See advocate in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for advocate meaning in English (37.0kB)
{ "derived": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0", "word": "advocate general" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0", "word": "angel's advocate" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0", "word": "devil's advocate" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0", "word": "judge advocate" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0", "word": "special education advocate" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*wekʷ-" }, "expansion": "", "name": "root" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "advocat" }, "expansion": "Middle English advocat", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "advoket" }, "expansion": "advoket", "name": "m" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "advocat" }, "expansion": "Old French advocat", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "advocātus" }, "expansion": "Latin advocātus", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "advoco", "3": "advocāre", "4": "to call for" }, "expansion": "advocāre (“to call for”)", "name": "m" }, { "args": { "1": "grc", "2": "παράκλητος" }, "expansion": "Ancient Greek παράκλητος (paráklētos)", "name": "noncog" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "paraclete" }, "expansion": "English paraclete", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "advoke", "3": "avouch", "4": "avow" }, "expansion": "Doublet of advoke, avouch, and avow", "name": "doublet" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle English advocat, advoket, from Old French advocat, from Latin advocātus (past participle of advocāre (“to call for”)), a calque of Ancient Greek παράκλητος (paráklētos) (whence English paraclete). Doublet of advoke, avouch, and avow.", "forms": [ { "form": "advocates", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "advocate (plural advocates)", "name": "en-noun" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "related": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "advocacy" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0", "word": "advocation" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0", "word": "advocator" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0", "word": "avocate" } ], "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "Someone whose job is to speak for someone's case in a court of law; a counsel." ], "id": "en-advocate-en-noun-COg4MRC0", "links": [ [ "counsel", "counsel" ] ], "translations": [ { "_dis1": "92 2 3 3", "code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "someone whose job is to speak for someone's case in a court of law", "word": "advokato" }, { "_dis1": "92 2 3 3", "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "someone whose job is to speak for someone's case in a court of law", "word": "asianajaja" }, { "_dis1": "92 2 3 3", "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "someone whose job is to speak for someone's case in a court of law", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "adwokat" }, { "_dis1": "92 2 3 3", "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "someone whose job is to speak for someone's case in a court of law", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "adwokatka" } ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "0 27 12 29 0 0 0 32 0", "kind": "topical", "langcode": "en", "name": "People", "orig": "en:People", "parents": [ "Human", "All topics", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "Anyone who argues the case of another; an intercessor." ], "id": "en-advocate-en-noun-Ua0bIP9J", "links": [ [ "intercessor", "intercessor" ] ], "translations": [ { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "word": "avokat" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "محامي" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "محامية" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "pʿastaban", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "word": "փաստաբան" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "iravaban", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "word": "իրավաբան" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "advakát", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "адвака́т" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "advokát", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "адвока́т" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "advokátka", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "адвока́тка" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "advocat" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "ce", "lang": "Chechen", "roman": "jurist", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "word": "юрист" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "crh", "lang": "Crimean Tatar", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "word": "advokat" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "obhájce" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "advokát" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "právník" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "právnička" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "common-gender" ], "word": "advokat" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "advocaat" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "advocate" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "verdediger" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "verdedigster" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "word": "advokato" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "word": "puolestapuhuja" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "avocat" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "avocate" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "avogado" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "avogada" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "advoḳaṭi", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "word": "ადვოკატი" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "Rechtsanwalt" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Rechtsanwältin" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "Verteidiger" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "synígoros", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "feminine", "masculine" ], "word": "συνήγορος" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "dikḗgoros", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "δικήγορος" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "pródikos", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "πρόδικος" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "sanegór", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "word": "סנגור" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "word": "advokato" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "word": "pengacara" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "word": "advokat" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "abhcóide" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "avvocato" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "avvocata" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "smar kdey", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "word": "ស្មាក្ដី" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "lld", "lang": "Ladin", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "word": "aucat" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "cognitor" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "advocātus" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "advokat", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "адвокат" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "ml", "lang": "Malayalam", "roman": "vakkīlŭ", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "word": "വക്കീല്" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "ml", "lang": "Malayalam", "roman": "abhibhāṣakanŭ", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "word": "അഭിഭാഷകന്" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "mt", "lang": "Maltese", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "avukat" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "mt", "lang": "Maltese", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "avukatessa" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "word": "kaitautoko" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "word": "oratour" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "adwokat" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "adwokatka" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "word": "obrońca" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "advogado" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "advogada" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "advokát", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "адвока́т" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zaščítnik", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "защи́тник" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zaščítnica", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "защи́тница" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "zagovornik" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "zagovornica" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "abogado" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "abogada" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "common-gender" ], "word": "advokat" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "word": "abogado" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "vakkīl", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "word": "வக்கீல்" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "txb", "lang": "Tocharian B", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "word": "weñmo" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "feminine", "masculine" ], "word": "lavogan" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "hilavogan" }, { "_dis1": "4 41 28 27", "code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "jilavogan" } ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "0 27 12 29 0 0 0 32 0", "kind": "topical", "langcode": "en", "name": "People", "orig": "en:People", "parents": [ "Human", "All topics", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "examples": [ { "ref": "9 Oct 2011, Alix Lee, The Guardian", "text": "He became a tireless advocate for the needs of adults with IMD throughout Britain and internationally.", "type": "quotation" } ], "glosses": [ "A person who speaks in support of something, or someone." ], "id": "en-advocate-en-noun-tfFlmgpP", "translations": [ { "_dis1": "5 10 54 31", "code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "word": "mbrojtës" }, { "_dis1": "5 10 54 31", "code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "word": "ناطق بلسان" }, { "_dis1": "5 10 54 31", "code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "word": "لسان حال" }, { "_dis1": "5 10 54 31", "code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "koġmnakicʿ", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "word": "կողմնակից" }, { "_dis1": "5 10 54 31", "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zaštitnik", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "word": "защитник" }, { "_dis1": "5 10 54 31", "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "poddrǎžnik", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "word": "поддръжник" }, { "_dis1": "5 10 54 31", "code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "tags": [ "common-gender" ], "word": "forkæmper" }, { "_dis1": "5 10 54 31", "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "word": "voorstander" }, { "_dis1": "5 10 54 31", "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "word": "verdediger" }, { "_dis1": "5 10 54 31", "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "word": "puolestapuhuja" }, { "_dis1": "5 10 54 31", "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "word": "asianajaja" }, { "_dis1": "5 10 54 31", "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "porte-parole" }, { "_dis1": "5 10 54 31", "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "Fürsprecher" }, { "_dis1": "5 10 54 31", "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "Anwalt" }, { "_dis1": "5 10 54 31", "code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "yperaspistís", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "υπερασπιστής" }, { "_dis1": "5 10 54 31", "code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "ypérmachos", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "tags": [ "feminine", "masculine" ], "word": "υπέρμαχος" }, { "_dis1": "5 10 54 31", "code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "ypostiriktís", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "υποστηρικτής" }, { "_dis1": "5 10 54 31", "code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "word": "advokato" }, { "_dis1": "5 10 54 31", "code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "word": "pembela" }, { "_dis1": "5 10 54 31", "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "sostenitore" }, { "_dis1": "5 10 54 31", "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "sostenitrice" }, { "_dis1": "5 10 54 31", "code": "mt", "lang": "Maltese", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "diffensur" }, { "_dis1": "5 10 54 31", "code": "mt", "lang": "Maltese", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "diffensura" }, { "_dis1": "5 10 54 31", "code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "word": "kaitautoko" }, { "_dis1": "5 10 54 31", "code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "word": "aumangea" }, { "_dis1": "5 10 54 31", "code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "word": "whakaihuwaka" }, { "_dis1": "5 10 54 31", "code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "word": "kaihāpai" }, { "_dis1": "5 10 54 31", "code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "word": "kaitaunaki" }, { "_dis1": "5 10 54 31", "code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "forkjemper" }, { "_dis1": "5 10 54 31", "code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "forkjempar" }, { "_dis1": "5 10 54 31", "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "adwokat" }, { "_dis1": "5 10 54 31", "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "adwokatka" }, { "_dis1": "5 10 54 31", "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "word": "representante" }, { "_dis1": "5 10 54 31", "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "word": "defensor" }, { "_dis1": "5 10 54 31", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "storónnik", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "сторо́нник" }, { "_dis1": "5 10 54 31", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "storónnica", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "сторо́нница" }, { "_dis1": "5 10 54 31", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "privérženec", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "приве́рженец" }, { "_dis1": "5 10 54 31", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "privérženka", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "приве́рженка" }, { "_dis1": "5 10 54 31", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zaščítnik", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "защи́тник" }, { "_dis1": "5 10 54 31", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zaščítnica", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "защи́тница" }, { "_dis1": "5 10 54 31", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "pobórnik", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "побо́рник" }, { "_dis1": "5 10 54 31", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "pobórnica", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "побо́рница" }, { "_dis1": "5 10 54 31", "code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "podpornik" }, { "_dis1": "5 10 54 31", "code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "podpornica" }, { "_dis1": "5 10 54 31", "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "word": "portavoz" }, { "_dis1": "5 10 54 31", "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "word": "representante" }, { "_dis1": "5 10 54 31", "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "word": "vocero" }, { "_dis1": "5 10 54 31", "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "word": "förespråkare" } ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "0 27 12 29 0 0 0 32 0", "kind": "topical", "langcode": "en", "name": "People", "orig": "en:People", "parents": [ "Human", "All topics", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "examples": [ { "text": "Since she started working with her advocate, she has become much more confident.", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "A person who supports others to make their voices heard, or ideally for them to speak up for themselves." ], "id": "en-advocate-en-noun-Xt7aeqVh", "translations": [ { "_dis1": "2 9 28 62", "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "person who supports others to make their voices heard", "word": "tukihenkilö" } ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈæd.və.kət/" } ], "word": "advocate" } { "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*wekʷ-" }, "expansion": "", "name": "root" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "advocat" }, "expansion": "Middle English advocat", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "advoket" }, "expansion": "advoket", "name": "m" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "advocat" }, "expansion": "Old French advocat", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "advocātus" }, "expansion": "Latin advocātus", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "advoco", "3": "advocāre", "4": "to call for" }, "expansion": "advocāre (“to call for”)", "name": "m" }, { "args": { "1": "grc", "2": "παράκλητος" }, "expansion": "Ancient Greek παράκλητος (paráklētos)", "name": "noncog" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "paraclete" }, "expansion": "English paraclete", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "advoke", "3": "avouch", "4": "avow" }, "expansion": "Doublet of advoke, avouch, and avow", "name": "doublet" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle English advocat, advoket, from Old French advocat, from Latin advocātus (past participle of advocāre (“to call for”)), a calque of Ancient Greek παράκλητος (paráklētos) (whence English paraclete). Doublet of advoke, avouch, and avow.", "forms": [ { "form": "advocates", "tags": [ "present", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "advocating", "tags": [ "participle", "present" ] }, { "form": "advocated", "tags": [ "participle", "past" ] }, { "form": "advocated", "tags": [ "past" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "advocate (third-person singular simple present advocates, present participle advocating, simple past and past participle advocated)", "name": "en-verb" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "related": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "advocacy" } ], "senses": [ { "categories": [], "examples": [ { "text": "7 March, 1624, Robert Sanderson, sermon at the Assizes, at Lincoln\nTo advocate the cause of thy client." }, { "text": "16 June, 1784, Edmund Burke, speech on reform of representation in the House of Commons\nThis is the only thing distinct and sensible, that has been advocated." } ], "glosses": [ "To plead in favour of; to defend by argument, before a tribunal or the public; to support, vindicate, or recommend publicly." ], "id": "en-advocate-en-verb-vCqmXfTM", "raw_glosses": [ "(transitive) To plead in favour of; to defend by argument, before a tribunal or the public; to support, vindicate, or recommend publicly." ], "tags": [ "transitive" ] }, { "categories": [], "examples": [ { "text": "I like trees, but I do not advocate living in them.", "type": "example" }, { "ref": "1960 December, B. Perren, “The role of the Great Central—present and future”, in Trains Illustrated, page 765", "text": "Those who have advocated the closure of the G.C. have so far failed to say by which alternative route this North-to-West traffic could be carried.", "type": "quotation" }, { "ref": "12 May 2019, Alex McLevy, “Westeros faces a disastrous final battle on the penultimate Game of Thrones (newbies)”, in The A.V. Club", "text": "Varys even leans on Jon to assume the Iron Throne, which means he very well knew he wasn’t going to be around much longer, if he’s openly advocating others commit treason as well.", "type": "quotation" }, { "ref": "March 8 2023, Howard Johnston, “Was Marples the real railway wrecker?”, in RAIL, number 978, page 50", "text": "Back in 1963, how could Beeching advocate closure of the electrified Liverpool-Southport commuter route, just because its books didn't balance? The busy North London line between Richmond and Broad Street was also for the axe, as was Leeds to Bradford and Ilkley.", "type": "quotation" } ], "glosses": [ "To encourage support for something." ], "id": "en-advocate-en-verb-Lliy5pnn", "links": [ [ "encourage", "encourage" ], [ "support", "support" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(transitive) To encourage support for something." ], "tags": [ "transitive" ], "translations": [ { "_dis1": "7 88 2 2 1", "code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "أوصى ب" }, { "_dis1": "7 88 2 2 1", "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zastǎpvam se za", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "застъпвам се за" }, { "_dis1": "7 88 2 2 1", "code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "advocar" }, { "_dis1": "7 88 2 2 1", "code": "gmw-cfr", "lang": "Central Franconian", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "aabeveële" }, { "_dis1": "7 88 2 2 1", "code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "fortale" }, { "_dis1": "7 88 2 2 1", "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "aanbevelen" }, { "_dis1": "7 88 2 2 1", "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "kannattaa" }, { "_dis1": "7 88 2 2 1", "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "préconiser" }, { "_dis1": "7 88 2 2 1", "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "verteidigen" }, { "_dis1": "7 88 2 2 1", "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "plädieren" }, { "_dis1": "7 88 2 2 1", "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "difendere" }, { "_dis1": "7 88 2 2 1", "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "sostenere" }, { "_dis1": "7 88 2 2 1", "alt": "とく", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "toku", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "説く" }, { "_dis1": "7 88 2 2 1", "alt": "しじする", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "shiji suru", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "支持する" }, { "_dis1": "7 88 2 2 1", "code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "supersum" }, { "_dis1": "7 88 2 2 1", "code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "tautoko" }, { "_dis1": "7 88 2 2 1", "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "encourage support for", "tags": [ "imperfective" ], "word": "adwokatować" }, { "_dis1": "7 88 2 2 1", "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "advocar" }, { "_dis1": "7 88 2 2 1", "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "defender" }, { "_dis1": "7 88 2 2 1", "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "argumentar a favor" }, { "_dis1": "7 88 2 2 1", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "note": "выступа́ть (vystupátʹ) (за + accusative case)", "sense": "encourage support for" }, { "_dis1": "7 88 2 2 1", "code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "podpirati" }, { "_dis1": "7 88 2 2 1", "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "abogar" }, { "_dis1": "7 88 2 2 1", "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "förespråka" } ] }, { "categories": [], "examples": [ { "text": "We have been advocating for changes in immigration law.", "type": "example" }, { "ref": "June 3 2020, Christian Wolmar, “Unworkable policies cripple our beleaguered railway”, in Rail, page 51", "text": "And why has no one in the [rail] industry advocated for a universal requirement for face covering (even if it's just a scarf or old tea towel), [...].", "type": "quotation" } ], "glosses": [ "To engage in advocacy." ], "id": "en-advocate-en-verb-Z4zI-c2k", "raw_glosses": [ "(intransitive, with for) To engage in advocacy." ], "tags": [ "intransitive", "with for" ] }, { "categories": [ { "kind": "topical", "langcode": "en", "name": "Scots law", "orig": "en:Scots law", "parents": [ "Law", "Scotland", "Justice", "United Kingdom", "Society", "British Isles", "Europe", "All topics", "Islands", "Earth", "Eurasia", "Fundamental", "Places", "Nature", "Names", "Proper nouns", "Terms by semantic function", "Nouns", "Lemmas" ], "source": "w" }, { "_dis": "20 6 10 19 16 0 1 26 2", "kind": "topical", "langcode": "en", "name": "Law", "orig": "en:Law", "parents": [ "Justice", "Society", "All topics", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "0 27 12 29 0 0 0 32 0", "kind": "topical", "langcode": "en", "name": "People", "orig": "en:People", "parents": [ "Human", "All topics", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "To appeal from an inferior court to the Court of Session." ], "id": "en-advocate-en-verb-jV53gjVA", "links": [ [ "appeal", "appeal" ], [ "court", "court" ] ], "qualifier": "Scots law", "raw_glosses": [ "(Scots law) To appeal from an inferior court to the Court of Session." ] }, { "categories": [ { "kind": "topical", "langcode": "en", "name": "Scots law", "orig": "en:Scots law", "parents": [ "Law", "Scotland", "Justice", "United Kingdom", "Society", "British Isles", "Europe", "All topics", "Islands", "Earth", "Eurasia", "Fundamental", "Places", "Nature", "Names", "Proper nouns", "Terms by semantic function", "Nouns", "Lemmas" ], "source": "w" } ], "glosses": [ "To call a case before itself for decision." ], "id": "en-advocate-en-verb-s~HlHOha", "links": [ [ "case", "case" ], [ "decision", "decision" ] ], "qualifier": "Scots law", "raw_glosses": [ "(Scots law, in higher courts) To call a case before itself for decision." ], "tags": [ "in higher courts" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈæd.və.keɪt/" }, { "audio": "en-us-advocate-noun.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a2/En-us-advocate-noun.ogg/En-us-advocate-noun.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/En-us-advocate-noun.ogg", "tags": [ "US" ], "text": "Audio (US)" }, { "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Back ache-advocate.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-advocate.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-advocate.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-advocate.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-advocate.wav.ogg", "tags": [ "UK" ], "text": "Audio (UK)" }, { "audio": "en-us-advocate-verb.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/En-us-advocate-verb.ogg/En-us-advocate-verb.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/En-us-advocate-verb.ogg", "tags": [ "US" ], "text": "Audio (US)" }, { "enpr": "ăd'və-kət" }, { "enpr": "ăd'və-kāt" } ], "translations": [ { "_dis1": "28 14 14 31 13", "code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "argue for", "word": "حامى" }, { "_dis1": "28 14 14 31 13", "code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "argue for", "word": "رافع" }, { "_dis1": "28 14 14 31 13", "code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "argue for", "word": "ترافع" }, { "_dis1": "28 14 14 31 13", "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "argue for", "word": "倡導" }, { "_dis1": "28 14 14 31 13", "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "chàngdǎo", "sense": "argue for", "word": "倡导" }, { "_dis1": "28 14 14 31 13", "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "argue for", "word": "主張" }, { "_dis1": "28 14 14 31 13", "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zhǔzhāng", "sense": "argue for", "word": "主张" }, { "_dis1": "28 14 14 31 13", "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "tíchàng", "sense": "argue for", "word": "提倡" }, { "_dis1": "28 14 14 31 13", "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "gǔchuī", "sense": "argue for", "word": "鼓吹" }, { "_dis1": "28 14 14 31 13", "code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "argue for", "word": "kæmpe for" }, { "_dis1": "28 14 14 31 13", "code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "argue for", "word": "argumentere for" }, { "_dis1": "28 14 14 31 13", "code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "argue for", "word": "fortale" }, { "_dis1": "28 14 14 31 13", "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "argue for", "word": "bepleiten" }, { "_dis1": "28 14 14 31 13", "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "argue for", "word": "puolustaa" }, { "_dis1": "28 14 14 31 13", "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "argue for", "word": "puhua puolesta" }, { "_dis1": "28 14 14 31 13", "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "argue for", "word": "kannattaa" }, { "_dis1": "28 14 14 31 13", "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "argue for", "word": "plaider" }, { "_dis1": "28 14 14 31 13", "code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "argue for", "word": "defender" }, { "_dis1": "28 14 14 31 13", "code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "argue for", "word": "avogar" }, { "_dis1": "28 14 14 31 13", "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "argue for", "word": "verteidigen" }, { "_dis1": "28 14 14 31 13", "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "argue for", "word": "plädieren" }, { "_dis1": "28 14 14 31 13", "code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "argue for", "word": "rekomendar" }, { "_dis1": "28 14 14 31 13", "code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "argue for", "word": "pledar" }, { "_dis1": "28 14 14 31 13", "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "argue for", "word": "raccomandare" }, { "_dis1": "28 14 14 31 13", "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "argue for", "word": "promuovere" }, { "_dis1": "28 14 14 31 13", "alt": "とく", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "toku", "sense": "argue for", "word": "説く" }, { "_dis1": "28 14 14 31 13", "alt": "しゅちょうする", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "shuchō suru", "sense": "argue for", "word": "主張する" }, { "_dis1": "28 14 14 31 13", "code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "argue for", "word": "supersum" }, { "_dis1": "28 14 14 31 13", "code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "argue for", "word": "tūhana" }, { "_dis1": "28 14 14 31 13", "code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "argue for", "word": "tūwhana" }, { "_dis1": "28 14 14 31 13", "code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "argue for", "word": "hapahapai" }, { "_dis1": "28 14 14 31 13", "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "argue for", "tags": [ "imperfective" ], "word": "adwokatować" }, { "_dis1": "28 14 14 31 13", "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "argue for", "word": "defender" }, { "_dis1": "28 14 14 31 13", "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "argue for", "word": "advogar" }, { "_dis1": "28 14 14 31 13", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "otstáivatʹ", "sense": "argue for", "word": "отста́ивать" }, { "_dis1": "28 14 14 31 13", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "propagandírovatʹ", "sense": "argue for", "word": "пропаганди́ровать" }, { "_dis1": "28 14 14 31 13", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "vystupátʹ v zaščítu", "sense": "argue for", "tags": [ "with-genitive" ], "word": "выступа́ть в защи́ту" }, { "_dis1": "28 14 14 31 13", "code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "argue for", "word": "zagovarjati" }, { "_dis1": "28 14 14 31 13", "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "argue for", "word": "recomendar" }, { "_dis1": "28 14 14 31 13", "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "argue for", "word": "plädera" }, { "_dis1": "28 14 14 31 13", "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "argue for", "word": "förespråka" } ], "word": "advocate" }
{ "categories": [ "Requests for review of Indonesian translations", "Requests for review of Interlingua translations", "Requests for review of Norwegian translations", "en:Law", "en:People" ], "derived": [ { "word": "advocate general" }, { "word": "angel's advocate" }, { "word": "devil's advocate" }, { "word": "judge advocate" }, { "word": "special education advocate" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*wekʷ-" }, "expansion": "", "name": "root" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "advocat" }, "expansion": "Middle English advocat", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "advoket" }, "expansion": "advoket", "name": "m" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "advocat" }, "expansion": "Old French advocat", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "advocātus" }, "expansion": "Latin advocātus", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "advoco", "3": "advocāre", "4": "to call for" }, "expansion": "advocāre (“to call for”)", "name": "m" }, { "args": { "1": "grc", "2": "παράκλητος" }, "expansion": "Ancient Greek παράκλητος (paráklētos)", "name": "noncog" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "paraclete" }, "expansion": "English paraclete", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "advoke", "3": "avouch", "4": "avow" }, "expansion": "Doublet of advoke, avouch, and avow", "name": "doublet" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle English advocat, advoket, from Old French advocat, from Latin advocātus (past participle of advocāre (“to call for”)), a calque of Ancient Greek παράκλητος (paráklētos) (whence English paraclete). Doublet of advoke, avouch, and avow.", "forms": [ { "form": "advocates", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "advocate (plural advocates)", "name": "en-noun" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "related": [ { "word": "advocacy" }, { "word": "advocation" }, { "word": "advocator" }, { "word": "avocate" } ], "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "Someone whose job is to speak for someone's case in a court of law; a counsel." ], "links": [ [ "counsel", "counsel" ] ] }, { "glosses": [ "Anyone who argues the case of another; an intercessor." ], "links": [ [ "intercessor", "intercessor" ] ] }, { "categories": [ "English terms with quotations" ], "examples": [ { "ref": "9 Oct 2011, Alix Lee, The Guardian", "text": "He became a tireless advocate for the needs of adults with IMD throughout Britain and internationally.", "type": "quotation" } ], "glosses": [ "A person who speaks in support of something, or someone." ] }, { "categories": [ "English terms with usage examples" ], "examples": [ { "text": "Since she started working with her advocate, she has become much more confident.", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "A person who supports others to make their voices heard, or ideally for them to speak up for themselves." ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈæd.və.kət/" } ], "translations": [ { "code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "someone whose job is to speak for someone's case in a court of law", "word": "advokato" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "someone whose job is to speak for someone's case in a court of law", "word": "asianajaja" }, { "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "someone whose job is to speak for someone's case in a court of law", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "adwokat" }, { "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "someone whose job is to speak for someone's case in a court of law", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "adwokatka" }, { "code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "word": "avokat" }, { "code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "محامي" }, { "code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "محامية" }, { "code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "pʿastaban", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "word": "փաստաբան" }, { "code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "iravaban", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "word": "իրավաբան" }, { "code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "advakát", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "адвака́т" }, { "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "advokát", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "адвока́т" }, { "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "advokátka", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "адвока́тка" }, { "code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "advocat" }, { "code": "ce", "lang": "Chechen", "roman": "jurist", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "word": "юрист" }, { "code": "crh", "lang": "Crimean Tatar", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "word": "advokat" }, { "code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "obhájce" }, { "code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "advokát" }, { "code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "právník" }, { "code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "právnička" }, { "code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "common-gender" ], "word": "advokat" }, { "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "advocaat" }, { "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "advocate" }, { "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "verdediger" }, { "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "verdedigster" }, { "code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "word": "advokato" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "word": "puolestapuhuja" }, { "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "avocat" }, { "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "avocate" }, { "code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "avogado" }, { "code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "avogada" }, { "code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "advoḳaṭi", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "word": "ადვოკატი" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "Rechtsanwalt" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Rechtsanwältin" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "Verteidiger" }, { "code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "synígoros", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "feminine", "masculine" ], "word": "συνήγορος" }, { "code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "dikḗgoros", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "δικήγορος" }, { "code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "pródikos", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "πρόδικος" }, { "code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "sanegór", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "word": "סנגור" }, { "code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "word": "advokato" }, { "code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "word": "pengacara" }, { "code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "word": "advokat" }, { "code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "abhcóide" }, { "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "avvocato" }, { "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "avvocata" }, { "code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "smar kdey", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "word": "ស្មាក្ដី" }, { "code": "lld", "lang": "Ladin", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "word": "aucat" }, { "code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "cognitor" }, { "code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "advocātus" }, { "code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "advokat", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "адвокат" }, { "code": "ml", "lang": "Malayalam", "roman": "vakkīlŭ", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "word": "വക്കീല്" }, { "code": "ml", "lang": "Malayalam", "roman": "abhibhāṣakanŭ", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "word": "അഭിഭാഷകന്" }, { "code": "mt", "lang": "Maltese", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "avukat" }, { "code": "mt", "lang": "Maltese", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "avukatessa" }, { "code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "word": "kaitautoko" }, { "code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "word": "oratour" }, { "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "adwokat" }, { "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "adwokatka" }, { "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "word": "obrońca" }, { "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "advogado" }, { "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "advogada" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "advokát", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "адвока́т" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zaščítnik", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "защи́тник" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zaščítnica", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "защи́тница" }, { "code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "zagovornik" }, { "code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "zagovornica" }, { "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "abogado" }, { "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "abogada" }, { "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "common-gender" ], "word": "advokat" }, { "code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "word": "abogado" }, { "code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "vakkīl", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "word": "வக்கீல்" }, { "code": "txb", "lang": "Tocharian B", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "word": "weñmo" }, { "code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "feminine", "masculine" ], "word": "lavogan" }, { "code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "hilavogan" }, { "code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "person who argues the case of another", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "jilavogan" }, { "code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "word": "mbrojtës" }, { "code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "word": "ناطق بلسان" }, { "code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "word": "لسان حال" }, { "code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "koġmnakicʿ", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "word": "կողմնակից" }, { "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zaštitnik", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "word": "защитник" }, { "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "poddrǎžnik", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "word": "поддръжник" }, { "code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "tags": [ "common-gender" ], "word": "forkæmper" }, { "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "word": "voorstander" }, { "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "word": "verdediger" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "word": "puolestapuhuja" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "word": "asianajaja" }, { "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "porte-parole" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "Fürsprecher" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "Anwalt" }, { "code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "yperaspistís", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "υπερασπιστής" }, { "code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "ypérmachos", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "tags": [ "feminine", "masculine" ], "word": "υπέρμαχος" }, { "code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "ypostiriktís", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "υποστηρικτής" }, { "code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "word": "advokato" }, { "code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "word": "pembela" }, { "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "sostenitore" }, { "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "sostenitrice" }, { "code": "mt", "lang": "Maltese", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "diffensur" }, { "code": "mt", "lang": "Maltese", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "diffensura" }, { "code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "word": "kaitautoko" }, { "code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "word": "aumangea" }, { "code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "word": "whakaihuwaka" }, { "code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "word": "kaihāpai" }, { "code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "word": "kaitaunaki" }, { "code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "forkjemper" }, { "code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "forkjempar" }, { "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "adwokat" }, { "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "adwokatka" }, { "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "word": "representante" }, { "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "word": "defensor" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "storónnik", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "сторо́нник" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "storónnica", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "сторо́нница" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "privérženec", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "приве́рженец" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "privérženka", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "приве́рженка" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zaščítnik", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "защи́тник" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zaščítnica", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "защи́тница" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "pobórnik", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "побо́рник" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "pobórnica", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "побо́рница" }, { "code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "podpornik" }, { "code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "podpornica" }, { "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "word": "portavoz" }, { "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "word": "representante" }, { "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "word": "vocero" }, { "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "person who speaks in support of something", "word": "förespråkare" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "person who supports others to make their voices heard", "word": "tukihenkilö" } ], "word": "advocate" } { "categories": [ "Requests for review of Indonesian translations", "Requests for review of Interlingua translations", "Requests for review of Norwegian translations", "en:Law", "en:People" ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*wekʷ-" }, "expansion": "", "name": "root" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "advocat" }, "expansion": "Middle English advocat", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "advoket" }, "expansion": "advoket", "name": "m" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "advocat" }, "expansion": "Old French advocat", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "advocātus" }, "expansion": "Latin advocātus", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "advoco", "3": "advocāre", "4": "to call for" }, "expansion": "advocāre (“to call for”)", "name": "m" }, { "args": { "1": "grc", "2": "παράκλητος" }, "expansion": "Ancient Greek παράκλητος (paráklētos)", "name": "noncog" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "paraclete" }, "expansion": "English paraclete", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "advoke", "3": "avouch", "4": "avow" }, "expansion": "Doublet of advoke, avouch, and avow", "name": "doublet" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle English advocat, advoket, from Old French advocat, from Latin advocātus (past participle of advocāre (“to call for”)), a calque of Ancient Greek παράκλητος (paráklētos) (whence English paraclete). Doublet of advoke, avouch, and avow.", "forms": [ { "form": "advocates", "tags": [ "present", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "advocating", "tags": [ "participle", "present" ] }, { "form": "advocated", "tags": [ "participle", "past" ] }, { "form": "advocated", "tags": [ "past" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "advocate (third-person singular simple present advocates, present participle advocating, simple past and past participle advocated)", "name": "en-verb" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "related": [ { "word": "advocacy" } ], "senses": [ { "categories": [ "English transitive verbs" ], "examples": [ { "text": "7 March, 1624, Robert Sanderson, sermon at the Assizes, at Lincoln\nTo advocate the cause of thy client." }, { "text": "16 June, 1784, Edmund Burke, speech on reform of representation in the House of Commons\nThis is the only thing distinct and sensible, that has been advocated." } ], "glosses": [ "To plead in favour of; to defend by argument, before a tribunal or the public; to support, vindicate, or recommend publicly." ], "raw_glosses": [ "(transitive) To plead in favour of; to defend by argument, before a tribunal or the public; to support, vindicate, or recommend publicly." ], "tags": [ "transitive" ] }, { "categories": [ "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs" ], "examples": [ { "text": "I like trees, but I do not advocate living in them.", "type": "example" }, { "ref": "1960 December, B. Perren, “The role of the Great Central—present and future”, in Trains Illustrated, page 765", "text": "Those who have advocated the closure of the G.C. have so far failed to say by which alternative route this North-to-West traffic could be carried.", "type": "quotation" }, { "ref": "12 May 2019, Alex McLevy, “Westeros faces a disastrous final battle on the penultimate Game of Thrones (newbies)”, in The A.V. Club", "text": "Varys even leans on Jon to assume the Iron Throne, which means he very well knew he wasn’t going to be around much longer, if he’s openly advocating others commit treason as well.", "type": "quotation" }, { "ref": "March 8 2023, Howard Johnston, “Was Marples the real railway wrecker?”, in RAIL, number 978, page 50", "text": "Back in 1963, how could Beeching advocate closure of the electrified Liverpool-Southport commuter route, just because its books didn't balance? The busy North London line between Richmond and Broad Street was also for the axe, as was Leeds to Bradford and Ilkley.", "type": "quotation" } ], "glosses": [ "To encourage support for something." ], "links": [ [ "encourage", "encourage" ], [ "support", "support" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(transitive) To encourage support for something." ], "tags": [ "transitive" ] }, { "categories": [ "English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples" ], "examples": [ { "text": "We have been advocating for changes in immigration law.", "type": "example" }, { "ref": "June 3 2020, Christian Wolmar, “Unworkable policies cripple our beleaguered railway”, in Rail, page 51", "text": "And why has no one in the [rail] industry advocated for a universal requirement for face covering (even if it's just a scarf or old tea towel), [...].", "type": "quotation" } ], "glosses": [ "To engage in advocacy." ], "raw_glosses": [ "(intransitive, with for) To engage in advocacy." ], "tags": [ "intransitive", "with for" ] }, { "categories": [ "en:Scots law" ], "glosses": [ "To appeal from an inferior court to the Court of Session." ], "links": [ [ "appeal", "appeal" ], [ "court", "court" ] ], "qualifier": "Scots law", "raw_glosses": [ "(Scots law) To appeal from an inferior court to the Court of Session." ] }, { "categories": [ "en:Scots law" ], "glosses": [ "To call a case before itself for decision." ], "links": [ [ "case", "case" ], [ "decision", "decision" ] ], "qualifier": "Scots law", "raw_glosses": [ "(Scots law, in higher courts) To call a case before itself for decision." ], "tags": [ "in higher courts" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈæd.və.keɪt/" }, { "audio": "en-us-advocate-noun.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a2/En-us-advocate-noun.ogg/En-us-advocate-noun.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/En-us-advocate-noun.ogg", "tags": [ "US" ], "text": "Audio (US)" }, { "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Back ache-advocate.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-advocate.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-advocate.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-advocate.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-advocate.wav.ogg", "tags": [ "UK" ], "text": "Audio (UK)" }, { "audio": "en-us-advocate-verb.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/En-us-advocate-verb.ogg/En-us-advocate-verb.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/En-us-advocate-verb.ogg", "tags": [ "US" ], "text": "Audio (US)" }, { "enpr": "ăd'və-kət" }, { "enpr": "ăd'və-kāt" } ], "translations": [ { "code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "argue for", "word": "حامى" }, { "code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "argue for", "word": "رافع" }, { "code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "argue for", "word": "ترافع" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "argue for", "word": "倡導" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "chàngdǎo", "sense": "argue for", "word": "倡导" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "argue for", "word": "主張" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zhǔzhāng", "sense": "argue for", "word": "主张" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "tíchàng", "sense": "argue for", "word": "提倡" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "gǔchuī", "sense": "argue for", "word": "鼓吹" }, { "code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "argue for", "word": "kæmpe for" }, { "code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "argue for", "word": "argumentere for" }, { "code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "argue for", "word": "fortale" }, { "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "argue for", "word": "bepleiten" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "argue for", "word": "puolustaa" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "argue for", "word": "puhua puolesta" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "argue for", "word": "kannattaa" }, { "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "argue for", "word": "plaider" }, { "code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "argue for", "word": "defender" }, { "code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "argue for", "word": "avogar" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "argue for", "word": "verteidigen" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "argue for", "word": "plädieren" }, { "code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "argue for", "word": "rekomendar" }, { "code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "argue for", "word": "pledar" }, { "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "argue for", "word": "raccomandare" }, { "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "argue for", "word": "promuovere" }, { "alt": "とく", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "toku", "sense": "argue for", "word": "説く" }, { "alt": "しゅちょうする", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "shuchō suru", "sense": "argue for", "word": "主張する" }, { "code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "argue for", "word": "supersum" }, { "code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "argue for", "word": "tūhana" }, { "code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "argue for", "word": "tūwhana" }, { "code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "argue for", "word": "hapahapai" }, { "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "argue for", "tags": [ "imperfective" ], "word": "adwokatować" }, { "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "argue for", "word": "defender" }, { "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "argue for", "word": "advogar" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "otstáivatʹ", "sense": "argue for", "word": "отста́ивать" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "propagandírovatʹ", "sense": "argue for", "word": "пропаганди́ровать" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "vystupátʹ v zaščítu", "sense": "argue for", "tags": [ "with-genitive" ], "word": "выступа́ть в защи́ту" }, { "code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "argue for", "word": "zagovarjati" }, { "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "argue for", "word": "recomendar" }, { "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "argue for", "word": "plädera" }, { "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "argue for", "word": "förespråka" }, { "code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "أوصى ب" }, { "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zastǎpvam se za", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "застъпвам се за" }, { "code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "advocar" }, { "code": "gmw-cfr", "lang": "Central Franconian", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "aabeveële" }, { "code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "fortale" }, { "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "aanbevelen" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "kannattaa" }, { "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "préconiser" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "verteidigen" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "plädieren" }, { "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "difendere" }, { "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "sostenere" }, { "alt": "とく", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "toku", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "説く" }, { "alt": "しじする", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "shiji suru", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "支持する" }, { "code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "supersum" }, { "code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "tautoko" }, { "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "encourage support for", "tags": [ "imperfective" ], "word": "adwokatować" }, { "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "advocar" }, { "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "defender" }, { "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "argumentar a favor" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "note": "выступа́ть (vystupátʹ) (за + accusative case)", "sense": "encourage support for" }, { "code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "podpirati" }, { "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "abogar" }, { "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "encourage support for", "word": "förespråka" } ], "word": "advocate" }
{ "called_from": "XYZunsorted", "msg": "advocate/English/noun: 'expansion' should contain a non-empty string: {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*wek\\u02b7-\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}: {\"categories\": [\"Requests for review of Indonesian translations\", \"Requests for review of Interlingua translations\", \"Requests for review of Norwegian translations\", \"en:Law\", \"en:People\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"advocate general\"}, {\"word\": \"angel's advocate\"}, {\"word\": \"devil's advocate\"}, {\"word\": \"judge advocate\"}, {\"word\": \"special education advocate\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*wek\\u02b7-\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"advocat\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English advocat\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"advoket\"}, \"expansion\": \"advoket\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"fro\", \"3\": \"advocat\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old French advocat\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"la\", \"3\": \"advoc\\u0101tus\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin advoc\\u0101tus\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"advoco\", \"3\": \"advoc\\u0101re\", \"4\": \"to call for\"}, \"expansion\": \"advoc\\u0101re (\\u201cto call for\\u201d)\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"grc\", \"2\": \"\\u03c0\\u03b1\\u03c1\\u03ac\\u03ba\\u03bb\\u03b7\\u03c4\\u03bf\\u03c2\"}, \"expansion\": \"Ancient Greek \\u03c0\\u03b1\\u03c1\\u03ac\\u03ba\\u03bb\\u03b7\\u03c4\\u03bf\\u03c2 (par\\u00e1kl\\u0113tos)\", \"name\": \"noncog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"paraclete\"}, \"expansion\": \"English paraclete\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"advoke\", \"3\": \"avouch\", \"4\": \"avow\"}, \"expansion\": \"Doublet of advoke, avouch, and avow\", \"name\": \"doublet\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English advocat, advoket, from Old French advocat, from Latin advoc\\u0101tus (past participle of advoc\\u0101re (\\u201cto call for\\u201d)), a calque of Ancient Greek \\u03c0\\u03b1\\u03c1\\u03ac\\u03ba\\u03bb\\u03b7\\u03c4\\u03bf\\u03c2 (par\\u00e1kl\\u0113tos) (whence English paraclete). Doublet of advoke, avouch, and avow.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"advocates\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"advocate (plural advocates)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"advocacy\"}, {\"word\": \"advocation\"}, {\"word\": \"advocator\"}, {\"word\": \"avocate\"}], \"senses\": [{\"glosses\": [\"Someone whose job is to speak for someone's case in a court of law; a counsel.\"], \"links\": [[\"counsel\", \"counsel\"]]}, {\"glosses\": [\"Anyone who argues the case of another; an intercessor.\"], \"links\": [[\"intercessor\", \"intercessor\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"9 Oct 2011, Alix Lee, The Guardian\", \"text\": \"He became a tireless advocate for the needs of adults with IMD throughout Britain and internationally.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"A person who speaks in support of something, or someone.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Since she started working with her advocate, she has become much more confident.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"A person who supports others to make their voices heard, or ideally for them to speak up for themselves.\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/\\u02c8\\u00e6d.v\\u0259.k\\u0259t/\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"someone whose job is to speak for someone's case in a court of law\", \"word\": \"advokato\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"someone whose job is to speak for someone's case in a court of law\", \"word\": \"asianajaja\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"someone whose job is to speak for someone's case in a court of law\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"adwokat\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"someone whose job is to speak for someone's case in a court of law\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"adwokatka\"}, {\"code\": \"sq\", \"lang\": \"Albanian\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"word\": \"avokat\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"\\u2067\\u0645\\u062d\\u0627\\u0645\\u064a\\u2069\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"\\u2067\\u0645\\u062d\\u0627\\u0645\\u064a\\u0629\\u2069\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"p\\u02bfastaban\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"word\": \"\\u0583\\u0561\\u057d\\u057f\\u0561\\u0562\\u0561\\u0576\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"iravaban\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"word\": \"\\u056b\\u0580\\u0561\\u057e\\u0561\\u0562\\u0561\\u0576\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"advak\\u00e1t\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"\\u0430\\u0434\\u0432\\u0430\\u043a\\u0430\\u0301\\u0442\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"advok\\u00e1t\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"\\u0430\\u0434\\u0432\\u043e\\u043a\\u0430\\u0301\\u0442\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"advok\\u00e1tka\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"\\u0430\\u0434\\u0432\\u043e\\u043a\\u0430\\u0301\\u0442\\u043a\\u0430\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"advocat\"}, {\"code\": \"ce\", \"lang\": \"Chechen\", \"roman\": \"jurist\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"word\": \"\\u044e\\u0440\\u0438\\u0441\\u0442\"}, {\"code\": \"crh\", \"lang\": \"Crimean Tatar\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"word\": \"advokat\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"obh\\u00e1jce\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"advok\\u00e1t\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"pr\\u00e1vn\\u00edk\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"pr\\u00e1vni\\u010dka\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"advokat\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"advocaat\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"advocate\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"verdediger\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"verdedigster\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"word\": \"advokato\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"word\": \"puolestapuhuja\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"avocat\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"avocate\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"avogado\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"avogada\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"advo\\u1e33a\\u1e6di\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"word\": \"\\u10d0\\u10d3\\u10d5\\u10dd\\u10d9\\u10d0\\u10e2\\u10d8\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"Rechtsanwalt\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"Rechtsanw\\u00e4ltin\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"Verteidiger\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"syn\\u00edgoros\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"\\u03c3\\u03c5\\u03bd\\u03ae\\u03b3\\u03bf\\u03c1\\u03bf\\u03c2\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"dik\\u1e17goros\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"\\u03b4\\u03b9\\u03ba\\u03ae\\u03b3\\u03bf\\u03c1\\u03bf\\u03c2\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"pr\\u00f3dikos\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"\\u03c0\\u03c1\\u03cc\\u03b4\\u03b9\\u03ba\\u03bf\\u03c2\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"saneg\\u00f3r\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"word\": \"\\u2067\\u05e1\\u05e0\\u05d2\\u05d5\\u05e8\\u2069\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"word\": \"advokato\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"word\": \"pengacara\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"word\": \"advokat\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"abhc\\u00f3ide\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"avvocato\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"avvocata\"}, {\"code\": \"km\", \"lang\": \"Khmer\", \"roman\": \"smar kdey\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"word\": \"\\u179f\\u17d2\\u1798\\u17b6\\u1780\\u17d2\\u178a\\u17b8\"}, {\"code\": \"lld\", \"lang\": \"Ladin\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"word\": \"aucat\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"cognitor\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"advoc\\u0101tus\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"advokat\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"\\u0430\\u0434\\u0432\\u043e\\u043a\\u0430\\u0442\"}, {\"code\": \"ml\", \"lang\": \"Malayalam\", \"roman\": \"vakk\\u012bl\\u016d\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"word\": \"\\u0d35\\u0d15\\u0d4d\\u0d15\\u0d40\\u0d32\\u0d4d\"}, {\"code\": \"ml\", \"lang\": \"Malayalam\", \"roman\": \"abhibh\\u0101\\u1e63akan\\u016d\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"word\": \"\\u0d05\\u0d2d\\u0d3f\\u0d2d\\u0d3e\\u0d37\\u0d15\\u0d28\\u0d4d\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"avukat\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"avukatessa\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"word\": \"kaitautoko\"}, {\"code\": \"enm\", \"lang\": \"Middle English\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"word\": \"oratour\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"adwokat\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"adwokatka\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"word\": \"obro\\u0144ca\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"advogado\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"advogada\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"advok\\u00e1t\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"\\u0430\\u0434\\u0432\\u043e\\u043a\\u0430\\u0301\\u0442\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"za\\u0161\\u010d\\u00edtnik\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"\\u0437\\u0430\\u0449\\u0438\\u0301\\u0442\\u043d\\u0438\\u043a\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"za\\u0161\\u010d\\u00edtnica\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"\\u0437\\u0430\\u0449\\u0438\\u0301\\u0442\\u043d\\u0438\\u0446\\u0430\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"zagovornik\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"zagovornica\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"abogado\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abogada\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"advokat\"}, {\"code\": \"tl\", \"lang\": \"Tagalog\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"word\": \"abogado\"}, {\"code\": \"ta\", \"lang\": \"Tamil\", \"roman\": \"vakk\\u012bl\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"word\": \"\\u0bb5\\u0b95\\u0bcd\\u0b95\\u0bc0\\u0bb2\\u0bcd\"}, {\"code\": \"txb\", \"lang\": \"Tocharian B\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"word\": \"we\\u00f1mo\"}, {\"code\": \"vo\", \"lang\": \"Volap\\u00fck\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"lavogan\"}, {\"code\": \"vo\", \"lang\": \"Volap\\u00fck\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"hilavogan\"}, {\"code\": \"vo\", \"lang\": \"Volap\\u00fck\", \"sense\": \"person who argues the case of another\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"jilavogan\"}, {\"code\": \"sq\", \"lang\": \"Albanian\", \"sense\": \"person who speaks in support of something\", \"word\": \"mbrojt\\u00ebs\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"sense\": \"person who speaks in support of something\", \"word\": \"\\u2067\\u0646\\u0627\\u0637\\u0642 \\u0628\\u0644\\u0633\\u0627\\u0646\\u2069\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"sense\": \"person who speaks in support of something\", \"word\": \"\\u2067\\u0644\\u0633\\u0627\\u0646 \\u062d\\u0627\\u0644\\u2069\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"ko\\u0121mnakic\\u02bf\", \"sense\": \"person who speaks in support of something\", \"word\": \"\\u056f\\u0578\\u0572\\u0574\\u0576\\u0561\\u056f\\u056b\\u0581\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"za\\u0161titnik\", \"sense\": \"person who speaks in support of something\", \"word\": \"\\u0437\\u0430\\u0449\\u0438\\u0442\\u043d\\u0438\\u043a\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"poddr\\u01ce\\u017enik\", \"sense\": \"person who speaks in support of something\", \"word\": \"\\u043f\\u043e\\u0434\\u0434\\u0440\\u044a\\u0436\\u043d\\u0438\\u043a\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"person who speaks in support of something\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"fork\\u00e6mper\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"person who speaks in support of something\", \"word\": \"voorstander\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"person who speaks in support of something\", \"word\": \"verdediger\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"person who speaks in support of something\", \"word\": \"puolestapuhuja\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"person who speaks in support of something\", \"word\": \"asianajaja\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"person who speaks in support of something\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"porte-parole\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"person who speaks in support of something\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"F\\u00fcrsprecher\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"person who speaks in support of something\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"Anwalt\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"yperaspist\\u00eds\", \"sense\": \"person who speaks in support of something\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"\\u03c5\\u03c0\\u03b5\\u03c1\\u03b1\\u03c3\\u03c0\\u03b9\\u03c3\\u03c4\\u03ae\\u03c2\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"yp\\u00e9rmachos\", \"sense\": \"person who speaks in support of something\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"\\u03c5\\u03c0\\u03ad\\u03c1\\u03bc\\u03b1\\u03c7\\u03bf\\u03c2\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"ypostirikt\\u00eds\", \"sense\": \"person who speaks in support of something\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"\\u03c5\\u03c0\\u03bf\\u03c3\\u03c4\\u03b7\\u03c1\\u03b9\\u03ba\\u03c4\\u03ae\\u03c2\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"person who speaks in support of something\", \"word\": \"advokato\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"person who speaks in support of something\", \"word\": \"pembela\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"person who speaks in support of something\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"sostenitore\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"person who speaks in support of something\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"sostenitrice\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"person who speaks in support of something\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"diffensur\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"person who speaks in support of something\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"diffensura\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"person who speaks in support of something\", \"word\": \"kaitautoko\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"person who speaks in support of something\", \"word\": \"aumangea\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"person who speaks in support of something\", \"word\": \"whakaihuwaka\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"person who speaks in support of something\", \"word\": \"kaih\\u0101pai\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"person who speaks in support of something\", \"word\": \"kaitaunaki\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokm\\u00e5l\", \"sense\": \"person who speaks in support of something\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"forkjemper\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"person who speaks in support of something\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"forkjempar\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"person who speaks in support of something\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"adwokat\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"person who speaks in support of something\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"adwokatka\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"person who speaks in support of something\", \"word\": \"representante\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"person who speaks in support of something\", \"word\": \"defensor\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"stor\\u00f3nnik\", \"sense\": \"person who speaks in support of something\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u043e\\u0301\\u043d\\u043d\\u0438\\u043a\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"stor\\u00f3nnica\", \"sense\": \"person who speaks in support of something\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u043e\\u0301\\u043d\\u043d\\u0438\\u0446\\u0430\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"priv\\u00e9r\\u017eenec\", \"sense\": \"person who speaks in support of something\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"\\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u0432\\u0435\\u0301\\u0440\\u0436\\u0435\\u043d\\u0435\\u0446\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"priv\\u00e9r\\u017eenka\", \"sense\": \"person who speaks in support of something\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"\\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u0432\\u0435\\u0301\\u0440\\u0436\\u0435\\u043d\\u043a\\u0430\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"za\\u0161\\u010d\\u00edtnik\", \"sense\": \"person who speaks in support of something\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"\\u0437\\u0430\\u0449\\u0438\\u0301\\u0442\\u043d\\u0438\\u043a\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"za\\u0161\\u010d\\u00edtnica\", \"sense\": \"person who speaks in support of something\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"\\u0437\\u0430\\u0449\\u0438\\u0301\\u0442\\u043d\\u0438\\u0446\\u0430\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"pob\\u00f3rnik\", \"sense\": \"person who speaks in support of something\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"\\u043f\\u043e\\u0431\\u043e\\u0301\\u0440\\u043d\\u0438\\u043a\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"pob\\u00f3rnica\", \"sense\": \"person who speaks in support of something\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"\\u043f\\u043e\\u0431\\u043e\\u0301\\u0440\\u043d\\u0438\\u0446\\u0430\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"person who speaks in support of something\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"podpornik\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"person who speaks in support of something\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"podpornica\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"person who speaks in support of something\", \"word\": \"portavoz\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"person who speaks in support of something\", \"word\": \"representante\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"person who speaks in support of something\", \"word\": \"vocero\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"person who speaks in support of something\", \"word\": \"f\\u00f6respr\\u00e5kare\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"person who supports others to make their voices heard\", \"word\": \"tukihenkil\\u00f6\"}], \"word\": \"advocate\"}", "path": [], "section": "English", "subsection": "noun", "title": "advocate", "trace": "" } { "called_from": "XYZunsorted", "msg": "advocate/English/verb: invalid tag 'with for' not in valid_tags (or uppercase_tags): {\"categories\": [\"Requests for review of Indonesian translations\", \"Requests for review of Interlingua translations\", \"Requests for review of Norwegian translations\", \"en:Law\", \"en:People\"], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*wek\\u02b7-\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"advocat\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English advocat\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"advoket\"}, \"expansion\": \"advoket\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"fro\", \"3\": \"advocat\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old French advocat\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"la\", \"3\": \"advoc\\u0101tus\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin advoc\\u0101tus\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"advoco\", \"3\": \"advoc\\u0101re\", \"4\": \"to call for\"}, \"expansion\": \"advoc\\u0101re (\\u201cto call for\\u201d)\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"grc\", \"2\": \"\\u03c0\\u03b1\\u03c1\\u03ac\\u03ba\\u03bb\\u03b7\\u03c4\\u03bf\\u03c2\"}, \"expansion\": \"Ancient Greek \\u03c0\\u03b1\\u03c1\\u03ac\\u03ba\\u03bb\\u03b7\\u03c4\\u03bf\\u03c2 (par\\u00e1kl\\u0113tos)\", \"name\": \"noncog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"paraclete\"}, \"expansion\": \"English paraclete\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"advoke\", \"3\": \"avouch\", \"4\": \"avow\"}, \"expansion\": \"Doublet of advoke, avouch, and avow\", \"name\": \"doublet\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English advocat, advoket, from Old French advocat, from Latin advoc\\u0101tus (past participle of advoc\\u0101re (\\u201cto call for\\u201d)), a calque of Ancient Greek \\u03c0\\u03b1\\u03c1\\u03ac\\u03ba\\u03bb\\u03b7\\u03c4\\u03bf\\u03c2 (par\\u00e1kl\\u0113tos) (whence English paraclete). Doublet of advoke, avouch, and avow.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"advocates\", \"tags\": [\"present\", \"singular\", \"third-person\"]}, {\"form\": \"advocating\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"present\"]}, {\"form\": \"advocated\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"advocated\", \"tags\": [\"past\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"advocate (third-person singular simple present advocates, present participle advocating, simple past and past participle advocated)\", \"name\": \"en-verb\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"verb\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"advocacy\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"7 March, 1624, Robert Sanderson, sermon at the Assizes, at Lincoln\\nTo advocate the cause of thy client.\"}, {\"text\": \"16 June, 1784, Edmund Burke, speech on reform of representation in the House of Commons\\nThis is the only thing distinct and sensible, that has been advocated.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To plead in favour of; to defend by argument, before a tribunal or the public; to support, vindicate, or recommend publicly.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To plead in favour of; to defend by argument, before a tribunal or the public; to support, vindicate, or recommend publicly.\"], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I like trees, but I do not advocate living in them.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1960 December, B. Perren, \\u201cThe role of the Great Central\\u2014present and future\\u201d, in Trains Illustrated, page 765\", \"text\": \"Those who have advocated the closure of the G.C. have so far failed to say by which alternative route this North-to-West traffic could be carried.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}, {\"ref\": \"12 May 2019, Alex McLevy, \\u201cWesteros faces a disastrous final battle on the penultimate Game of Thrones (newbies)\\u201d, in The A.V. Club\", \"text\": \"Varys even leans on Jon to assume the Iron Throne, which means he very well knew he wasn\\u2019t going to be around much longer, if he\\u2019s openly advocating others commit treason as well.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}, {\"ref\": \"March 8 2023, Howard Johnston, \\u201cWas Marples the real railway wrecker?\\u201d, in RAIL, number 978, page 50\", \"text\": \"Back in 1963, how could Beeching advocate closure of the electrified Liverpool-Southport commuter route, just because its books didn't balance? The busy North London line between Richmond and Broad Street was also for the axe, as was Leeds to Bradford and Ilkley.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To encourage support for something.\"], \"links\": [[\"encourage\", \"encourage\"], [\"support\", \"support\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To encourage support for something.\"], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English intransitive verbs\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"We have been advocating for changes in immigration law.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"June 3 2020, Christian Wolmar, \\u201cUnworkable policies cripple our beleaguered railway\\u201d, in Rail, page 51\", \"text\": \"And why has no one in the [rail] industry advocated for a universal requirement for face covering (even if it's just a scarf or old tea towel), [...].\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To engage in advocacy.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(intransitive, with for) To engage in advocacy.\"], \"tags\": [\"intransitive\", \"with for\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"en:Scots law\"], \"glosses\": [\"To appeal from an inferior court to the Court of Session.\"], \"links\": [[\"appeal\", \"appeal\"], [\"court\", \"court\"]], \"qualifier\": \"Scots law\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Scots law) To appeal from an inferior court to the Court of Session.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"en:Scots law\"], \"glosses\": [\"To call a case before itself for decision.\"], \"links\": [[\"case\", \"case\"], [\"decision\", \"decision\"]], \"qualifier\": \"Scots law\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Scots law, in higher courts) To call a case before itself for decision.\"], \"tags\": [\"in higher courts\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/\\u02c8\\u00e6d.v\\u0259.ke\\u026at/\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-advocate-noun.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a2/En-us-advocate-noun.ogg/En-us-advocate-noun.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/En-us-advocate-noun.ogg\", \"tags\": [\"US\"], \"text\": \"Audio (US)\"}, {\"audio\": \"LL-Q1860 (eng)-Back ache-advocate.wav\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-advocate.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-advocate.wav.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-advocate.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-advocate.wav.ogg\", \"tags\": [\"UK\"], \"text\": \"Audio (UK)\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-advocate-verb.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/En-us-advocate-verb.ogg/En-us-advocate-verb.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/En-us-advocate-verb.ogg\", \"tags\": [\"US\"], \"text\": \"Audio (US)\"}, {\"enpr\": \"\\u0103d'v\\u0259-k\\u0259t\"}, {\"enpr\": \"\\u0103d'v\\u0259-k\\u0101t\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"\\u2067\\u062d\\u0627\\u0645\\u0649\\u2069\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"\\u2067\\u0631\\u0627\\u0641\\u0639\\u2069\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"\\u2067\\u062a\\u0631\\u0627\\u0641\\u0639\\u2069\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"\\u5021\\u5c0e\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"ch\\u00e0ngd\\u01ceo\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"\\u5021\\u5bfc\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"\\u4e3b\\u5f35\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"zh\\u01d4zh\\u0101ng\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"\\u4e3b\\u5f20\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"t\\u00edch\\u00e0ng\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"\\u63d0\\u5021\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"g\\u01d4chu\\u012b\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"\\u9f13\\u5439\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"k\\u00e6mpe for\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"argumentere for\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"fortale\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"bepleiten\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"puolustaa\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"puhua puolesta\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"kannattaa\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"plaider\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"defender\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"avogar\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"verteidigen\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"pl\\u00e4dieren\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"rekomendar\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"pledar\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"raccomandare\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"promuovere\"}, {\"alt\": \"\\u3068\\u304f\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"toku\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"\\u8aac\\u304f\"}, {\"alt\": \"\\u3057\\u3085\\u3061\\u3087\\u3046\\u3059\\u308b\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"shuch\\u014d suru\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"\\u4e3b\\u5f35\\u3059\\u308b\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"supersum\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"t\\u016bhana\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"t\\u016bwhana\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"hapahapai\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"adwokatowa\\u0107\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"defender\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"advogar\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"otst\\u00e1ivat\\u02b9\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"\\u043e\\u0442\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u0301\\u0438\\u0432\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"propagand\\u00edrovat\\u02b9\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"\\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u043f\\u0430\\u0433\\u0430\\u043d\\u0434\\u0438\\u0301\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"vystup\\u00e1t\\u02b9 v za\\u0161\\u010d\\u00edtu\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"tags\": [\"with-genitive\"], \"word\": \"\\u0432\\u044b\\u0441\\u0442\\u0443\\u043f\\u0430\\u0301\\u0442\\u044c \\u0432 \\u0437\\u0430\\u0449\\u0438\\u0301\\u0442\\u0443\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"zagovarjati\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"recomendar\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"pl\\u00e4dera\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"f\\u00f6respr\\u00e5ka\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"\\u2067\\u0623\\u0648\\u0635\\u0649 \\u0628\\u2069\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"zast\\u01cepvam se za\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"\\u0437\\u0430\\u0441\\u0442\\u044a\\u043f\\u0432\\u0430\\u043c \\u0441\\u0435 \\u0437\\u0430\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"advocar\"}, {\"code\": \"gmw-cfr\", \"lang\": \"Central Franconian\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"aabeve\\u00eble\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"fortale\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"aanbevelen\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"kannattaa\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"pr\\u00e9coniser\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"verteidigen\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"pl\\u00e4dieren\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"difendere\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"sostenere\"}, {\"alt\": \"\\u3068\\u304f\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"toku\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"\\u8aac\\u304f\"}, {\"alt\": \"\\u3057\\u3058\\u3059\\u308b\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"shiji suru\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"\\u652f\\u6301\\u3059\\u308b\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"supersum\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"tautoko\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"adwokatowa\\u0107\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"advocar\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"defender\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"argumentar a favor\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"note\": \"\\u0432\\u044b\\u0441\\u0442\\u0443\\u043f\\u0430\\u0301\\u0442\\u044c (vystup\\u00e1t\\u02b9) (\\u0437\\u0430 + accusative case)\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"podpirati\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"abogar\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"f\\u00f6respr\\u00e5ka\"}], \"word\": \"advocate\"}", "path": [], "section": "English", "subsection": "verb", "title": "advocate", "trace": "" } { "called_from": "XYZunsorted", "msg": "advocate/English/verb: invalid tag 'in higher courts' not in valid_tags (or uppercase_tags): {\"categories\": [\"Requests for review of Indonesian translations\", \"Requests for review of Interlingua translations\", \"Requests for review of Norwegian translations\", \"en:Law\", \"en:People\"], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*wek\\u02b7-\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"advocat\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English advocat\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"advoket\"}, \"expansion\": \"advoket\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"fro\", \"3\": \"advocat\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old French advocat\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"la\", \"3\": \"advoc\\u0101tus\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin advoc\\u0101tus\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"advoco\", \"3\": \"advoc\\u0101re\", \"4\": \"to call for\"}, \"expansion\": \"advoc\\u0101re (\\u201cto call for\\u201d)\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"grc\", \"2\": \"\\u03c0\\u03b1\\u03c1\\u03ac\\u03ba\\u03bb\\u03b7\\u03c4\\u03bf\\u03c2\"}, \"expansion\": \"Ancient Greek \\u03c0\\u03b1\\u03c1\\u03ac\\u03ba\\u03bb\\u03b7\\u03c4\\u03bf\\u03c2 (par\\u00e1kl\\u0113tos)\", \"name\": \"noncog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"paraclete\"}, \"expansion\": \"English paraclete\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"advoke\", \"3\": \"avouch\", \"4\": \"avow\"}, \"expansion\": \"Doublet of advoke, avouch, and avow\", \"name\": \"doublet\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English advocat, advoket, from Old French advocat, from Latin advoc\\u0101tus (past participle of advoc\\u0101re (\\u201cto call for\\u201d)), a calque of Ancient Greek \\u03c0\\u03b1\\u03c1\\u03ac\\u03ba\\u03bb\\u03b7\\u03c4\\u03bf\\u03c2 (par\\u00e1kl\\u0113tos) (whence English paraclete). Doublet of advoke, avouch, and avow.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"advocates\", \"tags\": [\"present\", \"singular\", \"third-person\"]}, {\"form\": \"advocating\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"present\"]}, {\"form\": \"advocated\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"advocated\", \"tags\": [\"past\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"advocate (third-person singular simple present advocates, present participle advocating, simple past and past participle advocated)\", \"name\": \"en-verb\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"verb\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"advocacy\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"7 March, 1624, Robert Sanderson, sermon at the Assizes, at Lincoln\\nTo advocate the cause of thy client.\"}, {\"text\": \"16 June, 1784, Edmund Burke, speech on reform of representation in the House of Commons\\nThis is the only thing distinct and sensible, that has been advocated.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To plead in favour of; to defend by argument, before a tribunal or the public; to support, vindicate, or recommend publicly.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To plead in favour of; to defend by argument, before a tribunal or the public; to support, vindicate, or recommend publicly.\"], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I like trees, but I do not advocate living in them.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1960 December, B. Perren, \\u201cThe role of the Great Central\\u2014present and future\\u201d, in Trains Illustrated, page 765\", \"text\": \"Those who have advocated the closure of the G.C. have so far failed to say by which alternative route this North-to-West traffic could be carried.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}, {\"ref\": \"12 May 2019, Alex McLevy, \\u201cWesteros faces a disastrous final battle on the penultimate Game of Thrones (newbies)\\u201d, in The A.V. Club\", \"text\": \"Varys even leans on Jon to assume the Iron Throne, which means he very well knew he wasn\\u2019t going to be around much longer, if he\\u2019s openly advocating others commit treason as well.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}, {\"ref\": \"March 8 2023, Howard Johnston, \\u201cWas Marples the real railway wrecker?\\u201d, in RAIL, number 978, page 50\", \"text\": \"Back in 1963, how could Beeching advocate closure of the electrified Liverpool-Southport commuter route, just because its books didn't balance? The busy North London line between Richmond and Broad Street was also for the axe, as was Leeds to Bradford and Ilkley.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To encourage support for something.\"], \"links\": [[\"encourage\", \"encourage\"], [\"support\", \"support\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To encourage support for something.\"], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English intransitive verbs\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"We have been advocating for changes in immigration law.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"June 3 2020, Christian Wolmar, \\u201cUnworkable policies cripple our beleaguered railway\\u201d, in Rail, page 51\", \"text\": \"And why has no one in the [rail] industry advocated for a universal requirement for face covering (even if it's just a scarf or old tea towel), [...].\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To engage in advocacy.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(intransitive, with for) To engage in advocacy.\"], \"tags\": [\"intransitive\", \"with for\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"en:Scots law\"], \"glosses\": [\"To appeal from an inferior court to the Court of Session.\"], \"links\": [[\"appeal\", \"appeal\"], [\"court\", \"court\"]], \"qualifier\": \"Scots law\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Scots law) To appeal from an inferior court to the Court of Session.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"en:Scots law\"], \"glosses\": [\"To call a case before itself for decision.\"], \"links\": [[\"case\", \"case\"], [\"decision\", \"decision\"]], \"qualifier\": \"Scots law\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Scots law, in higher courts) To call a case before itself for decision.\"], \"tags\": [\"in higher courts\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/\\u02c8\\u00e6d.v\\u0259.ke\\u026at/\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-advocate-noun.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a2/En-us-advocate-noun.ogg/En-us-advocate-noun.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/En-us-advocate-noun.ogg\", \"tags\": [\"US\"], \"text\": \"Audio (US)\"}, {\"audio\": \"LL-Q1860 (eng)-Back ache-advocate.wav\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-advocate.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-advocate.wav.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-advocate.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-advocate.wav.ogg\", \"tags\": [\"UK\"], \"text\": \"Audio (UK)\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-advocate-verb.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/En-us-advocate-verb.ogg/En-us-advocate-verb.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/En-us-advocate-verb.ogg\", \"tags\": [\"US\"], \"text\": \"Audio (US)\"}, {\"enpr\": \"\\u0103d'v\\u0259-k\\u0259t\"}, {\"enpr\": \"\\u0103d'v\\u0259-k\\u0101t\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"\\u2067\\u062d\\u0627\\u0645\\u0649\\u2069\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"\\u2067\\u0631\\u0627\\u0641\\u0639\\u2069\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"\\u2067\\u062a\\u0631\\u0627\\u0641\\u0639\\u2069\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"\\u5021\\u5c0e\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"ch\\u00e0ngd\\u01ceo\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"\\u5021\\u5bfc\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"\\u4e3b\\u5f35\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"zh\\u01d4zh\\u0101ng\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"\\u4e3b\\u5f20\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"t\\u00edch\\u00e0ng\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"\\u63d0\\u5021\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"g\\u01d4chu\\u012b\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"\\u9f13\\u5439\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"k\\u00e6mpe for\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"argumentere for\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"fortale\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"bepleiten\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"puolustaa\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"puhua puolesta\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"kannattaa\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"plaider\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"defender\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"avogar\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"verteidigen\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"pl\\u00e4dieren\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"rekomendar\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"pledar\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"raccomandare\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"promuovere\"}, {\"alt\": \"\\u3068\\u304f\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"toku\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"\\u8aac\\u304f\"}, {\"alt\": \"\\u3057\\u3085\\u3061\\u3087\\u3046\\u3059\\u308b\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"shuch\\u014d suru\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"\\u4e3b\\u5f35\\u3059\\u308b\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"supersum\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"t\\u016bhana\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"t\\u016bwhana\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"hapahapai\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"adwokatowa\\u0107\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"defender\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"advogar\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"otst\\u00e1ivat\\u02b9\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"\\u043e\\u0442\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u0301\\u0438\\u0432\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"propagand\\u00edrovat\\u02b9\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"\\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u043f\\u0430\\u0433\\u0430\\u043d\\u0434\\u0438\\u0301\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"vystup\\u00e1t\\u02b9 v za\\u0161\\u010d\\u00edtu\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"tags\": [\"with-genitive\"], \"word\": \"\\u0432\\u044b\\u0441\\u0442\\u0443\\u043f\\u0430\\u0301\\u0442\\u044c \\u0432 \\u0437\\u0430\\u0449\\u0438\\u0301\\u0442\\u0443\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"zagovarjati\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"recomendar\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"pl\\u00e4dera\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"f\\u00f6respr\\u00e5ka\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"\\u2067\\u0623\\u0648\\u0635\\u0649 \\u0628\\u2069\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"zast\\u01cepvam se za\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"\\u0437\\u0430\\u0441\\u0442\\u044a\\u043f\\u0432\\u0430\\u043c \\u0441\\u0435 \\u0437\\u0430\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"advocar\"}, {\"code\": \"gmw-cfr\", \"lang\": \"Central Franconian\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"aabeve\\u00eble\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"fortale\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"aanbevelen\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"kannattaa\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"pr\\u00e9coniser\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"verteidigen\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"pl\\u00e4dieren\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"difendere\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"sostenere\"}, {\"alt\": \"\\u3068\\u304f\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"toku\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"\\u8aac\\u304f\"}, {\"alt\": \"\\u3057\\u3058\\u3059\\u308b\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"shiji suru\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"\\u652f\\u6301\\u3059\\u308b\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"supersum\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"tautoko\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"adwokatowa\\u0107\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"advocar\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"defender\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"argumentar a favor\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"note\": \"\\u0432\\u044b\\u0441\\u0442\\u0443\\u043f\\u0430\\u0301\\u0442\\u044c (vystup\\u00e1t\\u02b9) (\\u0437\\u0430 + accusative case)\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"podpirati\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"abogar\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"f\\u00f6respr\\u00e5ka\"}], \"word\": \"advocate\"}", "path": [], "section": "English", "subsection": "verb", "title": "advocate", "trace": "" } { "called_from": "XYZunsorted", "msg": "advocate/English/verb: 'word' should be a non-empty string (it is a mandatory field): {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"note\": \"\\u0432\\u044b\\u0441\\u0442\\u0443\\u043f\\u0430\\u0301\\u0442\\u044c (vystup\\u00e1t\\u02b9) (\\u0437\\u0430 + accusative case)\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\"}: {\"categories\": [\"Requests for review of Indonesian translations\", \"Requests for review of Interlingua translations\", \"Requests for review of Norwegian translations\", \"en:Law\", \"en:People\"], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*wek\\u02b7-\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"advocat\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English advocat\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"advoket\"}, \"expansion\": \"advoket\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"fro\", \"3\": \"advocat\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old French advocat\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"la\", \"3\": \"advoc\\u0101tus\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin advoc\\u0101tus\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"advoco\", \"3\": \"advoc\\u0101re\", \"4\": \"to call for\"}, \"expansion\": \"advoc\\u0101re (\\u201cto call for\\u201d)\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"grc\", \"2\": \"\\u03c0\\u03b1\\u03c1\\u03ac\\u03ba\\u03bb\\u03b7\\u03c4\\u03bf\\u03c2\"}, \"expansion\": \"Ancient Greek \\u03c0\\u03b1\\u03c1\\u03ac\\u03ba\\u03bb\\u03b7\\u03c4\\u03bf\\u03c2 (par\\u00e1kl\\u0113tos)\", \"name\": \"noncog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"paraclete\"}, \"expansion\": \"English paraclete\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"advoke\", \"3\": \"avouch\", \"4\": \"avow\"}, \"expansion\": \"Doublet of advoke, avouch, and avow\", \"name\": \"doublet\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English advocat, advoket, from Old French advocat, from Latin advoc\\u0101tus (past participle of advoc\\u0101re (\\u201cto call for\\u201d)), a calque of Ancient Greek \\u03c0\\u03b1\\u03c1\\u03ac\\u03ba\\u03bb\\u03b7\\u03c4\\u03bf\\u03c2 (par\\u00e1kl\\u0113tos) (whence English paraclete). Doublet of advoke, avouch, and avow.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"advocates\", \"tags\": [\"present\", \"singular\", \"third-person\"]}, {\"form\": \"advocating\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"present\"]}, {\"form\": \"advocated\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"advocated\", \"tags\": [\"past\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"advocate (third-person singular simple present advocates, present participle advocating, simple past and past participle advocated)\", \"name\": \"en-verb\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"verb\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"advocacy\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"7 March, 1624, Robert Sanderson, sermon at the Assizes, at Lincoln\\nTo advocate the cause of thy client.\"}, {\"text\": \"16 June, 1784, Edmund Burke, speech on reform of representation in the House of Commons\\nThis is the only thing distinct and sensible, that has been advocated.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To plead in favour of; to defend by argument, before a tribunal or the public; to support, vindicate, or recommend publicly.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To plead in favour of; to defend by argument, before a tribunal or the public; to support, vindicate, or recommend publicly.\"], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I like trees, but I do not advocate living in them.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1960 December, B. Perren, \\u201cThe role of the Great Central\\u2014present and future\\u201d, in Trains Illustrated, page 765\", \"text\": \"Those who have advocated the closure of the G.C. have so far failed to say by which alternative route this North-to-West traffic could be carried.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}, {\"ref\": \"12 May 2019, Alex McLevy, \\u201cWesteros faces a disastrous final battle on the penultimate Game of Thrones (newbies)\\u201d, in The A.V. Club\", \"text\": \"Varys even leans on Jon to assume the Iron Throne, which means he very well knew he wasn\\u2019t going to be around much longer, if he\\u2019s openly advocating others commit treason as well.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}, {\"ref\": \"March 8 2023, Howard Johnston, \\u201cWas Marples the real railway wrecker?\\u201d, in RAIL, number 978, page 50\", \"text\": \"Back in 1963, how could Beeching advocate closure of the electrified Liverpool-Southport commuter route, just because its books didn't balance? The busy North London line between Richmond and Broad Street was also for the axe, as was Leeds to Bradford and Ilkley.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To encourage support for something.\"], \"links\": [[\"encourage\", \"encourage\"], [\"support\", \"support\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To encourage support for something.\"], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English intransitive verbs\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"We have been advocating for changes in immigration law.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"June 3 2020, Christian Wolmar, \\u201cUnworkable policies cripple our beleaguered railway\\u201d, in Rail, page 51\", \"text\": \"And why has no one in the [rail] industry advocated for a universal requirement for face covering (even if it's just a scarf or old tea towel), [...].\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To engage in advocacy.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(intransitive, with for) To engage in advocacy.\"], \"tags\": [\"intransitive\", \"with for\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"en:Scots law\"], \"glosses\": [\"To appeal from an inferior court to the Court of Session.\"], \"links\": [[\"appeal\", \"appeal\"], [\"court\", \"court\"]], \"qualifier\": \"Scots law\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Scots law) To appeal from an inferior court to the Court of Session.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"en:Scots law\"], \"glosses\": [\"To call a case before itself for decision.\"], \"links\": [[\"case\", \"case\"], [\"decision\", \"decision\"]], \"qualifier\": \"Scots law\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Scots law, in higher courts) To call a case before itself for decision.\"], \"tags\": [\"in higher courts\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/\\u02c8\\u00e6d.v\\u0259.ke\\u026at/\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-advocate-noun.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a2/En-us-advocate-noun.ogg/En-us-advocate-noun.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/En-us-advocate-noun.ogg\", \"tags\": [\"US\"], \"text\": \"Audio (US)\"}, {\"audio\": \"LL-Q1860 (eng)-Back ache-advocate.wav\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-advocate.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-advocate.wav.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-advocate.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-advocate.wav.ogg\", \"tags\": [\"UK\"], \"text\": \"Audio (UK)\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-advocate-verb.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/En-us-advocate-verb.ogg/En-us-advocate-verb.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/En-us-advocate-verb.ogg\", \"tags\": [\"US\"], \"text\": \"Audio (US)\"}, {\"enpr\": \"\\u0103d'v\\u0259-k\\u0259t\"}, {\"enpr\": \"\\u0103d'v\\u0259-k\\u0101t\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"\\u2067\\u062d\\u0627\\u0645\\u0649\\u2069\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"\\u2067\\u0631\\u0627\\u0641\\u0639\\u2069\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"\\u2067\\u062a\\u0631\\u0627\\u0641\\u0639\\u2069\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"\\u5021\\u5c0e\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"ch\\u00e0ngd\\u01ceo\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"\\u5021\\u5bfc\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"\\u4e3b\\u5f35\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"zh\\u01d4zh\\u0101ng\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"\\u4e3b\\u5f20\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"t\\u00edch\\u00e0ng\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"\\u63d0\\u5021\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"g\\u01d4chu\\u012b\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"\\u9f13\\u5439\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"k\\u00e6mpe for\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"argumentere for\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"fortale\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"bepleiten\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"puolustaa\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"puhua puolesta\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"kannattaa\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"plaider\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"defender\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"avogar\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"verteidigen\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"pl\\u00e4dieren\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"rekomendar\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"pledar\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"raccomandare\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"promuovere\"}, {\"alt\": \"\\u3068\\u304f\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"toku\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"\\u8aac\\u304f\"}, {\"alt\": \"\\u3057\\u3085\\u3061\\u3087\\u3046\\u3059\\u308b\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"shuch\\u014d suru\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"\\u4e3b\\u5f35\\u3059\\u308b\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"supersum\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"t\\u016bhana\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"t\\u016bwhana\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"hapahapai\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"adwokatowa\\u0107\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"defender\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"advogar\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"otst\\u00e1ivat\\u02b9\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"\\u043e\\u0442\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u0301\\u0438\\u0432\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"propagand\\u00edrovat\\u02b9\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"\\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u043f\\u0430\\u0433\\u0430\\u043d\\u0434\\u0438\\u0301\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"vystup\\u00e1t\\u02b9 v za\\u0161\\u010d\\u00edtu\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"tags\": [\"with-genitive\"], \"word\": \"\\u0432\\u044b\\u0441\\u0442\\u0443\\u043f\\u0430\\u0301\\u0442\\u044c \\u0432 \\u0437\\u0430\\u0449\\u0438\\u0301\\u0442\\u0443\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"zagovarjati\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"recomendar\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"pl\\u00e4dera\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"f\\u00f6respr\\u00e5ka\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"\\u2067\\u0623\\u0648\\u0635\\u0649 \\u0628\\u2069\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"zast\\u01cepvam se za\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"\\u0437\\u0430\\u0441\\u0442\\u044a\\u043f\\u0432\\u0430\\u043c \\u0441\\u0435 \\u0437\\u0430\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"advocar\"}, {\"code\": \"gmw-cfr\", \"lang\": \"Central Franconian\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"aabeve\\u00eble\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"fortale\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"aanbevelen\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"kannattaa\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"pr\\u00e9coniser\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"verteidigen\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"pl\\u00e4dieren\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"difendere\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"sostenere\"}, {\"alt\": \"\\u3068\\u304f\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"toku\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"\\u8aac\\u304f\"}, {\"alt\": \"\\u3057\\u3058\\u3059\\u308b\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"shiji suru\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"\\u652f\\u6301\\u3059\\u308b\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"supersum\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"tautoko\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"adwokatowa\\u0107\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"advocar\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"defender\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"argumentar a favor\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"note\": \"\\u0432\\u044b\\u0441\\u0442\\u0443\\u043f\\u0430\\u0301\\u0442\\u044c (vystup\\u00e1t\\u02b9) (\\u0437\\u0430 + accusative case)\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"podpirati\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"abogar\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"f\\u00f6respr\\u00e5ka\"}], \"word\": \"advocate\"}", "path": [], "section": "English", "subsection": "verb", "title": "advocate", "trace": "" } { "called_from": "XYZunsorted", "msg": "advocate/English/verb: 'expansion' should contain a non-empty string: {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*wek\\u02b7-\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}: {\"categories\": [\"Requests for review of Indonesian translations\", \"Requests for review of Interlingua translations\", \"Requests for review of Norwegian translations\", \"en:Law\", \"en:People\"], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*wek\\u02b7-\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"advocat\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English advocat\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"advoket\"}, \"expansion\": \"advoket\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"fro\", \"3\": \"advocat\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old French advocat\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"la\", \"3\": \"advoc\\u0101tus\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin advoc\\u0101tus\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"advoco\", \"3\": \"advoc\\u0101re\", \"4\": \"to call for\"}, \"expansion\": \"advoc\\u0101re (\\u201cto call for\\u201d)\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"grc\", \"2\": \"\\u03c0\\u03b1\\u03c1\\u03ac\\u03ba\\u03bb\\u03b7\\u03c4\\u03bf\\u03c2\"}, \"expansion\": \"Ancient Greek \\u03c0\\u03b1\\u03c1\\u03ac\\u03ba\\u03bb\\u03b7\\u03c4\\u03bf\\u03c2 (par\\u00e1kl\\u0113tos)\", \"name\": \"noncog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"paraclete\"}, \"expansion\": \"English paraclete\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"advoke\", \"3\": \"avouch\", \"4\": \"avow\"}, \"expansion\": \"Doublet of advoke, avouch, and avow\", \"name\": \"doublet\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English advocat, advoket, from Old French advocat, from Latin advoc\\u0101tus (past participle of advoc\\u0101re (\\u201cto call for\\u201d)), a calque of Ancient Greek \\u03c0\\u03b1\\u03c1\\u03ac\\u03ba\\u03bb\\u03b7\\u03c4\\u03bf\\u03c2 (par\\u00e1kl\\u0113tos) (whence English paraclete). Doublet of advoke, avouch, and avow.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"advocates\", \"tags\": [\"present\", \"singular\", \"third-person\"]}, {\"form\": \"advocating\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"present\"]}, {\"form\": \"advocated\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"advocated\", \"tags\": [\"past\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"advocate (third-person singular simple present advocates, present participle advocating, simple past and past participle advocated)\", \"name\": \"en-verb\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"verb\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"advocacy\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"7 March, 1624, Robert Sanderson, sermon at the Assizes, at Lincoln\\nTo advocate the cause of thy client.\"}, {\"text\": \"16 June, 1784, Edmund Burke, speech on reform of representation in the House of Commons\\nThis is the only thing distinct and sensible, that has been advocated.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To plead in favour of; to defend by argument, before a tribunal or the public; to support, vindicate, or recommend publicly.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To plead in favour of; to defend by argument, before a tribunal or the public; to support, vindicate, or recommend publicly.\"], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I like trees, but I do not advocate living in them.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1960 December, B. Perren, \\u201cThe role of the Great Central\\u2014present and future\\u201d, in Trains Illustrated, page 765\", \"text\": \"Those who have advocated the closure of the G.C. have so far failed to say by which alternative route this North-to-West traffic could be carried.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}, {\"ref\": \"12 May 2019, Alex McLevy, \\u201cWesteros faces a disastrous final battle on the penultimate Game of Thrones (newbies)\\u201d, in The A.V. Club\", \"text\": \"Varys even leans on Jon to assume the Iron Throne, which means he very well knew he wasn\\u2019t going to be around much longer, if he\\u2019s openly advocating others commit treason as well.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}, {\"ref\": \"March 8 2023, Howard Johnston, \\u201cWas Marples the real railway wrecker?\\u201d, in RAIL, number 978, page 50\", \"text\": \"Back in 1963, how could Beeching advocate closure of the electrified Liverpool-Southport commuter route, just because its books didn't balance? The busy North London line between Richmond and Broad Street was also for the axe, as was Leeds to Bradford and Ilkley.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To encourage support for something.\"], \"links\": [[\"encourage\", \"encourage\"], [\"support\", \"support\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To encourage support for something.\"], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English intransitive verbs\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"We have been advocating for changes in immigration law.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"June 3 2020, Christian Wolmar, \\u201cUnworkable policies cripple our beleaguered railway\\u201d, in Rail, page 51\", \"text\": \"And why has no one in the [rail] industry advocated for a universal requirement for face covering (even if it's just a scarf or old tea towel), [...].\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To engage in advocacy.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(intransitive, with for) To engage in advocacy.\"], \"tags\": [\"intransitive\", \"with for\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"en:Scots law\"], \"glosses\": [\"To appeal from an inferior court to the Court of Session.\"], \"links\": [[\"appeal\", \"appeal\"], [\"court\", \"court\"]], \"qualifier\": \"Scots law\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Scots law) To appeal from an inferior court to the Court of Session.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"en:Scots law\"], \"glosses\": [\"To call a case before itself for decision.\"], \"links\": [[\"case\", \"case\"], [\"decision\", \"decision\"]], \"qualifier\": \"Scots law\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Scots law, in higher courts) To call a case before itself for decision.\"], \"tags\": [\"in higher courts\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/\\u02c8\\u00e6d.v\\u0259.ke\\u026at/\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-advocate-noun.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a2/En-us-advocate-noun.ogg/En-us-advocate-noun.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/En-us-advocate-noun.ogg\", \"tags\": [\"US\"], \"text\": \"Audio (US)\"}, {\"audio\": \"LL-Q1860 (eng)-Back ache-advocate.wav\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-advocate.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-advocate.wav.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-advocate.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-advocate.wav.ogg\", \"tags\": [\"UK\"], \"text\": \"Audio (UK)\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-advocate-verb.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/En-us-advocate-verb.ogg/En-us-advocate-verb.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/En-us-advocate-verb.ogg\", \"tags\": [\"US\"], \"text\": \"Audio (US)\"}, {\"enpr\": \"\\u0103d'v\\u0259-k\\u0259t\"}, {\"enpr\": \"\\u0103d'v\\u0259-k\\u0101t\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"\\u2067\\u062d\\u0627\\u0645\\u0649\\u2069\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"\\u2067\\u0631\\u0627\\u0641\\u0639\\u2069\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"\\u2067\\u062a\\u0631\\u0627\\u0641\\u0639\\u2069\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"\\u5021\\u5c0e\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"ch\\u00e0ngd\\u01ceo\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"\\u5021\\u5bfc\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"\\u4e3b\\u5f35\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"zh\\u01d4zh\\u0101ng\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"\\u4e3b\\u5f20\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"t\\u00edch\\u00e0ng\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"\\u63d0\\u5021\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"g\\u01d4chu\\u012b\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"\\u9f13\\u5439\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"k\\u00e6mpe for\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"argumentere for\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"fortale\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"bepleiten\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"puolustaa\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"puhua puolesta\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"kannattaa\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"plaider\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"defender\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"avogar\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"verteidigen\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"pl\\u00e4dieren\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"rekomendar\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"pledar\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"raccomandare\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"promuovere\"}, {\"alt\": \"\\u3068\\u304f\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"toku\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"\\u8aac\\u304f\"}, {\"alt\": \"\\u3057\\u3085\\u3061\\u3087\\u3046\\u3059\\u308b\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"shuch\\u014d suru\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"\\u4e3b\\u5f35\\u3059\\u308b\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"supersum\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"t\\u016bhana\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"t\\u016bwhana\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"hapahapai\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"adwokatowa\\u0107\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"defender\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"advogar\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"otst\\u00e1ivat\\u02b9\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"\\u043e\\u0442\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u0301\\u0438\\u0432\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"propagand\\u00edrovat\\u02b9\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"\\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u043f\\u0430\\u0433\\u0430\\u043d\\u0434\\u0438\\u0301\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"vystup\\u00e1t\\u02b9 v za\\u0161\\u010d\\u00edtu\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"tags\": [\"with-genitive\"], \"word\": \"\\u0432\\u044b\\u0441\\u0442\\u0443\\u043f\\u0430\\u0301\\u0442\\u044c \\u0432 \\u0437\\u0430\\u0449\\u0438\\u0301\\u0442\\u0443\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"zagovarjati\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"recomendar\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"pl\\u00e4dera\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"argue for\", \"word\": \"f\\u00f6respr\\u00e5ka\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"\\u2067\\u0623\\u0648\\u0635\\u0649 \\u0628\\u2069\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"zast\\u01cepvam se za\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"\\u0437\\u0430\\u0441\\u0442\\u044a\\u043f\\u0432\\u0430\\u043c \\u0441\\u0435 \\u0437\\u0430\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"advocar\"}, {\"code\": \"gmw-cfr\", \"lang\": \"Central Franconian\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"aabeve\\u00eble\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"fortale\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"aanbevelen\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"kannattaa\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"pr\\u00e9coniser\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"verteidigen\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"pl\\u00e4dieren\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"difendere\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"sostenere\"}, {\"alt\": \"\\u3068\\u304f\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"toku\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"\\u8aac\\u304f\"}, {\"alt\": \"\\u3057\\u3058\\u3059\\u308b\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"shiji suru\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"\\u652f\\u6301\\u3059\\u308b\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"supersum\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"tautoko\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"adwokatowa\\u0107\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"advocar\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"defender\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"argumentar a favor\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"note\": \"\\u0432\\u044b\\u0441\\u0442\\u0443\\u043f\\u0430\\u0301\\u0442\\u044c (vystup\\u00e1t\\u02b9) (\\u0437\\u0430 + accusative case)\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"podpirati\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"abogar\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"encourage support for\", \"word\": \"f\\u00f6respr\\u00e5ka\"}], \"word\": \"advocate\"}", "path": [], "section": "English", "subsection": "verb", "title": "advocate", "trace": "" }
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-03-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-03-01 using wiktextract (68773ab and 5f6ddbb). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.