See billow in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰelǵʰ-"
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"name": "root"
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{
"args": {
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"2": "enm",
"3": "*bilowe"
},
"expansion": "Middle English *bilowe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "bylgja"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse bylgja",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*bulgijō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bulgijō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "bølge",
"t": "wave"
},
"expansion": "Danish bølge (“wave”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "bølge",
"t": "wave"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål bølge (“wave”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "bylgje",
"t": "wave"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk bylgje (“wave”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Bulge"
},
"expansion": "German Low German Bulge",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Bulge",
"t": "billow, wave"
},
"expansion": "German Bulge (“billow, wave”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English *bilowe, *bilewe, *bilwe, *bilȝe, borrowed from Old Norse bylgja, from Proto-Germanic *bulgijō. Cognates include Danish bølge (“wave”), Norwegian Bokmål bølge (“wave”), Norwegian Nynorsk bylgje (“wave”), German Low German Bulge, Bulg, Bülg (“billow, wave”), German Bulge (“billow, wave”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "billows",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
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"expansion": "billow (plural billows)",
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"pos": "noun",
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"derived": [
{
"word": "billow maiden"
},
{
"word": "billowous"
},
{
"word": "billowsome"
},
{
"word": "billowy"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1782, William Cowper, “Expostulation”, in Poems by William Cowper, of the Inner Temple, Esq.:",
"text": "[…] Whom the winds waft where'er the billows roll, / From the world's girdle to the frozen pole;",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1842, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, “The Wreck of the Hesperus”, in Ballads and Other Poems:",
"text": "The snow fell hissing in the brine, / And the billows frothed like yeast.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1851, Herman Melville, Moby Dick, Chapter 9:",
"text": "But at that moment he is sprung upon by a panther billow leaping over the bulwarks. Wave after wave thus leaps into the ship […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1864, Frank Moore, Songs of the Soldiers, page 238:",
"text": "The banners outflame the blazing morn, / O'er billows of bayonet, sword, and spear.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1873, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, “The Brook and the Wave”, in Birds of Passage:",
"text": "And the brooklet has found the billow / Though they flowed so far apart.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"text": "1893 August, Rudyard Kipling, \"Seal Lullaby\", in \"The White Seal\", National Review.\nWhere billow meets billow, there soft be thy pillow; / Ah, weary wee flipperling, curl at thy ease!",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1922, Clark Ashton Smith, The Caravan:",
"text": "Have the swirling sands engulfed them, on a noon of storm when the desert rose like the sea, and rolled its tawny billows on the walled gardens of the green and fragrant lands?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A large wave, swell, surge, or undulating mass of something, such as water, smoke, fabric or sound"
],
"id": "en-billow-en-noun-6yiSO69F",
"links": [
[
"large",
"large"
],
[
"wave",
"wave"
],
[
"swell",
"swell"
],
[
"surge",
"surge"
],
[
"undulating",
"undulating"
],
[
"mass",
"mass"
],
[
"water",
"water"
],
[
"smoke",
"smoke"
],
[
"fabric",
"fabric"
],
[
"sound",
"sound"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "źur tulqın",
"sense": "large wave",
"word": "ҙур тулҡын"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ogromna vǎlna",
"sense": "large wave",
"word": "огромна вълна"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "large wave",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "onada"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jùlàng",
"sense": "large wave",
"word": "巨浪"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "large wave",
"word": "ondego"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "large wave",
"word": "hyökyaalto"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "large wave",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "flot"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "large wave",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vaga"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "large wave",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Woge"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "klúdōn",
"sense": "large wave",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "κλύδων"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "large wave",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "maroso"
},
{
"alt": "はろう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "harō",
"sense": "large wave",
"word": "波浪"
},
{
"code": "mg",
"lang": "Malagasy",
"sense": "large wave",
"word": "alòna"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "large wave",
"word": "puhitai"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "large wave",
"word": "apu"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "large wave",
"word": "apu tai"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "large wave",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ondada"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "large wave",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vaga"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "large wave",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "èrsa"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "mevc",
"sense": "large wave",
"word": "موج"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "large wave",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bałwan"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "large wave",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vaga"
},
{
"code": "pa",
"lang": "Punjabi",
"roman": "challa",
"sense": "large wave",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ਛੱਲ"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bolʹšája volná",
"sense": "large wave",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "больша́я волна́"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "val",
"sense": "large wave",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вал"
},
{
"code": "sco",
"lang": "Scots",
"sense": "large wave",
"word": "adnasjur"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "large wave",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "oleada"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "large wave",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ola"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "large wave",
"word": "bölja"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "velýka xvýlja",
"sense": "large wave",
"word": "вели́ка хви́ля"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɪləʊ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɪloʊ/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɪləʊ/",
"tags": [
"California"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-billow.ogg",
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},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɪləʉ/",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪləʊ"
}
],
"word": "billow"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "billowingly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "embillow"
}
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"3": "*bilowe"
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"expansion": "Middle English *bilowe",
"name": "inh"
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{
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"2": "non",
"3": "bylgja"
},
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"3": "*bulgijō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bulgijō",
"name": "der"
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"2": "bølge",
"t": "wave"
},
"expansion": "Danish bølge (“wave”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "bølge",
"t": "wave"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål bølge (“wave”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "bylgje",
"t": "wave"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk bylgje (“wave”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Bulge"
},
"expansion": "German Low German Bulge",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Bulge",
"t": "billow, wave"
},
"expansion": "German Bulge (“billow, wave”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English *bilowe, *bilewe, *bilwe, *bilȝe, borrowed from Old Norse bylgja, from Proto-Germanic *bulgijō. Cognates include Danish bølge (“wave”), Norwegian Bokmål bølge (“wave”), Norwegian Nynorsk bylgje (“wave”), German Low German Bulge, Bulg, Bülg (“billow, wave”), German Bulge (“billow, wave”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "billows",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "billowing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "billowed",
"tags": [
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"past"
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},
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"form": "billowed",
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}
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{
"ref": "1920, Peter B. Kyne, chapter 2, in The Understanding Heart:",
"text": "During the preceding afternoon a heavy North Pacific fog had blown in … Scudding eastward from the ocean, it had crept up and over the redwood-studded crests of the Coast Range mountains, […], billowing steadily eastward, it had rolled up the western slopes of the Siskiyou Range, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1942, Emily Carr, “Chain Gang”, in The Book of Small, Toronto, Ont.: Oxford University Press, →OCLC:",
"text": "The nuns' veils billowed and flapped behind the snaky line of girls as if the sisters were shooing the serpent from the Garden of Eden.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2015, Alison Matthews David, Fashion Victims: The Damages of Dress Past and Present, →ISBN, page 59:",
"text": "The black clouds of mercury vapour constantly billowing from the hatter's workshops and out into the streets must have been a horrifying sight.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2015 June 12, James Pearson, “Popular Pyongyang tourist spot the Koryo Hotel catches fire”, in Andrew Hay, Paul Tait, editors, Reuters, sourced from SEOUL (Reuters), archived from the original on 2024-07-29, World:",
"text": "A section of the Koryo Hotel, one of the oldest and best known hotels in Pyongyang, caught fire on Thursday, sources who witnessed the fire in the North Korean capital told Reuters.\nImages obtained by Reuters showed plumes of black smoke billowing from the bridge connecting the two 43-storey towers of the 143-metre (469-feet) structure, which lies a short distance from Pyongyang's bustling train station and the Taedong river that cuts through the city.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To surge or roll in billows."
],
"id": "en-billow-en-verb-ZgNV-LNd",
"links": [
[
"roll",
"roll"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nadigam se",
"sense": "to surge in billows",
"word": "надигам се"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to surge in billows",
"word": "deinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "of liquid",
"sense": "to surge in billows",
"word": "hyökyä"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "of a mass",
"sense": "to surge in billows",
"word": "vyöryä"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "of smoke",
"sense": "to surge in billows",
"word": "tupruta"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to surge in billows",
"word": "ondoyer"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to surge in billows",
"word": "wabern"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to surge in billows",
"word": "wogen"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"note": "of water",
"sense": "to surge in billows",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "bałwanić"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"note": "of water",
"sense": "to surge in billows",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zbałwanić"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vzdymátʹsja",
"sense": "to surge in billows",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "вздыма́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to surge in billows",
"word": "bölja"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zdijmatysja",
"sense": "to surge in billows",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "здійматися"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "majoríty",
"sense": "to surge in billows",
"word": "майорі́ти"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 35 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 36 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 30 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 33 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 30 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bashkir translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 37 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 30 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 32 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 31 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 30 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 35 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 30 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 30 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 31 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 31 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 30 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malagasy translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 31 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 30 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 30 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Occitan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 33 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 32 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 28 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 30 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Punjabi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 31 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 30 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scots translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 32 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 30 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 30 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1936 June 30, Margaret Mitchell, chapter I, in Gone with the Wind, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, →OCLC; republished New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, 1944, →OCLC:",
"text": "Her new green flowered-muslin dress spread its twelve yards of billowing material over her hoops and exactly matched the flat-heeled green morocco slippers her father had recently brought her from Atlanta.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1983, Peter De Vries, chapter 9, in Slouching Towards Kalamazoo, page 125:",
"text": "She had changed her auburn hair. Instead of wearing it in a billowing puff over her brow, she had gathered it into a ponytail, secured with a length of yellow yarn.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To swell out or bulge."
],
"id": "en-billow-en-verb-LL2M1kna",
"links": [
[
"swell",
"swell"
],
[
"bulge",
"bulge"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izduvam se",
"sense": "to swell or bulge",
"word": "издувам се"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to swell or bulge",
"word": "zwellen"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to swell or bulge",
"word": "doen bol staan"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to swell or bulge",
"word": "pullistua"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to swell or bulge",
"word": "bauschen"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "naduvátʹsja",
"sense": "to swell or bulge",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "надува́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vypjáčivatʹsja",
"sense": "to swell or bulge",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "выпя́чиваться"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to swell or bulge",
"word": "hincharse"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to swell or bulge",
"word": "inflarse"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vypýnuvatysja",
"sense": "to swell or bulge",
"word": "випи́нуватися"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zdijmátysja",
"sense": "to swell or bulge",
"word": "здійма́тися"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɪləʊ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɪloʊ/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɪləʊ/",
"tags": [
"California"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-billow.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ac/En-us-billow.ogg/En-us-billow.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/En-us-billow.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɪləʉ/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪləʊ"
}
],
"word": "billow"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰel- (blow)",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰelǵʰ-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɪləʊ",
"Rhymes:English/ɪləʊ/2 syllables",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Bashkir translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Malagasy translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Punjabi translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scots translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "billow maiden"
},
{
"word": "billowous"
},
{
"word": "billowsome"
},
{
"word": "billowy"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰelǵʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "*bilowe"
},
"expansion": "Middle English *bilowe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "bylgja"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse bylgja",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*bulgijō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bulgijō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "bølge",
"t": "wave"
},
"expansion": "Danish bølge (“wave”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "bølge",
"t": "wave"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål bølge (“wave”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "bylgje",
"t": "wave"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk bylgje (“wave”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Bulge"
},
"expansion": "German Low German Bulge",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Bulge",
"t": "billow, wave"
},
"expansion": "German Bulge (“billow, wave”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English *bilowe, *bilewe, *bilwe, *bilȝe, borrowed from Old Norse bylgja, from Proto-Germanic *bulgijō. Cognates include Danish bølge (“wave”), Norwegian Bokmål bølge (“wave”), Norwegian Nynorsk bylgje (“wave”), German Low German Bulge, Bulg, Bülg (“billow, wave”), German Bulge (“billow, wave”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "billows",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "billow (plural billows)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1782, William Cowper, “Expostulation”, in Poems by William Cowper, of the Inner Temple, Esq.:",
"text": "[…] Whom the winds waft where'er the billows roll, / From the world's girdle to the frozen pole;",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1842, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, “The Wreck of the Hesperus”, in Ballads and Other Poems:",
"text": "The snow fell hissing in the brine, / And the billows frothed like yeast.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1851, Herman Melville, Moby Dick, Chapter 9:",
"text": "But at that moment he is sprung upon by a panther billow leaping over the bulwarks. Wave after wave thus leaps into the ship […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1864, Frank Moore, Songs of the Soldiers, page 238:",
"text": "The banners outflame the blazing morn, / O'er billows of bayonet, sword, and spear.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1873, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, “The Brook and the Wave”, in Birds of Passage:",
"text": "And the brooklet has found the billow / Though they flowed so far apart.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"text": "1893 August, Rudyard Kipling, \"Seal Lullaby\", in \"The White Seal\", National Review.\nWhere billow meets billow, there soft be thy pillow; / Ah, weary wee flipperling, curl at thy ease!",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1922, Clark Ashton Smith, The Caravan:",
"text": "Have the swirling sands engulfed them, on a noon of storm when the desert rose like the sea, and rolled its tawny billows on the walled gardens of the green and fragrant lands?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A large wave, swell, surge, or undulating mass of something, such as water, smoke, fabric or sound"
],
"links": [
[
"large",
"large"
],
[
"wave",
"wave"
],
[
"swell",
"swell"
],
[
"surge",
"surge"
],
[
"undulating",
"undulating"
],
[
"mass",
"mass"
],
[
"water",
"water"
],
[
"smoke",
"smoke"
],
[
"fabric",
"fabric"
],
[
"sound",
"sound"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɪləʊ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɪloʊ/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɪləʊ/",
"tags": [
"California"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-billow.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ac/En-us-billow.ogg/En-us-billow.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/En-us-billow.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɪləʉ/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪləʊ"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "źur tulqın",
"sense": "large wave",
"word": "ҙур тулҡын"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ogromna vǎlna",
"sense": "large wave",
"word": "огромна вълна"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "large wave",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "onada"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jùlàng",
"sense": "large wave",
"word": "巨浪"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "large wave",
"word": "ondego"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "large wave",
"word": "hyökyaalto"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "large wave",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "flot"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "large wave",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vaga"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "large wave",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Woge"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "klúdōn",
"sense": "large wave",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "κλύδων"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "large wave",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "maroso"
},
{
"alt": "はろう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "harō",
"sense": "large wave",
"word": "波浪"
},
{
"code": "mg",
"lang": "Malagasy",
"sense": "large wave",
"word": "alòna"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "large wave",
"word": "puhitai"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "large wave",
"word": "apu"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "large wave",
"word": "apu tai"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "large wave",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ondada"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "large wave",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vaga"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "large wave",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "èrsa"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "mevc",
"sense": "large wave",
"word": "موج"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "large wave",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bałwan"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "large wave",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vaga"
},
{
"code": "pa",
"lang": "Punjabi",
"roman": "challa",
"sense": "large wave",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ਛੱਲ"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bolʹšája volná",
"sense": "large wave",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "больша́я волна́"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "val",
"sense": "large wave",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вал"
},
{
"code": "sco",
"lang": "Scots",
"sense": "large wave",
"word": "adnasjur"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "large wave",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "oleada"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "large wave",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ola"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "large wave",
"word": "bölja"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "velýka xvýlja",
"sense": "large wave",
"word": "вели́ка хви́ля"
}
],
"word": "billow"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰel- (blow)",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰelǵʰ-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɪləʊ",
"Rhymes:English/ɪləʊ/2 syllables",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Bashkir translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Malagasy translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Punjabi translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scots translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "billowingly"
},
{
"word": "embillow"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰelǵʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "*bilowe"
},
"expansion": "Middle English *bilowe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "bylgja"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse bylgja",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*bulgijō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bulgijō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "bølge",
"t": "wave"
},
"expansion": "Danish bølge (“wave”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "bølge",
"t": "wave"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål bølge (“wave”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "bylgje",
"t": "wave"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk bylgje (“wave”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Bulge"
},
"expansion": "German Low German Bulge",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Bulge",
"t": "billow, wave"
},
"expansion": "German Bulge (“billow, wave”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English *bilowe, *bilewe, *bilwe, *bilȝe, borrowed from Old Norse bylgja, from Proto-Germanic *bulgijō. Cognates include Danish bølge (“wave”), Norwegian Bokmål bølge (“wave”), Norwegian Nynorsk bylgje (“wave”), German Low German Bulge, Bulg, Bülg (“billow, wave”), German Bulge (“billow, wave”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "billows",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "billowing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "billowed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "billowed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "billow (third-person singular simple present billows, present participle billowing, simple past and past participle billowed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1920, Peter B. Kyne, chapter 2, in The Understanding Heart:",
"text": "During the preceding afternoon a heavy North Pacific fog had blown in … Scudding eastward from the ocean, it had crept up and over the redwood-studded crests of the Coast Range mountains, […], billowing steadily eastward, it had rolled up the western slopes of the Siskiyou Range, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1942, Emily Carr, “Chain Gang”, in The Book of Small, Toronto, Ont.: Oxford University Press, →OCLC:",
"text": "The nuns' veils billowed and flapped behind the snaky line of girls as if the sisters were shooing the serpent from the Garden of Eden.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2015, Alison Matthews David, Fashion Victims: The Damages of Dress Past and Present, →ISBN, page 59:",
"text": "The black clouds of mercury vapour constantly billowing from the hatter's workshops and out into the streets must have been a horrifying sight.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2015 June 12, James Pearson, “Popular Pyongyang tourist spot the Koryo Hotel catches fire”, in Andrew Hay, Paul Tait, editors, Reuters, sourced from SEOUL (Reuters), archived from the original on 2024-07-29, World:",
"text": "A section of the Koryo Hotel, one of the oldest and best known hotels in Pyongyang, caught fire on Thursday, sources who witnessed the fire in the North Korean capital told Reuters.\nImages obtained by Reuters showed plumes of black smoke billowing from the bridge connecting the two 43-storey towers of the 143-metre (469-feet) structure, which lies a short distance from Pyongyang's bustling train station and the Taedong river that cuts through the city.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To surge or roll in billows."
],
"links": [
[
"roll",
"roll"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1936 June 30, Margaret Mitchell, chapter I, in Gone with the Wind, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, →OCLC; republished New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, 1944, →OCLC:",
"text": "Her new green flowered-muslin dress spread its twelve yards of billowing material over her hoops and exactly matched the flat-heeled green morocco slippers her father had recently brought her from Atlanta.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1983, Peter De Vries, chapter 9, in Slouching Towards Kalamazoo, page 125:",
"text": "She had changed her auburn hair. Instead of wearing it in a billowing puff over her brow, she had gathered it into a ponytail, secured with a length of yellow yarn.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To swell out or bulge."
],
"links": [
[
"swell",
"swell"
],
[
"bulge",
"bulge"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɪləʊ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɪloʊ/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɪləʊ/",
"tags": [
"California"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-billow.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ac/En-us-billow.ogg/En-us-billow.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/En-us-billow.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɪləʉ/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪləʊ"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nadigam se",
"sense": "to surge in billows",
"word": "надигам се"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to surge in billows",
"word": "deinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "of liquid",
"sense": "to surge in billows",
"word": "hyökyä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "of a mass",
"sense": "to surge in billows",
"word": "vyöryä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "of smoke",
"sense": "to surge in billows",
"word": "tupruta"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to surge in billows",
"word": "ondoyer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to surge in billows",
"word": "wabern"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to surge in billows",
"word": "wogen"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"note": "of water",
"sense": "to surge in billows",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "bałwanić"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"note": "of water",
"sense": "to surge in billows",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zbałwanić"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vzdymátʹsja",
"sense": "to surge in billows",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "вздыма́ться"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to surge in billows",
"word": "bölja"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zdijmatysja",
"sense": "to surge in billows",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "здійматися"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "majoríty",
"sense": "to surge in billows",
"word": "майорі́ти"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izduvam se",
"sense": "to swell or bulge",
"word": "издувам се"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to swell or bulge",
"word": "zwellen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to swell or bulge",
"word": "doen bol staan"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to swell or bulge",
"word": "pullistua"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to swell or bulge",
"word": "bauschen"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "naduvátʹsja",
"sense": "to swell or bulge",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "надува́ться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vypjáčivatʹsja",
"sense": "to swell or bulge",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "выпя́чиваться"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to swell or bulge",
"word": "hincharse"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to swell or bulge",
"word": "inflarse"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vypýnuvatysja",
"sense": "to swell or bulge",
"word": "випи́нуватися"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zdijmátysja",
"sense": "to swell or bulge",
"word": "здійма́тися"
}
],
"word": "billow"
}
Download raw JSONL data for billow meaning in English (17.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (ce0be54 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.