"calculus" meaning in English

See calculus in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈkæl.kjʊ.ləs/ [UK], /ˈkæl.kjə.ləs/ [General-American] Audio: calculus-pron.ogg Forms: calculi [plural], calculuses [plural]
Etymology: * Borrowed from Latin calculus (“a pebble or stone used as reckoning counters in abacus”), diminutive of calx (“limestone”) + -ulus. * Mathematical topic is from differential calculus. Etymology templates: {{bor|en|la|calculus|t=a pebble or stone used as reckoning counters in abacus}} Latin calculus (“a pebble or stone used as reckoning counters in abacus”) Head templates: {{en-noun|~|calculi|+}} calculus (countable and uncountable, plural calculi or calculuses)
  1. (dated, countable) Calculation; computation. Tags: countable, dated Synonyms: ciphering, reckoning, calculation
    Sense id: en-calculus-en-noun-noUPgEEd
  2. (countable, mathematics) Any formal system in which symbolic expressions are manipulated according to fixed rules. Tags: countable Categories (topical): Mathematics Translations (formal mathematical system): analise (Afrikaans), calculus (Afrikaans), حِسْبَان (ḥisbān) [masculine] (Arabic), համարողություն (hamaroġutʻyun) (Armenian), calculu (Campidanese Sardinian), càrculu (Campidanese Sardinian), càlcul [masculine] (Catalan), 微積分學 (Chinese Cantonese), 微积分学 (mei⁴ zik¹ fan¹ hok⁶) (Chinese Cantonese), 微積分學 (Chinese Mandarin), 微积分学 (wēijīfēnxué) (Chinese Mandarin), počet [masculine] (Czech), laskenta (Finnish), calcul [masculine] (French), calculu (Gallurese), კალკულუსი (ḳalḳulusi) (Georgian), აღრიცხვა (aɣricxva) (Georgian), Kalkül [masculine] (German), λογισμός (logismós) [masculine] (Greek), कलन (kalan) (Hindi), kalkulus (Hungarian), kalkulus (Indonesian), calcalas [masculine] (Irish), calcolo (Italian), 計算 (keisan) (Japanese), 미적분 (mijeokbun) (Korean), 미적분학 (mijeokbunhak) (Korean), tuanaki (Maori), beregning [feminine, masculine] (Norwegian), rachunek [masculine] (Polish), cálculo (Portuguese), calcul [neuter] (Romanian), исчисле́ние (isčislénije) [neuter] (Russian), calculu [Logudorese] (Sardinian), càrculu [Logudorese] (Sardinian), càlcuru (Sassarese), ра̀чӯн [Cyrillic, masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), ràčūn [Roman, masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), počet (Slovak), cálculo [masculine] (Spanish), kalkyl [common-gender] (Swedish), tayahan (Tagalog), calcwlws [masculine] (Welsh), קאַלקולוס (kalkulus) [masculine] (Yiddish)
    Sense id: en-calculus-en-noun-uccjceRD Categories (other): English terms with collocations, Terms with Arabic translations, Terms with Cantonese translations, Terms with Greek translations, Terms with Hindi translations, Terms with Ido translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Japanese translations, Terms with Latin translations, Terms with Mandarin translations, Terms with Persian translations, Terms with Sassarese translations, Terms with Welsh translations Disambiguation of Terms with Arabic translations: 4 28 31 7 19 10 Disambiguation of Terms with Cantonese translations: 5 28 34 4 19 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Greek translations: 10 28 27 6 20 10 Disambiguation of Terms with Hindi translations: 6 30 33 5 17 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Ido translations: 4 33 33 3 19 8 Disambiguation of Terms with Italian translations: 5 29 35 3 19 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Japanese translations: 5 33 33 3 18 8 Disambiguation of Terms with Latin translations: 5 29 35 3 19 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Mandarin translations: 5 25 30 6 22 11 Disambiguation of Terms with Persian translations: 4 31 34 5 16 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Sassarese translations: 5 28 34 4 19 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Welsh translations: 7 27 33 4 19 9 Topics: mathematics, sciences Disambiguation of 'formal mathematical system': 8 60 11 5 10 6
  3. (uncountable, often definite, the calculus) Differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject. Tags: definite, often, uncountable Categories (topical): Calculus Synonyms: infinitesimal calculus Translations (differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject): analise (Afrikaans), calculus (Afrikaans), حِسْبَان (ḥisbān) [masculine] (Arabic), التَّفَاضُل وَ التَّكَامُل (at-tafāḍul wa t-takāmul) [masculine] (Arabic), حِسَاب التَّفَاضُل وَ التَّكَامُل (ḥisāb at-tafāḍul wa t-takāmul) [masculine] (Arabic), কলনবিদ্যা (kolnobidda) (Bengali), calculu (Campidanese Sardinian), càrculu (Campidanese Sardinian), càlcul [masculine] (Catalan), 微積分 (Chinese Mandarin), 微积分 (wēijīfēn) (Chinese Mandarin), počet (Czech), kɛkrɛ-biire (Farefare), differentiaalilaskenta (Finnish), calcul [masculine] (French), calculu (Gallurese), დიფერენციალური აღრიცხვა (diperencialuri aɣricxva) (Georgian), Kalkül [masculine] (German), λογισμός (logismós) [masculine] (Greek), કલન (kalan) (Gujarati), חדו"א (ẖédva) (Hebrew), कलन (kalan) (Hindi), deilda- og heildareikningur [masculine] (Icelandic), diffur- og tegurreikningur [masculine] (Icelandic), örsmæðareikningur [masculine] (Icelandic), reiknivísi [feminine] (Icelandic), kalkulo (Ido), kalkulus (Indonesian), calcolo [masculine] (Italian), 微積分 (bisekibun) (Japanese), tuanaki (Maori), कलन (kalan) (Marathi), matematikk [masculine] (Norwegian), حساب دیفرانسیل و انتگرال (hesâbe diferânsyal o entegrâl) (Persian), rachunek różniczkowy i całkowy [masculine] (Polish), cálculo [masculine] (Portuguese), calcul diferențial [neuter] (Romanian), математический анализ (matematičeskij analiz) (Russian), calculu [Logudorese] (Sardinian), càrculu [Logudorese] (Sardinian), càlcuru (Sassarese), infinitezimalni račun [Roman, masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), matematická analýza (Slovak), cálculo diferencial [masculine] (Spanish), analys [common-gender] (Swedish), tayahan (Tagalog), కలన గణితం (kalana gaṇitaṁ) (Telugu), แคลคูลัส (Thai), kalkülüs (Turkish), calcwlws [masculine] (Welsh), קאַלקולוס (kalkulus) [masculine] (Yiddish)
    Sense id: en-calculus-en-noun-0fRdCgmJ Disambiguation of Calculus: 3 32 43 2 14 6 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, Entries with translation boxes, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries, Terms with Afrikaans translations, Terms with Arabic translations, Terms with Armenian translations, Terms with Bengali translations, Terms with Bulgarian translations, Terms with Cantonese translations, Terms with Catalan translations, Terms with Czech translations, Terms with Farefare translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with Gallurese translations, Terms with Georgian translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Greek translations, Terms with Gujarati translations, Terms with Hebrew translations, Terms with Hindi translations, Terms with Hungarian translations, Terms with Icelandic translations, Terms with Ido translations, Terms with Indonesian translations, Terms with Irish translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Japanese translations, Terms with Korean translations, Terms with Latin translations, Terms with Macedonian translations, Terms with Mandarin translations, Terms with Maori translations, Terms with Marathi translations, Terms with Norwegian translations, Terms with Persian translations, Terms with Polish translations, Terms with Portuguese translations, Terms with Romanian translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Sardinian translations, Terms with Sassarese translations, Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations, Terms with Slovak translations, Terms with Spanish translations, Terms with Swedish translations, Terms with Tagalog translations, Terms with Telugu translations, Terms with Thai translations, Terms with Turkish translations, Terms with Welsh translations, Terms with Yiddish translations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 4 25 32 3 25 11 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 4 31 43 2 14 6 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 5 22 30 3 23 9 1 3 3 1 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 3 24 33 2 24 9 1 2 2 1 Disambiguation of Terms with Afrikaans translations: 5 27 36 5 17 10 Disambiguation of Terms with Arabic translations: 4 28 31 7 19 10 Disambiguation of Terms with Armenian translations: 5 27 36 5 17 11 Disambiguation of Terms with Bengali translations: 4 27 36 5 18 11 Disambiguation of Terms with Bulgarian translations: 6 27 34 5 17 12 Disambiguation of Terms with Cantonese translations: 5 28 34 4 19 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Catalan translations: 4 25 40 5 16 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Czech translations: 5 23 39 6 17 10 Disambiguation of Terms with Farefare translations: 3 28 36 2 21 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 4 25 40 5 16 9 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 8 25 38 3 17 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Gallurese translations: 5 28 35 5 18 10 Disambiguation of Terms with Georgian translations: 5 27 36 5 17 11 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 5 30 38 4 16 8 Disambiguation of Terms with Greek translations: 10 28 27 6 20 10 Disambiguation of Terms with Gujarati translations: 5 27 36 5 17 11 Disambiguation of Terms with Hebrew translations: 5 26 33 5 17 14 Disambiguation of Terms with Hindi translations: 6 30 33 5 17 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Hungarian translations: 8 24 33 6 18 10 Disambiguation of Terms with Icelandic translations: 4 25 40 5 16 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Ido translations: 4 33 33 3 19 8 Disambiguation of Terms with Indonesian translations: 5 27 36 5 17 10 Disambiguation of Terms with Irish translations: 5 27 35 5 18 10 Disambiguation of Terms with Italian translations: 5 29 35 3 19 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Japanese translations: 5 33 33 3 18 8 Disambiguation of Terms with Korean translations: 4 25 40 5 16 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Latin translations: 5 29 35 3 19 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Macedonian translations: 5 28 36 5 17 10 Disambiguation of Terms with Mandarin translations: 5 25 30 6 22 11 Disambiguation of Terms with Maori translations: 5 28 35 5 18 10 Disambiguation of Terms with Marathi translations: 5 27 36 4 18 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Norwegian translations: 5 28 35 5 18 10 Disambiguation of Terms with Persian translations: 4 31 34 5 16 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Polish translations: 6 24 37 5 19 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 4 29 38 4 15 10 Disambiguation of Terms with Romanian translations: 5 27 36 5 17 10 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 4 31 38 3 16 8 Disambiguation of Terms with Sardinian translations: 5 27 36 5 17 10 Disambiguation of Terms with Sassarese translations: 5 28 34 4 19 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations: 5 27 36 5 17 10 Disambiguation of Terms with Slovak translations: 5 27 36 5 17 10 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 5 25 38 3 20 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Swedish translations: 4 26 40 5 16 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Tagalog translations: 4 25 40 5 16 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Telugu translations: 5 27 35 5 18 11 Disambiguation of Terms with Thai translations: 5 27 36 5 17 11 Disambiguation of Terms with Turkish translations: 4 28 35 5 18 10 Disambiguation of Terms with Welsh translations: 7 27 33 4 19 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Yiddish translations: 4 27 35 4 18 12 Disambiguation of 'differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject': 2 11 79 1 6 2
  4. (countable, medicine) A stony concretion that forms in a bodily organ. Tags: countable Categories (topical): Medicine Synonyms: stone Translations (stony concretion in an organ): камък (kamǎk) [masculine] (Bulgarian), càlcul [masculine] (Catalan), 結石 (Chinese Mandarin), 结石 (jiéshí) (Chinese Mandarin), kivi (Finnish), calcul [masculine] (French), lithiase [feminine] (French), Konkrement [neuter] (German), λιθίαση (lithíasi) [feminine] (Greek), અશ્મરી (aśmarī) (Gujarati), अश्मरी (aśmarī) (Hindi), पथरी (pathrī) (Hindi), steinn [masculine] (Icelandic), kalkulus (Indonesian), batu (Indonesian), 結石 (kesseki) (Japanese), lapillus [masculine] (Latin), calculus [masculine] (Latin), ка́мен (kámen) [masculine] (Macedonian), cálculo [masculine] (Portuguese), piatră [feminine] (Romanian), calcul [masculine] (Romanian), ка́мень (kámenʹ) [masculine] (Russian), каме́нац [Cyrillic, masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), kaménac [Roman, masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), cálculo [masculine] (Spanish), นิ่ว (nîu) (Thai), taş (Turkish)
    Sense id: en-calculus-en-noun-en:medical_concretion Topics: medicine, sciences Disambiguation of 'stony concretion in an organ': 2 12 4 76 4 3
  5. (uncountable, dentistry) Deposits of calcium phosphate salts on teeth. Tags: uncountable Categories (topical): Dentistry Synonyms: dental calculus, tartar
    Sense id: en-calculus-en-noun-u1F1hACn Categories (other): Terms with Arabic translations, Terms with Cantonese translations, Terms with Greek translations, Terms with Hindi translations, Terms with Ido translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Japanese translations, Terms with Latin translations, Terms with Mandarin translations, Terms with Persian translations, Terms with Sassarese translations, Terms with Welsh translations Disambiguation of Terms with Arabic translations: 4 28 31 7 19 10 Disambiguation of Terms with Cantonese translations: 5 28 34 4 19 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Greek translations: 10 28 27 6 20 10 Disambiguation of Terms with Hindi translations: 6 30 33 5 17 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Ido translations: 4 33 33 3 19 8 Disambiguation of Terms with Italian translations: 5 29 35 3 19 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Japanese translations: 5 33 33 3 18 8 Disambiguation of Terms with Latin translations: 5 29 35 3 19 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Mandarin translations: 5 25 30 6 22 11 Disambiguation of Terms with Persian translations: 4 31 34 5 16 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Sassarese translations: 5 28 34 4 19 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Welsh translations: 7 27 33 4 19 9 Topics: dentistry, medicine, sciences
  6. (countable) A decision-making method, especially one appropriate for a specialised realm. Tags: countable
    Sense id: en-calculus-en-noun-5dekJtow Categories (other): Terms with Arabic translations, Terms with Mandarin translations Disambiguation of Terms with Arabic translations: 4 28 31 7 19 10 Disambiguation of Terms with Mandarin translations: 5 25 30 6 22 11
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: calcify, calcium, calculate, algebra, analysis, concretion

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
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    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "absolute differential calculus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "all students take calculus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "calculus of moving surfaces"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "calculus of sums and differences"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "calculus of variations"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "dental calculus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "differential calculus"
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    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "felicific calculus"
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    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "finite-difference calculus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "fractional calculus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "hedonic calculus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "hedonistic calculus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "implicational propositional calculus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "infinitesimal calculus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "integral calculus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "jackstone calculus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "join calculus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Kirby calculus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "lambda calculus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "logical calculus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "modular calculus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "multivariable calculus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "noncalculus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "operational calculus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "pi-calculus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "precalculus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "predicate calculus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "propositional calculus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "renal calculus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Ricci calculus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Schubert calculus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "sentential calculus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "sequent calculus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "stochastic calculus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "tensor calculus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "tuple calculus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "umbral calculus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "utility calculus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "variational calculus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "vector calculus"
    }
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      "name": "bor"
    }
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  "etymology_text": "* Borrowed from Latin calculus (“a pebble or stone used as reckoning counters in abacus”), diminutive of calx (“limestone”) + -ulus.\n* Mathematical topic is from differential calculus.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "calculi",
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  "hyphenation": [
    "cal‧cu‧lus"
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  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
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      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
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      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "concretion"
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      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "Calculation; computation."
      ],
      "id": "en-calculus-en-noun-noUPgEEd",
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        [
          "Calculation",
          "calculation"
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          "computation"
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        "(dated, countable) Calculation; computation."
      ],
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          "word": "ciphering"
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          "word": "reckoning"
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          "word": "calculation"
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        "dated"
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          "_dis": "4 28 31 7 19 10",
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          "_dis": "4 33 33 3 19 8",
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          "_dis": "5 29 35 3 19 9",
          "kind": "other",
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          "parents": [],
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          "_dis": "5 33 33 3 18 8",
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          "parents": [],
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          "_dis": "5 29 35 3 19 9",
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          "_dis": "5 25 30 6 22 11",
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          "_dis": "4 31 34 5 16 9",
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          "_dis": "7 27 33 4 19 9",
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      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "lambda calculus",
          "type": "example"
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          "text": "predicate calculus",
          "type": "example"
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      "glosses": [
        "Any formal system in which symbolic expressions are manipulated according to fixed rules."
      ],
      "id": "en-calculus-en-noun-uccjceRD",
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      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable, mathematics) Any formal system in which symbolic expressions are manipulated according to fixed rules."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable"
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      "topics": [
        "mathematics",
        "sciences"
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      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "8 60 11 5 10 6",
          "code": "af",
          "lang": "Afrikaans",
          "sense": "formal mathematical system",
          "word": "analise"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 60 11 5 10 6",
          "code": "af",
          "lang": "Afrikaans",
          "sense": "formal mathematical system",
          "word": "calculus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 60 11 5 10 6",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "ḥisbān",
          "sense": "formal mathematical system",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "حِسْبَان"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 60 11 5 10 6",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "hamaroġutʻyun",
          "sense": "formal mathematical system",
          "word": "համարողություն"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 60 11 5 10 6",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "formal mathematical system",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "càlcul"
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          "word": "analise"
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          "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
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          "code": "bn",
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          "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
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          "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
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          "code": "sdn",
          "lang": "Gallurese",
          "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
          "word": "calculu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 11 79 1 6 2",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "diperencialuri aɣricxva",
          "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
          "word": "დიფერენციალური აღრიცხვა"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 11 79 1 6 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Kalkül"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 11 79 1 6 2",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "logismós",
          "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "λογισμός"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 11 79 1 6 2",
          "code": "gu",
          "lang": "Gujarati",
          "roman": "kalan",
          "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
          "word": "કલન"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 11 79 1 6 2",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "ẖédva",
          "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
          "word": "חדו\"א"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 11 79 1 6 2",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "kalan",
          "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
          "word": "कलन"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 11 79 1 6 2",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "deilda- og heildareikningur"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 11 79 1 6 2",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "diffur- og tegurreikningur"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 11 79 1 6 2",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "örsmæðareikningur"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 11 79 1 6 2",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "reiknivísi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 11 79 1 6 2",
          "code": "io",
          "lang": "Ido",
          "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
          "word": "kalkulo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 11 79 1 6 2",
          "code": "id",
          "lang": "Indonesian",
          "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
          "word": "kalkulus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 11 79 1 6 2",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "calcolo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 11 79 1 6 2",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "bisekibun",
          "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
          "word": "微積分"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 11 79 1 6 2",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
          "word": "tuanaki"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 11 79 1 6 2",
          "code": "mr",
          "lang": "Marathi",
          "roman": "kalan",
          "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
          "word": "कलन"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 11 79 1 6 2",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "matematikk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 11 79 1 6 2",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "hesâbe diferânsyal o entegrâl",
          "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
          "word": "حساب دیفرانسیل و انتگرال"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 11 79 1 6 2",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "rachunek różniczkowy i całkowy"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 11 79 1 6 2",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "cálculo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 11 79 1 6 2",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "calcul diferențial"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 11 79 1 6 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "matematičeskij analiz",
          "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
          "word": "математический анализ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 11 79 1 6 2",
          "code": "sc",
          "lang": "Campidanese Sardinian",
          "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
          "word": "calculu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 11 79 1 6 2",
          "code": "sc",
          "lang": "Campidanese Sardinian",
          "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
          "word": "càrculu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 11 79 1 6 2",
          "code": "sc",
          "lang": "Sardinian",
          "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
          "tags": [
            "Logudorese"
          ],
          "word": "calculu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 11 79 1 6 2",
          "code": "sc",
          "lang": "Sardinian",
          "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
          "tags": [
            "Logudorese"
          ],
          "word": "càrculu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 11 79 1 6 2",
          "code": "sdc",
          "lang": "Sassarese",
          "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
          "word": "càlcuru"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 11 79 1 6 2",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
          "tags": [
            "Roman",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "infinitezimalni račun"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 11 79 1 6 2",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
          "word": "matematická analýza"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 11 79 1 6 2",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "cálculo diferencial"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 11 79 1 6 2",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "analys"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 11 79 1 6 2",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
          "word": "tayahan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 11 79 1 6 2",
          "code": "te",
          "lang": "Telugu",
          "roman": "kalana gaṇitaṁ",
          "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
          "word": "కలన గణితం"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 11 79 1 6 2",
          "code": "th",
          "lang": "Thai",
          "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
          "word": "แคลคูลัส"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 11 79 1 6 2",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
          "word": "kalkülüs"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 11 79 1 6 2",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "calcwlws"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 11 79 1 6 2",
          "code": "yi",
          "lang": "Yiddish",
          "roman": "kalkulus",
          "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "קאַלקולוס"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Medicine",
          "orig": "en:Medicine",
          "parents": [
            "Biology",
            "Healthcare",
            "Sciences",
            "Health",
            "All topics",
            "Body",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2015, Jaime Samour, Avian Medicine, page 297:",
          "text": "Commonly indicated for treatment of sour crop (Fig. 11-11, A), an ingluviotomy is done to retrieve crop calculi, ingluvioliths, or foreign bodies (which are not accessible per os) or to retrieve proventricular or ventricular foreign bodies (using micromagnets [glued in place within plastic tubes], lavage, or endoscopy) and for the placement of an ingluviotomy or proventriculotomy tube or the collection of crop wall biopsies.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A stony concretion that forms in a bodily organ."
      ],
      "id": "en-calculus-en-noun-en:medical_concretion",
      "links": [
        [
          "medicine",
          "medicine"
        ],
        [
          "concretion",
          "concretion"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable, medicine) A stony concretion that forms in a bodily organ."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:medical concretion"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "stone"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "medicine",
        "sciences"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "2 12 4 76 4 3",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "kamǎk",
          "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "камък"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 12 4 76 4 3",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "càlcul"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 12 4 76 4 3",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
          "word": "結石"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 12 4 76 4 3",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "jiéshí",
          "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
          "word": "结石"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 12 4 76 4 3",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
          "word": "kivi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 12 4 76 4 3",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "calcul"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 12 4 76 4 3",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "lithiase"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 12 4 76 4 3",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Konkrement"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 12 4 76 4 3",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "lithíasi",
          "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "λιθίαση"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 12 4 76 4 3",
          "code": "gu",
          "lang": "Gujarati",
          "roman": "aśmarī",
          "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
          "word": "અશ્મરી"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 12 4 76 4 3",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "aśmarī",
          "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
          "word": "अश्मरी"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 12 4 76 4 3",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "pathrī",
          "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
          "word": "पथरी"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 12 4 76 4 3",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "steinn"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 12 4 76 4 3",
          "code": "id",
          "lang": "Indonesian",
          "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
          "word": "kalkulus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 12 4 76 4 3",
          "code": "id",
          "lang": "Indonesian",
          "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
          "word": "batu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 12 4 76 4 3",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "kesseki",
          "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
          "word": "結石"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 12 4 76 4 3",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "lapillus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 12 4 76 4 3",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "calculus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 12 4 76 4 3",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "kámen",
          "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ка́мен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 12 4 76 4 3",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "cálculo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 12 4 76 4 3",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "piatră"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 12 4 76 4 3",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "calcul"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 12 4 76 4 3",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "kámenʹ",
          "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ка́мень"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 12 4 76 4 3",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "каме́нац"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 12 4 76 4 3",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
          "tags": [
            "Roman",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "kaménac"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 12 4 76 4 3",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "cálculo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 12 4 76 4 3",
          "code": "th",
          "lang": "Thai",
          "roman": "nîu",
          "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
          "word": "นิ่ว"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 12 4 76 4 3",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
          "word": "taş"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Dentistry",
          "orig": "en:Dentistry",
          "parents": [
            "Medicine",
            "Teeth",
            "Biology",
            "Healthcare",
            "Mouth",
            "Sciences",
            "Health",
            "Face",
            "All topics",
            "Body",
            "Head and neck",
            "Fundamental",
            "Body parts",
            "Anatomy"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 28 31 7 19 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 28 34 4 19 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Cantonese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 28 27 6 20 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Greek translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 30 33 5 17 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 33 33 3 19 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Ido translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 29 35 3 19 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Italian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 33 33 3 18 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 29 35 3 19 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Latin translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 25 30 6 22 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
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          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 31 34 5 16 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Persian translations",
          "parents": [],
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        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 28 34 4 19 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Sassarese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 27 33 4 19 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Deposits of calcium phosphate salts on teeth."
      ],
      "id": "en-calculus-en-noun-u1F1hACn",
      "links": [
        [
          "dentistry",
          "dentistry"
        ],
        [
          "calcium phosphate",
          "calcium phosphate"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(uncountable, dentistry) Deposits of calcium phosphate salts on teeth."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "dental calculus"
        },
        {
          "word": "tartar"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "dentistry",
        "medicine",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "4 28 31 7 19 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 25 30 6 22 11",
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          "name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2008 December 16, “Cameron calls for bankers’ ‘day of reckoning’”, in Financial Times:",
          "text": "The Tory leader refused to state how many financiers he thought should end up in jail, saying: “There is not some simple calculus.\"",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A decision-making method, especially one appropriate for a specialised realm."
      ],
      "id": "en-calculus-en-noun-5dekJtow",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable) A decision-making method, especially one appropriate for a specialised realm."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkæl.kjʊ.ləs/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkæl.kjə.ləs/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "calculus-pron.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/41/Calculus-pron.ogg/Calculus-pron.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Calculus-pron.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Roman abacus",
    "calculus (disambiguation)"
  ],
  "word": "calculus"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English nouns with irregular plurals",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Terms with Afrikaans translations",
    "Terms with Arabic translations",
    "Terms with Armenian translations",
    "Terms with Bengali translations",
    "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
    "Terms with Cantonese translations",
    "Terms with Catalan translations",
    "Terms with Czech translations",
    "Terms with Farefare translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with Gallurese translations",
    "Terms with Georgian translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Greek translations",
    "Terms with Gujarati translations",
    "Terms with Hebrew translations",
    "Terms with Hindi translations",
    "Terms with Hungarian translations",
    "Terms with Icelandic translations",
    "Terms with Ido translations",
    "Terms with Indonesian translations",
    "Terms with Irish translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Japanese translations",
    "Terms with Korean translations",
    "Terms with Latin translations",
    "Terms with Macedonian translations",
    "Terms with Mandarin translations",
    "Terms with Maori translations",
    "Terms with Marathi translations",
    "Terms with Norwegian translations",
    "Terms with Persian translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Romanian translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Sardinian translations",
    "Terms with Sassarese translations",
    "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
    "Terms with Slovak translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations",
    "Terms with Tagalog translations",
    "Terms with Telugu translations",
    "Terms with Thai translations",
    "Terms with Turkish translations",
    "Terms with Welsh translations",
    "Terms with Yiddish translations",
    "en:Calculus",
    "la:Mathematics",
    "la:Rocks"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "absolute differential calculus"
    },
    {
      "word": "all students take calculus"
    },
    {
      "word": "calculus of moving surfaces"
    },
    {
      "word": "calculus of sums and differences"
    },
    {
      "word": "calculus of variations"
    },
    {
      "word": "dental calculus"
    },
    {
      "word": "differential calculus"
    },
    {
      "word": "felicific calculus"
    },
    {
      "word": "finite-difference calculus"
    },
    {
      "word": "fractional calculus"
    },
    {
      "word": "hedonic calculus"
    },
    {
      "word": "hedonistic calculus"
    },
    {
      "word": "implicational propositional calculus"
    },
    {
      "word": "infinitesimal calculus"
    },
    {
      "word": "integral calculus"
    },
    {
      "word": "jackstone calculus"
    },
    {
      "word": "join calculus"
    },
    {
      "word": "Kirby calculus"
    },
    {
      "word": "lambda calculus"
    },
    {
      "word": "logical calculus"
    },
    {
      "word": "modular calculus"
    },
    {
      "word": "multivariable calculus"
    },
    {
      "word": "noncalculus"
    },
    {
      "word": "operational calculus"
    },
    {
      "word": "pi-calculus"
    },
    {
      "word": "precalculus"
    },
    {
      "word": "predicate calculus"
    },
    {
      "word": "propositional calculus"
    },
    {
      "word": "renal calculus"
    },
    {
      "word": "Ricci calculus"
    },
    {
      "word": "Schubert calculus"
    },
    {
      "word": "sentential calculus"
    },
    {
      "word": "sequent calculus"
    },
    {
      "word": "stochastic calculus"
    },
    {
      "word": "tensor calculus"
    },
    {
      "word": "tuple calculus"
    },
    {
      "word": "umbral calculus"
    },
    {
      "word": "utility calculus"
    },
    {
      "word": "variational calculus"
    },
    {
      "word": "vector calculus"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "calculus",
        "t": "a pebble or stone used as reckoning counters in abacus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin calculus (“a pebble or stone used as reckoning counters in abacus”)",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "* Borrowed from Latin calculus (“a pebble or stone used as reckoning counters in abacus”), diminutive of calx (“limestone”) + -ulus.\n* Mathematical topic is from differential calculus.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "calculi",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calculuses",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~",
        "2": "calculi",
        "3": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "calculus (countable and uncountable, plural calculi or calculuses)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "cal‧cu‧lus"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "calcify"
    },
    {
      "word": "calcium"
    },
    {
      "word": "calculate"
    },
    {
      "word": "algebra"
    },
    {
      "word": "analysis"
    },
    {
      "word": "concretion"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English countable nouns",
        "English dated terms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Calculation; computation."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Calculation",
          "calculation"
        ],
        [
          "computation",
          "computation"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(dated, countable) Calculation; computation."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "ciphering"
        },
        {
          "word": "reckoning"
        },
        {
          "word": "calculation"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "dated"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English countable nouns",
        "English terms with collocations",
        "en:Mathematics"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "lambda calculus",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "predicate calculus",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any formal system in which symbolic expressions are manipulated according to fixed rules."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mathematics",
          "mathematics"
        ],
        [
          "symbolic",
          "symbolic"
        ],
        [
          "expression",
          "expression"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable, mathematics) Any formal system in which symbolic expressions are manipulated according to fixed rules."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "mathematics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English uncountable nouns"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Near-synonyms: analysis, mathematical analysis"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Differential calculus",
          "differential calculus"
        ],
        [
          "integral calculus",
          "integral calculus"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(uncountable, often definite, the calculus) Differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "infinitesimal calculus"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "often",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English countable nouns",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "en:Medicine"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2015, Jaime Samour, Avian Medicine, page 297:",
          "text": "Commonly indicated for treatment of sour crop (Fig. 11-11, A), an ingluviotomy is done to retrieve crop calculi, ingluvioliths, or foreign bodies (which are not accessible per os) or to retrieve proventricular or ventricular foreign bodies (using micromagnets [glued in place within plastic tubes], lavage, or endoscopy) and for the placement of an ingluviotomy or proventriculotomy tube or the collection of crop wall biopsies.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A stony concretion that forms in a bodily organ."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "medicine",
          "medicine"
        ],
        [
          "concretion",
          "concretion"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable, medicine) A stony concretion that forms in a bodily organ."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:medical concretion"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "stone"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "medicine",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English uncountable nouns",
        "en:Dentistry"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Deposits of calcium phosphate salts on teeth."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "dentistry",
          "dentistry"
        ],
        [
          "calcium phosphate",
          "calcium phosphate"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(uncountable, dentistry) Deposits of calcium phosphate salts on teeth."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "dental calculus"
        },
        {
          "word": "tartar"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "dentistry",
        "medicine",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English countable nouns",
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2008 December 16, “Cameron calls for bankers’ ‘day of reckoning’”, in Financial Times:",
          "text": "The Tory leader refused to state how many financiers he thought should end up in jail, saying: “There is not some simple calculus.\"",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A decision-making method, especially one appropriate for a specialised realm."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable) A decision-making method, especially one appropriate for a specialised realm."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkæl.kjʊ.ləs/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkæl.kjə.ləs/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "calculus-pron.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/41/Calculus-pron.ogg/Calculus-pron.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Calculus-pron.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "af",
      "lang": "Afrikaans",
      "sense": "formal mathematical system",
      "word": "analise"
    },
    {
      "code": "af",
      "lang": "Afrikaans",
      "sense": "formal mathematical system",
      "word": "calculus"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "ḥisbān",
      "sense": "formal mathematical system",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "حِسْبَان"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "hamaroġutʻyun",
      "sense": "formal mathematical system",
      "word": "համարողություն"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "formal mathematical system",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "càlcul"
    },
    {
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "sense": "formal mathematical system",
      "word": "微積分學"
    },
    {
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "roman": "mei⁴ zik¹ fan¹ hok⁶",
      "sense": "formal mathematical system",
      "word": "微积分学"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "formal mathematical system",
      "word": "微積分學"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "wēijīfēnxué",
      "sense": "formal mathematical system",
      "word": "微积分学"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "formal mathematical system",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "počet"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "formal mathematical system",
      "word": "laskenta"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "formal mathematical system",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "calcul"
    },
    {
      "code": "sdn",
      "lang": "Gallurese",
      "sense": "formal mathematical system",
      "word": "calculu"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "ḳalḳulusi",
      "sense": "formal mathematical system",
      "word": "კალკულუსი"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "aɣricxva",
      "sense": "formal mathematical system",
      "word": "აღრიცხვა"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "formal mathematical system",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Kalkül"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "logismós",
      "sense": "formal mathematical system",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "λογισμός"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "kalan",
      "sense": "formal mathematical system",
      "word": "कलन"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "formal mathematical system",
      "word": "kalkulus"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "formal mathematical system",
      "word": "kalkulus"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "formal mathematical system",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "calcalas"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "formal mathematical system",
      "word": "calcolo"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "keisan",
      "sense": "formal mathematical system",
      "word": "計算"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "mijeokbun",
      "sense": "formal mathematical system",
      "word": "미적분"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "mijeokbunhak",
      "sense": "formal mathematical system",
      "word": "미적분학"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "formal mathematical system",
      "word": "tuanaki"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "formal mathematical system",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "beregning"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "formal mathematical system",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "rachunek"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "formal mathematical system",
      "word": "cálculo"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "formal mathematical system",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "calcul"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "isčislénije",
      "sense": "formal mathematical system",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "исчисле́ние"
    },
    {
      "code": "sc",
      "lang": "Campidanese Sardinian",
      "sense": "formal mathematical system",
      "word": "calculu"
    },
    {
      "code": "sc",
      "lang": "Campidanese Sardinian",
      "sense": "formal mathematical system",
      "word": "càrculu"
    },
    {
      "code": "sc",
      "lang": "Sardinian",
      "sense": "formal mathematical system",
      "tags": [
        "Logudorese"
      ],
      "word": "calculu"
    },
    {
      "code": "sc",
      "lang": "Sardinian",
      "sense": "formal mathematical system",
      "tags": [
        "Logudorese"
      ],
      "word": "càrculu"
    },
    {
      "code": "sdc",
      "lang": "Sassarese",
      "sense": "formal mathematical system",
      "word": "càlcuru"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "formal mathematical system",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ра̀чӯн"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "formal mathematical system",
      "tags": [
        "Roman",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ràčūn"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "formal mathematical system",
      "word": "počet"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "formal mathematical system",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "cálculo"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "formal mathematical system",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "kalkyl"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "formal mathematical system",
      "word": "tayahan"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "formal mathematical system",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "calcwlws"
    },
    {
      "code": "yi",
      "lang": "Yiddish",
      "roman": "kalkulus",
      "sense": "formal mathematical system",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "קאַלקולוס"
    },
    {
      "code": "af",
      "lang": "Afrikaans",
      "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
      "word": "analise"
    },
    {
      "code": "af",
      "lang": "Afrikaans",
      "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
      "word": "calculus"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "ḥisbān",
      "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "حِسْبَان"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "at-tafāḍul wa t-takāmul",
      "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "التَّفَاضُل وَ التَّكَامُل"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "ḥisāb at-tafāḍul wa t-takāmul",
      "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "حِسَاب التَّفَاضُل وَ التَّكَامُل"
    },
    {
      "code": "bn",
      "lang": "Bengali",
      "roman": "kolnobidda",
      "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
      "word": "কলনবিদ্যা"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "càlcul"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
      "word": "微積分"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "wēijīfēn",
      "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
      "word": "微积分"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
      "word": "počet"
    },
    {
      "code": "gur",
      "lang": "Farefare",
      "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
      "word": "kɛkrɛ-biire"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
      "word": "differentiaalilaskenta"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "calcul"
    },
    {
      "code": "sdn",
      "lang": "Gallurese",
      "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
      "word": "calculu"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "diperencialuri aɣricxva",
      "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
      "word": "დიფერენციალური აღრიცხვა"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Kalkül"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "logismós",
      "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "λογισμός"
    },
    {
      "code": "gu",
      "lang": "Gujarati",
      "roman": "kalan",
      "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
      "word": "કલન"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "ẖédva",
      "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
      "word": "חדו\"א"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "kalan",
      "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
      "word": "कलन"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "deilda- og heildareikningur"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "diffur- og tegurreikningur"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "örsmæðareikningur"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "reiknivísi"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
      "word": "kalkulo"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
      "word": "kalkulus"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "calcolo"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "bisekibun",
      "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
      "word": "微積分"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
      "word": "tuanaki"
    },
    {
      "code": "mr",
      "lang": "Marathi",
      "roman": "kalan",
      "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
      "word": "कलन"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "matematikk"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "hesâbe diferânsyal o entegrâl",
      "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
      "word": "حساب دیفرانسیل و انتگرال"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "rachunek różniczkowy i całkowy"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "cálculo"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "calcul diferențial"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "matematičeskij analiz",
      "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
      "word": "математический анализ"
    },
    {
      "code": "sc",
      "lang": "Campidanese Sardinian",
      "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
      "word": "calculu"
    },
    {
      "code": "sc",
      "lang": "Campidanese Sardinian",
      "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
      "word": "càrculu"
    },
    {
      "code": "sc",
      "lang": "Sardinian",
      "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
      "tags": [
        "Logudorese"
      ],
      "word": "calculu"
    },
    {
      "code": "sc",
      "lang": "Sardinian",
      "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
      "tags": [
        "Logudorese"
      ],
      "word": "càrculu"
    },
    {
      "code": "sdc",
      "lang": "Sassarese",
      "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
      "word": "càlcuru"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
      "tags": [
        "Roman",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "infinitezimalni račun"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
      "word": "matematická analýza"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "cálculo diferencial"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "analys"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
      "word": "tayahan"
    },
    {
      "code": "te",
      "lang": "Telugu",
      "roman": "kalana gaṇitaṁ",
      "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
      "word": "కలన గణితం"
    },
    {
      "code": "th",
      "lang": "Thai",
      "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
      "word": "แคลคูลัส"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
      "word": "kalkülüs"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "calcwlws"
    },
    {
      "code": "yi",
      "lang": "Yiddish",
      "roman": "kalkulus",
      "sense": "differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "קאַלקולוס"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "kamǎk",
      "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "камък"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "càlcul"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
      "word": "結石"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "jiéshí",
      "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
      "word": "结石"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
      "word": "kivi"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "calcul"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "lithiase"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Konkrement"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "lithíasi",
      "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "λιθίαση"
    },
    {
      "code": "gu",
      "lang": "Gujarati",
      "roman": "aśmarī",
      "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
      "word": "અશ્મરી"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "aśmarī",
      "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
      "word": "अश्मरी"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "pathrī",
      "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
      "word": "पथरी"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "steinn"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
      "word": "kalkulus"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
      "word": "batu"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "kesseki",
      "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
      "word": "結石"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "lapillus"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "calculus"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "kámen",
      "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ка́мен"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "cálculo"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "piatră"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "calcul"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "kámenʹ",
      "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ка́мень"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "каме́нац"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
      "tags": [
        "Roman",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "kaménac"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "cálculo"
    },
    {
      "code": "th",
      "lang": "Thai",
      "roman": "nîu",
      "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
      "word": "นิ่ว"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "stony concretion in an organ",
      "word": "taş"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Roman abacus",
    "calculus (disambiguation)"
  ],
  "word": "calculus"
}

Download raw JSONL data for calculus meaning in English (25.0kB)

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: uncountable, often definite, the calculus",
  "path": [
    "calculus"
  ],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "calculus",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: uncountable, often definite, the calculus",
  "path": [
    "calculus"
  ],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "calculus",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.