See buff in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "buff-bellied pipit"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "buff-breasted sandpiper"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "buff coat"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "buffery"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "buffhood"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "buffish"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "buffism"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "buff jerkin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "buff nor stye"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "buff-tailed bumblebee"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "buffware"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "buffy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "in the buff"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "iron buff"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "railbuff"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "railway buff"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "buffle",
"4": "",
"5": "buffalo"
},
"expansion": "Middle French buffle (“buffalo”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From buffe (“leather”), from Middle French buffle (“buffalo”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "buffs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "buff (countable and uncountable, plural buffs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1594 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Comedie of Errors”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii], page 94:",
"text": "[…]; but is in a ſuite of buffe […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Undyed leather from the skin of buffalo or similar animals."
],
"id": "en-buff-en-noun-Rmaxzab4",
"links": [
[
"leather",
"leather"
],
[
"buffalo",
"buffalo"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A tool, often one covered with buff leather, used for polishing."
],
"id": "en-buff-en-noun-XFpb6aNT",
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "buff:"
},
{
"text": "1693, John Dryden (translator), The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis Translated into English Verse, London: Jacob Tonson, Satire 10, lines 307-308, p. 203,\n[…] a Visage rough,\nDeform’d, Unfeatur’d, and a Skin of Buff."
},
{
"ref": "1929, Dashiell Hammett, chapter 24, in Red Harvest:",
"text": "His face changed from tan to buff.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A brownish yellow colour."
],
"id": "en-buff-en-noun-skUd-ImQ",
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a brownish yellow colour",
"word": "ruskeankeltainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a brownish yellow colour",
"word": "chamois"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a brownish yellow colour",
"word": "sárgásbarna"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "a brownish yellow colour",
"word": "bungalan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "deve tüyü",
"sense": "a brownish yellow colour",
"word": "دوه توكی"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a brownish yellow colour",
"word": "color del ante"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "a brownish yellow colour",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kyllerfärg"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
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{
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{
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
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{
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
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"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 16 9 5 2 1 12 7 4 9 2 14 7 2 4 2 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 17 7 8 1 1 14 2 3 6 1 15 4 1 5 5 1 3 1 1 1 2",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Bovines",
"orig": "en:Bovines",
"parents": [
"Even-toed ungulates",
"Mammals",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1594 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Comedie of Errors”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii], page 94:",
"text": "A diuell in an euerlaſting garment hath him ; / On whoſe hard heart is button’d vp with ſteele : / A Feind, a Fairie, pittileſſe and ruffe : / A Wolfe, nay worſe, a fellow all in buffe […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A military coat made of buff leather."
],
"id": "en-buff-en-noun-b1XgOS1x",
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 13 6 5 2 1 10 15 5 8 1 12 7 2 5 2 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 14 7 4 2 1 11 15 4 8 2 12 7 2 4 2 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 13 7 4 2 1 11 14 4 8 6 12 6 2 4 2 3",
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"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 14 7 4 2 1 11 15 4 8 2 12 7 2 4 2 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 5 5 3 2 7 5 11 3 7 0 4 6 3 3 4 6 3 2 6 1 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Browns",
"orig": "en:Browns",
"parents": [
"Colors",
"Light",
"Vision",
"Energy",
"Senses",
"Nature",
"Perception",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 15 3 0 0 0 0 42 3 2 0 2 3 0 0 2 0 3 2 7 0 14",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 4 5 6 2 8 4 10 3 7 0 4 6 2 3 4 6 3 2 7 1 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Yellows",
"orig": "en:Yellows",
"parents": [
"Colors",
"Light",
"Vision",
"Energy",
"Senses",
"Nature",
"Perception",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He’s a real history buff. He knows everything there is to know about the civil war.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person who is very interested in a particular subject."
],
"id": "en-buff-en-noun-jRjJ5-~6",
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal) A person who is very interested in a particular subject."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "enthusiast"
},
{
"word": "aficionado"
},
{
"word": "fan"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"informal",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 1 0 1 91 2 1 1 1 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject",
"word": "liefhebber"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 0 1 91 2 1 1 1 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject",
"word": "friikki"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 0 1 91 2 1 1 1 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "mordu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 0 1 91 2 1 1 1 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "passionné"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 0 1 91 2 1 1 1 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aficionado"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 0 1 91 2 1 1 1 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Fan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 0 1 91 2 1 1 1 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Enthusiast"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 0 1 91 2 1 1 1 3",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "díograiseoir"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 0 1 91 2 1 1 1 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aficionado"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 0 1 91 2 1 1 1 3",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "fantast"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 0 1 91 2 1 1 1 3",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "entusiast"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "debuff"
},
{
"word": "nerf"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Role-playing games",
"orig": "en:Role-playing games",
"parents": [
"Games",
"Recreation",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Video games",
"orig": "en:Video games",
"parents": [
"Games",
"Mass media",
"Software",
"Recreation",
"Culture",
"Media",
"Computing",
"Human activity",
"Society",
"Communication",
"Technology",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I just picked up an epic damage buff! Let's go gank the other team!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An effect that makes a character or item stronger."
],
"id": "en-buff-en-noun-FqOm7Pb~",
"links": [
[
"video game",
"video game"
],
[
"roleplaying game",
"roleplaying game"
]
],
"qualifier": "roleplaying games",
"raw_glosses": [
"(video games, roleplaying games) An effect that makes a character or item stronger."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "revamp"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"video-games"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Rail transportation",
"orig": "en:Rail transportation",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
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"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 16 9 5 2 1 15 2 4 10 1 15 7 2 4 2 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 17 7 5 2 1 15 2 4 11 1 16 7 2 4 2 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Compressive coupler force that occurs during a slack bunched condition."
],
"id": "en-buff-en-noun-MVgssU7I",
"links": [
[
"rail transport",
"rail transport"
],
[
"Compressive",
"compressive"
],
[
"coupler",
"coupler"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rail transport) Compressive coupler force that occurs during a slack bunched condition."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"rail-transport",
"railways",
"transport"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with collocations",
"parents": [
"Terms with collocations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to strip to the buff",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1880, Thomas Wright, “buff”, in Dictionary of obsolete and provincial English, containing words from the English writers previous to the nineteenth century which are no longer in use, or are not used in the same sense. And words which are now used only in the provincial dialects, volume 1, London: George Bell and Sons, page 265",
"text": "To be in buff, is equivalent to being naked.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2021 October 18, Ian Lecklitzner, “The Inevitable Rise of the Work-From-Home Nudist”, in MEL Magazine:",
"text": "Not to mention, nudity can be just plain convenient. “Laundry is minimal,” Schulte notes. It also doesn’t hurt that being in the buff spices up his workday.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The bare skin."
],
"id": "en-buff-en-noun-en:bare_skin",
"links": [
[
"bare",
"bare"
],
[
"skin",
"skin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) The bare skin."
],
"senseid": [
"en:bare skin"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
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{
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{
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{
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}
],
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],
"id": "en-buff-en-noun-4S2QTCmj",
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[
"viscid",
"viscid"
],
[
"substance",
"substance"
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[
"buffy coat",
"buffy coat"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "2014, “Aldergrove’s 856 gang busted, $400,000 in drugs seized,” CBC News, 30 July, 2014,\nPolice say this 20 ton hydraulic jack was used to press mixtures of cocaine and “buff” into brick."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any substance used to dilute (street) drugs in order to increase profits."
],
"id": "en-buff-en-noun-F5hagUWJ",
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"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/bʌf/"
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{
"audio": "en-au-buff.ogg",
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{
"rhymes": "-ʌf"
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{
"_dis1": "7 1 0 23 4 16 9 2 27 9",
"code": "es",
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"masculine"
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},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 0 23 4 16 9 2 27 9",
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"masculine"
],
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},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 0 23 4 16 9 2 27 9",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "in video games",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bruñidura"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"buff"
],
"word": "buff"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "buff-tip moth"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "buffly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "buffster"
}
],
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}
],
"etymology_text": "From buffe (“leather”), from Middle French buffle (“buffalo”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "buffer",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "more buff",
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"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "buffest",
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"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "most buff",
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}
],
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"expansion": "buff (comparative buffer or more buff, superlative buffest or most buff)",
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}
],
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"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Of the color of buff leather, a brownish yellow."
],
"id": "en-buff-en-adj-Gfc8-kt-",
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{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
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"word": "ruskeankeltainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "of the color of buff leather, a brownish yellow",
"word": "chamois"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "mi",
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"sense": "of the color of buff leather, a brownish yellow",
"word": "mangaeka"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
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"Fundamental"
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},
{
"_dis": "0 10 9 6 1 0 15 2 4 7 3 17 6 1 1 8 1 4 1 2 0 2",
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"Entry maintenance"
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
"_dis": "1 16 7 6 2 1 14 3 5 9 2 15 7 3 5 2 3",
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{
"_dis": "1 14 7 4 2 1 11 15 4 8 2 12 7 2 4 2 4",
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{
"_dis": "1 15 8 5 2 1 12 7 4 9 2 13 9 2 4 2 4",
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},
{
"_dis": "1 17 7 5 2 1 15 2 4 11 1 16 7 2 4 2 3",
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{
"_dis": "1 17 7 5 2 1 15 2 4 9 1 16 8 2 4 2 3",
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{
"_dis": "1 13 10 7 2 1 11 2 4 10 2 14 9 4 4 2 4",
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{
"_dis": "1 16 9 5 2 1 12 7 4 9 2 14 7 2 4 2 3",
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},
{
"_dis": "1 15 10 5 2 1 9 7 4 9 3 12 9 2 4 2 4",
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},
{
"_dis": "1 13 7 4 2 1 11 14 4 8 6 12 6 2 4 2 3",
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},
{
"_dis": "1 17 7 6 2 1 15 2 4 9 1 16 7 2 5 2 3",
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},
{
"_dis": "1 14 7 4 2 1 11 15 4 8 2 12 7 2 4 2 4",
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{
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{
"_dis": "1 16 9 5 2 1 12 7 4 9 2 14 7 2 4 2 3",
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},
{
"_dis": "1 16 9 5 2 1 12 7 4 9 2 14 7 2 4 2 3",
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},
{
"_dis": "1 17 7 8 1 1 14 2 3 6 1 15 4 1 5 5 1 3 1 1 1 2",
"kind": "lifeform",
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],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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{
"text": "The bouncer was a big, buff dude with tattoos, a shaved head, and a serious scowl.",
"type": "example"
}
],
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"Unusually muscular."
],
"id": "en-buff-en-adj-OPY4G6ba",
"links": [
[
"bodybuilding",
"bodybuilding#Noun"
],
[
"muscular",
"muscular"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(originally bodybuilding, colloquial) Unusually muscular."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "buffed"
},
{
"word": "buffed out"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 98 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nacepen",
"sense": "unusually muscular",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "нацепен"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 98 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "unusually muscular",
"word": "lihaksikas"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 98 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "unusually muscular",
"word": "balèze"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 98 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "unusually muscular",
"word": "baraqué"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 98 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unusually muscular",
"word": "muskulös"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 98 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unusually muscular",
"word": "durchtrainiert"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 98 2",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "mukimuki",
"sense": "unusually muscular",
"word": "ムキムキ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 98 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "unusually muscular",
"word": "bombado"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 98 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "unusually muscular",
"word": "papiado"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 98 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "unusually muscular",
"word": "biffig"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Multicultural London English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 13 10 7 2 1 11 2 4 10 2 14 9 4 4 2 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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{
"ref": "2011, Josh Berk, The Dark Days of Hamburger Halpin, Random House Digital, Inc., →ISBN, page 244:",
"text": "That's right: I'm taking driver's ed next semester. Hiring an interpreter for CHS and the deaf school outta my own hefty pockets. You're welcome. Oh, and I'm going to get really skinny and buff. All slim like a swimsuit model.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
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],
"id": "en-buff-en-adj-tNFx4z3S",
"links": [
[
"attractive",
"attractive"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(MLE slang) Physically attractive."
],
"tags": [
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"slang"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 1 99",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "physically attractive",
"word": "alloga"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 99",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "physically attractive",
"word": "attirant"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 99",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "physically attractive",
"word": "attraktiv"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 99",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "physically attractive",
"word": "gut aussehend"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 99",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "physically attractive",
"word": "attraente"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 99",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "physically attractive",
"word": "atraente"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 99",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "physically attractive",
"word": "atrayente"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʌf/"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-buff.ogg",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌf"
}
],
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],
"word": "buff"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "buff out"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "buff the muffin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "buff up"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "buff wheel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "unbuffed"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rebuff"
}
],
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},
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"name": "der"
}
],
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"forms": [
{
"form": "buffs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "buffing",
"tags": [
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"present"
]
},
{
"form": "buffed",
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},
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}
],
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}
],
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"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He was already buffing the car's hubs.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To polish and make shiny by rubbing."
],
"id": "en-buff-en-verb-NxSzbKcI",
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[
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],
[
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],
[
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],
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{
"word": "wax"
},
{
"word": "shine"
},
{
"word": "polish"
},
{
"word": "furbish"
},
{
"word": "burnish"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "91 5 2 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cāliàng",
"sense": "to polish and make shiny",
"word": "擦亮"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 2 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "pāoguāng",
"sense": "to polish and make shiny",
"word": "抛光"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 2 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to polish and make shiny",
"word": "oppoetsen"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to polish and make shiny",
"word": "kiillottaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 2 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to polish and make shiny",
"word": "polieren"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 2 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to polish and make shiny",
"word": "whakakanapa"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 2 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to polish and make shiny",
"word": "aumiri"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 2 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "polirovátʹ",
"sense": "to polish and make shiny",
"word": "полирова́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 2 2",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to polish and make shiny",
"word": "vyleštiť vyblýskať"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 2 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to polish and make shiny",
"word": "bruñir"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 2 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to polish and make shiny",
"word": "polera"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 2 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "poliruváty",
"sense": "to polish and make shiny",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "полірува́ти"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "debuff"
},
{
"word": "nerf"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Role-playing games",
"orig": "en:Role-playing games",
"parents": [
"Games",
"Recreation",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Video games",
"orig": "en:Video games",
"parents": [
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"Mass media",
"Software",
"Recreation",
"Culture",
"Media",
"Computing",
"Human activity",
"Society",
"Communication",
"Technology",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The enchanter buffed the paladin to prepare him to fight the dragon.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "I noticed that the pistols were buffed in the update.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make a character or an item stronger."
],
"id": "en-buff-en-verb-ZWjbmipa",
"links": [
[
"video game",
"video game"
],
[
"roleplaying game",
"roleplaying game"
]
],
"qualifier": "roleplaying games",
"raw_glosses": [
"(video games, roleplaying games) To make a character or an item stronger."
],
"topics": [
"video-games"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "15 75 5 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zēngyì",
"sense": "to make something stronger",
"word": "增益"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 75 5 5",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "to make something stronger",
"word": "バフ"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1996, Jeffrey E. Nash, James M. Calonico, The Meaning of Social Interaction: An Introduction to Social Psychology, page 139:",
"text": "\"Sure thing, I buffed her, and they turfed her to urology, but she bounced back to me!\" [...] They attempted to transfer her to urology by modifying her chart (buffing it) to request urine tests, but the doctors in urology sent (bounced) her back.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2004, Gregory Davis, Pathology and Law, page 121:",
"text": "The implication of such an action is an invitation to buff the chart. The medical records department could have prevented the falsification by sending a copy of the chart to the attorney at the same time that they notified the hospital physician of the attorney's request for the chart.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To modify a medical chart, especially in a dishonest manner."
],
"id": "en-buff-en-verb-4tt3mfzG",
"links": [
[
"medical",
"medical"
],
[
"slang",
"slang"
],
[
"chart",
"chart"
]
],
"qualifier": "medical slang",
"raw_glosses": [
"(medical slang) To modify a medical chart, especially in a dishonest manner."
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To remove a piece of graffiti by cleaning or removal, especially by someone who is not a graffiti writer."
],
"id": "en-buff-en-verb-qGt3ILSp",
"links": [
[
"graffiti",
"graffiti"
],
[
"slang",
"slang"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(graffiti slang) To remove a piece of graffiti by cleaning or removal, especially by someone who is not a graffiti writer."
],
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"topics": [
"arts",
"graffiti",
"visual-arts"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʌf/"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-buff.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/En-au-buff.ogg/En-au-buff.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/En-au-buff.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌf"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"buff"
],
"word": "buff"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "bufer",
"4": "",
"5": "to cuff, buffet"
},
"expansion": "Old French bufer (“to cuff, buffet”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French bufer (“to cuff, buffet”). See buffet (“a blow”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "buffs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "buffing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "buffed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "buffed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "buff (third-person singular simple present buffs, present participle buffing, simple past and past participle buffed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "a. 1640, Ben Jonson, The Under-wood, page 277:",
"text": "Bravely run Red-hood, / There was a shock, / To have buff’d out the blood / From ought but a block.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To strike."
],
"id": "en-buff-en-verb-QZpJS-e3",
"links": [
[
"strike",
"strike"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʌf/"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-buff.ogg",
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/En-au-buff.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌf"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"buff"
],
"word": "buff"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rebuff"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "bufer",
"4": "",
"5": "to cuff, buffet"
},
"expansion": "Old French bufer (“to cuff, buffet”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French bufer (“to cuff, buffet”). See buffet (“a blow”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "buffs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "buff (plural buffs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"word": "blind man's buff"
},
{
"word": "counterbuff"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto V”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 6:",
"text": "Nathless so sore a buff to him it lent / That made him reel.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1841, Ralph Waldo Emerson, “Self-Reliance”, in Essays: First Series:",
"text": "A man must consider what a blind-man’s-buff is this game of conformity. If I know your sect I anticipate your argument.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A strike; a blow."
],
"id": "en-buff-en-noun-f3fM3oBO",
"links": [
[
"strike",
"strike"
],
[
"blow",
"blow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A strike; a blow."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʌf/"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-buff.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/En-au-buff.ogg/En-au-buff.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/En-au-buff.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌf"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"buff"
],
"word": "buff"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "buffen",
"t": "to stutter, stammer"
},
"expansion": "Middle English buffen (“to stutter, stammer”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "byffan",
"t": "to mumble, mutter"
},
"expansion": "Old English byffan (“to mumble, mutter”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*bubjaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bubjaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰeyH-",
"t": "to fear, to be afraid"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyH- (“to fear, to be afraid”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English buffen (“to stutter, stammer”), from Old English byffan (“to mumble, mutter”), from Proto-West Germanic *bubjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyH- (“to fear, to be afraid”). More at bive (“tremble, shake”) and bever.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "buffs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "buffing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "buffed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "buffed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "buff (third-person singular simple present buffs, present participle buffing, simple past and past participle buffed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To stammer, stutter"
],
"id": "en-buff-en-verb-mS4jzG0t",
"links": [
[
"stammer",
"stammer"
],
[
"stutter",
"stutter"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dialectal or obsolete) To stammer, stutter"
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʌf/"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-buff.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/En-au-buff.ogg/En-au-buff.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/En-au-buff.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌf"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"buff"
],
"word": "buff"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "buffalo"
},
"expansion": "Clipping of buffalo",
"name": "clipping"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Clipping of buffalo.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "buffs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "buff (countable and uncountable, plural buffs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2006, Bradley Mayhew, Joe Bindloss, Stan Armington, Nepal:",
"text": "[…] diced buff (buffalo) meat, usually heavily spiced […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1992, Marilyn Stablein, The Census Taker: Stories of a Traveler in India and Nepal, page 62:",
"text": "You will eat water buffalo meat and drink boiled water buffalo milk: buff burgers at Aunt Jane's restaurant, buff mo-mos which are the Tibetan won-tons, and buff steaks at The Globe.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A buffalo, or the meat of a buffalo."
],
"id": "en-buff-en-noun-JBQxQ0Yj",
"links": [
[
"meat",
"meat"
],
[
"buffalo",
"buffalo"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal) A buffalo, or the meat of a buffalo."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"informal",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʌf/"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-buff.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/En-au-buff.ogg/En-au-buff.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/En-au-buff.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌf"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"buff"
],
"word": "buff"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"forms": [
{
"form": "buffs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "buff (plural buffs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "face armor",
"word": "buffe"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1899, Selected Lives (orig. by Plutarch), page 317",
"text": "For they had helmets on their heads, fashioned like wild beast's necks, and strange beavers or buffs to the same, and wore on their helmets great high plumes of feathers, as they had been wings : […]"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of buffe (“face armor”)"
],
"id": "en-buff-en-noun-gyYaDOEg",
"links": [
[
"buffe",
"buffe#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncommon) Alternative form of buffe (“face armor”)"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"uncommon"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʌf/"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-buff.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/En-au-buff.ogg/En-au-buff.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/En-au-buff.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌf"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"buff"
],
"word": "buff"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌf",
"Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"en:Bovines",
"en:Browns",
"en:People",
"en:Yellows",
"is:Headwear"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "buff-bellied pipit"
},
{
"word": "buff-breasted sandpiper"
},
{
"word": "buff coat"
},
{
"word": "buffery"
},
{
"word": "buffhood"
},
{
"word": "buffish"
},
{
"word": "buffism"
},
{
"word": "buff jerkin"
},
{
"word": "buff nor stye"
},
{
"word": "buff-tailed bumblebee"
},
{
"word": "buffware"
},
{
"word": "buffy"
},
{
"word": "in the buff"
},
{
"word": "iron buff"
},
{
"word": "railbuff"
},
{
"word": "railway buff"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "buffle",
"4": "",
"5": "buffalo"
},
"expansion": "Middle French buffle (“buffalo”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From buffe (“leather”), from Middle French buffle (“buffalo”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "buffs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "buff (countable and uncountable, plural buffs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1594 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Comedie of Errors”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii], page 94:",
"text": "[…]; but is in a ſuite of buffe […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Undyed leather from the skin of buffalo or similar animals."
],
"links": [
[
"leather",
"leather"
],
[
"buffalo",
"buffalo"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A tool, often one covered with buff leather, used for polishing."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "buff:"
},
{
"text": "1693, John Dryden (translator), The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis Translated into English Verse, London: Jacob Tonson, Satire 10, lines 307-308, p. 203,\n[…] a Visage rough,\nDeform’d, Unfeatur’d, and a Skin of Buff."
},
{
"ref": "1929, Dashiell Hammett, chapter 24, in Red Harvest:",
"text": "His face changed from tan to buff.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A brownish yellow colour."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1594 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Comedie of Errors”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii], page 94:",
"text": "A diuell in an euerlaſting garment hath him ; / On whoſe hard heart is button’d vp with ſteele : / A Feind, a Fairie, pittileſſe and ruffe : / A Wolfe, nay worſe, a fellow all in buffe […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A military coat made of buff leather."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English informal terms",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He’s a real history buff. He knows everything there is to know about the civil war.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person who is very interested in a particular subject."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal) A person who is very interested in a particular subject."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "enthusiast"
},
{
"word": "aficionado"
},
{
"word": "fan"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"informal",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "debuff"
},
{
"word": "nerf"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Role-playing games",
"en:Video games"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I just picked up an epic damage buff! Let's go gank the other team!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An effect that makes a character or item stronger."
],
"links": [
[
"video game",
"video game"
],
[
"roleplaying game",
"roleplaying game"
]
],
"qualifier": "roleplaying games",
"raw_glosses": [
"(video games, roleplaying games) An effect that makes a character or item stronger."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "revamp"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"video-games"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Rail transportation"
],
"glosses": [
"Compressive coupler force that occurs during a slack bunched condition."
],
"links": [
[
"rail transport",
"rail transport"
],
[
"Compressive",
"compressive"
],
[
"coupler",
"coupler"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rail transport) Compressive coupler force that occurs during a slack bunched condition."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"rail-transport",
"railways",
"transport"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English colloquialisms",
"English terms with collocations",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to strip to the buff",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1880, Thomas Wright, “buff”, in Dictionary of obsolete and provincial English, containing words from the English writers previous to the nineteenth century which are no longer in use, or are not used in the same sense. And words which are now used only in the provincial dialects, volume 1, London: George Bell and Sons, page 265",
"text": "To be in buff, is equivalent to being naked.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2021 October 18, Ian Lecklitzner, “The Inevitable Rise of the Work-From-Home Nudist”, in MEL Magazine:",
"text": "Not to mention, nudity can be just plain convenient. “Laundry is minimal,” Schulte notes. It also doesn’t hurt that being in the buff spices up his workday.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The bare skin."
],
"links": [
[
"bare",
"bare"
],
[
"skin",
"skin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) The bare skin."
],
"senseid": [
"en:bare skin"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The greyish viscid substance constituting the buffy coat."
],
"links": [
[
"viscid",
"viscid"
],
[
"substance",
"substance"
],
[
"buffy coat",
"buffy coat"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "2014, “Aldergrove’s 856 gang busted, $400,000 in drugs seized,” CBC News, 30 July, 2014,\nPolice say this 20 ton hydraulic jack was used to press mixtures of cocaine and “buff” into brick."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any substance used to dilute (street) drugs in order to increase profits."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʌf/"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-buff.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/En-au-buff.ogg/En-au-buff.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/En-au-buff.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌf"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject",
"word": "liefhebber"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject",
"word": "friikki"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "mordu"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "passionné"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aficionado"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Fan"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Enthusiast"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "díograiseoir"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aficionado"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "fantast"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "entusiast"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a brownish yellow colour",
"word": "ruskeankeltainen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a brownish yellow colour",
"word": "chamois"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a brownish yellow colour",
"word": "sárgásbarna"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "a brownish yellow colour",
"word": "bungalan"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "deve tüyü",
"sense": "a brownish yellow colour",
"word": "دوه توكی"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a brownish yellow colour",
"word": "color del ante"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "a brownish yellow colour",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kyllerfärg"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "in video games",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bruñido"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "in video games",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bruñimiento"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "in video games",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bruñidura"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"buff"
],
"word": "buff"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌf",
"Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"en:Bovines",
"en:Browns",
"en:People",
"en:Yellows",
"is:Headwear"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "buff-tip moth"
},
{
"word": "buffly"
},
{
"word": "buffster"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "buffle",
"4": "",
"5": "buffalo"
},
"expansion": "Middle French buffle (“buffalo”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From buffe (“leather”), from Middle French buffle (“buffalo”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "buffer",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "more buff",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "buffest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "most buff",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er",
"2": "more"
},
"expansion": "buff (comparative buffer or more buff, superlative buffest or most buff)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Of the color of buff leather, a brownish yellow."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English colloquialisms",
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Bodybuilding"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The bouncer was a big, buff dude with tattoos, a shaved head, and a serious scowl.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Unusually muscular."
],
"links": [
[
"bodybuilding",
"bodybuilding#Noun"
],
[
"muscular",
"muscular"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(originally bodybuilding, colloquial) Unusually muscular."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "buffed"
},
{
"word": "buffed out"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English slang",
"English terms with quotations",
"Multicultural London English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2011, Josh Berk, The Dark Days of Hamburger Halpin, Random House Digital, Inc., →ISBN, page 244:",
"text": "That's right: I'm taking driver's ed next semester. Hiring an interpreter for CHS and the deaf school outta my own hefty pockets. You're welcome. Oh, and I'm going to get really skinny and buff. All slim like a swimsuit model.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Physically attractive."
],
"links": [
[
"attractive",
"attractive"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(MLE slang) Physically attractive."
],
"tags": [
"Multicultural-London-English",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʌf/"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-buff.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/En-au-buff.ogg/En-au-buff.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/En-au-buff.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌf"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of the color of buff leather, a brownish yellow",
"word": "ruskeankeltainen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "of the color of buff leather, a brownish yellow",
"word": "chamois"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "of the color of buff leather, a brownish yellow",
"word": "mangaeka"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nacepen",
"sense": "unusually muscular",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "нацепен"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "unusually muscular",
"word": "lihaksikas"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "unusually muscular",
"word": "balèze"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "unusually muscular",
"word": "baraqué"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unusually muscular",
"word": "muskulös"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unusually muscular",
"word": "durchtrainiert"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "mukimuki",
"sense": "unusually muscular",
"word": "ムキムキ"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "unusually muscular",
"word": "bombado"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "unusually muscular",
"word": "papiado"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "unusually muscular",
"word": "biffig"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "physically attractive",
"word": "alloga"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "physically attractive",
"word": "attirant"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "physically attractive",
"word": "attraktiv"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "physically attractive",
"word": "gut aussehend"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "physically attractive",
"word": "attraente"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "physically attractive",
"word": "atraente"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "physically attractive",
"word": "atrayente"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"buff"
],
"word": "buff"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌf",
"Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"en:Bovines",
"en:Browns",
"en:People",
"en:Yellows",
"is:Headwear"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "buffable"
},
{
"word": "buff down"
},
{
"word": "buff out"
},
{
"word": "buff the muffin"
},
{
"word": "buff up"
},
{
"word": "buff wheel"
},
{
"word": "rebuff"
},
{
"word": "unbuffed"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "buffle",
"4": "",
"5": "buffalo"
},
"expansion": "Middle French buffle (“buffalo”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From buffe (“leather”), from Middle French buffle (“buffalo”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "buffs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "buffing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "buffed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "buffed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "buff (third-person singular simple present buffs, present participle buffing, simple past and past participle buffed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He was already buffing the car's hubs.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To polish and make shiny by rubbing."
],
"links": [
[
"polish",
"polish"
],
[
"shiny",
"shiny"
],
[
"rubbing",
"rub"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "wax"
},
{
"word": "shine"
},
{
"word": "polish"
},
{
"word": "furbish"
},
{
"word": "burnish"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "debuff"
},
{
"word": "nerf"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Role-playing games",
"en:Video games"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The enchanter buffed the paladin to prepare him to fight the dragon.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "I noticed that the pistols were buffed in the update.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make a character or an item stronger."
],
"links": [
[
"video game",
"video game"
],
[
"roleplaying game",
"roleplaying game"
]
],
"qualifier": "roleplaying games",
"raw_glosses": [
"(video games, roleplaying games) To make a character or an item stronger."
],
"topics": [
"video-games"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English medical slang",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1996, Jeffrey E. Nash, James M. Calonico, The Meaning of Social Interaction: An Introduction to Social Psychology, page 139:",
"text": "\"Sure thing, I buffed her, and they turfed her to urology, but she bounced back to me!\" [...] They attempted to transfer her to urology by modifying her chart (buffing it) to request urine tests, but the doctors in urology sent (bounced) her back.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2004, Gregory Davis, Pathology and Law, page 121:",
"text": "The implication of such an action is an invitation to buff the chart. The medical records department could have prevented the falsification by sending a copy of the chart to the attorney at the same time that they notified the hospital physician of the attorney's request for the chart.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To modify a medical chart, especially in a dishonest manner."
],
"links": [
[
"medical",
"medical"
],
[
"slang",
"slang"
],
[
"chart",
"chart"
]
],
"qualifier": "medical slang",
"raw_glosses": [
"(medical slang) To modify a medical chart, especially in a dishonest manner."
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To remove a piece of graffiti by cleaning or removal, especially by someone who is not a graffiti writer."
],
"links": [
[
"graffiti",
"graffiti"
],
[
"slang",
"slang"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(graffiti slang) To remove a piece of graffiti by cleaning or removal, especially by someone who is not a graffiti writer."
],
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"topics": [
"arts",
"graffiti",
"visual-arts"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʌf/"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-buff.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/En-au-buff.ogg/En-au-buff.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/En-au-buff.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌf"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cāliàng",
"sense": "to polish and make shiny",
"word": "擦亮"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "pāoguāng",
"sense": "to polish and make shiny",
"word": "抛光"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to polish and make shiny",
"word": "oppoetsen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to polish and make shiny",
"word": "kiillottaa"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to polish and make shiny",
"word": "polieren"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to polish and make shiny",
"word": "whakakanapa"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to polish and make shiny",
"word": "aumiri"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "polirovátʹ",
"sense": "to polish and make shiny",
"word": "полирова́ть"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to polish and make shiny",
"word": "vyleštiť vyblýskať"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to polish and make shiny",
"word": "bruñir"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to polish and make shiny",
"word": "polera"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "poliruváty",
"sense": "to polish and make shiny",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "полірува́ти"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zēngyì",
"sense": "to make something stronger",
"word": "增益"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "to make something stronger",
"word": "バフ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"buff"
],
"word": "buff"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌf",
"Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable",
"en:Bovines",
"en:Browns",
"en:People",
"en:Yellows",
"is:Headwear"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "bufer",
"4": "",
"5": "to cuff, buffet"
},
"expansion": "Old French bufer (“to cuff, buffet”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French bufer (“to cuff, buffet”). See buffet (“a blow”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "buffs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "buffing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "buffed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "buffed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
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"args": {},
"expansion": "buff (third-person singular simple present buffs, present participle buffing, simple past and past participle buffed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "a. 1640, Ben Jonson, The Under-wood, page 277:",
"text": "Bravely run Red-hood, / There was a shock, / To have buff’d out the blood / From ought but a block.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To strike."
],
"links": [
[
"strike",
"strike"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʌf/"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-buff.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/En-au-buff.ogg/En-au-buff.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/En-au-buff.ogg"
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{
"rhymes": "-ʌf"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"buff"
],
"word": "buff"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌf",
"Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable",
"en:Bovines",
"en:Browns",
"en:People",
"en:Yellows",
"is:Headwear"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "blind man's buff"
},
{
"word": "counterbuff"
},
{
"word": "rebuff"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "bufer",
"4": "",
"5": "to cuff, buffet"
},
"expansion": "Old French bufer (“to cuff, buffet”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French bufer (“to cuff, buffet”). See buffet (“a blow”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "buffs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "buff (plural buffs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto V”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 6:",
"text": "Nathless so sore a buff to him it lent / That made him reel.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1841, Ralph Waldo Emerson, “Self-Reliance”, in Essays: First Series:",
"text": "A man must consider what a blind-man’s-buff is this game of conformity. If I know your sect I anticipate your argument.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A strike; a blow."
],
"links": [
[
"strike",
"strike"
],
[
"blow",
"blow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A strike; a blow."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʌf/"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-buff.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/En-au-buff.ogg/En-au-buff.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/En-au-buff.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌf"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"buff"
],
"word": "buff"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌf",
"Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable",
"en:Bovines",
"en:Browns",
"en:People",
"en:Yellows",
"is:Headwear"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "buffen",
"t": "to stutter, stammer"
},
"expansion": "Middle English buffen (“to stutter, stammer”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "byffan",
"t": "to mumble, mutter"
},
"expansion": "Old English byffan (“to mumble, mutter”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*bubjaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bubjaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰeyH-",
"t": "to fear, to be afraid"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyH- (“to fear, to be afraid”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English buffen (“to stutter, stammer”), from Old English byffan (“to mumble, mutter”), from Proto-West Germanic *bubjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyH- (“to fear, to be afraid”). More at bive (“tremble, shake”) and bever.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "buffs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "buffing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "buffed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "buffed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "buff (third-person singular simple present buffs, present participle buffing, simple past and past participle buffed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English dialectal terms",
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To stammer, stutter"
],
"links": [
[
"stammer",
"stammer"
],
[
"stutter",
"stutter"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dialectal or obsolete) To stammer, stutter"
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʌf/"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-buff.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/En-au-buff.ogg/En-au-buff.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/En-au-buff.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌf"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"buff"
],
"word": "buff"
}
{
"categories": [
"English clippings",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌf",
"Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable",
"en:Bovines",
"en:Browns",
"en:People",
"en:Yellows",
"is:Headwear"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "buffalo"
},
"expansion": "Clipping of buffalo",
"name": "clipping"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Clipping of buffalo.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "buffs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "buff (countable and uncountable, plural buffs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English informal terms",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2006, Bradley Mayhew, Joe Bindloss, Stan Armington, Nepal:",
"text": "[…] diced buff (buffalo) meat, usually heavily spiced […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1992, Marilyn Stablein, The Census Taker: Stories of a Traveler in India and Nepal, page 62:",
"text": "You will eat water buffalo meat and drink boiled water buffalo milk: buff burgers at Aunt Jane's restaurant, buff mo-mos which are the Tibetan won-tons, and buff steaks at The Globe.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A buffalo, or the meat of a buffalo."
],
"links": [
[
"meat",
"meat"
],
[
"buffalo",
"buffalo"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal) A buffalo, or the meat of a buffalo."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"informal",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʌf/"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-buff.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/En-au-buff.ogg/En-au-buff.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/En-au-buff.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌf"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"buff"
],
"word": "buff"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌf",
"Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable",
"en:Bovines",
"en:Browns",
"en:People",
"en:Yellows",
"is:Headwear"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"forms": [
{
"form": "buffs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "buff (plural buffs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "face armor",
"word": "buffe"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with uncommon senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1899, Selected Lives (orig. by Plutarch), page 317",
"text": "For they had helmets on their heads, fashioned like wild beast's necks, and strange beavers or buffs to the same, and wore on their helmets great high plumes of feathers, as they had been wings : […]"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of buffe (“face armor”)"
],
"links": [
[
"buffe",
"buffe#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncommon) Alternative form of buffe (“face armor”)"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"uncommon"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʌf/"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-buff.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/En-au-buff.ogg/En-au-buff.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/En-au-buff.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌf"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"buff"
],
"word": "buff"
}
Download raw JSONL data for buff meaning in English (31.2kB)
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "buff/English/adj: invalid uppercase tag Multicultural-London-English not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English adjectives\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English terms derived from Middle French\", \"English uncountable nouns\", \"English verbs\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 2 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/ʌf\", \"Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Indonesian translations\", \"Terms with Irish translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"en:Bovines\", \"en:Browns\", \"en:People\", \"en:Yellows\", \"is:Headwear\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"buff-tip moth\"}, {\"word\": \"buffly\"}, {\"word\": \"buffster\"}], \"etymology_number\": 1, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"frm\", \"3\": \"buffle\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"buffalo\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle French buffle (“buffalo”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From buffe (“leather”), from Middle French buffle (“buffalo”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"buffer\", \"tags\": [\"comparative\"]}, {\"form\": \"more buff\", \"tags\": [\"comparative\"]}, {\"form\": \"buffest\", \"tags\": [\"superlative\"]}, {\"form\": \"most buff\", \"tags\": [\"superlative\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"er\", \"2\": \"more\"}, \"expansion\": \"buff (comparative buffer or more buff, superlative buffest or most buff)\", \"name\": \"en-adj\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"adj\", \"senses\": [{\"glosses\": [\"Of the color of buff leather, a brownish yellow.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English colloquialisms\", \"English terms with usage examples\", \"en:Bodybuilding\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The bouncer was a big, buff dude with tattoos, a shaved head, and a serious scowl.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Unusually muscular.\"], \"links\": [[\"bodybuilding\", \"bodybuilding#Noun\"], [\"muscular\", \"muscular\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(originally bodybuilding, colloquial) Unusually muscular.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"buffed\"}, {\"word\": \"buffed out\"}], \"tags\": [\"colloquial\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English slang\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"Multicultural London English\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"2011, Josh Berk, The Dark Days of Hamburger Halpin, Random House Digital, Inc., →ISBN, page 244:\", \"text\": \"That's right: I'm taking driver's ed next semester. Hiring an interpreter for CHS and the deaf school outta my own hefty pockets. You're welcome. Oh, and I'm going to get really skinny and buff. All slim like a swimsuit model.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Physically attractive.\"], \"links\": [[\"attractive\", \"attractive\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(MLE slang) Physically attractive.\"], \"tags\": [\"Multicultural-London-English\", \"slang\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/bʌf/\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-au-buff.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/En-au-buff.ogg/En-au-buff.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/En-au-buff.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ʌf\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"of the color of buff leather, a brownish yellow\", \"word\": \"ruskeankeltainen\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"of the color of buff leather, a brownish yellow\", \"word\": \"chamois\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"of the color of buff leather, a brownish yellow\", \"word\": \"mangaeka\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"nacepen\", \"sense\": \"unusually muscular\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"нацепен\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"unusually muscular\", \"word\": \"lihaksikas\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"unusually muscular\", \"word\": \"balèze\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"unusually muscular\", \"word\": \"baraqué\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"unusually muscular\", \"word\": \"muskulös\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"unusually muscular\", \"word\": \"durchtrainiert\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"mukimuki\", \"sense\": \"unusually muscular\", \"word\": \"ムキムキ\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"unusually muscular\", \"word\": \"bombado\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"unusually muscular\", \"word\": \"papiado\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"unusually muscular\", \"word\": \"biffig\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"physically attractive\", \"word\": \"alloga\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"physically attractive\", \"word\": \"attirant\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"physically attractive\", \"word\": \"attraktiv\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"physically attractive\", \"word\": \"gut aussehend\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"physically attractive\", \"word\": \"attraente\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"physically attractive\", \"word\": \"atraente\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"physically attractive\", \"word\": \"atrayente\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"buff\"], \"word\": \"buff\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "adj",
"title": "buff",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.