See apostrofa in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":lbor",
"3": "grc:ἀποστροφή",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ep\nProto-Indo-European *-o\nProto-Indo-European *h₂epó\nProto-Hellenic *apó\nAncient Greek ᾰ̓πό (ăpó)\nAncient Greek ἀπο- (apo-)\nProto-Indo-European *strebʰ-der.\nAncient Greek στρέφω (stréphō)\nAncient Greek ἀποστρέφω (apostréphō)\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Hellenic *-ā́\nAncient Greek -ᾱ (-ā)\nAncient Greek -η (-ē)\nAncient Greek ἀποστροφή (apostrophḗ)lbor.\nPolish apostrofa\n[Appendix:Glossary#learned_borrowing|Learned borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂ep\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-o\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂epó\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*apó\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ᾰ̓πό\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ἀπο-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*strebʰ-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"στρέφω\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ἀποστρέφω\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"id\" : \"o-grade\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"o-grade\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*-ā́\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ᾱ\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-η\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ἀποστροφή\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"apostrofa\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"apostrofa\">\nLearned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀποστροφή (apostrophḗ).",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "apostrof"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of apostrof",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ep\nProto-Indo-European *-o\nProto-Indo-European *h₂epó\nProto-Hellenic *apó\nAncient Greek ᾰ̓πό (ăpó)\nAncient Greek ἀπο- (apo-)\nProto-Indo-European *strebʰ-der.\nAncient Greek στρέφω (stréphō)\nAncient Greek ἀποστρέφω (apostréphō)\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Hellenic *-ā́\nAncient Greek -ᾱ (-ā)\nAncient Greek -η (-ē)\nAncient Greek ἀποστροφή (apostrophḗ)lbor.\nPolish apostrofa\nLearned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀποστροφή (apostrophḗ). Doublet of apostrof.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "apostrofa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "apostrofy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "apostrofy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "apostrof",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "apostrofie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "apostrofom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "apostrofę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "apostrofy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "apostrofą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "apostrofami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "apostrofie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "apostrofach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "apostrofo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "apostrofy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "apostrofa f",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"a‧pos‧tro‧fa"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"a‧pos‧tro‧fa"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Figures of speech",
"orig": "pl:Figures of speech",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "apostroficzny"
},
{
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "apostroficznie"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "apostrofować"
}
],
"glosses": [
"apostrophe (sudden exclamatory piece of dialogue addressed to someone or something, especially absent)"
],
"id": "en-apostrofa-pl-noun-66j7rUx5",
"links": [
[
"rhetoric",
"rhetoric"
],
[
"apostrophe",
"apostrophe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rhetoric) apostrophe (sudden exclamatory piece of dialogue addressed to someone or something, especially absent)"
],
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "apostrof"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"rhetoric"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/a.pɔsˈtrɔ.fa/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔfa"
}
],
"word": "apostrofa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "apostroficzny"
},
{
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "apostroficznie"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "apostrofować"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":lbor",
"3": "grc:ἀποστροφή",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ep\nProto-Indo-European *-o\nProto-Indo-European *h₂epó\nProto-Hellenic *apó\nAncient Greek ᾰ̓πό (ăpó)\nAncient Greek ἀπο- (apo-)\nProto-Indo-European *strebʰ-der.\nAncient Greek στρέφω (stréphō)\nAncient Greek ἀποστρέφω (apostréphō)\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Hellenic *-ā́\nAncient Greek -ᾱ (-ā)\nAncient Greek -η (-ē)\nAncient Greek ἀποστροφή (apostrophḗ)lbor.\nPolish apostrofa\n[Appendix:Glossary#learned_borrowing|Learned borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂ep\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-o\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂epó\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*apó\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ᾰ̓πό\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ἀπο-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*strebʰ-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"στρέφω\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ἀποστρέφω\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"id\" : \"o-grade\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"o-grade\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*-ā́\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ᾱ\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-η\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ἀποστροφή\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"apostrofa\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"apostrofa\">\nLearned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀποστροφή (apostrophḗ).",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "apostrof"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of apostrof",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ep\nProto-Indo-European *-o\nProto-Indo-European *h₂epó\nProto-Hellenic *apó\nAncient Greek ᾰ̓πό (ăpó)\nAncient Greek ἀπο- (apo-)\nProto-Indo-European *strebʰ-der.\nAncient Greek στρέφω (stréphō)\nAncient Greek ἀποστρέφω (apostréphō)\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Hellenic *-ā́\nAncient Greek -ᾱ (-ā)\nAncient Greek -η (-ē)\nAncient Greek ἀποστροφή (apostrophḗ)lbor.\nPolish apostrofa\nLearned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀποστροφή (apostrophḗ). Doublet of apostrof.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "apostrofa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "apostrofy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "apostrofy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "apostrof",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "apostrofie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "apostrofom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "apostrofę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "apostrofy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "apostrofą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "apostrofami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "apostrofie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "apostrofach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "apostrofo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "apostrofy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "apostrofa f",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"a‧pos‧tro‧fa"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"a‧pos‧tro‧fa"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "apostrof"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Polish 4-syllable words",
"Polish doublets",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with etymon",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish learned borrowings from Ancient Greek",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms borrowed from Ancient Greek",
"Polish terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Hellenic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *strebʰ-",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₂epó",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔfa",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔfa/4 syllables",
"pl:Figures of speech"
],
"glosses": [
"apostrophe (sudden exclamatory piece of dialogue addressed to someone or something, especially absent)"
],
"links": [
[
"rhetoric",
"rhetoric"
],
[
"apostrophe",
"apostrophe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rhetoric) apostrophe (sudden exclamatory piece of dialogue addressed to someone or something, especially absent)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"rhetoric"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/a.pɔsˈtrɔ.fa/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔfa"
}
],
"word": "apostrofa"
}
Download raw JSONL data for apostrofa meaning in Polish (8.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.