"connoisseur" meaning in English

See connoisseur in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˌkɑnəˈsɝ/ [General-American], /ˌkɑnəˈsʊɹ/ [General-American], /ˌkɒnəˈsɜː/ [Received-Pronunciation], /ˌkɒnəˈsʊə/ [Received-Pronunciation] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-connoisseur.wav [Southern-England] Forms: connoisseurs [plural]
Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ), -ʊə(ɹ) Etymology: Around 1705–1715, from French connoisseur, from the verb connoître (obsolete pre-1835 spelling of connaître (“to know”)). Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*ǵneh₃-}}, {{bor|en|fr|connoisseur}} French connoisseur, {{m|fr|connaître||to know}} connaître (“to know”), {{m|fr|connoître|pos=obsolete pre-1835 spelling of <i class="Latn mention" lang="fr">connaître</i> (“to know”)}} connoître (obsolete pre-1835 spelling of connaître (“to know”)) Head templates: {{en-noun}} connoisseur (plural connoisseurs)
  1. A specialist in a given field whose opinion is highly valued, especially in one of the fine arts or in matters of taste. Categories (topical): People Synonyms: maven, cognoscente, connaisseur Derived forms: connoisseurdom, connoisseurial, connoisseurish, connoisseurly, connoisseurship Coordinate_terms: connoisseuse [informal, rare] Translations (specialist whose opinion is valued): عَارِف (ʕārif) [masculine] (Arabic), عَارِفَة (ʕārifa) [feminine] (Arabic), خَبِير (ḵabīr) [masculine] (Arabic), خَبِيرَة (ḵabīra) [feminine] (Arabic), مُتَذَوِّق (mutaḏawwiq) [masculine] (Arabic), مُتَذَوِّقَة (mutaḏawwiqa) [feminine] (Arabic), зна́вец (znávjec) [masculine] (Belarusian), знато́к (znatók) [masculine] (Belarusian), зна́ўца (znáŭca) [masculine] (Belarusian), познава́ч (poznaváč) [masculine] (Bulgarian), познава́чка (poznaváčka) [feminine] (Bulgarian), цени́тел (cenítel) [masculine] (Bulgarian), цени́телка (cenítelka) (note: of art, beauty) [feminine] (Bulgarian), 鑒定家 (Chinese Mandarin), 鉴定家 (jiàndìngjiā) (Chinese Mandarin), 鑑賞家 (Chinese Mandarin), 鉴赏家 (jiànshǎngjiā) (Chinese Mandarin), 行家 (hángjiā) (Chinese Mandarin), znalec [masculine] (Czech), znalkyně [feminine] (Czech), kender [common-gender] (Danish), connaisseur [common-gender] (Danish), kenner [masculine] (Dutch), deskundige [masculine] (Dutch), tuntija (Finnish), erikoistuntija (Finnish), connaisseur [masculine] (French), connaisseuse [feminine] (French), Kenner [masculine] (German), Kennerin [feminine] (German), Connaisseur [masculine] (German), ειδήμων (eidímon) [feminine, masculine] (Greek), κονεσέρ (konesér) [feminine, masculine] (Greek), מומחה \ מֻמְחֶה (mumkhé) [masculine] (Hebrew), műértő (Hungarian), intenditore [masculine] (Italian), conoscitore [masculine] (Italian), esperto [masculine] (Italian), connaisseur [masculine] (Italian), 鑑定家 (kanteika) (alt: かんていか) (Japanese), 目利き (mekiki) (alt: めきき) (Japanese), 鑑識家 (kanshikika) (alt: かんしきか) (Japanese), 감정가 (gamjeongga) (alt: 鑑定家) (Korean), познавач (poznavač) [masculine] (Macedonian), познавачка (poznavačka) [masculine] (Macedonian), خبره (xebre) (Persian), اهل فن (ahl-e fann) [art, arts] (Persian), koneser [masculine] (Polish), koneserka [feminine] (Polish), znawca [masculine] (Polish), znawczyni [feminine] (Polish), connaisseur [masculine] (Portuguese), conhecedor (english: (Brazil)) [masculine] (Portuguese), perito [masculine] (Portuguese), cunoscător [masculine] (Romanian), cunoscătoare [feminine] (Romanian), знато́к (znatók) [masculine] (Russian), цени́тель (cenítelʹ) [masculine] (Russian), цени́тельница (cenítelʹnica) (note: of art, beauty) [feminine] (Russian), зна́лац [Cyrillic, masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), зна̀лица [Cyrillic, masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), ználac [Roman, masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), znàlica [Roman, feminine] (Serbo-Croatian), znalec [masculine] (Slovak), znalkyňa [feminine] (Slovak), poznavalec [masculine] (Slovene), poznavalka [feminine] (Slovene), connaisseur [masculine] (Spanish), connoisseur [masculine] (Spanish), konnässör [common-gender] (Swedish), kännare [common-gender] (Swedish), meraklı (english: taste) (Turkish), mütehassıs (Turkish), uzman (Turkish), erbap (english: taste) (Turkish), знаве́ць (znavécʹ) [masculine] (Ukrainian), ціни́тель (cinýtelʹ) [masculine] (Ukrainian), ціни́телька (cinýtelʹka) (note: of art, beauty) [feminine] (Ukrainian), цінува́ч (cinuváč) [masculine] (Ukrainian), цінува́чка (cinuváčka) [feminine] (Ukrainian), цінува́льник (cinuválʹnyk) [masculine] (Ukrainian), цінува́льниця (cinuválʹnycja) [feminine] (Ukrainian), знато́к (znatók) [masculine] (Ukrainian), поціно́вувач (pocinóvuvač) [masculine] (Ukrainian)

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for connoisseur meaning in English (15.0kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ǵneh₃-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "connoisseur"
      },
      "expansion": "French connoisseur",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "connaître",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to know"
      },
      "expansion": "connaître (“to know”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "connoître",
        "pos": "obsolete pre-1835 spelling of <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"fr\">connaître</i> (“to know”)"
      },
      "expansion": "connoître (obsolete pre-1835 spelling of connaître (“to know”))",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Around 1705–1715, from French connoisseur, from the verb connoître (obsolete pre-1835 spelling of connaître (“to know”)).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "connoisseurs",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "connoisseur (plural connoisseurs)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
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        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms with collocations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with collocations",
            "Entry maintenance"
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          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Mandarin terms with redundant transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "People",
          "orig": "en:People",
          "parents": [
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "coordinate_terms": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "informal",
            "rare"
          ],
          "word": "connoisseuse"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "connoisseurdom"
        },
        {
          "word": "connoisseurial"
        },
        {
          "word": "connoisseurish"
        },
        {
          "word": "connoisseurly"
        },
        {
          "word": "connoisseurship"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "beer connoisseur",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "chocolate connoisseur",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "wine connoisseur",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2002 October 20, Bob Morris, “The Age of Dissonance”, in The New York Times, →ISSN",
          "text": "Real connoisseurs know that to nose and taste properly you have to add still water to your tulip-shaped glass so that the alcohol doesn't overwhelm you.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A specialist in a given field whose opinion is highly valued, especially in one of the fine arts or in matters of taste."
      ],
      "id": "en-connoisseur-en-noun-X9FAzkeo",
      "links": [
        [
          "specialist",
          "specialist"
        ],
        [
          "fine arts",
          "fine arts"
        ],
        [
          "taste",
          "taste"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "maven"
        },
        {
          "word": "cognoscente"
        },
        {
          "word": "connaisseur"
        }
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "ʕārif",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "عَارِف"
        },
        {
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "ʕārifa",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "عَارِفَة"
        },
        {
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "ḵabīr",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "خَبِير"
        },
        {
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "ḵabīra",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "خَبِيرَة"
        },
        {
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "mutaḏawwiq",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "مُتَذَوِّق"
        },
        {
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "mutaḏawwiqa",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "مُتَذَوِّقَة"
        },
        {
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "znávjec",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "зна́вец"
        },
        {
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "znatók",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "знато́к"
        },
        {
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "znáŭca",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "зна́ўца"
        },
        {
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "poznaváč",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "познава́ч"
        },
        {
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "poznaváčka",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "познава́чка"
        },
        {
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "cenítel",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "цени́тел"
        },
        {
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "note": "of art, beauty",
          "roman": "cenítelka",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "цени́телка"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "word": "鑒定家"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "jiàndìngjiā",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "word": "鉴定家"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "word": "鑑賞家"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "jiànshǎngjiā",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "word": "鉴赏家"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "hángjiā",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "word": "行家"
        },
        {
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "znalec"
        },
        {
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "znalkyně"
        },
        {
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "kender"
        },
        {
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "connaisseur"
        },
        {
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "kenner"
        },
        {
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "deskundige"
        },
        {
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "word": "tuntija"
        },
        {
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "word": "erikoistuntija"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "connaisseur"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "connaisseuse"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Kenner"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Kennerin"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Connaisseur"
        },
        {
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "eidímon",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ειδήμων"
        },
        {
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "konesér",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "κονεσέρ"
        },
        {
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "mumkhé",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "מומחה \\ מֻמְחֶה"
        },
        {
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "word": "műértő"
        },
        {
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "intenditore"
        },
        {
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "conoscitore"
        },
        {
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "esperto"
        },
        {
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "connaisseur"
        },
        {
          "alt": "かんていか",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "kanteika",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "word": "鑑定家"
        },
        {
          "alt": "めきき",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "mekiki",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "word": "目利き"
        },
        {
          "alt": "かんしきか",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "kanshikika",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "word": "鑑識家"
        },
        {
          "alt": "鑑定家",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "gamjeongga",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "word": "감정가"
        },
        {
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "poznavač",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "познавач"
        },
        {
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "poznavačka",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "познавачка"
        },
        {
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "xebre",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "word": "خبره"
        },
        {
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "ahl-e fann",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "topics": [
            "art",
            "arts"
          ],
          "word": "اهل فن"
        },
        {
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "koneser"
        },
        {
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "koneserka"
        },
        {
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "znawca"
        },
        {
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "znawczyni"
        },
        {
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "connaisseur"
        },
        {
          "code": "pt",
          "english": "(Brazil)",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "conhecedor"
        },
        {
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "perito"
        },
        {
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "cunoscător"
        },
        {
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "cunoscătoare"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "znatók",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "знато́к"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "cenítelʹ",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "цени́тель"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "note": "of art, beauty",
          "roman": "cenítelʹnica",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "цени́тельница"
        },
        {
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "зна́лац"
        },
        {
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "зна̀лица"
        },
        {
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "Roman",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ználac"
        },
        {
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "Roman",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "znàlica"
        },
        {
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "znalec"
        },
        {
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "znalkyňa"
        },
        {
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "poznavalec"
        },
        {
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "poznavalka"
        },
        {
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "connaisseur"
        },
        {
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "connoisseur"
        },
        {
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "konnässör"
        },
        {
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "kännare"
        },
        {
          "code": "tr",
          "english": "taste",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "word": "meraklı"
        },
        {
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "word": "mütehassıs"
        },
        {
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "word": "uzman"
        },
        {
          "code": "tr",
          "english": "taste",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "word": "erbap"
        },
        {
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "znavécʹ",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "знаве́ць"
        },
        {
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "cinýtelʹ",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ціни́тель"
        },
        {
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "note": "of art, beauty",
          "roman": "cinýtelʹka",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "ціни́телька"
        },
        {
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "cinuváč",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "цінува́ч"
        },
        {
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "cinuváčka",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "цінува́чка"
        },
        {
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "cinuválʹnyk",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "цінува́льник"
        },
        {
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "cinuválʹnycja",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "цінува́льниця"
        },
        {
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "znatók",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "знато́к"
        },
        {
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "pocinóvuvač",
          "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "поціно́вувач"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌkɑnəˈsɝ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌkɑnəˈsʊɹ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌkɒnəˈsɜː/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌkɒnəˈsʊə/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʊə(ɹ)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-connoisseur.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-connoisseur.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-connoisseur.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-connoisseur.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-connoisseur.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "connoisseur"
}
{
  "coordinate_terms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "rare"
      ],
      "word": "connoisseuse"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "connoisseurdom"
    },
    {
      "word": "connoisseurial"
    },
    {
      "word": "connoisseurish"
    },
    {
      "word": "connoisseurly"
    },
    {
      "word": "connoisseurship"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ǵneh₃-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "connoisseur"
      },
      "expansion": "French connoisseur",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "connaître",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to know"
      },
      "expansion": "connaître (“to know”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "connoître",
        "pos": "obsolete pre-1835 spelling of <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"fr\">connaître</i> (“to know”)"
      },
      "expansion": "connoître (obsolete pre-1835 spelling of connaître (“to know”))",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Around 1705–1715, from French connoisseur, from the verb connoître (obsolete pre-1835 spelling of connaître (“to know”)).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "connoisseurs",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "connoisseur (plural connoisseurs)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English 3-syllable words",
        "English countable nouns",
        "English entries with incorrect language header",
        "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
        "English lemmas",
        "English nouns",
        "English terms borrowed from French",
        "English terms derived from French",
        "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵneh₃-",
        "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "English terms with audio links",
        "English terms with collocations",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Mandarin terms with redundant transliterations",
        "Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)",
        "Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)/3 syllables",
        "Rhymes:English/ʊə(ɹ)",
        "Rhymes:English/ʊə(ɹ)/3 syllables",
        "en:People"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "beer connoisseur",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "chocolate connoisseur",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "wine connoisseur",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2002 October 20, Bob Morris, “The Age of Dissonance”, in The New York Times, →ISSN",
          "text": "Real connoisseurs know that to nose and taste properly you have to add still water to your tulip-shaped glass so that the alcohol doesn't overwhelm you.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A specialist in a given field whose opinion is highly valued, especially in one of the fine arts or in matters of taste."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "specialist",
          "specialist"
        ],
        [
          "fine arts",
          "fine arts"
        ],
        [
          "taste",
          "taste"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌkɑnəˈsɝ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌkɑnəˈsʊɹ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌkɒnəˈsɜː/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌkɒnəˈsʊə/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʊə(ɹ)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-connoisseur.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-connoisseur.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-connoisseur.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-connoisseur.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-connoisseur.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "maven"
    },
    {
      "word": "cognoscente"
    },
    {
      "word": "connaisseur"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "ʕārif",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "عَارِف"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "ʕārifa",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "عَارِفَة"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "ḵabīr",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "خَبِير"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "ḵabīra",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "خَبِيرَة"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "mutaḏawwiq",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "مُتَذَوِّق"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "mutaḏawwiqa",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "مُتَذَوِّقَة"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "znávjec",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "зна́вец"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "znatók",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "знато́к"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "znáŭca",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "зна́ўца"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "poznaváč",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "познава́ч"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "poznaváčka",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "познава́чка"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "cenítel",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "цени́тел"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "note": "of art, beauty",
      "roman": "cenítelka",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "цени́телка"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "word": "鑒定家"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "jiàndìngjiā",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "word": "鉴定家"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "word": "鑑賞家"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "jiànshǎngjiā",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "word": "鉴赏家"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "hángjiā",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "word": "行家"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "znalec"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "znalkyně"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "kender"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "connaisseur"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "kenner"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "deskundige"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "word": "tuntija"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "word": "erikoistuntija"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "connaisseur"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "connaisseuse"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Kenner"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Kennerin"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Connaisseur"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "eidímon",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ειδήμων"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "konesér",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "κονεσέρ"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "mumkhé",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "מומחה \\ מֻמְחֶה"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "word": "műértő"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "intenditore"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "conoscitore"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "esperto"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "connaisseur"
    },
    {
      "alt": "かんていか",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "kanteika",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "word": "鑑定家"
    },
    {
      "alt": "めきき",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "mekiki",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "word": "目利き"
    },
    {
      "alt": "かんしきか",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "kanshikika",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "word": "鑑識家"
    },
    {
      "alt": "鑑定家",
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "gamjeongga",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "word": "감정가"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "poznavač",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "познавач"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "poznavačka",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "познавачка"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "xebre",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "word": "خبره"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "ahl-e fann",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "topics": [
        "art",
        "arts"
      ],
      "word": "اهل فن"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "koneser"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "koneserka"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "znawca"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "znawczyni"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "connaisseur"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "english": "(Brazil)",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "conhecedor"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "perito"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "cunoscător"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "cunoscătoare"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "znatók",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "знато́к"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "cenítelʹ",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "цени́тель"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "note": "of art, beauty",
      "roman": "cenítelʹnica",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "цени́тельница"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "зна́лац"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "зна̀лица"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "Roman",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ználac"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "Roman",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "znàlica"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "znalec"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "znalkyňa"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "poznavalec"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "poznavalka"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "connaisseur"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "connoisseur"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "konnässör"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "kännare"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "english": "taste",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "word": "meraklı"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "word": "mütehassıs"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "word": "uzman"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "english": "taste",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "word": "erbap"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "znavécʹ",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "знаве́ць"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "cinýtelʹ",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ціни́тель"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "note": "of art, beauty",
      "roman": "cinýtelʹka",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ціни́телька"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "cinuváč",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "цінува́ч"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "cinuváčka",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "цінува́чка"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "cinuválʹnyk",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "цінува́льник"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "cinuválʹnycja",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "цінува́льниця"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "znatók",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "знато́к"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "pocinóvuvač",
      "sense": "specialist whose opinion is valued",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "поціно́вувач"
    }
  ],
  "word": "connoisseur"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (a644e18 and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.