"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to apply a surface to something",
"word": "beburkol"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pokazvam se na povǎrhnostta",
"sense": "to rise to the surface",
"word": "показвам се на повърхността"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to rise to the surface",
"word": "opduiken"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to rise to the surface",
"word": "boven water komen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to rise to the surface",
"word": "aan de oppervlakte brengen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to rise to the surface",
"word": "nousta pintaan"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to rise to the surface",
"word": "nousta pinnalle"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to rise to the surface",
"word": "pintautua"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to rise to the surface",
"word": "faire surface"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to rise to the surface",
"word": "auftauchen"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "anadýomai",
"sense": "to rise to the surface",
"word": "αναδύομαι"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to rise to the surface",
"word": "felszínre jön/emelkedik"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to rise to the surface",
"word": "felbukkan"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to rise to the surface",
"word": "előbukkan"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to rise to the surface",
"word": "felmerül"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to rise to the surface",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "uachtar"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to rise to the surface",
"word": "venire a galla"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to rise to the surface",
"word": "emergere"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"note": "after diving",
"sense": "to rise to the surface",
"word": "maiea"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to rise to the surface",
"word": "aranga"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to rise to the surface",
"word": "puea"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vsplyvátʹ",
"sense": "to rise to the surface",
"word": "всплыва́ть"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to rise to the surface",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ѝспливати"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to rise to the surface",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "изронити"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to rise to the surface",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ìsplivati"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to rise to the surface",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "izroniti"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to bring to the surface",
"word": "felszínre hoz"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izpluvam",
"sense": "for information to become known",
"word": "изплувам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razčuvam se",
"sense": "for information to become known",
"word": "разчувам се"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "for information to become known",
"word": "paljastua"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "for information to become known",
"word": "tulla julki"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "for information to become known",
"word": "faire surface"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "for information to become known",
"word": "publik werden"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "for information to become known",
"word": "ans Licht kommen"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "anadýomai",
"sense": "for information to become known",
"word": "αναδύομαι"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "for information to become known",
"word": "kiderül"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "for information to become known",
"word": "felszínre/napvilágra kerül"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "for information to become known",
"word": "venire a galla"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "for information to become known",
"word": "emergere"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vsplyvátʹ",
"sense": "for information to become known",
"word": "всплыва́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vyjasnjátʹsja",
"sense": "for information to become known",
"word": "выясня́ться"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"surface"
],
"word": "surface"
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2013",
"msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": piáu-bīn vs. zh-min-nan",
"path": [
"surface"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "surface",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.