See apostrophe in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "apostrophe"
},
"expansion": "French apostrophe",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "apostrophus"
},
"expansion": "Latin apostrophus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ἀπόστροφος",
"t": "accent of elision"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀπόστροφος (apóstrophos, “accent of elision”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French apostrophe, or Latin apostrophus, from Ancient Greek ἀπόστροφος (apóstrophos, “accent of elision”), a noun use of an adjective from ἀποστρέφω (apostréphō, “I turn away”), from ἀπό (apó, “away from”) + στρέφω (stréphō, “to turn”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "apostrophes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "apostrophe (plural apostrophes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Orthography",
"orig": "en:Orthography",
"parents": [
"Writing",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Human",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "32 29 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Albanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
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{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Asturian translations",
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{
"kind": "other",
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{
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
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{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
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{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Cornish translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "56 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "63 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
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{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "57 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "56 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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{
"kind": "other",
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{
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"_dis": "56 44",
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{
"_dis": "57 43",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kazakh translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
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{
"kind": "other",
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{
"_dis": "53 47",
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{
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{
"_dis": "53 47",
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{
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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{
"kind": "other",
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{
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{
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{
"kind": "other",
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{
"kind": "other",
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{
"kind": "other",
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{
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{
"_dis": "54 46",
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},
{
"_dis": "55 45",
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},
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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},
{
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},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
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},
{
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{
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{
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{
"_dis": "57 43",
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{
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{
"_dis": "54 46",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "64 22 15",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Diacritical marks",
"orig": "en:Diacritical marks",
"parents": [
"Letters, symbols, and punctuation",
"Symbols",
"Orthography",
"Writing",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Human",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "38 38 24",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Figures of speech",
"orig": "en:Figures of speech",
"parents": [
"Rhetoric",
"Language",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "64 21 15",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Punctuation marks",
"orig": "en:Punctuation marks",
"parents": [
"Letters, symbols, and punctuation",
"Symbols",
"Orthography",
"Writing",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Human",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 41 15",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Typography",
"orig": "en:Typography",
"parents": [
"Printing",
"Writing",
"Industries",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Business",
"Human",
"Communication",
"Economics",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Social sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "apologetic apostrophe"
},
{
"word": "apostrophectomy"
},
{
"word": "apostrophed"
},
{
"word": "apostropheless"
},
{
"word": "apostrophise"
},
{
"word": "curly apostrophe"
},
{
"word": "greengrocers' apostrophe"
},
{
"word": "greengrocer's apostrophe"
},
{
"word": "printer's apostrophe"
},
{
"word": "straight apostrophe"
},
{
"word": "typewriter apostrophe"
},
{
"word": "typographical apostrophe"
},
{
"word": "typographic apostrophe"
},
{
"word": "vertical apostrophe"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2021, Claire Cock-Starkey, Hyphens & Hashtags, Bodleian Library, page 30:",
"text": "Since its inception the apostrophe has been a controversial piece of punctuation.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The text character ’, which serves as a punctuation mark in various languages and as a diacritical mark in certain rare contexts."
],
"id": "en-apostrophe-en-noun-en:character",
"links": [
[
"orthography",
"orthography"
],
[
"’",
"’"
],
[
"punctuation",
"punctuation"
],
[
"diacritical mark",
"diacritical mark"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(orthography) The text character ’, which serves as a punctuation mark in various languages and as a diacritical mark in certain rare contexts."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "curly brackets"
},
{
"alt": "{ }",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"word": "brace"
},
{
"word": "square bracket"
},
{
"alt": "[ ]",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"word": "bracket"
},
{
"alt": ":",
"word": "colon"
},
{
"alt": ",",
"word": "comma"
},
{
"alt": "‒; –; —; ―",
"word": "dash"
},
{
"alt": "…",
"word": "ellipsis"
},
{
"alt": "!",
"word": "exclamation mark"
},
{
"alt": "⁄",
"word": "fraction slash"
},
{
"alt": "« »; ‹ ›",
"word": "guillemet"
},
{
"alt": "-; ‐",
"word": "hyphen"
},
{
"alt": "·",
"word": "interpunct"
},
{
"alt": "‽",
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "interrobang"
},
{
"word": "bracket"
},
{
"word": "parentheses (US"
},
{
"alt": "( )",
"word": "Canada)"
},
{
"word": "full stop"
},
{
"alt": ".",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US"
],
"word": "period"
},
{
"alt": "?",
"word": "question mark"
},
{
"alt": "‘ ’ ‚; „",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "quotation marks"
},
{
"alt": "\"; '",
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"natural-sciences"
],
"word": "quotation marks"
},
{
"alt": ";",
"word": "semicolon"
},
{
"word": "slash"
},
{
"alt": "/",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"word": "stroke"
},
{
"alt": "] [",
"word": "space"
}
],
"senseid": [
"en:character"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "apostrophë"
},
{
"word": "apostrophy"
}
],
"topics": [
"communications",
"journalism",
"literature",
"media",
"orthography",
"publishing",
"writing"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "apostrof"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "fāṣila ʕulyā",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "فَاصِلَة عُلْيَا"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "apatʻarcʻ",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "ապաթարց"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "apóstrofu"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "apostrof"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "apóstraf",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "апо́страф"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "urdhokma",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "ঊর্ধকমা"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "apostróf",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "апостро́ф"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "apòstrof"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shěnglüè fúhào",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "省略符號 /省略符号"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "géyīn fúhào",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "隔音符號 /隔音符号"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shěngzìfú",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "省字符"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "piěhào",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "撇號 /撇号"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dùnhū",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "頓呼 /顿呼"
},
{
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kollverk"
},
{
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "kollverkys"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "apostrof"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "apostrof"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "weglatingsteken"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "apostrof"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "apostrofo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "ülakoma"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "heittomerkki"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "apostrofi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "apostrophe"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "apóstrofo"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "aṗosṭropi",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "აპოსტროფი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Apostroph"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Hochkomma"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "apóstrofos",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "απόστροφος"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "apóstrophos",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ἀπόστροφος"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "apostrof",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "אַפּוֹסְטְרוֹף"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "aposztróf"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "hiányjel"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "úrfellingarmerki"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "apostrofo"
},
{
"code": "ilo",
"lang": "Ilocano",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "tuldek"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "tanda penyingkat"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "apostropho"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "uaschamóg"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "apastróf"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "apostrofo"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "aposutorofī",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "アポストロフィー"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "aposutorofu",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "アポストロフ"
},
{
"alt": "しょうりゃくふごう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shōryaku fugō",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "省略符号"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "apostrof",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "апостроф"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "aposeuteuropi",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "아포스트로피"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "apostrof",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "апостроф"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "apostrophus"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "apostrofs"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "apostrofas"
},
{
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Apostroph"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "apostrof",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "апостроф"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "tanda penyingkat"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "viślēṣaṁ",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "വിശ്ലേഷം"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "apostrophee"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "pakini"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "apostrof",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "апостроф"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "apostrof"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "apostrof"
},
{
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "âpustruf",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "آپوسْتْروف"
},
{
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "âpâstruf",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "آپاسْتْروف"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "apostrof"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "apóstrofo"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "apostrof"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "apóstrof",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "апо́строф"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "apostróf",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "апостро́ф"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ascair"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "asgair"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "а̀построф"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "изо̀ставник"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"masculine"
],
"word": "àpostrof"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"masculine"
],
"word": "izòstavnik"
},
{
"code": "si",
"lang": "Sinhalese",
"roman": "uḍu komā",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "උඩු කොමා"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "apostrof"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "opuščaj"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "apostrof"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "apóstrofo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "apóstrofe"
},
{
"code": "srn",
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "kotimarki"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "ritifaa"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "apostrofi"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "apostrof"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "kudlit"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "apostrof",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "апостроф"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "apostrof",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "апостроф"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "à-pɔ́ɔs-trɔɔ-fîi",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "อะพอสทรอฟี"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "kesme işareti"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "apostrof"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "apóstrof",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "апо́строф"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "apostróf",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "апостро́ф"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "ajritish belgisi",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "ئاجرىتىش بەلگىسى"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "isqartish belgisi",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "ىسقارتىش بەلگىسى"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "apostrof"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "dấu lược"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "collnod"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sillgoll"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "apostrof",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "אַפּאָסטראָף"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈpɒs.tɹə.fi/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-apostrophe.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-apostrophe.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-apostrophe.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-apostrophe.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-apostrophe.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/əˈpɑs.tɹə.fi/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-apostrophe.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/75/En-us-apostrophe.ogg/En-us-apostrophe.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/En-us-apostrophe.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-apostrophe.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/46/En-au-apostrophe.ogg/En-au-apostrophe.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/En-au-apostrophe.ogg"
}
],
"word": "apostrophe"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "apostrophe"
},
"expansion": "Latin apostrophe",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ἀποστροφή"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀποστροφή (apostrophḗ)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin apostrophe, from Ancient Greek ἀποστροφή (apostrophḗ), from ἀποστρέφω (apostréphō, “I turn away”), from ἀπό (apó) + στρέφω (stréphō, “I turn”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "apostrophes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "apostrophe (countable and uncountable, plural apostrophes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Rhetoric",
"orig": "en:Rhetoric",
"parents": [
"Language",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "32 29 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Asturian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 38 24",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Figures of speech",
"orig": "en:Figures of speech",
"parents": [
"Rhetoric",
"Language",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 52 16",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Talking",
"orig": "en:Talking",
"parents": [
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Human",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 41 15",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Typography",
"orig": "en:Typography",
"parents": [
"Printing",
"Writing",
"Industries",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Business",
"Human",
"Communication",
"Economics",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Social sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "apostrophic"
},
{
"word": "apostrophically"
},
{
"word": "apostrophize"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "[1835, L[arret] Langley, A Manual of the Figures of Rhetoric, […], Doncaster: Printed by C. White, Baxter-Gate, →OCLC, page 28:",
"text": "Apostrophe a bold digression makes,\nMov'd by some sudden thought the theme awakes.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1842, [anonymous collaborator of Letitia Elizabeth Landon], chapter XXXIV, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 139:",
"text": "The warm apostrophe of Riccardini to this little representative of his parents, whom he called \"the son of his love, the child of his old age, the gift of his beloved niece, on the behalf of his angel-daughter,\" affected them all;...",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A sudden exclamatory piece of dialogue addressed to someone or something, especially absent."
],
"id": "en-apostrophe-en-noun-en:rhetoric",
"links": [
[
"rhetoric",
"rhetoric"
],
[
"exclamatory",
"exclamatory"
],
[
"dialogue",
"dialogue"
],
[
"addressed",
"addressed"
],
[
"absent",
"absent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rhetoric) A sudden exclamatory piece of dialogue addressed to someone or something, especially absent."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "catastrophe"
}
],
"senseid": [
"en:rhetoric"
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"rhetoric",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "iltifāt",
"sense": "sudden piece of dialogue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "اِلْتِفَات"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "apatʻarcʻ",
"sense": "sudden piece of dialogue",
"word": "ապաթարց"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "sudden piece of dialogue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "apóstrofe"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "apostrof",
"sense": "sudden piece of dialogue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "апостроф"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "sudden piece of dialogue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "apòstrofe"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "sudden piece of dialogue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "apostrofa"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "sudden piece of dialogue",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "apostrofe"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "sudden piece of dialogue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "apostrof"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sudden piece of dialogue",
"word": "apostrofi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "sudden piece of dialogue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "apostrophe"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "sudden piece of dialogue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "apóstrofe"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "sudden piece of dialogue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Apostrophe"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "apostrofí",
"sense": "sudden piece of dialogue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "αποστροφή"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "sudden piece of dialogue",
"word": "apostrophe"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "sudden piece of dialogue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aitheasc"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "sudden piece of dialogue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "apastróf"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "sudden piece of dialogue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "apostropha"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "sudden piece of dialogue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "apostrofa"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "apostrófa",
"sense": "sudden piece of dialogue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "апостро́фа"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "sudden piece of dialogue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "apostrofa"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "sudden piece of dialogue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "apóstrofe"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "sudden piece of dialogue",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "apostrof"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "sudden piece of dialogue",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "апо̀строфа"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "sudden piece of dialogue",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "apòstrofa"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sudden piece of dialogue",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "apóstrofe"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "sudden piece of dialogue",
"word": "apostrof"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "sudden piece of dialogue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cyfarchiad"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈpɒs.tɹə.fi/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-apostrophe.wav",
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},
{
"ipa": "/əˈpɑs.tɹə.fi/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-apostrophe.ogg",
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/En-au-apostrophe.ogg"
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],
"word": "apostrophe"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "?"
},
"expansion": "apostrophe",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "en:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "32 29 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 38 24",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Figures of speech",
"orig": "en:Figures of speech",
"parents": [
"Rhetoric",
"Language",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 41 15",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Typography",
"orig": "en:Typography",
"parents": [
"Printing",
"Writing",
"Industries",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Business",
"Human",
"Communication",
"Economics",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Social sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1905 September 8, Harold Wager, “On Some Problems of Cell Structure and Physiology”, in English Mechanics and the World of Science, volume 82, number 2111, page 105:",
"text": "As is well known, chloroplast in the epistrophe position presents an oval or more or less circular form; in the apostrophe position a flattened and lenticular form.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An arrangement of chlorophyll grains perpendicular to the outer surface of plant cells, as opposed to epostrophe (an arrangement on the outer surface)."
],
"id": "en-apostrophe-en-noun-Bz4yobDj",
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"chlorophyll",
"chlorophyll"
],
[
"perpendicular",
"perpendicular"
],
[
"outer",
"outer"
],
[
"surface",
"surface"
],
[
"epostrophe",
"epostrophe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) An arrangement of chlorophyll grains perpendicular to the outer surface of plant cells, as opposed to epostrophe (an arrangement on the outer surface)."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈpɒs.tɹə.fi/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
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{
"ipa": "/əˈpɑs.tɹə.fi/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/En-au-apostrophe.ogg"
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],
"word": "apostrophe"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with unknown or uncertain plurals",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Cornish translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Ilocano translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Interlingua translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Malayalam translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Manx translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Sinhalese translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Sranan Tongo translations",
"Terms with Swahili translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Tajik translations",
"Terms with Tatar translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Turkmen translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Uyghur translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations",
"en:Diacritical marks",
"en:Figures of speech",
"en:Punctuation marks",
"en:Talking",
"en:Typography"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "apologetic apostrophe"
},
{
"word": "apostrophectomy"
},
{
"word": "apostrophed"
},
{
"word": "apostropheless"
},
{
"word": "apostrophise"
},
{
"word": "curly apostrophe"
},
{
"word": "greengrocers' apostrophe"
},
{
"word": "greengrocer's apostrophe"
},
{
"word": "printer's apostrophe"
},
{
"word": "straight apostrophe"
},
{
"word": "typewriter apostrophe"
},
{
"word": "typographical apostrophe"
},
{
"word": "typographic apostrophe"
},
{
"word": "vertical apostrophe"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "apostrophe"
},
"expansion": "French apostrophe",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "apostrophus"
},
"expansion": "Latin apostrophus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ἀπόστροφος",
"t": "accent of elision"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀπόστροφος (apóstrophos, “accent of elision”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French apostrophe, or Latin apostrophus, from Ancient Greek ἀπόστροφος (apóstrophos, “accent of elision”), a noun use of an adjective from ἀποστρέφω (apostréphō, “I turn away”), from ἀπό (apó, “away from”) + στρέφω (stréphō, “to turn”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "apostrophes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "apostrophe (plural apostrophes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "curly brackets"
},
{
"alt": "{ }",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"word": "brace"
},
{
"word": "square bracket"
},
{
"alt": "[ ]",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"word": "bracket"
},
{
"alt": ":",
"word": "colon"
},
{
"alt": ",",
"word": "comma"
},
{
"alt": "‒; –; —; ―",
"word": "dash"
},
{
"alt": "…",
"word": "ellipsis"
},
{
"alt": "!",
"word": "exclamation mark"
},
{
"alt": "⁄",
"word": "fraction slash"
},
{
"alt": "« »; ‹ ›",
"word": "guillemet"
},
{
"alt": "-; ‐",
"word": "hyphen"
},
{
"alt": "·",
"word": "interpunct"
},
{
"alt": "‽",
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "interrobang"
},
{
"word": "bracket"
},
{
"word": "parentheses (US"
},
{
"alt": "( )",
"word": "Canada)"
},
{
"word": "full stop"
},
{
"alt": ".",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US"
],
"word": "period"
},
{
"alt": "?",
"word": "question mark"
},
{
"alt": "‘ ’ ‚; „",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "quotation marks"
},
{
"alt": "\"; '",
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"natural-sciences"
],
"word": "quotation marks"
},
{
"alt": ";",
"word": "semicolon"
},
{
"word": "slash"
},
{
"alt": "/",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"word": "stroke"
},
{
"alt": "] [",
"word": "space"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Orthography"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2021, Claire Cock-Starkey, Hyphens & Hashtags, Bodleian Library, page 30:",
"text": "Since its inception the apostrophe has been a controversial piece of punctuation.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The text character ’, which serves as a punctuation mark in various languages and as a diacritical mark in certain rare contexts."
],
"links": [
[
"orthography",
"orthography"
],
[
"’",
"’"
],
[
"punctuation",
"punctuation"
],
[
"diacritical mark",
"diacritical mark"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(orthography) The text character ’, which serves as a punctuation mark in various languages and as a diacritical mark in certain rare contexts."
],
"senseid": [
"en:character"
],
"topics": [
"communications",
"journalism",
"literature",
"media",
"orthography",
"publishing",
"writing"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈpɒs.tɹə.fi/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
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{
"ipa": "/əˈpɑs.tɹə.fi/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/En-au-apostrophe.ogg"
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],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "apostrophë"
},
{
"word": "apostrophy"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "apostrof"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "fāṣila ʕulyā",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "فَاصِلَة عُلْيَا"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "apatʻarcʻ",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "ապաթարց"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "apóstrofu"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "apostrof"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "apóstraf",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "апо́страф"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "urdhokma",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "ঊর্ধকমা"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "apostróf",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "апостро́ф"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "apòstrof"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shěnglüè fúhào",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "省略符號 /省略符号"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "géyīn fúhào",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "隔音符號 /隔音符号"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shěngzìfú",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "省字符"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "piěhào",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "撇號 /撇号"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dùnhū",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "頓呼 /顿呼"
},
{
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kollverk"
},
{
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "kollverkys"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "apostrof"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "apostrof"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "weglatingsteken"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "apostrof"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "apostrofo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "ülakoma"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "heittomerkki"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "apostrofi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "apostrophe"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "apóstrofo"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "aṗosṭropi",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "აპოსტროფი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Apostroph"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Hochkomma"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "apóstrofos",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "απόστροφος"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "apóstrophos",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ἀπόστροφος"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "apostrof",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "אַפּוֹסְטְרוֹף"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "aposztróf"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "hiányjel"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "úrfellingarmerki"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "apostrofo"
},
{
"code": "ilo",
"lang": "Ilocano",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "tuldek"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "tanda penyingkat"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "apostropho"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "uaschamóg"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "apastróf"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "apostrofo"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "aposutorofī",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "アポストロフィー"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "aposutorofu",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "アポストロフ"
},
{
"alt": "しょうりゃくふごう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shōryaku fugō",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "省略符号"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "apostrof",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "апостроф"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "aposeuteuropi",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "아포스트로피"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "apostrof",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "апостроф"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "apostrophus"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "apostrofs"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "apostrofas"
},
{
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Apostroph"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "apostrof",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "апостроф"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "tanda penyingkat"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "viślēṣaṁ",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "വിശ്ലേഷം"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "apostrophee"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "pakini"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "apostrof",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "апостроф"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "apostrof"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "apostrof"
},
{
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "âpustruf",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "آپوسْتْروف"
},
{
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "âpâstruf",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "آپاسْتْروف"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "apostrof"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "apóstrofo"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "apostrof"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "apóstrof",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "апо́строф"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "apostróf",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "апостро́ф"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ascair"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "asgair"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "а̀построф"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "изо̀ставник"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"masculine"
],
"word": "àpostrof"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"masculine"
],
"word": "izòstavnik"
},
{
"code": "si",
"lang": "Sinhalese",
"roman": "uḍu komā",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "උඩු කොමා"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "apostrof"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "opuščaj"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "apostrof"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "apóstrofo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "apóstrofe"
},
{
"code": "srn",
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "kotimarki"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "ritifaa"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "apostrofi"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "apostrof"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "kudlit"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "apostrof",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "апостроф"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "apostrof",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "апостроф"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "à-pɔ́ɔs-trɔɔ-fîi",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "อะพอสทรอฟี"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "kesme işareti"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "apostrof"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "apóstrof",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "апо́строф"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "apostróf",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "апостро́ф"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "ajritish belgisi",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "ئاجرىتىش بەلگىسى"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "isqartish belgisi",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "ىسقارتىش بەلگىسى"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "apostrof"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "the character ’",
"word": "dấu lược"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "collnod"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sillgoll"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "apostrof",
"sense": "the character ’",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "אַפּאָסטראָף"
}
],
"word": "apostrophe"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with unknown or uncertain plurals",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for gender in Swedish entries",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Interlingua translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Diacritical marks",
"en:Figures of speech",
"en:Punctuation marks",
"en:Talking",
"en:Typography"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "apostrophic"
},
{
"word": "apostrophically"
},
{
"word": "apostrophize"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "apostrophe"
},
"expansion": "Latin apostrophe",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ἀποστροφή"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀποστροφή (apostrophḗ)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin apostrophe, from Ancient Greek ἀποστροφή (apostrophḗ), from ἀποστρέφω (apostréphō, “I turn away”), from ἀπό (apó) + στρέφω (stréphō, “I turn”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "apostrophes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "apostrophe (countable and uncountable, plural apostrophes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "catastrophe"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Rhetoric"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "[1835, L[arret] Langley, A Manual of the Figures of Rhetoric, […], Doncaster: Printed by C. White, Baxter-Gate, →OCLC, page 28:",
"text": "Apostrophe a bold digression makes,\nMov'd by some sudden thought the theme awakes.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1842, [anonymous collaborator of Letitia Elizabeth Landon], chapter XXXIV, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 139:",
"text": "The warm apostrophe of Riccardini to this little representative of his parents, whom he called \"the son of his love, the child of his old age, the gift of his beloved niece, on the behalf of his angel-daughter,\" affected them all;...",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A sudden exclamatory piece of dialogue addressed to someone or something, especially absent."
],
"links": [
[
"rhetoric",
"rhetoric"
],
[
"exclamatory",
"exclamatory"
],
[
"dialogue",
"dialogue"
],
[
"addressed",
"addressed"
],
[
"absent",
"absent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rhetoric) A sudden exclamatory piece of dialogue addressed to someone or something, especially absent."
],
"senseid": [
"en:rhetoric"
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"rhetoric",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈpɒs.tɹə.fi/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-apostrophe.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-apostrophe.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-apostrophe.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"ipa": "/əˈpɑs.tɹə.fi/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-apostrophe.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/75/En-us-apostrophe.ogg/En-us-apostrophe.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/En-us-apostrophe.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-apostrophe.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/46/En-au-apostrophe.ogg/En-au-apostrophe.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/En-au-apostrophe.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "iltifāt",
"sense": "sudden piece of dialogue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "اِلْتِفَات"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "apatʻarcʻ",
"sense": "sudden piece of dialogue",
"word": "ապաթարց"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "sudden piece of dialogue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "apóstrofe"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "apostrof",
"sense": "sudden piece of dialogue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "апостроф"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "sudden piece of dialogue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "apòstrofe"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "sudden piece of dialogue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "apostrofa"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "sudden piece of dialogue",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "apostrofe"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "sudden piece of dialogue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "apostrof"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sudden piece of dialogue",
"word": "apostrofi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "sudden piece of dialogue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "apostrophe"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "sudden piece of dialogue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "apóstrofe"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "sudden piece of dialogue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Apostrophe"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "apostrofí",
"sense": "sudden piece of dialogue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "αποστροφή"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "sudden piece of dialogue",
"word": "apostrophe"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "sudden piece of dialogue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aitheasc"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "sudden piece of dialogue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "apastróf"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "sudden piece of dialogue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "apostropha"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "sudden piece of dialogue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "apostrofa"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "apostrófa",
"sense": "sudden piece of dialogue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "апостро́фа"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "sudden piece of dialogue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "apostrofa"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "sudden piece of dialogue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "apóstrofe"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "sudden piece of dialogue",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "apostrof"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "sudden piece of dialogue",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "апо̀строфа"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "sudden piece of dialogue",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "apòstrofa"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sudden piece of dialogue",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "apóstrofe"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "sudden piece of dialogue",
"word": "apostrof"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "sudden piece of dialogue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cyfarchiad"
}
],
"word": "apostrophe"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with unknown or uncertain plurals",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"en:Diacritical marks",
"en:Figures of speech",
"en:Punctuation marks",
"en:Talking",
"en:Typography"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "?"
},
"expansion": "apostrophe",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Botany"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1905 September 8, Harold Wager, “On Some Problems of Cell Structure and Physiology”, in English Mechanics and the World of Science, volume 82, number 2111, page 105:",
"text": "As is well known, chloroplast in the epistrophe position presents an oval or more or less circular form; in the apostrophe position a flattened and lenticular form.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An arrangement of chlorophyll grains perpendicular to the outer surface of plant cells, as opposed to epostrophe (an arrangement on the outer surface)."
],
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"chlorophyll",
"chlorophyll"
],
[
"perpendicular",
"perpendicular"
],
[
"outer",
"outer"
],
[
"surface",
"surface"
],
[
"epostrophe",
"epostrophe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) An arrangement of chlorophyll grains perpendicular to the outer surface of plant cells, as opposed to epostrophe (an arrangement on the outer surface)."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈpɒs.tɹə.fi/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
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"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-apostrophe.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-apostrophe.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"ipa": "/əˈpɑs.tɹə.fi/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-apostrophe.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/75/En-us-apostrophe.ogg/En-us-apostrophe.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/En-us-apostrophe.ogg"
},
{
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],
"word": "apostrophe"
}
Download raw JSONL data for apostrophe meaning in English (28.7kB)
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "apostrophe/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English nouns with unknown or uncertain plurals\", \"English terms derived from Ancient Greek\", \"English terms derived from French\", \"English terms derived from Latin\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 3 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Terms with Albanian translations\", \"Terms with Ancient Greek translations\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Armenian translations\", \"Terms with Asturian translations\", \"Terms with Azerbaijani translations\", \"Terms with Belarusian translations\", \"Terms with Bengali translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Cornish translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Estonian translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Galician translations\", \"Terms with Georgian translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hebrew translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Ido translations\", \"Terms with Ilocano translations\", \"Terms with Indonesian translations\", \"Terms with Interlingua translations\", \"Terms with Irish translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Kazakh translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Kyrgyz translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Latvian translations\", \"Terms with Lithuanian translations\", \"Terms with Luxembourgish translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Malay translations\", \"Terms with Malayalam translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Manx translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Mongolian translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations\", \"Terms with Persian translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Sinhalese translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Sranan Tongo translations\", \"Terms with Swahili translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Tagalog translations\", \"Terms with Tajik translations\", \"Terms with Tatar translations\", \"Terms with Thai translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Turkmen translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with Uyghur translations\", \"Terms with Uzbek translations\", \"Terms with Vietnamese translations\", \"Terms with Welsh translations\", \"Terms with Yiddish translations\", \"en:Diacritical marks\", \"en:Figures of speech\", \"en:Punctuation marks\", \"en:Talking\", \"en:Typography\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"apologetic apostrophe\"}, {\"word\": \"apostrophectomy\"}, {\"word\": \"apostrophed\"}, {\"word\": \"apostropheless\"}, {\"word\": \"apostrophise\"}, {\"word\": \"curly apostrophe\"}, {\"word\": \"greengrocers' apostrophe\"}, {\"word\": \"greengrocer's apostrophe\"}, {\"word\": \"printer's apostrophe\"}, {\"word\": \"straight apostrophe\"}, {\"word\": \"typewriter apostrophe\"}, {\"word\": \"typographical apostrophe\"}, {\"word\": \"typographic apostrophe\"}, {\"word\": \"vertical apostrophe\"}], \"etymology_number\": 1, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"fr\", \"3\": \"apostrophe\"}, \"expansion\": \"French apostrophe\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"la\", \"3\": \"apostrophus\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin apostrophus\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"grc\", \"3\": \"ἀπόστροφος\", \"t\": \"accent of elision\"}, \"expansion\": \"Ancient Greek ἀπόστροφος (apóstrophos, “accent of elision”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From French apostrophe, or Latin apostrophus, from Ancient Greek ἀπόστροφος (apóstrophos, “accent of elision”), a noun use of an adjective from ἀποστρέφω (apostréphō, “I turn away”), from ἀπό (apó, “away from”) + στρέφω (stréphō, “to turn”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"apostrophes\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"apostrophe (plural apostrophes)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"related\": 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\"\\\"; '\", \"tags\": [\"informal\"], \"topics\": [\"computing\", \"engineering\", \"mathematics\", \"sciences\", \"physical-sciences\", \"natural-sciences\"], \"word\": \"quotation marks\"}, {\"alt\": \";\", \"word\": \"semicolon\"}, {\"word\": \"slash\"}, {\"alt\": \"/\", \"tags\": [\"UK\"], \"word\": \"stroke\"}, {\"alt\": \"] [\", \"word\": \"space\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"en:Orthography\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"2021, Claire Cock-Starkey, Hyphens & Hashtags, Bodleian Library, page 30:\", \"text\": \"Since its inception the apostrophe has been a controversial piece of punctuation.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"The text character ’, which serves as a punctuation mark in various languages and as a diacritical mark in certain rare contexts.\"], \"links\": [[\"orthography\", \"orthography\"], [\"’\", \"’\"], [\"punctuation\", \"punctuation\"], [\"diacritical mark\", \"diacritical mark\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(orthography) The text character ’, which serves as a punctuation mark in various languages and as a diacritical mark in certain rare contexts.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:character\"], \"topics\": [\"communications\", \"journalism\", \"literature\", \"media\", \"orthography\", \"publishing\", \"writing\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/əˈpɒs.tɹə.fi/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"audio\": \"LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-apostrophe.wav\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-apostrophe.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-apostrophe.wav.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-apostrophe.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-apostrophe.wav.ogg\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/əˈpɑs.tɹə.fi/\", \"tags\": [\"US\"]}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-apostrophe.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/75/En-us-apostrophe.ogg/En-us-apostrophe.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/En-us-apostrophe.ogg\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-au-apostrophe.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/46/En-au-apostrophe.ogg/En-au-apostrophe.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/En-au-apostrophe.ogg\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"apostrophë\"}, {\"word\": \"apostrophy\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"sq\", \"lang\": \"Albanian\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"apostrof\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"fāṣila ʕulyā\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"فَاصِلَة عُلْيَا\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"apatʻarcʻ\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"word\": \"ապաթարց\"}, {\"code\": \"ast\", \"lang\": \"Asturian\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"apóstrofu\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"word\": \"apostrof\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"apóstraf\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"апо́страф\"}, {\"code\": \"bn\", \"lang\": \"Bengali\", \"roman\": \"urdhokma\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"word\": \"ঊর্ধকমা\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"apostróf\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"апостро́ф\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"apòstrof\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"shěnglüè fúhào\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"word\": \"省略符號 /省略符号\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"géyīn fúhào\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"word\": \"隔音符號 /隔音符号\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"shěngzìfú\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"word\": \"省字符\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"piěhào\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"word\": \"撇號 /撇号\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"dùnhū\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"word\": \"頓呼 /顿呼\"}, {\"code\": \"kw\", \"lang\": \"Cornish\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"kollverk\"}, {\"code\": \"kw\", \"lang\": \"Cornish\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"kollverkys\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"apostrof\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"apostrof\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"weglatingsteken\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"apostrof\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"word\": \"apostrofo\"}, {\"code\": \"et\", \"lang\": \"Estonian\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"word\": \"ülakoma\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"word\": \"heittomerkki\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"tags\": [\"rare\"], \"word\": \"apostrofi\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"apostrophe\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"apóstrofo\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"aṗosṭropi\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"word\": \"აპოსტროფი\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"Apostroph\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"Hochkomma\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"apóstrofos\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"απόστροφος\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"apóstrophos\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ἀπόστροφος\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"apostrof\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"אַפּוֹסְטְרוֹף\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"word\": \"aposztróf\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"word\": \"hiányjel\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"úrfellingarmerki\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"word\": \"apostrofo\"}, {\"code\": \"ilo\", \"lang\": \"Ilocano\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"word\": \"tuldek\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"word\": \"tanda penyingkat\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"word\": \"apostropho\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"uaschamóg\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"apastróf\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"apostrofo\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"aposutorofī\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"word\": \"アポストロフィー\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"aposutorofu\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"word\": \"アポストロフ\"}, {\"alt\": \"しょうりゃくふごう\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"shōryaku fugō\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"word\": \"省略符号\"}, {\"code\": \"kk\", \"lang\": \"Kazakh\", \"roman\": \"apostrof\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"word\": \"апостроф\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"aposeuteuropi\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"word\": \"아포스트로피\"}, {\"code\": \"ky\", \"lang\": \"Kyrgyz\", \"roman\": \"apostrof\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"word\": \"апостроф\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"apostrophus\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"apostrofs\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"apostrofas\"}, {\"code\": \"lb\", \"lang\": \"Luxembourgish\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"Apostroph\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"apostrof\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"апостроф\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"word\": \"tanda penyingkat\"}, {\"code\": \"ml\", \"lang\": \"Malayalam\", \"roman\": \"viślēṣaṁ\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"word\": \"വിശ്ലേഷം\"}, {\"code\": \"gv\", \"lang\": \"Manx\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"word\": \"apostrophee\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"word\": \"pakini\"}, {\"code\": \"mn\", \"lang\": \"Mongolian\", \"roman\": \"apostrof\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\"], \"word\": \"апостроф\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"apostrof\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"apostrof\"}, {\"code\": \"fa-ira\", \"lang\": \"Iranian Persian\", \"roman\": \"âpustruf\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"word\": \"آپوسْتْروف\"}, {\"code\": \"fa-ira\", \"lang\": \"Iranian Persian\", \"roman\": \"âpâstruf\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"word\": \"آپاسْتْروف\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"apostrof\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"apóstrofo\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"apostrof\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"apóstrof\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"апо́строф\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"apostróf\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"апостро́ф\"}, {\"code\": \"gd\", \"lang\": \"Scottish Gaelic\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"ascair\"}, {\"code\": \"gd\", \"lang\": \"Scottish Gaelic\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"asgair\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"а̀построф\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"изо̀ставник\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"tags\": [\"Latin\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"àpostrof\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"tags\": [\"Latin\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"izòstavnik\"}, {\"code\": \"si\", \"lang\": \"Sinhalese\", \"roman\": \"uḍu komā\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"word\": \"උඩු කොමා\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"apostrof\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"opuščaj\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"apostrof\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"apóstrofo\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"apóstrofe\"}, {\"code\": \"srn\", \"lang\": \"Sranan Tongo\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"word\": \"kotimarki\"}, {\"code\": \"sw\", \"lang\": \"Swahili\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"word\": \"ritifaa\"}, {\"code\": \"sw\", \"lang\": \"Swahili\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"word\": \"apostrofi\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"word\": \"apostrof\"}, {\"code\": \"tl\", \"lang\": \"Tagalog\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"word\": \"kudlit\"}, {\"code\": \"tg\", \"lang\": \"Tajik\", \"roman\": \"apostrof\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"word\": \"апостроф\"}, {\"code\": \"tt\", \"lang\": \"Tatar\", \"roman\": \"apostrof\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"word\": \"апостроф\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"à-pɔ́ɔs-trɔɔ-fîi\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"word\": \"อะพอสทรอฟี\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"word\": \"kesme işareti\"}, {\"code\": \"tk\", \"lang\": \"Turkmen\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"word\": \"apostrof\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"apóstrof\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"апо́строф\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"apostróf\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"апостро́ф\"}, {\"code\": \"ug\", \"lang\": \"Uyghur\", \"roman\": \"ajritish belgisi\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"word\": \"ئاجرىتىش بەلگىسى\"}, {\"code\": \"ug\", \"lang\": \"Uyghur\", \"roman\": \"isqartish belgisi\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"word\": \"ىسقارتىش بەلگىسى\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"word\": \"apostrof\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"word\": \"dấu lược\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"collnod\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"sillgoll\"}, {\"code\": \"yi\", \"lang\": \"Yiddish\", \"roman\": \"apostrof\", \"sense\": \"the character ’\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"אַפּאָסטראָף\"}], \"word\": \"apostrophe\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "apostrophe",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "apostrophe/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English nouns with unknown or uncertain plurals\", \"English terms derived from Ancient Greek\", \"English terms derived from Latin\", \"English uncountable nouns\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 3 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for gender in Swedish entries\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Armenian translations\", \"Terms with Asturian translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Galician translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Interlingua translations\", \"Terms with Irish translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Lithuanian translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Welsh translations\", \"en:Diacritical marks\", \"en:Figures of speech\", \"en:Punctuation marks\", \"en:Talking\", \"en:Typography\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"apostrophic\"}, {\"word\": \"apostrophically\"}, {\"word\": \"apostrophize\"}], \"etymology_number\": 2, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"la\", \"3\": \"apostrophe\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin apostrophe\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"grc\", \"3\": \"ἀποστροφή\"}, \"expansion\": \"Ancient Greek ἀποστροφή (apostrophḗ)\", \"name\": \"der\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Latin apostrophe, from Ancient Greek ἀποστροφή (apostrophḗ), from ἀποστρέφω (apostréphō, “I turn away”), from ἀπό (apó) + στρέφω (stréphō, “I turn”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"apostrophes\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"~\"}, \"expansion\": \"apostrophe (countable and uncountable, plural apostrophes)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"catastrophe\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"en:Rhetoric\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"[1835, L[arret] Langley, A Manual of the Figures of Rhetoric, […], Doncaster: Printed by C. White, Baxter-Gate, →OCLC, page 28:\", \"text\": \"Apostrophe a bold digression makes,\\nMov'd by some sudden thought the theme awakes.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1842, [anonymous collaborator of Letitia Elizabeth Landon], chapter XXXIV, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 139:\", \"text\": \"The warm apostrophe of Riccardini to this little representative of his parents, whom he called \\\"the son of his love, the child of his old age, the gift of his beloved niece, on the behalf of his angel-daughter,\\\" affected them all;...\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"A sudden exclamatory piece of dialogue addressed to someone or something, especially absent.\"], \"links\": [[\"rhetoric\", \"rhetoric\"], [\"exclamatory\", \"exclamatory\"], [\"dialogue\", \"dialogue\"], [\"addressed\", \"addressed\"], [\"absent\", \"absent\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(rhetoric) A sudden exclamatory piece of dialogue addressed to someone or something, especially absent.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:rhetoric\"], \"tags\": [\"countable\", \"rhetoric\", \"uncountable\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/əˈpɒs.tɹə.fi/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"audio\": \"LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-apostrophe.wav\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-apostrophe.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-apostrophe.wav.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-apostrophe.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-apostrophe.wav.ogg\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/əˈpɑs.tɹə.fi/\", \"tags\": [\"US\"]}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-apostrophe.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/75/En-us-apostrophe.ogg/En-us-apostrophe.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/En-us-apostrophe.ogg\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-au-apostrophe.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/46/En-au-apostrophe.ogg/En-au-apostrophe.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/En-au-apostrophe.ogg\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"iltifāt\", \"sense\": \"sudden piece of dialogue\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"اِلْتِفَات\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"apatʻarcʻ\", \"sense\": \"sudden piece of dialogue\", \"word\": \"ապաթարց\"}, {\"code\": \"ast\", \"lang\": \"Asturian\", \"sense\": \"sudden piece of dialogue\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"apóstrofe\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"apostrof\", \"sense\": \"sudden piece of dialogue\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"апостроф\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"sudden piece of dialogue\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"apòstrofe\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"sudden piece of dialogue\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"apostrofa\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"sudden piece of dialogue\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"apostrofe\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"sudden piece of dialogue\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"apostrof\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"sudden piece of dialogue\", \"word\": \"apostrofi\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"sudden piece of dialogue\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"apostrophe\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"sudden piece of dialogue\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"apóstrofe\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"sudden piece of dialogue\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"Apostrophe\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"apostrofí\", \"sense\": \"sudden piece of dialogue\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"αποστροφή\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"sudden piece of dialogue\", \"word\": \"apostrophe\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"sudden piece of dialogue\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"aitheasc\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"sudden piece of dialogue\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"apastróf\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"sudden piece of dialogue\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"apostropha\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"sudden piece of dialogue\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"apostrofa\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"apostrófa\", \"sense\": \"sudden piece of dialogue\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"апостро́фа\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"sudden piece of dialogue\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"apostrofa\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"sudden piece of dialogue\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"apóstrofe\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"sudden piece of dialogue\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"apostrof\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"sudden piece of dialogue\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"апо̀строфа\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"sudden piece of dialogue\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"apòstrofa\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"sudden piece of dialogue\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"apóstrofe\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"sudden piece of dialogue\", \"word\": \"apostrof\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"sudden piece of dialogue\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"cyfarchiad\"}], \"word\": \"apostrophe\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "apostrophe",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "apostrophe/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English nouns with unknown or uncertain plurals\", \"Pages with 3 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"en:Diacritical marks\", \"en:Figures of speech\", \"en:Punctuation marks\", \"en:Talking\", \"en:Typography\"], \"etymology_number\": 3, \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"?\"}, \"expansion\": \"apostrophe\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"en:Botany\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1905 September 8, Harold Wager, “On Some Problems of Cell Structure and Physiology”, in English Mechanics and the World of Science, volume 82, number 2111, page 105:\", \"text\": \"As is well known, chloroplast in the epistrophe position presents an oval or more or less circular form; in the apostrophe position a flattened and lenticular form.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"An arrangement of chlorophyll grains perpendicular to the outer surface of plant cells, as opposed to epostrophe (an arrangement on the outer surface).\"], \"links\": [[\"botany\", \"botany\"], [\"chlorophyll\", \"chlorophyll\"], [\"perpendicular\", \"perpendicular\"], [\"outer\", \"outer\"], [\"surface\", \"surface\"], [\"epostrophe\", \"epostrophe\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(botany) An arrangement of chlorophyll grains perpendicular to the outer surface of plant cells, as opposed to epostrophe (an arrangement on the outer surface).\"], \"topics\": [\"biology\", \"botany\", \"natural-sciences\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/əˈpɒs.tɹə.fi/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"audio\": \"LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-apostrophe.wav\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-apostrophe.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-apostrophe.wav.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-apostrophe.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-apostrophe.wav.ogg\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/əˈpɑs.tɹə.fi/\", \"tags\": [\"US\"]}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-apostrophe.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/75/En-us-apostrophe.ogg/En-us-apostrophe.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/En-us-apostrophe.ogg\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-au-apostrophe.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/46/En-au-apostrophe.ogg/En-au-apostrophe.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/En-au-apostrophe.ogg\"}], \"word\": \"apostrophe\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "apostrophe",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (e4a2c88 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.