See curl in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for curl meaning in English (50.0kB)
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "extension"
}
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"topics": [
"calculus",
"mathematics",
"sciences"
],
"word": "gradient"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"topics": [
"calculus",
"mathematics",
"sciences"
],
"word": "divergence"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"topics": [
"calculus",
"mathematics",
"sciences"
],
"word": "rotational"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "barbell curl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bicep curl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "biceps curl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cable curl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cheese curl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "concentration curl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "curl bar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "curl grub"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "curlicue"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "curliness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "curl-paper"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "curls for the girls"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "curl-up"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "curly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumbbell curl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hammer curl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "high-cable curl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "jerry curl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Jerry curl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Jheri curl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kiss curl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kiss-curl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "leaf curl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "leg curl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "love curl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "machine curl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pin curl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "preacher curl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "reverse curl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "scalar curl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "spit curl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "trunk curl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wrist curl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Zottman curl"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "crulle",
"t": "curled, curly"
},
"expansion": "Middle English crulle (“curled, curly”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "crul"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch crul",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "crulle",
"t": "curl"
},
"expansion": "crulle (“curl”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kruzlǭ",
"t": "bent or crooked object, curl"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kruzlǭ (“bent or crooked object, curl”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"title": "unknown"
},
"expansion": "unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*grus-"
},
"expansion": "*grus-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gurus-",
"4": "",
"5": "twist, curl"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gurus- (“twist, curl”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "گرس",
"3": "",
"4": "braid of hair",
"tr": "gors"
},
"expansion": "Persian گرس (gors, “braid of hair”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Krulle",
"t": "curl, lock"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian Krulle (“curl, lock”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "krul",
"t": "curl"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian krul (“curl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "krul",
"t": "curl"
},
"expansion": "Dutch krul (“curl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Krull",
"t": "curl"
},
"expansion": "German Low German Krull (“curl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Krolle",
"t": "curl"
},
"expansion": "German Krolle (“curl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "krølle",
"t": "curl"
},
"expansion": "Danish krølle (“curl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "krull",
"t": "curl"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian krull (“curl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Kruus",
"t": "curl"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian Kruus (“curl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "kraus",
"t": "frizzy, crumpled, curly"
},
"expansion": "German kraus (“frizzy, crumpled, curly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "krus",
"t": "curl"
},
"expansion": "Danish krus (“curl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "krusa",
"t": "to crimp, curl"
},
"expansion": "Swedish krusa (“to crimp, curl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽",
"t": "to grind, crush, gnash"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽 (kriustan, “to grind, crush, gnash”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From metathesis of Middle English crulle (“curled, curly”), from Middle Dutch crul, crulle (“curl”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *kruzlǭ (“bent or crooked object, curl”), of unknown origin; possibly from Pre-Germanic *grus-, contracted from Proto-Indo-European *gurus- (“twist, curl”), same source as Persian گرس (gors, “braid of hair”).\nCognate with Saterland Frisian Krulle (“curl, lock”), West Frisian krul (“curl”), Dutch krul (“curl”), German Low German Krull (“curl”), dialectal German Krolle (“curl”), Danish krølle (“curl”), Norwegian krull (“curl”). Related also to Saterland Frisian Kruus (“curl”), German kraus (“frizzy, crumpled, curly”), Danish krus (“curl”), Swedish krusa (“to crimp, curl”). Compare also Gothic 𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽 (kriustan, “to grind, crush, gnash”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "curls",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "curl (plural curls)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 2 1 7 9 5 3 4 7 6 1 1 7 1 1 4 8 6 8 7 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Hair",
"orig": "en:Hair",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1866, Louisa May Alcott, chapter 7, in Behind A Mask or, A Woman's Power",
"text": "[…]she took it down, looked long and fondly at it, then, shaking her curls about her face, as if to hide the act, pressed it to her lips and seemed to weep over it in an uncontrollable paroxysm of tender grief.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1910, Emerson Hough, chapter 1, in The Purchase Price",
"text": "Serene, smiling, enigmatic, she faced him with no fear whatever showing in her dark eyes.[…]She put back a truant curl from her forehead where it had sought egress to the world, and looked him full in the face now, drawing a deep breath which caused the round of her bosom to lift the lace at her throat.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A curving piece or lock of hair; a ringlet."
],
"id": "en-curl-en-noun-Pi~RLw2u",
"links": [
[
"lock",
"lock"
],
[
"hair",
"hair"
],
[
"ringlet",
"ringlet"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"word": "ringlet"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "jaʕda",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "جَعْدَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "böźrə",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"word": "бөҙрә"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kǎdrica",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "къдрица"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"word": "rínxol"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"word": "caragol"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"word": "floc"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"word": "bucle"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kudrna"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kučera"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kadeř"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"word": "lok"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "krul"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"word": "lok"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"word": "buklo"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"word": "kihara"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "boucle"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "crecho"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "penecho"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "frechón"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grifo"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "carrapizo"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bucre"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "respizo"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Locke"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "óstlinx",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ὄστλιγξ"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"alt": "1",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "taltal",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "תלתל"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"word": "fürt"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lokkur"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"word": "loklo"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"word": "kuudra"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cuach"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "coirnín"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "riccio"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ricciolo"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "boccolo"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"alt": "まきげ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "makige",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"word": "巻き毛"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"word": "cārta"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"word": "sprūga"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cirrus"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"word": "cirta"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "nokkla"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "keshag"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cassag"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"word": "māwhatu"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "boucl'ye"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "corle"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"word": "lokk"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"word": "kroll"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "mar",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"word": "مار"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "zolf",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"word": "زلف"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kroll"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lok"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kędzior"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cacho"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "caracol"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "lókon",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ло́кон"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zavitók",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "завито́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kudrjáška",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кудря́шка"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cuach"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "snìomh"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bachal"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cam-lùb"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dual"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "camalag"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "clann"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "camag"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lokna"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rizzu"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kučera"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rizo"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bucle"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "lock"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"word": "hårlock"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "kurulu",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"word": "కురులు"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kučer",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кучер"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 5 4 3 3 5 2 5 5 4 4",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cwrl"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1995, John Curtis, Julian Reade, Dominique Collon, Art and Empire: Treasures from Assyria in the British Museum, page 184",
"text": "[…] the backs of their necks and their forelegs are decorated with curls and their necks and bodies are covered with fine, undulating lines.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A curved stroke or shape."
],
"id": "en-curl-en-noun-GCIW3dUS",
"links": [
[
"curved",
"curved"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "2 75 3 3 2 3 1 2 2 1 5",
"sense": "curved stroke or shape",
"word": "curlicue"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 75 3 3 2 3 1 2 2 1 5",
"sense": "curved stroke or shape",
"word": "curve"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 75 3 3 2 3 1 2 2 1 5",
"sense": "curved stroke or shape",
"word": "flourish"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 75 3 3 2 3 1 2 2 1 5",
"sense": "curved stroke or shape",
"word": "loop"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 75 3 3 2 3 1 2 2 1 5",
"sense": "curved stroke or shape",
"word": "spiral"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 75 3 3 2 3 1 2 2 1 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izvivka",
"sense": "curved stroke or shape",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "извивка"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 75 3 3 2 3 1 2 2 1 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "curved stroke or shape",
"word": "kihara"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 75 3 3 2 3 1 2 2 1 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "curved stroke or shape",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arricciamento"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 75 3 3 2 3 1 2 2 1 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zavitók",
"sense": "curved stroke or shape",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "завито́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 75 3 3 2 3 1 2 2 1 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zavitúška",
"sense": "curved stroke or shape",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "завиту́шка"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 75 3 3 2 3 1 2 2 1 5",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "curved stroke or shape",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cwrl"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1909, Harold Horsfall Hilton, The Six Handicap Golfer's Companion, page 38",
"text": "It is possible to use the wind which blows from the left to the right by playing well into the wind with the slightest bit of curl on the ball[…]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A spin making the trajectory of an object curve."
],
"id": "en-curl-en-noun-r0WkJpd3",
"links": [
[
"spin",
"spin"
],
[
"trajectory",
"trajectory"
],
[
"curve",
"curve"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 10 53 6 3 5 3 3 8 1 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "spin making the trajectory curve",
"word": "kierre"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 10 53 6 3 5 3 3 8 1 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "spin making the trajectory curve",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rotazione"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 10 53 6 3 5 3 3 8 1 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "spin making the trajectory curve",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spirale"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 10 53 6 3 5 3 3 8 1 3",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "spin making the trajectory curve",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "skruv"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Curling",
"orig": "en:Curling",
"parents": [
"Winter sports",
"Sports",
"Winter activities",
"Human activity",
"Winter",
"Human behaviour",
"Seasons",
"Human",
"Nature",
"Periodic occurrences",
"All topics",
"Time",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 2 1 13 5 5 4 5 11 11 1 1 12 1 1 4 5 4 1 11 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 3 2 19 5 5 3 6 9 9 2 1 9 2 1 3 5 3 1 8 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Movement of a moving rock away from a straight line."
],
"id": "en-curl-en-noun-WlCxqtC~",
"links": [
[
"curling",
"curling"
],
[
"rock",
"rock"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(curling) Movement of a moving rock away from a straight line."
],
"topics": [
"ball-games",
"curling",
"games",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 5 3 41 10 7 4 6 10 11 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "curling: movement",
"word": "kierre"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 3 41 10 7 4 6 10 11 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "curling: movement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "voluta"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 3 41 10 7 4 6 10 11 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "curling: movement",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "curl"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Weightlifting",
"orig": "en:Weightlifting",
"parents": [
"Exercise",
"Sports",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2007 (Jan/Feb), Jon Crosby, \"Your Winter Muscle Makeover\", Men's Health, page 54",
"text": "Now do a curl and an overhead press, keeping your palms facing in."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any exercise performed by bending the arm, wrist, or leg on the exertion against resistance, especially those that train the biceps."
],
"id": "en-curl-en-noun-BuDCYjRJ",
"links": [
[
"weightlifting",
"weightlifting"
],
[
"exercise",
"exercise"
],
[
"arm",
"arm"
],
[
"wrist",
"wrist"
],
[
"leg",
"leg"
],
[
"exertion",
"exertion"
],
[
"resistance",
"resistance"
],
[
"biceps",
"biceps"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(weightlifting) Any exercise performed by bending the arm, wrist, or leg on the exertion against resistance, especially those that train the biceps."
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports",
"weightlifting"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 3 0 7 56 7 3 5 8 7 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "weightlifting: type of exercise",
"word": "pumppaus"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 0 7 56 7 3 5 8 7 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "weightlifting: type of exercise",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "flexión"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Calculus",
"orig": "en:Calculus",
"parents": [
"Mathematical analysis",
"Mathematics",
"Formal sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1995, Erich Prisner, Graph dynamics",
"text": "In 2D, when Q is a polygonal domain, the singularities of Type (2) disappear because ψ is the scalar curl of u and is such that its vectorial curl is zero.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"text": "The curl of the vector field #x5C;vec#x7B;F#x7D;(x,y,z) is the vector field #x5C;operatorname#x7B;curl#x7D;#x5C;,#x5C;vec#x7B;F#x7D;#x5C;equiv#x5C;vec#x7B;#x5C;nabla#x7D;#x5C;times#x5C;vec#x7B;F#x7D;#x3D;#x5C;left(#x5C;frac#x7B;#x5C;partialF#x5F;z#x7D;#x7B;#x5C;partialy#x7D;-#x5C;frac#x7B;#x5C;partialF#x5F;y#x7D;#x7B;#x5C;partialz#x7D;,#x5C;frac#x7B;#x5C;partialF#x5F;x#x7D;#x7B;#x5C;partialz#x7D;-#x5C;frac#x7B;#x5C;partialF#x5F;z#x7D;#x7B;#x5C;partialx#x7D;,#x5C;frac#x7B;#x5C;partialF#x5F;y#x7D;#x7B;#x5C;partialx#x7D;-#x5C;frac#x7B;#x5C;partialF#x5F;x#x7D;#x7B;#x5C;partialy#x7D;#x5C;right).",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The vector field denoting the rotationality of a given vector field."
],
"id": "en-curl-en-noun--GR7Wdoj",
"links": [
[
"calculus",
"calculus"
],
[
"vector field",
"vector field"
],
[
"rotation",
"rotation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(calculus) The vector field denoting the rotationality of a given vector field."
],
"topics": [
"calculus",
"mathematics",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 2 1 6 2 68 6 4 6 4 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "vector field denoting rotationality of a given vector field",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rotace"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 1 6 2 68 6 4 6 4 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "vector field denoting rotationality of a given vector field",
"word": "roottori"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 1 6 2 68 6 4 6 4 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "vector field denoting rotationality of a given vector field",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rotationnel"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 1 6 2 68 6 4 6 4 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "vector field denoting rotationality of a given vector field",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rotazione"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Calculus",
"orig": "en:Calculus",
"parents": [
"Mathematical analysis",
"Mathematics",
"Formal sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The vector operator, denoted rm curl; or ⃑∇×⃑(·), that generates this field."
],
"id": "en-curl-en-noun-0qRnJwHM",
"links": [
[
"calculus",
"calculus"
],
[
"operator",
"operator"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(calculus, proper noun) The vector operator, denoted rm curl; or ⃑∇×⃑(·), that generates this field."
],
"tags": [
"proper-noun"
],
"topics": [
"calculus",
"mathematics",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 4 2 9 0 23 54 0 7 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "mathematics: vector operator",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rotace"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 4 2 9 0 23 54 0 7 0 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "mathematics: vector operator",
"word": "rotatie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 4 2 9 0 23 54 0 7 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "mathematics: vector operator",
"word": "roottori"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 4 2 9 0 23 54 0 7 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "mathematics: vector operator",
"word": "rotationnel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 4 2 9 0 23 54 0 7 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "mathematics: vector operator",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rotacja"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 4 2 9 0 23 54 0 7 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "mathematics: vector operator",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rotacional"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 4 2 9 0 23 54 0 7 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rótor",
"sense": "mathematics: vector operator",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ро́тор"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 4 2 9 0 23 54 0 7 0 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "mathematics: vector operator",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "rotation"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Agriculture",
"orig": "en:Agriculture",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Phytopathology",
"orig": "en:Phytopathology",
"parents": [
"Botany",
"Pathology",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1840, \"Farmers' Department\", The Family Magazine, volume 1, page 227",
"text": "These potatoes, however, planted the next year, have a fair yield, untouched by the curl.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any of various diseases of plants causing the leaves or shoots to curl up; often specifically the potato curl."
],
"id": "en-curl-en-noun-9T0xFHNd",
"links": [
[
"agriculture",
"agriculture"
],
[
"phytopathology",
"phytopathology"
],
[
"curl up",
"curl up"
],
[
"potato curl",
"potato curl"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(agriculture, phytopathology) Any of various diseases of plants causing the leaves or shoots to curl up; often specifically the potato curl."
],
"topics": [
"agriculture",
"biology",
"botany",
"business",
"lifestyle",
"medicine",
"natural-sciences",
"pathology",
"phytopathology",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "plant disease",
"word": "polte"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "plant disease",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arricciamento"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "plant disease",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "accartocciamento"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "plant disease",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "crychiad"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Lutherie",
"orig": "en:Lutherie",
"parents": [
"Crafts",
"Music",
"Society",
"Art",
"Sound",
"All topics",
"Culture",
"Energy",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Music",
"orig": "en:Music",
"parents": [
"Art",
"Sound",
"Culture",
"Energy",
"Society",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 2 1 13 5 5 4 5 11 11 1 1 12 1 1 4 5 4 1 11 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The one-piece back is of a medium curl.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The contrasting light and dark figure seen in wood used for stringed instrument making; the flame."
],
"id": "en-curl-en-noun-yO6qp577",
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"lutherie",
"lutherie"
],
[
"flame",
"flame"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music, chiefly lutherie) The contrasting light and dark figure seen in wood used for stringed instrument making; the flame."
],
"topics": [
"arts",
"crafts",
"entertainment",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"lutherie",
"music"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 2 1 9 4 7 4 5 58 8 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "music: light and dark figure seen in wood",
"word": "loimukuvio"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Football (American)",
"orig": "en:Football (American)",
"parents": [
"Football",
"Ball games",
"Sports",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 2 1 13 5 5 4 5 11 11 1 1 12 1 1 4 5 4 1 11 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A pattern where the receiver appears to be running a fly pattern but after a set number of steps or yards quickly stops and turns around, looking for a pass."
],
"id": "en-curl-en-noun-k2KLKhP3",
"links": [
[
"American football",
"American football"
],
[
"pattern",
"pattern"
],
[
"receiver",
"receiver"
],
[
"fly",
"fly"
],
[
"pass",
"pass"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(American football) A pattern where the receiver appears to be running a fly pattern but after a set number of steps or yards quickly stops and turns around, looking for a pass."
],
"topics": [
"American-football",
"ball-games",
"football",
"games",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Baking",
"orig": "en:Baking",
"parents": [
"Cooking",
"Food and drink",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A thin, curved piece of chocolate used as decoration."
],
"id": "en-curl-en-noun-jfazkHIS",
"links": [
[
"baking",
"baking#Noun"
],
[
"thin",
"thin"
],
[
"curved",
"curved"
],
[
"chocolate",
"chocolate"
],
[
"decoration",
"decoration"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(baking, chiefly in the plural) A thin, curved piece of chocolate used as decoration."
],
"tags": [
"in-plural"
],
"topics": [
"baking",
"cooking",
"food",
"lifestyle"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɜːl/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kʰəːɫ]",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɜɹl/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kʰɝɫ]",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)l"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-curl.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6e/En-us-curl.ogg/En-us-curl.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/En-us-curl.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Curl",
"Nicoline van der Sijs",
"Pre-Germanic"
],
"word": "curl"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of \"to make into a curl or spiral\"",
"word": "straighten"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of \"to make into a curl or spiral\"",
"word": "uncoil"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of \"to make into a curl or spiral\"",
"word": "unroll"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of \"to assume the shape of a curl or spiral\"",
"word": "straighten"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of \"to assume the shape of a curl or spiral\"",
"word": "uncoil"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of \"to assume the shape of a curl or spiral\"",
"word": "unroll"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "curled"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "curler"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "curling"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "curling iron"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "curling tongs"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "curl one out"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "curl someone's hair"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "curl up"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hair-curling"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hair curling"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "make someone's hair curl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "make someone's toenails curl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "make someone's toes curl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "toe-curling"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "crulle",
"t": "curled, curly"
},
"expansion": "Middle English crulle (“curled, curly”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "crul"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch crul",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "crulle",
"t": "curl"
},
"expansion": "crulle (“curl”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kruzlǭ",
"t": "bent or crooked object, curl"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kruzlǭ (“bent or crooked object, curl”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"title": "unknown"
},
"expansion": "unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*grus-"
},
"expansion": "*grus-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gurus-",
"4": "",
"5": "twist, curl"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gurus- (“twist, curl”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "گرس",
"3": "",
"4": "braid of hair",
"tr": "gors"
},
"expansion": "Persian گرس (gors, “braid of hair”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Krulle",
"t": "curl, lock"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian Krulle (“curl, lock”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "krul",
"t": "curl"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian krul (“curl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "krul",
"t": "curl"
},
"expansion": "Dutch krul (“curl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Krull",
"t": "curl"
},
"expansion": "German Low German Krull (“curl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Krolle",
"t": "curl"
},
"expansion": "German Krolle (“curl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "krølle",
"t": "curl"
},
"expansion": "Danish krølle (“curl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "krull",
"t": "curl"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian krull (“curl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Kruus",
"t": "curl"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian Kruus (“curl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "kraus",
"t": "frizzy, crumpled, curly"
},
"expansion": "German kraus (“frizzy, crumpled, curly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "krus",
"t": "curl"
},
"expansion": "Danish krus (“curl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "krusa",
"t": "to crimp, curl"
},
"expansion": "Swedish krusa (“to crimp, curl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽",
"t": "to grind, crush, gnash"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽 (kriustan, “to grind, crush, gnash”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From metathesis of Middle English crulle (“curled, curly”), from Middle Dutch crul, crulle (“curl”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *kruzlǭ (“bent or crooked object, curl”), of unknown origin; possibly from Pre-Germanic *grus-, contracted from Proto-Indo-European *gurus- (“twist, curl”), same source as Persian گرس (gors, “braid of hair”).\nCognate with Saterland Frisian Krulle (“curl, lock”), West Frisian krul (“curl”), Dutch krul (“curl”), German Low German Krull (“curl”), dialectal German Krolle (“curl”), Danish krølle (“curl”), Norwegian krull (“curl”). Related also to Saterland Frisian Kruus (“curl”), German kraus (“frizzy, crumpled, curly”), Danish krus (“curl”), Swedish krusa (“to crimp, curl”). Compare also Gothic 𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽 (kriustan, “to grind, crush, gnash”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "curls",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "curling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "curled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "curled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "curl (third-person singular simple present curls, present participle curling, simple past and past participle curled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "coil"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1998, Nick Hornby, Fever Pitch, page 70",
"text": "He picked the ball up about forty yards out on the left wing, left a trail of Arsenal defenders in his wake, and curled the ball round Geoff Barnett as he came right out into the far corner.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2011 January 12, Saj Chowdhury, “Liverpool 2-1 Liverpool”, in BBC",
"text": "Campbell should have scored but missed with a header from four yards at the far post before Taylor-Fletcher came close to adding a second when he curled an effort over the stranded Reina, who should have been punished for a poor clearance.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cause to move in a curve."
],
"id": "en-curl-en-verb-qM2cw5Fs",
"links": [
[
"curve",
"curve"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cause to move in a curve."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "78 1 0 14 2 1 0 0 1 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izvivam",
"sense": "to cause to move in a curve",
"word": "извивам"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 1 0 14 2 1 0 0 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cause to move in a curve",
"word": "pyöräyttää"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 1 0 14 2 1 0 0 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cause to move in a curve",
"word": "kiepauttaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 1 0 14 2 1 0 0 1 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vitʹ",
"sense": "to cause to move in a curve",
"word": "вить"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 1 0 14 2 1 0 0 1 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "iskrivljátʹ",
"sense": "to cause to move in a curve",
"word": "искривля́ть"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 2 1 13 5 5 4 5 11 11 1 1 12 1 1 4 5 4 1 11 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2004, Jacquelyn Mitchard, Twelve Times Blessed, page 249",
"text": "She curls her spine; she wedges a pillow between her knees.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make into a curl or spiral."
],
"id": "en-curl-en-verb-KmMu~Qbu",
"links": [
[
"spiral",
"spiral"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make into a curl or spiral."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "2 73 6 2 3 2 3 1 5 4",
"sense": "to make into a curl or spiral",
"word": "arch"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 73 6 2 3 2 3 1 5 4",
"sense": "to make into a curl or spiral",
"word": "coil"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 73 6 2 3 2 3 1 5 4",
"sense": "to make into a curl or spiral",
"word": "roll up"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 73 6 2 3 2 3 1 5 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nakǎdrjam",
"sense": "to make into a curl or spiral",
"word": "накъдрям"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 73 6 2 3 2 3 1 5 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make into a curl or spiral",
"word": "kihartaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 73 6 2 3 2 3 1 5 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make into a curl or spiral",
"word": "kiertää"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 73 6 2 3 2 3 1 5 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make into a curl or spiral",
"word": "taivuttaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 73 6 2 3 2 3 1 5 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make into a curl or spiral",
"word": "rullata"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 73 6 2 3 2 3 1 5 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make into a curl or spiral",
"word": "käpristää"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 73 6 2 3 2 3 1 5 4",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make into a curl or spiral",
"word": "encaracolar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 73 6 2 3 2 3 1 5 4",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "helíssō",
"sense": "to make into a curl or spiral",
"word": "ἑλίσσω"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 73 6 2 3 2 3 1 5 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make into a curl or spiral",
"word": "encaracolar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 73 6 2 3 2 3 1 5 4",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "to make into a curl or spiral",
"word": "snìomh"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1847, Charlotte Brontë, chapter XXXI, in Jane Eyre",
"text": "It seemed to me that Mr. St. John's under lip protruded, and his upper lip curled a moment.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To assume the shape of a curl or spiral."
],
"id": "en-curl-en-verb-yCt3Mp-S",
"links": [
[
"spiral",
"spiral"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To assume the shape of a curl or spiral."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "1 9 69 1 1 1 2 1 1 14",
"sense": "to assume the shape of a curl or spiral",
"word": "coil"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 9 69 1 1 1 2 1 1 14",
"sense": "to assume the shape of a curl or spiral",
"word": "roll up"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 8 70 1 1 1 2 1 1 14",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nakǎdrjam se",
"sense": "to assume the shape of a curl or spiral",
"word": "накъдрям се"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 70 1 1 1 2 1 1 14",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to assume the shape of a curl or spiral",
"word": "kihartua"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 70 1 1 1 2 1 1 14",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to assume the shape of a curl or spiral",
"word": "rullautua"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 70 1 1 1 2 1 1 14",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to assume the shape of a curl or spiral",
"word": "mennä rullalle"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 70 1 1 1 2 1 1 14",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to assume the shape of a curl or spiral",
"word": "käpristyä"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 70 1 1 1 2 1 1 14",
"code": "mi",
"english": "referring to waves as they break",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to assume the shape of a curl or spiral",
"word": "kapukapu"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1977, Scott O'Dell, Carlota, page 1",
"text": "Clouds curled down from the mountains.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2007, John Coyne, The Caddie Who Knew Ben Hogan, page 97",
"text": "The ball curled to a stop within six inches of the hole.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To move in curves."
],
"id": "en-curl-en-verb-2rbhBhNa",
"links": [
[
"curve",
"curve"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To move in curves."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "25 2 1 64 3 1 0 1 2 2",
"sense": "to move in curves",
"word": "curve"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 2 1 64 3 1 0 1 2 2",
"sense": "to move in curves",
"word": "spiral"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "25 2 1 64 3 1 0 1 2 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izvivam se",
"sense": "to move in curves",
"word": "извивам се"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 2 1 64 3 1 0 1 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to move in curves",
"word": "kiemurrella"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 2 1 64 3 1 0 1 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to move in curves",
"word": "mutkitella"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 2 1 64 3 1 0 1 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to move in curves",
"word": "luikertaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 2 1 64 3 1 0 1 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to move in curves",
"word": "luikerrella"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 2 1 64 3 1 0 1 2 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vítʹsja",
"sense": "to move in curves",
"word": "ви́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 2 1 64 3 1 0 1 2 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "izvivátʹsja",
"sense": "to move in curves",
"word": "извива́ться"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Curling",
"orig": "en:Curling",
"parents": [
"Winter sports",
"Sports",
"Winter activities",
"Human activity",
"Winter",
"Human behaviour",
"Seasons",
"Human",
"Nature",
"Periodic occurrences",
"All topics",
"Time",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I curl at my local club every weekend.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To take part in the sport of curling."
],
"id": "en-curl-en-verb-NQMX-JoI",
"links": [
[
"curling",
"curling"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, curling) To take part in the sport of curling."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"topics": [
"ball-games",
"curling",
"games",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 2 1 4 83 2 0 1 2 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to take part in the sport of curling",
"word": "pelata curlingia"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 2 1 4 83 2 0 1 2 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to take part in the sport of curling",
"word": "kurlata"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 2 1 4 83 2 0 1 2 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to take part in the sport of curling",
"word": "spela curling"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Weightlifting",
"orig": "en:Weightlifting",
"parents": [
"Exercise",
"Sports",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2008, Joseph Lee Klapper, The Complete Idiot's Guide to Boosting Your Metabolism, page 119",
"text": "When curling the weight, bring the barbell up toward the chin, then return it to its starting position. Keep your elbows and upper arms as immobile as possible to isolate the biceps.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To exercise by bending the arm, wrist, or leg on the exertion against resistance, especially of the biceps."
],
"id": "en-curl-en-verb-Dcz30tEs",
"links": [
[
"weightlifting",
"weightlifting"
],
[
"exercise",
"exercise"
],
[
"arm",
"arm"
],
[
"wrist",
"wrist"
],
[
"leg",
"leg"
],
[
"exertion",
"exertion"
],
[
"resistance",
"resistance"
],
[
"biceps",
"biceps"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, weightlifting) To exercise by bending the arm, wrist, or leg on the exertion against resistance, especially of the biceps."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports",
"weightlifting"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 7 1 2 6 70 2 2 6 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "weightlifting: to exercise by bending on the exertion",
"word": "pumpata"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1576, George Gascoigne, The Steele Glas, Epilogus",
"text": "But curl their locks with bodkins and with braids",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To twist or form (the hair, etc.) into ringlets."
],
"id": "en-curl-en-verb--r0G0dJR",
"links": [
[
"ringlet",
"ringlet"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 19 4 0 2 3 51 1 7 12",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to twist or form into ringlets",
"word": "burmaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 19 4 0 2 3 51 1 7 12",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to twist or form into ringlets",
"word": "kihartaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 19 4 0 2 3 51 1 7 12",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to twist or form into ringlets",
"word": "takawiriwiri"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1633, George Herbert, Jordan",
"text": "Curling with metaphors a plain intention.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To deck with, or as if with, curls; to ornament."
],
"id": "en-curl-en-verb-jcT4Asha",
"links": [
[
"ornament",
"ornament"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 2 1 2 2 3 1 82 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to deck with, or as if with, curls",
"word": "koristella"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 2 1 13 5 5 4 5 11 11 1 1 12 1 1 4 5 4 1 11 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To raise in waves or undulations; to ripple."
],
"id": "en-curl-en-verb-Q-wtDbMS",
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 8 0 3 4 2 2 0 76 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to raise in waves or undulations",
"word": "aallottaa"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To shape (the brim of a hat) into a curve."
],
"id": "en-curl-en-verb-Zn5sZIBC",
"qualifier": "hat-making",
"raw_glosses": [
"(hat-making) To shape (the brim of a hat) into a curve."
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 5 9 2 1 1 3 1 2 72",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to shape the brim of a hat into a curve",
"word": "taivuttaa"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɜːl/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kʰəːɫ]",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɜɹl/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kʰɝɫ]",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)l"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-curl.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6e/En-us-curl.ogg/En-us-curl.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/En-us-curl.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Curl",
"Nicoline van der Sijs",
"Pre-Germanic"
],
"word": "curl"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "extension"
}
],
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of French translations",
"Requests for review of Ido translations",
"Requests for review of Italian translations",
"Requests for review of Norman translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)l",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)l/1 syllable",
"en:Hair"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"topics": [
"calculus",
"mathematics",
"sciences"
],
"word": "gradient"
},
{
"topics": [
"calculus",
"mathematics",
"sciences"
],
"word": "divergence"
},
{
"topics": [
"calculus",
"mathematics",
"sciences"
],
"word": "rotational"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "barbell curl"
},
{
"word": "bicep curl"
},
{
"word": "biceps curl"
},
{
"word": "cable curl"
},
{
"word": "cheese curl"
},
{
"word": "concentration curl"
},
{
"word": "curl bar"
},
{
"word": "curl grub"
},
{
"word": "curlicue"
},
{
"word": "curliness"
},
{
"word": "curl-paper"
},
{
"word": "curls for the girls"
},
{
"word": "curl-up"
},
{
"word": "curly"
},
{
"word": "dumbbell curl"
},
{
"word": "hammer curl"
},
{
"word": "high-cable curl"
},
{
"word": "jerry curl"
},
{
"word": "Jerry curl"
},
{
"word": "Jheri curl"
},
{
"word": "kiss curl"
},
{
"word": "kiss-curl"
},
{
"word": "leaf curl"
},
{
"word": "leg curl"
},
{
"word": "love curl"
},
{
"word": "machine curl"
},
{
"word": "pin curl"
},
{
"word": "preacher curl"
},
{
"word": "reverse curl"
},
{
"word": "scalar curl"
},
{
"word": "spit curl"
},
{
"word": "trunk curl"
},
{
"word": "wrist curl"
},
{
"word": "Zottman curl"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "crulle",
"t": "curled, curly"
},
"expansion": "Middle English crulle (“curled, curly”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "crul"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch crul",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "crulle",
"t": "curl"
},
"expansion": "crulle (“curl”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kruzlǭ",
"t": "bent or crooked object, curl"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kruzlǭ (“bent or crooked object, curl”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"title": "unknown"
},
"expansion": "unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*grus-"
},
"expansion": "*grus-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gurus-",
"4": "",
"5": "twist, curl"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gurus- (“twist, curl”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "گرس",
"3": "",
"4": "braid of hair",
"tr": "gors"
},
"expansion": "Persian گرس (gors, “braid of hair”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Krulle",
"t": "curl, lock"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian Krulle (“curl, lock”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "krul",
"t": "curl"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian krul (“curl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "krul",
"t": "curl"
},
"expansion": "Dutch krul (“curl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Krull",
"t": "curl"
},
"expansion": "German Low German Krull (“curl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Krolle",
"t": "curl"
},
"expansion": "German Krolle (“curl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "krølle",
"t": "curl"
},
"expansion": "Danish krølle (“curl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "krull",
"t": "curl"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian krull (“curl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Kruus",
"t": "curl"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian Kruus (“curl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "kraus",
"t": "frizzy, crumpled, curly"
},
"expansion": "German kraus (“frizzy, crumpled, curly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "krus",
"t": "curl"
},
"expansion": "Danish krus (“curl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "krusa",
"t": "to crimp, curl"
},
"expansion": "Swedish krusa (“to crimp, curl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽",
"t": "to grind, crush, gnash"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽 (kriustan, “to grind, crush, gnash”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From metathesis of Middle English crulle (“curled, curly”), from Middle Dutch crul, crulle (“curl”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *kruzlǭ (“bent or crooked object, curl”), of unknown origin; possibly from Pre-Germanic *grus-, contracted from Proto-Indo-European *gurus- (“twist, curl”), same source as Persian گرس (gors, “braid of hair”).\nCognate with Saterland Frisian Krulle (“curl, lock”), West Frisian krul (“curl”), Dutch krul (“curl”), German Low German Krull (“curl”), dialectal German Krolle (“curl”), Danish krølle (“curl”), Norwegian krull (“curl”). Related also to Saterland Frisian Kruus (“curl”), German kraus (“frizzy, crumpled, curly”), Danish krus (“curl”), Swedish krusa (“to crimp, curl”). Compare also Gothic 𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽 (kriustan, “to grind, crush, gnash”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "curls",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "curl (plural curls)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1866, Louisa May Alcott, chapter 7, in Behind A Mask or, A Woman's Power",
"text": "[…]she took it down, looked long and fondly at it, then, shaking her curls about her face, as if to hide the act, pressed it to her lips and seemed to weep over it in an uncontrollable paroxysm of tender grief.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1910, Emerson Hough, chapter 1, in The Purchase Price",
"text": "Serene, smiling, enigmatic, she faced him with no fear whatever showing in her dark eyes.[…]She put back a truant curl from her forehead where it had sought egress to the world, and looked him full in the face now, drawing a deep breath which caused the round of her bosom to lift the lace at her throat.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A curving piece or lock of hair; a ringlet."
],
"links": [
[
"lock",
"lock"
],
[
"hair",
"hair"
],
[
"ringlet",
"ringlet"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1995, John Curtis, Julian Reade, Dominique Collon, Art and Empire: Treasures from Assyria in the British Museum, page 184",
"text": "[…] the backs of their necks and their forelegs are decorated with curls and their necks and bodies are covered with fine, undulating lines.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A curved stroke or shape."
],
"links": [
[
"curved",
"curved"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1909, Harold Horsfall Hilton, The Six Handicap Golfer's Companion, page 38",
"text": "It is possible to use the wind which blows from the left to the right by playing well into the wind with the slightest bit of curl on the ball[…]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A spin making the trajectory of an object curve."
],
"links": [
[
"spin",
"spin"
],
[
"trajectory",
"trajectory"
],
[
"curve",
"curve"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Curling"
],
"glosses": [
"Movement of a moving rock away from a straight line."
],
"links": [
[
"curling",
"curling"
],
[
"rock",
"rock"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(curling) Movement of a moving rock away from a straight line."
],
"topics": [
"ball-games",
"curling",
"games",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Weightlifting"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2007 (Jan/Feb), Jon Crosby, \"Your Winter Muscle Makeover\", Men's Health, page 54",
"text": "Now do a curl and an overhead press, keeping your palms facing in."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any exercise performed by bending the arm, wrist, or leg on the exertion against resistance, especially those that train the biceps."
],
"links": [
[
"weightlifting",
"weightlifting"
],
[
"exercise",
"exercise"
],
[
"arm",
"arm"
],
[
"wrist",
"wrist"
],
[
"leg",
"leg"
],
[
"exertion",
"exertion"
],
[
"resistance",
"resistance"
],
[
"biceps",
"biceps"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(weightlifting) Any exercise performed by bending the arm, wrist, or leg on the exertion against resistance, especially those that train the biceps."
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports",
"weightlifting"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Calculus"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1995, Erich Prisner, Graph dynamics",
"text": "In 2D, when Q is a polygonal domain, the singularities of Type (2) disappear because ψ is the scalar curl of u and is such that its vectorial curl is zero.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"text": "The curl of the vector field #x5C;vec#x7B;F#x7D;(x,y,z) is the vector field #x5C;operatorname#x7B;curl#x7D;#x5C;,#x5C;vec#x7B;F#x7D;#x5C;equiv#x5C;vec#x7B;#x5C;nabla#x7D;#x5C;times#x5C;vec#x7B;F#x7D;#x3D;#x5C;left(#x5C;frac#x7B;#x5C;partialF#x5F;z#x7D;#x7B;#x5C;partialy#x7D;-#x5C;frac#x7B;#x5C;partialF#x5F;y#x7D;#x7B;#x5C;partialz#x7D;,#x5C;frac#x7B;#x5C;partialF#x5F;x#x7D;#x7B;#x5C;partialz#x7D;-#x5C;frac#x7B;#x5C;partialF#x5F;z#x7D;#x7B;#x5C;partialx#x7D;,#x5C;frac#x7B;#x5C;partialF#x5F;y#x7D;#x7B;#x5C;partialx#x7D;-#x5C;frac#x7B;#x5C;partialF#x5F;x#x7D;#x7B;#x5C;partialy#x7D;#x5C;right).",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The vector field denoting the rotationality of a given vector field."
],
"links": [
[
"calculus",
"calculus"
],
[
"vector field",
"vector field"
],
[
"rotation",
"rotation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(calculus) The vector field denoting the rotationality of a given vector field."
],
"topics": [
"calculus",
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Calculus"
],
"glosses": [
"The vector operator, denoted rm curl; or ⃑∇×⃑(·), that generates this field."
],
"links": [
[
"calculus",
"calculus"
],
[
"operator",
"operator"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(calculus, proper noun) The vector operator, denoted rm curl; or ⃑∇×⃑(·), that generates this field."
],
"tags": [
"proper-noun"
],
"topics": [
"calculus",
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Agriculture",
"en:Phytopathology"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1840, \"Farmers' Department\", The Family Magazine, volume 1, page 227",
"text": "These potatoes, however, planted the next year, have a fair yield, untouched by the curl.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any of various diseases of plants causing the leaves or shoots to curl up; often specifically the potato curl."
],
"links": [
[
"agriculture",
"agriculture"
],
[
"phytopathology",
"phytopathology"
],
[
"curl up",
"curl up"
],
[
"potato curl",
"potato curl"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(agriculture, phytopathology) Any of various diseases of plants causing the leaves or shoots to curl up; often specifically the potato curl."
],
"topics": [
"agriculture",
"biology",
"botany",
"business",
"lifestyle",
"medicine",
"natural-sciences",
"pathology",
"phytopathology",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Lutherie",
"en:Music"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The one-piece back is of a medium curl.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The contrasting light and dark figure seen in wood used for stringed instrument making; the flame."
],
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"lutherie",
"lutherie"
],
[
"flame",
"flame"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music, chiefly lutherie) The contrasting light and dark figure seen in wood used for stringed instrument making; the flame."
],
"topics": [
"arts",
"crafts",
"entertainment",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"lutherie",
"music"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Football (American)"
],
"glosses": [
"A pattern where the receiver appears to be running a fly pattern but after a set number of steps or yards quickly stops and turns around, looking for a pass."
],
"links": [
[
"American football",
"American football"
],
[
"pattern",
"pattern"
],
[
"receiver",
"receiver"
],
[
"fly",
"fly"
],
[
"pass",
"pass"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(American football) A pattern where the receiver appears to be running a fly pattern but after a set number of steps or yards quickly stops and turns around, looking for a pass."
],
"topics": [
"American-football",
"ball-games",
"football",
"games",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Baking"
],
"glosses": [
"A thin, curved piece of chocolate used as decoration."
],
"links": [
[
"baking",
"baking#Noun"
],
[
"thin",
"thin"
],
[
"curved",
"curved"
],
[
"chocolate",
"chocolate"
],
[
"decoration",
"decoration"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(baking, chiefly in the plural) A thin, curved piece of chocolate used as decoration."
],
"tags": [
"in-plural"
],
"topics": [
"baking",
"cooking",
"food",
"lifestyle"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɜːl/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kʰəːɫ]",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɜɹl/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kʰɝɫ]",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)l"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-curl.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6e/En-us-curl.ogg/En-us-curl.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/En-us-curl.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"word": "ringlet"
},
{
"sense": "curved stroke or shape",
"word": "curlicue"
},
{
"sense": "curved stroke or shape",
"word": "curve"
},
{
"sense": "curved stroke or shape",
"word": "flourish"
},
{
"sense": "curved stroke or shape",
"word": "loop"
},
{
"sense": "curved stroke or shape",
"word": "spiral"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "jaʕda",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "جَعْدَة"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "böźrə",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"word": "бөҙрә"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kǎdrica",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "къдрица"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"word": "rínxol"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"word": "caragol"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"word": "floc"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"word": "bucle"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kudrna"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kučera"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kadeř"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"word": "lok"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "krul"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"word": "lok"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"word": "buklo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"word": "kihara"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "boucle"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "crecho"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "penecho"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "frechón"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grifo"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "carrapizo"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bucre"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "respizo"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Locke"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "óstlinx",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ὄστλιγξ"
},
{
"alt": "1",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "taltal",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "תלתל"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"word": "fürt"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lokkur"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"word": "loklo"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"word": "kuudra"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cuach"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "coirnín"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "riccio"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ricciolo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "boccolo"
},
{
"alt": "まきげ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "makige",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"word": "巻き毛"
},
{
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"word": "cārta"
},
{
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"word": "sprūga"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cirrus"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"word": "cirta"
},
{
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "nokkla"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "keshag"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cassag"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"word": "māwhatu"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "boucl'ye"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "corle"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"word": "lokk"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"word": "kroll"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "mar",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"word": "مار"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "zolf",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"word": "زلف"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kroll"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lok"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kędzior"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cacho"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "caracol"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "lókon",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ло́кон"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zavitók",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "завито́к"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kudrjáška",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кудря́шка"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cuach"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "snìomh"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bachal"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cam-lùb"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dual"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "camalag"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "clann"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "camag"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lokna"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rizzu"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kučera"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rizo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bucle"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "lock"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"word": "hårlock"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "kurulu",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"word": "కురులు"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kučer",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кучер"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "curving lock of hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cwrl"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izvivka",
"sense": "curved stroke or shape",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "извивка"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "curved stroke or shape",
"word": "kihara"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "curved stroke or shape",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arricciamento"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zavitók",
"sense": "curved stroke or shape",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "завито́к"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zavitúška",
"sense": "curved stroke or shape",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "завиту́шка"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "curved stroke or shape",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cwrl"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "spin making the trajectory curve",
"word": "kierre"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "spin making the trajectory curve",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rotazione"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "spin making the trajectory curve",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spirale"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "spin making the trajectory curve",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "skruv"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "curling: movement",
"word": "kierre"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "curling: movement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "voluta"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "curling: movement",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "curl"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "weightlifting: type of exercise",
"word": "pumppaus"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "weightlifting: type of exercise",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "flexión"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "vector field denoting rotationality of a given vector field",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rotace"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "vector field denoting rotationality of a given vector field",
"word": "roottori"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "vector field denoting rotationality of a given vector field",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rotationnel"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "vector field denoting rotationality of a given vector field",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rotazione"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "mathematics: vector operator",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rotace"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "mathematics: vector operator",
"word": "rotatie"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "mathematics: vector operator",
"word": "roottori"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "mathematics: vector operator",
"word": "rotationnel"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "mathematics: vector operator",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rotacja"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "mathematics: vector operator",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rotacional"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rótor",
"sense": "mathematics: vector operator",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ро́тор"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "mathematics: vector operator",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "rotation"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "plant disease",
"word": "polte"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "plant disease",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arricciamento"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "plant disease",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "accartocciamento"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "plant disease",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "crychiad"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "music: light and dark figure seen in wood",
"word": "loimukuvio"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Curl",
"Nicoline van der Sijs",
"Pre-Germanic"
],
"word": "curl"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of \"to make into a curl or spiral\"",
"word": "straighten"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of \"to make into a curl or spiral\"",
"word": "uncoil"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of \"to make into a curl or spiral\"",
"word": "unroll"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of \"to assume the shape of a curl or spiral\"",
"word": "straighten"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of \"to assume the shape of a curl or spiral\"",
"word": "uncoil"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of \"to assume the shape of a curl or spiral\"",
"word": "unroll"
}
],
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of French translations",
"Requests for review of Ido translations",
"Requests for review of Italian translations",
"Requests for review of Norman translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)l",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)l/1 syllable",
"en:Hair"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "curled"
},
{
"word": "curler"
},
{
"word": "curling"
},
{
"word": "curling iron"
},
{
"word": "curling tongs"
},
{
"word": "curl one out"
},
{
"word": "curl someone's hair"
},
{
"word": "curl up"
},
{
"word": "hair-curling"
},
{
"word": "hair curling"
},
{
"word": "make someone's hair curl"
},
{
"word": "make someone's toenails curl"
},
{
"word": "make someone's toes curl"
},
{
"word": "toe-curling"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "crulle",
"t": "curled, curly"
},
"expansion": "Middle English crulle (“curled, curly”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "crul"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch crul",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "crulle",
"t": "curl"
},
"expansion": "crulle (“curl”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kruzlǭ",
"t": "bent or crooked object, curl"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kruzlǭ (“bent or crooked object, curl”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"title": "unknown"
},
"expansion": "unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*grus-"
},
"expansion": "*grus-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gurus-",
"4": "",
"5": "twist, curl"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gurus- (“twist, curl”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "گرس",
"3": "",
"4": "braid of hair",
"tr": "gors"
},
"expansion": "Persian گرس (gors, “braid of hair”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Krulle",
"t": "curl, lock"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian Krulle (“curl, lock”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "krul",
"t": "curl"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian krul (“curl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "krul",
"t": "curl"
},
"expansion": "Dutch krul (“curl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Krull",
"t": "curl"
},
"expansion": "German Low German Krull (“curl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Krolle",
"t": "curl"
},
"expansion": "German Krolle (“curl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "krølle",
"t": "curl"
},
"expansion": "Danish krølle (“curl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "krull",
"t": "curl"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian krull (“curl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Kruus",
"t": "curl"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian Kruus (“curl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "kraus",
"t": "frizzy, crumpled, curly"
},
"expansion": "German kraus (“frizzy, crumpled, curly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "krus",
"t": "curl"
},
"expansion": "Danish krus (“curl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "krusa",
"t": "to crimp, curl"
},
"expansion": "Swedish krusa (“to crimp, curl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽",
"t": "to grind, crush, gnash"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽 (kriustan, “to grind, crush, gnash”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From metathesis of Middle English crulle (“curled, curly”), from Middle Dutch crul, crulle (“curl”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *kruzlǭ (“bent or crooked object, curl”), of unknown origin; possibly from Pre-Germanic *grus-, contracted from Proto-Indo-European *gurus- (“twist, curl”), same source as Persian گرس (gors, “braid of hair”).\nCognate with Saterland Frisian Krulle (“curl, lock”), West Frisian krul (“curl”), Dutch krul (“curl”), German Low German Krull (“curl”), dialectal German Krolle (“curl”), Danish krølle (“curl”), Norwegian krull (“curl”). Related also to Saterland Frisian Kruus (“curl”), German kraus (“frizzy, crumpled, curly”), Danish krus (“curl”), Swedish krusa (“to crimp, curl”). Compare also Gothic 𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽 (kriustan, “to grind, crush, gnash”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "curls",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "curling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "curled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "curled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "curl (third-person singular simple present curls, present participle curling, simple past and past participle curled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "coil"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1998, Nick Hornby, Fever Pitch, page 70",
"text": "He picked the ball up about forty yards out on the left wing, left a trail of Arsenal defenders in his wake, and curled the ball round Geoff Barnett as he came right out into the far corner.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2011 January 12, Saj Chowdhury, “Liverpool 2-1 Liverpool”, in BBC",
"text": "Campbell should have scored but missed with a header from four yards at the far post before Taylor-Fletcher came close to adding a second when he curled an effort over the stranded Reina, who should have been punished for a poor clearance.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cause to move in a curve."
],
"links": [
[
"curve",
"curve"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cause to move in a curve."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2004, Jacquelyn Mitchard, Twelve Times Blessed, page 249",
"text": "She curls her spine; she wedges a pillow between her knees.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make into a curl or spiral."
],
"links": [
[
"spiral",
"spiral"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make into a curl or spiral."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1847, Charlotte Brontë, chapter XXXI, in Jane Eyre",
"text": "It seemed to me that Mr. St. John's under lip protruded, and his upper lip curled a moment.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To assume the shape of a curl or spiral."
],
"links": [
[
"spiral",
"spiral"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To assume the shape of a curl or spiral."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1977, Scott O'Dell, Carlota, page 1",
"text": "Clouds curled down from the mountains.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2007, John Coyne, The Caddie Who Knew Ben Hogan, page 97",
"text": "The ball curled to a stop within six inches of the hole.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To move in curves."
],
"links": [
[
"curve",
"curve"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To move in curves."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Curling"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I curl at my local club every weekend.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To take part in the sport of curling."
],
"links": [
[
"curling",
"curling"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, curling) To take part in the sport of curling."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"topics": [
"ball-games",
"curling",
"games",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Weightlifting"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2008, Joseph Lee Klapper, The Complete Idiot's Guide to Boosting Your Metabolism, page 119",
"text": "When curling the weight, bring the barbell up toward the chin, then return it to its starting position. Keep your elbows and upper arms as immobile as possible to isolate the biceps.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To exercise by bending the arm, wrist, or leg on the exertion against resistance, especially of the biceps."
],
"links": [
[
"weightlifting",
"weightlifting"
],
[
"exercise",
"exercise"
],
[
"arm",
"arm"
],
[
"wrist",
"wrist"
],
[
"leg",
"leg"
],
[
"exertion",
"exertion"
],
[
"resistance",
"resistance"
],
[
"biceps",
"biceps"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, weightlifting) To exercise by bending the arm, wrist, or leg on the exertion against resistance, especially of the biceps."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports",
"weightlifting"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1576, George Gascoigne, The Steele Glas, Epilogus",
"text": "But curl their locks with bodkins and with braids",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To twist or form (the hair, etc.) into ringlets."
],
"links": [
[
"ringlet",
"ringlet"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1633, George Herbert, Jordan",
"text": "Curling with metaphors a plain intention.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To deck with, or as if with, curls; to ornament."
],
"links": [
[
"ornament",
"ornament"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To raise in waves or undulations; to ripple."
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To shape (the brim of a hat) into a curve."
],
"qualifier": "hat-making",
"raw_glosses": [
"(hat-making) To shape (the brim of a hat) into a curve."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɜːl/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kʰəːɫ]",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɜɹl/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kʰɝɫ]",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)l"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-curl.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6e/En-us-curl.ogg/En-us-curl.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/En-us-curl.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "to make into a curl or spiral",
"word": "arch"
},
{
"sense": "to make into a curl or spiral",
"word": "coil"
},
{
"sense": "to make into a curl or spiral",
"word": "roll up"
},
{
"sense": "to assume the shape of a curl or spiral",
"word": "coil"
},
{
"sense": "to assume the shape of a curl or spiral",
"word": "roll up"
},
{
"sense": "to move in curves",
"word": "curve"
},
{
"sense": "to move in curves",
"word": "spiral"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izvivam",
"sense": "to cause to move in a curve",
"word": "извивам"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cause to move in a curve",
"word": "pyöräyttää"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cause to move in a curve",
"word": "kiepauttaa"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vitʹ",
"sense": "to cause to move in a curve",
"word": "вить"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "iskrivljátʹ",
"sense": "to cause to move in a curve",
"word": "искривля́ть"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nakǎdrjam",
"sense": "to make into a curl or spiral",
"word": "накъдрям"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make into a curl or spiral",
"word": "kihartaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make into a curl or spiral",
"word": "kiertää"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make into a curl or spiral",
"word": "taivuttaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make into a curl or spiral",
"word": "rullata"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make into a curl or spiral",
"word": "käpristää"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make into a curl or spiral",
"word": "encaracolar"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "helíssō",
"sense": "to make into a curl or spiral",
"word": "ἑλίσσω"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make into a curl or spiral",
"word": "encaracolar"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "to make into a curl or spiral",
"word": "snìomh"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nakǎdrjam se",
"sense": "to assume the shape of a curl or spiral",
"word": "накъдрям се"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to assume the shape of a curl or spiral",
"word": "kihartua"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to assume the shape of a curl or spiral",
"word": "rullautua"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to assume the shape of a curl or spiral",
"word": "mennä rullalle"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to assume the shape of a curl or spiral",
"word": "käpristyä"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"english": "referring to waves as they break",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to assume the shape of a curl or spiral",
"word": "kapukapu"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izvivam se",
"sense": "to move in curves",
"word": "извивам се"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to move in curves",
"word": "kiemurrella"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to move in curves",
"word": "mutkitella"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to move in curves",
"word": "luikertaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to move in curves",
"word": "luikerrella"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vítʹsja",
"sense": "to move in curves",
"word": "ви́ться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "izvivátʹsja",
"sense": "to move in curves",
"word": "извива́ться"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to take part in the sport of curling",
"word": "pelata curlingia"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to take part in the sport of curling",
"word": "kurlata"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to take part in the sport of curling",
"word": "spela curling"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "weightlifting: to exercise by bending on the exertion",
"word": "pumpata"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to twist or form into ringlets",
"word": "burmaq"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to twist or form into ringlets",
"word": "kihartaa"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to twist or form into ringlets",
"word": "takawiriwiri"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to deck with, or as if with, curls",
"word": "koristella"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to raise in waves or undulations",
"word": "aallottaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to shape the brim of a hat into a curve",
"word": "taivuttaa"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Curl",
"Nicoline van der Sijs",
"Pre-Germanic"
],
"word": "curl"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.