"substance" meaning in All languages combined

See substance on Wiktionary

Noun [English]

IPA: /ˈsʌbstəns/ [US], [ˈsʌbstənts] [US] Audio: en-us-substance.ogg Forms: substances [plural]
Rhymes: -ʌbstəns Etymology: From Middle English substance, from Old French substance, from Latin substantia (“substance, essence”), from substāns, present active participle of substō (“exist”, literally “stand under”), from sub + stō (“stand”). Displaced native Old English andweorc. Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|substance}} Middle English substance, {{der|en|fro|substance}} Old French substance, {{der|en|la|substantia|t=substance, essence}} Latin substantia (“substance, essence”), {{ncog|ang|andweorc}} Old English andweorc Head templates: {{en-noun|~}} substance (countable and uncountable, plural substances)
  1. Physical matter; material. Tags: countable, uncountable Synonyms: matter, stuff
    Sense id: en-substance-en-noun-en:stuff Categories (other): Terms with Old English translations Disambiguation of Terms with Old English translations: 10 25 11 2 13 7 26 5
  2. Physical matter; material.
    A form of matter that has constant chemical composition and characteristic properties.
    Tags: countable, uncountable Synonyms: matter, stuff Translations (a form of matter with constant chemical composition and characteristic properties): вещество (veštestvo) [neuter] (Bulgarian), substancia [feminine] (Galician), ნივთიერება (nivtiereba) (Georgian), पदार्थ (padārth) [masculine] (Hindi), damhna [masculine] (Irish), pūmatū (Maori)
    Sense id: en-substance-en-noun-en:stuff1 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, Entries with translation boxes, Old French entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 4 entries, Pages with entries, Terms with Albanian translations, Terms with Ancient Greek translations, Terms with Arabic translations, Terms with Armenian translations, Terms with Asturian translations, Terms with Azerbaijani translations, Terms with Bashkir translations, Terms with Belarusian translations, Terms with Bengali translations, Terms with Bulgarian translations, Terms with Burmese translations, Terms with Cantonese translations, Terms with Catalan translations, Terms with Czech translations, Terms with Danish translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Esperanto translations, Terms with Estonian translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with Galician translations, Terms with Georgian translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Greek translations, Terms with Hebrew translations, Terms with Hindi translations, Terms with Hokkien translations, Terms with Hungarian translations, Terms with Icelandic translations, Terms with Indonesian translations, Terms with Interlingua translations, Terms with Irish translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Japanese translations, Terms with Kazakh translations, Terms with Khmer translations, Terms with Korean translations, Terms with Kyrgyz translations, Terms with Lao translations, Terms with Latin translations, Terms with Latvian translations, Terms with Lithuanian translations, Terms with Macedonian translations, Terms with Malay translations, Terms with Mandarin translations, Terms with Maori translations, Terms with Middle English translations, Terms with Mongolian translations, Terms with Northern Kurdish translations, Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations, Terms with Norwegian translations, Terms with Old English translations, Terms with Pashto translations, Terms with Persian translations, Terms with Polish translations, Terms with Portuguese translations, Terms with Romanian translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Sanskrit translations, Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations, Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations, Terms with Slovak translations, Terms with Slovene translations, Terms with Spanish translations, Terms with Swedish translations, Terms with Tajik translations, Terms with Tatar translations, Terms with Telugu translations, Terms with Thai translations, Terms with Tibetan translations, Terms with Turkish translations, Terms with Turkmen translations, Terms with Ukrainian translations, Terms with Urdu translations, Terms with Uyghur translations, Terms with Uzbek translations, Terms with Vietnamese translations, Terms with Welsh translations, Terms with Wu translations, Terms with Yiddish translations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 6 35 15 1 21 7 9 6 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 5 50 9 2 14 8 5 6 Disambiguation of Old French entries with incorrect language header: 4 20 9 1 12 5 6 4 17 17 5 0 Disambiguation of Pages with 4 entries: 2 12 4 1 7 3 2 2 32 33 1 1 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 1 15 6 1 10 2 2 2 30 30 1 1 Disambiguation of Terms with Albanian translations: 6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Ancient Greek translations: 10 25 11 5 14 13 12 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Arabic translations: 5 31 11 2 21 9 13 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Armenian translations: 6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Asturian translations: 6 32 13 2 20 12 8 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Azerbaijani translations: 6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Bashkir translations: 6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Belarusian translations: 6 32 13 2 20 12 8 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Bengali translations: 5 32 13 2 21 11 8 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Bulgarian translations: 5 30 14 2 19 12 11 6 Disambiguation of Terms with Burmese translations: 8 30 14 3 17 12 10 6 Disambiguation of Terms with Cantonese translations: 5 35 11 3 23 8 7 8 Disambiguation of Terms with Catalan translations: 6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Czech translations: 6 28 14 3 17 12 13 6 Disambiguation of Terms with Danish translations: 4 45 11 2 18 10 6 5 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 7 32 10 2 22 10 7 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Esperanto translations: 5 37 10 2 25 7 6 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Estonian translations: 6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 5 36 12 2 19 11 8 7 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 6 32 10 2 21 10 10 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Galician translations: 6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Georgian translations: 5 34 12 2 19 11 9 8 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 5 35 11 3 23 9 7 8 Disambiguation of Terms with Greek translations: 12 30 10 4 15 13 9 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Hebrew translations: 5 28 15 2 18 10 15 6 Disambiguation of Terms with Hindi translations: 8 31 11 3 18 7 15 6 Disambiguation of Terms with Hokkien translations: 5 35 11 2 23 9 7 8 Disambiguation of Terms with Hungarian translations: 11 30 12 4 14 14 10 6 Disambiguation of Terms with Icelandic translations: 6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Indonesian translations: 6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Interlingua translations: 5 37 11 2 26 7 6 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Irish translations: 6 31 13 2 20 13 8 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Italian translations: 5 37 10 2 25 7 6 8 Disambiguation of Terms with Japanese translations: 5 37 10 2 25 7 6 8 Disambiguation of Terms with Kazakh translations: 6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Khmer translations: 6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Korean translations: 6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Kyrgyz translations: 6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Lao translations: 5 31 14 2 21 12 9 6 Disambiguation of Terms with Latin translations: 5 37 10 2 25 7 6 8 Disambiguation of Terms with Latvian translations: 6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Lithuanian translations: 6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Macedonian translations: 6 32 14 2 20 11 8 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Malay translations: 6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Mandarin translations: 8 34 11 3 17 9 11 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Maori translations: 6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Middle English translations: 9 30 10 2 20 12 7 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Mongolian translations: 7 30 14 3 19 9 13 5 Disambiguation of Terms with Northern Kurdish translations: 2 43 12 1 28 4 5 5 Disambiguation of Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations: 6 31 13 3 19 12 8 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Norwegian translations: 6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Old English translations: 10 25 11 2 13 7 26 5 Disambiguation of Terms with Pashto translations: 5 37 10 2 25 7 6 8 Disambiguation of Terms with Persian translations: 6 32 13 2 20 11 8 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Polish translations: 6 32 12 2 18 12 8 10 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 5 31 13 2 20 11 8 10 Disambiguation of Terms with Romanian translations: 6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 5 41 9 2 23 7 6 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Sanskrit translations: 5 35 11 3 23 8 7 8 Disambiguation of Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations: 6 31 13 2 20 12 8 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations: 6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Slovak translations: 6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Slovene translations: 6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 5 37 10 1 23 8 8 8 Disambiguation of Terms with Swedish translations: 5 33 13 2 21 11 8 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Tajik translations: 6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Tatar translations: 6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Telugu translations: 6 33 13 2 21 11 8 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Thai translations: 6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Tibetan translations: 5 32 13 2 21 11 8 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Turkish translations: 5 33 13 2 21 11 8 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Turkmen translations: 6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Ukrainian translations: 6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Urdu translations: 5 36 11 2 24 8 7 8 Disambiguation of Terms with Uyghur translations: 6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Uzbek translations: 6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Vietnamese translations: 6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Welsh translations: 7 33 10 2 22 10 7 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Wu translations: 5 37 10 2 25 7 6 8 Disambiguation of Terms with Yiddish translations: 4 30 15 2 20 9 14 7 Disambiguation of 'a form of matter with constant chemical composition and characteristic properties': 18 64 4 1 7 3 4
  3. The essential part of anything; the most vital part. Tags: countable, uncountable Synonyms: crux, gist Translations (essential part): οὐσία (ousía) [feminine] (Ancient Greek), էություն (ēutʻyun) (Armenian), sustancia [feminine] (Asturian), същност (sǎštnost) [feminine] (Bulgarian), substància [feminine] (Catalan), 實質 (Chinese Mandarin), 实质 (shízhì) (Chinese Mandarin), podstata [feminine] (Czech), substance [feminine] (Czech), substans (Danish), hovedindhold (Danish), ydin (Finnish), substanssi (Finnish), olemus (Finnish), substance [feminine] (French), fond [masculine] (French), substancia [feminine] (Galician), არსი (arsi) (Georgian), Substanz [feminine] (German), ουσία (ousía) [feminine] (Greek), תוכן (tókhen) [masculine] (Hebrew), विषय वस्तु (viṣay vastu) (Hindi), lényeg (Hungarian), szubsztancia (Hungarian), 骨子 (kosshi) (Japanese), 본질 (bonjil) (alt: 本質) (Korean), 실질 (siljil) (alt: 實質) (Korean), substantia [feminine] (Latin), tino (Maori), substans [masculine] (Norwegian), istota [feminine] (Polish), substância [feminine] (Portuguese), substanță [feminine] (Romanian), су́щность (súščnostʹ) [feminine] (Russian), susbaint [feminine] (Scottish Gaelic), sustancia [feminine] (Spanish), substans [common-gender] (Swedish), ใจความ (jai-kwaam) (Thai), แก่นสาร (Thai)
    Sense id: en-substance-en-noun-oxmiIWsN Categories (other): Terms with Old English translations Disambiguation of Terms with Old English translations: 10 25 11 2 13 7 26 5 Disambiguation of 'essential part': 5 7 71 4 1 4 10
  4. Substantiality; solidity; firmness. Tags: countable, uncountable Translations (substantiality; solidity; firmness): rakenne (Finnish), substancia [feminine] (Galician), cerna [feminine] (Galician), miolo [masculine] (Galician), 실체 (silche) (alt: 實體) (Korean), 본질 (bonjil) (alt: 本質) (Korean), enjundia (Spanish)
    Sense id: en-substance-en-noun-BgK7HxXe Disambiguation of 'substantiality; solidity; firmness': 1 1 1 96 0 1 1
  5. Material possessions; estate; property; resources. Tags: countable, uncountable Translations (material possessions): οὐσία (ousía) [feminine] (Ancient Greek), имущество (imuštestvo) [neuter] (Bulgarian), 資產 (Chinese Mandarin), 资产 (zīchǎn) (Chinese Mandarin), 財產 (Chinese Mandarin), 财产 (cáichǎn) (Chinese Mandarin), formue (Danish), varat [plural] (Finnish), varallisuus (Finnish), biens [masculine, plural] (French), bens [masculine, plural] (Galician), Substanz [feminine] (German), περιουσία (periousía) [feminine] (Greek), संपत्ति (sampatti) [feminine] (Hindi), सम्पत्ति (sampatti) [feminine] (Hindi), संपदा (sampdā) [feminine] (Hindi), vagyon (Hungarian), 자산 (jasan) (alt: 資產) (Korean), 재산 (jaesan) (alt: 財產) (Korean), formue [masculine] (Norwegian), majątek [masculine] (Polish), riqueza [feminine] (Portuguese), substanță [feminine] (Romanian), вес (ves) [masculine] (Russian), सम्पत्ति (sampatti) [feminine] (Sanskrit), sustancia [feminine] (Spanish), resurs [common-gender] (Swedish)
    Sense id: en-substance-en-noun-bt~aEd6e Categories (other): Old French entries with incorrect language header, Pages with entries, Terms with Old English translations Disambiguation of Old French entries with incorrect language header: 4 20 9 1 12 5 6 4 17 17 5 0 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 1 15 6 1 10 2 2 2 30 30 1 1 Disambiguation of Terms with Old English translations: 10 25 11 2 13 7 26 5 Disambiguation of 'material possessions': 13 13 3 1 68 1 2
  6. Drugs (illegal narcotics) Tags: countable, uncountable Synonyms: dope, gear Translations (drugs): 物質 (Chinese Mandarin), 物质 (wùzhì) (Chinese Mandarin), 毒品 (dúpǐn) (Chinese Mandarin), aineet [plural] (Finnish), substancia [feminine] (Galician), Substanz [feminine] (German), ουσίες (ousíes) [feminine, plural] (Greek), मादक पदार्थ (mādak padārth) (Hindi), szer (Hungarian), 마약 (mayak) (alt: 麻藥) (Korean), narkotika (Norwegian), narkotika [neuter] (Norwegian Bokmål), stoff [neuter] (Norwegian Bokmål), substans [masculine] (Norwegian Bokmål), narkotyk [masculine] (Polish), substância [feminine] (Portuguese), drog [neuter] (Romanian), narcotic [neuter] (Romanian), вещество́ (veščestvó) [neuter] (Russian), substans [common-gender] (Swedish)
    Sense id: en-substance-en-noun-b34yud4l Disambiguation of 'drugs': 5 5 2 2 3 80 4
  7. (theology, philosophy) Ousia, essence; underlying reality or hypostasis in the philosophical sense. Tags: countable, uncountable Categories (topical): Philosophy, Theology
    Sense id: en-substance-en-noun-zyUOmeLp Categories (other): Terms with Old English translations Disambiguation of Terms with Old English translations: 10 25 11 2 13 7 26 5 Topics: human-sciences, lifestyle, philosophy, religion, sciences, theology
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: substaunce [archaic], corporeity, body, mass, material, matter, stuff, substance Hyponyms: gas, liquid, solid, food Holonyms: plenum Related terms: subsist, substantial, substantive Translations (physical matter; material — see also matter): substancë [feminine] (Albanian), lëndë [feminine] (Albanian), οὐσία (ousía) [feminine] (Ancient Greek), ὕλη (húlē) [feminine] (Ancient Greek), ὑπόστασις (hupóstasis) [feminine] (Ancient Greek), مَادَّة (mādda) [feminine] (Arabic), նյութ (nyutʻ) (Armenian), sustancia [feminine] (Asturian), maddə (Azerbaijani), матдә (matdə) (Bashkir), рэ́чыва (réčyva) [neuter] (Belarusian), субста́нцыя (substáncyja) [feminine, literary] (Belarusian), পদার্থ (podartho) (Bengali), вещество́ (veštestvó) [neuter] (Bulgarian), субста́нция (substáncija) [feminine, literary] (Bulgarian), ဒြပ် (drap) (Burmese), substància [feminine] (Catalan), 物質 [Hokkien] (Chinese), 物质 (zh-min-nan) [Hokkien] (Chinese), 物質 (Chinese Cantonese), 物质 (mat⁶ zat¹) (Chinese Cantonese), 物質 (Chinese Mandarin), 物质 (wùzhì) (Chinese Mandarin), látka [feminine] (Czech), substans (Danish), masse (Danish), substantie [feminine] (Dutch), substanco (Esperanto), aine (Estonian), aine (Finnish), materia (Finnish), substance [feminine] (French), substancia [feminine] (Galician), ნივთიერება (nivtiereba) (Georgian), Substanz [feminine] (German), Stoff [masculine] (German), ουσία (ousía) [feminine] (Greek), חומר \ חֹמֶר (khómer) [masculine] (Hebrew), पदार्थ (padārth) [masculine] (Hindi), वस्तु (vastu) [feminine] (Hindi), anyag (Hungarian), tartalom (Hungarian), efni [neuter] (Icelandic), zat (Indonesian), mianach [masculine] (Irish), damhna [masculine] (Irish), sostanza [feminine] (Italian), 物質 (busshitsu) (Japanese), зат (zat) (Kazakh), វត្ថុ (vŏətthoʼ) (Khmer), 물질 (muljil) (alt: 物質) (Korean), зат (zat) (Kyrgyz), ສະສານ (sa sān) (Lao), substantia [feminine] (Latin), materia [feminine] (Latin), viela [feminine] (Latvian), medžiaga [feminine] (Lithuanian), супстанција (supstancija) [feminine] (Macedonian), bahan (Malay), zat (Malay), matū (Maori), pūmatū (Maori), kiko (Maori), бодис (bodis) [Cyrillic] (Mongolian), ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ (bodas) [Mongolian] (Mongolian), made (Northern Kurdish), substans [masculine] (Norwegian), masse [masculine] (Norwegian), andweorc [neuter] (Old English), ماده (mādá) [feminine] (Pashto), ماده (mâdde) (Persian), substancja [feminine] (Polish), substância [feminine] (Portuguese), substanță [feminine] (Romanian), вещество́ (veščestvó) [neuter] (Russian), субста́нция (substáncija) [feminine, literary] (Russian), мате́рия (matérija) [feminine] (Russian), супста̀нца [Cyrillic, feminine] (Serbo-Croatian), supstànca [Roman, feminine] (Serbo-Croatian), látka [feminine] (Slovak), snov [feminine] (Slovene), sustancia [feminine] (Spanish), ämne [neuter] (Swedish), substans [common-gender] (Swedish), модда (modda) (Tajik), матдә (matdä) (Tatar), పదార్థము (padārthamu) (Telugu), สสาร (sà-sǎan) (Thai), madde (Turkish), madda (Turkmen), речовина́ (rečovyná) [feminine] (Ukrainian), субста́нція (substáncija) [feminine, literary] (Ukrainian), مادہ (māda) (Urdu), ماددا (madda) (Uyghur), modda (Uzbek), vật chất (alt: 物質) (Vietnamese), 物質 (Wu Chinese), 物质 (⁸veq-tseq) (Wu Chinese), מאַטעריע (materye) [feminine] (Yiddish)

Verb [English]

IPA: /ˈsʌbstəns/ [US], [ˈsʌbstənts] [US] Audio: en-us-substance.ogg Forms: substances [present, singular, third-person], substancing [participle, present], substanced [participle, past], substanced [past]
Rhymes: -ʌbstəns Etymology: From Middle English substance, from Old French substance, from Latin substantia (“substance, essence”), from substāns, present active participle of substō (“exist”, literally “stand under”), from sub + stō (“stand”). Displaced native Old English andweorc. Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|substance}} Middle English substance, {{der|en|fro|substance}} Old French substance, {{der|en|la|substantia|t=substance, essence}} Latin substantia (“substance, essence”), {{ncog|ang|andweorc}} Old English andweorc Head templates: {{en-verb}} substance (third-person singular simple present substances, present participle substancing, simple past and past participle substanced)
  1. (rare, transitive) To give substance to; to make real or substantial. Tags: rare, transitive Related terms: style
    Sense id: en-substance-en-verb-ioX1o8xS
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: substaunce [archaic]

Noun [French]

IPA: /syp.stɑ̃s/ Audio: Fr-substance.ogg Forms: substances [plural]
Rhymes: -ɑ̃s Etymology: Borrowed from Latin substantia (“substance, essence”), from substāns, present active participle of substō (“exist”, literally “stand under”), from sub + stō (“stand”). Etymology templates: {{bor+|fr|la|substantia|t=substance, essence}} Borrowed from Latin substantia (“substance, essence”) Head templates: {{fr-noun|f}} substance f (plural substances)
  1. substance Tags: feminine Derived forms: substantiation, substantiel, substantif
    Sense id: en-substance-fr-noun-lDrmCzMd Categories (other): French entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 4 entries, Pages with entries, Old French entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 4 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Old French entries with incorrect language header: 4 20 9 1 12 5 6 4 17 17 5 0 Disambiguation of Pages with 4 entries: 2 12 4 1 7 3 2 2 32 33 1 1 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 1 15 6 1 10 2 2 2 30 30 1 1

Noun [Middle English]

Etymology: From Old French substance. Etymology templates: {{bor|enm|fro|substance}} Old French substance Head templates: {{head|enm|noun}} substance
  1. essence
    Sense id: en-substance-enm-noun-CSvYZGz1 Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 4 entries, Pages with entries, Old French entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 4 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Old French entries with incorrect language header: 4 20 9 1 12 5 6 4 17 17 5 0 Disambiguation of Pages with 4 entries: 2 12 4 1 7 3 2 2 32 33 1 1 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 1 15 6 1 10 2 2 2 30 30 1 1

Noun [Old French]

Forms: substance oblique singular or [canonical, feminine], substances [oblique, plural], substance [nominative, singular], substances [nominative, plural]
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin substantia. Etymology templates: {{bor|fro|la|substantia}} Latin substantia Head templates: {{fro-noun|f}} substance oblique singular, f (oblique plural substances, nominative singular substance, nominative plural substances)
  1. most essential; substantial part
    Sense id: en-substance-fro-noun-~Yysq61P
  2. existence
    Sense id: en-substance-fro-noun-ImaeONww
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: sostance, sustance Related terms: substantiel

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "nothing"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "vacuum"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "void"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "energy"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "force"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "heat"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "light"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "power"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "ego"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "dream"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "mind"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "personality"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "phantom"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "shadow"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "soul"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "spirit"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "all style and no substance"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "economic substance"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "exosubstance"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ground substance"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "mucosubstance"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "multisubstance"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "nanosubstance"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Nissl substance"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "nonsubstance"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "perfluoroalkyl substance"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "polyfluoroalkyl substance"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "polysubstance"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "queen substance"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "substance dependence"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "substancehood"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "substanceless"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "substanceness"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "substance-wise"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "substantification"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "substantify"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "substance"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English substance",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "substance"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French substance",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "substantia",
        "t": "substance, essence"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin substantia (“substance, essence”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "andweorc"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English andweorc",
      "name": "ncog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English substance, from Old French substance, from Latin substantia (“substance, essence”), from substāns, present active participle of substō (“exist”, literally “stand under”), from sub + stō (“stand”). Displaced native Old English andweorc.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "substances",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "substance (countable and uncountable, plural substances)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "holonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "plenum"
    }
  ],
  "hyponyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "gas"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "liquid"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "solid"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "food"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "subsist"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "substantial"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "substantive"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "10 25 11 2 13 7 26 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Old English translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1699, William Temple, Heads designed for an essay on conversations:",
          "text": "Study gives strength to the mind; conversation, grace: the first apt to give stiffness, the other suppleness: one gives substance and form to the statue, the other polishes it.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XXX, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume II, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 308:",
          "text": "His wasted hands were stretched out, and worked with a quick and convulsive motion, as if catching some small substances which kept eluding their grasp;...",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2013 July 20, “Welcome to the plastisphere”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:",
          "text": "Plastics are energy-rich substances, which is why many of them burn so readily. Any organism that could unlock and use that energy would do well in the Anthropocene. Terrestrial bacteria and fungi which can manage this trick are already familiar to experts in the field.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Physical matter; material."
      ],
      "id": "en-substance-en-noun-en:stuff",
      "links": [
        [
          "matter",
          "matter"
        ],
        [
          "material",
          "material"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:stuff"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "matter"
        },
        {
          "word": "stuff"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "6 35 15 1 21 7 9 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 50 9 2 14 8 5 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Entries with translation boxes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 20 9 1 12 5 6 4 17 17 5 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 12 4 1 7 3 2 2 32 33 1 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 4 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 15 6 1 10 2 2 2 30 30 1 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Albanian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 25 11 5 14 13 12 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 31 11 2 21 9 13 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 32 13 2 20 12 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Asturian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Bashkir translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 32 13 2 20 12 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 32 13 2 21 11 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Bengali translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 30 14 2 19 12 11 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 30 14 3 17 12 10 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Burmese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 35 11 3 23 8 7 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Cantonese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 28 14 3 17 12 13 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Czech translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 45 11 2 18 10 6 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Danish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 32 10 2 22 10 7 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 37 10 2 25 7 6 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 36 12 2 19 11 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 32 10 2 21 10 10 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with French translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Galician translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 34 12 2 19 11 9 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 35 11 3 23 9 7 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with German translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 30 10 4 15 13 9 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Greek translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 28 15 2 18 10 15 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 31 11 3 18 7 15 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 35 11 2 23 9 7 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Hokkien translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 30 12 4 14 14 10 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 37 11 2 26 7 6 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Interlingua translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 31 13 2 20 13 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Irish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 37 10 2 25 7 6 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Italian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 37 10 2 25 7 6 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Kazakh translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Khmer translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Korean translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 31 14 2 21 12 9 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Lao translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 37 10 2 25 7 6 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Latin translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 32 14 2 20 11 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Malay translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 34 11 3 17 9 11 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Maori translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 30 10 2 20 12 7 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Middle English translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 30 14 3 19 9 13 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Mongolian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 43 12 1 28 4 5 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 31 13 3 19 12 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 25 11 2 13 7 26 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Old English translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 37 10 2 25 7 6 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Pashto translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 32 13 2 20 11 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Persian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 32 12 2 18 12 8 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Polish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 31 13 2 20 11 8 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 41 9 2 23 7 6 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Russian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 35 11 3 23 8 7 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Sanskrit translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 31 13 2 20 12 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 37 10 1 23 8 8 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 33 13 2 21 11 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Tajik translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Tatar translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 33 13 2 21 11 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Telugu translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Thai translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 32 13 2 21 11 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Tibetan translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 33 13 2 21 11 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Turkmen translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 36 11 2 24 8 7 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Urdu translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Uyghur translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Uzbek translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 32 13 2 21 11 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 33 10 2 22 10 7 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 37 10 2 25 7 6 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Wu translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 30 15 2 20 9 14 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Yiddish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Physical matter; material.",
        "A form of matter that has constant chemical composition and characteristic properties."
      ],
      "id": "en-substance-en-noun-en:stuff1",
      "links": [
        [
          "matter",
          "matter"
        ],
        [
          "material",
          "material"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:stuff",
        "en:homogeneous"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "matter"
        },
        {
          "word": "stuff"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "18 64 4 1 7 3 4",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "veštestvo",
          "sense": "a form of matter with constant chemical composition and characteristic properties",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "вещество"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "18 64 4 1 7 3 4",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "a form of matter with constant chemical composition and characteristic properties",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "substancia"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "18 64 4 1 7 3 4",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "nivtiereba",
          "sense": "a form of matter with constant chemical composition and characteristic properties",
          "word": "ნივთიერება"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "18 64 4 1 7 3 4",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "padārth",
          "sense": "a form of matter with constant chemical composition and characteristic properties",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "पदार्थ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "18 64 4 1 7 3 4",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "a form of matter with constant chemical composition and characteristic properties",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "damhna"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "18 64 4 1 7 3 4",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "a form of matter with constant chemical composition and characteristic properties",
          "word": "pūmatū"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "10 25 11 2 13 7 26 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Old English translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1667, John Dryden, Annus Mirabilis: The Year of Wonders, 1666. […], London: […] Henry Herringman, […], →OCLC, (please specify the stanza number):",
          "text": "Heroic virtue did his actions guide, / And he the substance, not the appearance, chose.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "text": "1684-1690, Thomas Burnet, Sacred Theory of the Earth\nThis edition is the same in substance with the Latin."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1796, Edmund Burke, Letters on a Regicide Peace:",
          "text": "It is insolent in words, in manner; but in substance it is not only insulting, but alarming.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The essential part of anything; the most vital part."
      ],
      "id": "en-substance-en-noun-oxmiIWsN",
      "links": [
        [
          "essential",
          "essential"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "crux"
        },
        {
          "word": "gist"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "5 7 71 4 1 4 10",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "ēutʻyun",
          "sense": "essential part",
          "word": "էություն"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 7 71 4 1 4 10",
          "code": "ast",
          "lang": "Asturian",
          "sense": "essential part",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "sustancia"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 7 71 4 1 4 10",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "sǎštnost",
          "sense": "essential part",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "същност"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 7 71 4 1 4 10",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "essential part",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "substància"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 7 71 4 1 4 10",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "essential part",
          "word": "實質"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 7 71 4 1 4 10",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "shízhì",
          "sense": "essential part",
          "word": "实质"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 7 71 4 1 4 10",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "essential part",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "podstata"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 7 71 4 1 4 10",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "essential part",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "substance"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 7 71 4 1 4 10",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "essential part",
          "word": "substans"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 7 71 4 1 4 10",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "essential part",
          "word": "hovedindhold"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 7 71 4 1 4 10",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "essential part",
          "word": "ydin"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 7 71 4 1 4 10",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "essential part",
          "word": "substanssi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 7 71 4 1 4 10",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "essential part",
          "word": "olemus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 7 71 4 1 4 10",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "essential part",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "substance"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 7 71 4 1 4 10",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "essential part",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "fond"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 7 71 4 1 4 10",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "essential part",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "substancia"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 7 71 4 1 4 10",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "arsi",
          "sense": "essential part",
          "word": "არსი"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 7 71 4 1 4 10",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "essential part",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Substanz"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 7 71 4 1 4 10",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "ousía",
          "sense": "essential part",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "ουσία"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 7 71 4 1 4 10",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "ousía",
          "sense": "essential part",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "οὐσία"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 7 71 4 1 4 10",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "tókhen",
          "sense": "essential part",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "תוכן"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 7 71 4 1 4 10",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "viṣay vastu",
          "sense": "essential part",
          "word": "विषय वस्तु"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 7 71 4 1 4 10",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "essential part",
          "word": "lényeg"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 7 71 4 1 4 10",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "essential part",
          "word": "szubsztancia"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 7 71 4 1 4 10",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "kosshi",
          "sense": "essential part",
          "word": "骨子"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 7 71 4 1 4 10",
          "alt": "本質",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "bonjil",
          "sense": "essential part",
          "word": "본질"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 7 71 4 1 4 10",
          "alt": "實質",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "siljil",
          "sense": "essential part",
          "word": "실질"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 7 71 4 1 4 10",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "essential part",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "substantia"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 7 71 4 1 4 10",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "essential part",
          "word": "tino"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 7 71 4 1 4 10",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "essential part",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "substans"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 7 71 4 1 4 10",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "essential part",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "istota"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 7 71 4 1 4 10",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "essential part",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "substância"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 7 71 4 1 4 10",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "essential part",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "substanță"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 7 71 4 1 4 10",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "súščnostʹ",
          "sense": "essential part",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "су́щность"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 7 71 4 1 4 10",
          "code": "gd",
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "sense": "essential part",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "susbaint"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 7 71 4 1 4 10",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "essential part",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "sustancia"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 7 71 4 1 4 10",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "essential part",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "substans"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 7 71 4 1 4 10",
          "code": "th",
          "lang": "Thai",
          "roman": "jai-kwaam",
          "sense": "essential part",
          "word": "ใจความ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 7 71 4 1 4 10",
          "code": "th",
          "lang": "Thai",
          "sense": "essential part",
          "word": "แก่นสาร"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Some textile fabrics have little substance.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Substantiality; solidity; firmness."
      ],
      "id": "en-substance-en-noun-BgK7HxXe",
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 1 96 0 1 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "substantiality; solidity; firmness",
          "word": "rakenne"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 1 96 0 1 1",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "substantiality; solidity; firmness",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "substancia"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 1 96 0 1 1",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "substantiality; solidity; firmness",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "cerna"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 1 96 0 1 1",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "substantiality; solidity; firmness",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "miolo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 1 96 0 1 1",
          "alt": "實體",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "silche",
          "sense": "substantiality; solidity; firmness",
          "word": "실체"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 1 96 0 1 1",
          "alt": "本質",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "bonjil",
          "sense": "substantiality; solidity; firmness",
          "word": "본질"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 1 96 0 1 1",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "substantiality; solidity; firmness",
          "word": "enjundia"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "4 20 9 1 12 5 6 4 17 17 5 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 15 6 1 10 2 2 2 30 30 1 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 25 11 2 13 7 26 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Old English translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "a man of substance",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Luke 15:13:",
          "text": "And there wasted his substance with riotous living.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "c. 1594 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Comedie of Errors”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:",
          "text": "Thy substance, valued at the highest rate, / Cannot amount unto a hundred marks.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1711 December 8 (Gregorian calendar), [Jonathan Swift], The Conduct of the Allies, and of the Late Ministry, in Beginning and Carrying on the Present War, 4th edition, London: […] John Morphew […], published 1711, →OCLC, page 26:",
          "text": "And as we have waſted our Strength and vital Subſtance in this profuſe manner, ſo we have ſhamefully miſapplied it to Ends at leaſt very different from thoſe for which we undertook the War, and often to effect others which after a Peace we may ſeverely repent.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Material possessions; estate; property; resources."
      ],
      "id": "en-substance-en-noun-bt~aEd6e",
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "13 13 3 1 68 1 2",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "imuštestvo",
          "sense": "material possessions",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "имущество"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 13 3 1 68 1 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "material possessions",
          "word": "資產"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 13 3 1 68 1 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "zīchǎn",
          "sense": "material possessions",
          "word": "资产"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 13 3 1 68 1 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "material possessions",
          "word": "財產"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 13 3 1 68 1 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "cáichǎn",
          "sense": "material possessions",
          "word": "财产"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 13 3 1 68 1 2",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "material possessions",
          "word": "formue"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 13 3 1 68 1 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "material possessions",
          "tags": [
            "plural"
          ],
          "word": "varat"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 13 3 1 68 1 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "material possessions",
          "word": "varallisuus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 13 3 1 68 1 2",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "material possessions",
          "tags": [
            "masculine",
            "plural"
          ],
          "word": "biens"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 13 3 1 68 1 2",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "material possessions",
          "tags": [
            "masculine",
            "plural"
          ],
          "word": "bens"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 13 3 1 68 1 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "material possessions",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Substanz"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 13 3 1 68 1 2",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "periousía",
          "sense": "material possessions",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "περιουσία"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 13 3 1 68 1 2",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "ousía",
          "sense": "material possessions",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "οὐσία"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 13 3 1 68 1 2",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "sampatti",
          "sense": "material possessions",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "संपत्ति"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 13 3 1 68 1 2",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "sampatti",
          "sense": "material possessions",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "सम्पत्ति"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 13 3 1 68 1 2",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "sampdā",
          "sense": "material possessions",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "संपदा"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 13 3 1 68 1 2",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "material possessions",
          "word": "vagyon"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 13 3 1 68 1 2",
          "alt": "資產",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "jasan",
          "sense": "material possessions",
          "word": "자산"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 13 3 1 68 1 2",
          "alt": "財產",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "jaesan",
          "sense": "material possessions",
          "word": "재산"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 13 3 1 68 1 2",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "material possessions",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "formue"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 13 3 1 68 1 2",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "material possessions",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "majątek"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 13 3 1 68 1 2",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "material possessions",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "riqueza"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 13 3 1 68 1 2",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "material possessions",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "substanță"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 13 3 1 68 1 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "ves",
          "sense": "material possessions",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "вес"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 13 3 1 68 1 2",
          "code": "sa",
          "lang": "Sanskrit",
          "roman": "sampatti",
          "sense": "material possessions",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "सम्पत्ति"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 13 3 1 68 1 2",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "material possessions",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "sustancia"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 13 3 1 68 1 2",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "material possessions",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "resurs"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "substance abuse",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Drugs (illegal narcotics)"
      ],
      "id": "en-substance-en-noun-b34yud4l",
      "links": [
        [
          "Drugs",
          "drug"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "dope"
        },
        {
          "word": "gear"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "5 5 2 2 3 80 4",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "drugs",
          "word": "物質"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 5 2 2 3 80 4",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "wùzhì",
          "sense": "drugs",
          "word": "物质"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 5 2 2 3 80 4",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "dúpǐn",
          "sense": "drugs",
          "word": "毒品"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 5 2 2 3 80 4",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "drugs",
          "tags": [
            "plural"
          ],
          "word": "aineet"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 5 2 2 3 80 4",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "drugs",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "substancia"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 5 2 2 3 80 4",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "drugs",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Substanz"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 5 2 2 3 80 4",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "ousíes",
          "sense": "drugs",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "plural"
          ],
          "word": "ουσίες"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 5 2 2 3 80 4",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "mādak padārth",
          "sense": "drugs",
          "word": "मादक पदार्थ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 5 2 2 3 80 4",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "drugs",
          "word": "szer"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 5 2 2 3 80 4",
          "alt": "麻藥",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "mayak",
          "sense": "drugs",
          "word": "마약"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 5 2 2 3 80 4",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "drugs",
          "word": "narkotika"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 5 2 2 3 80 4",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "drugs",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "narkotika"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 5 2 2 3 80 4",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "drugs",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "stoff"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 5 2 2 3 80 4",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "drugs",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "substans"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 5 2 2 3 80 4",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "drugs",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "narkotyk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 5 2 2 3 80 4",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "drugs",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "substância"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 5 2 2 3 80 4",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "drugs",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "drog"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 5 2 2 3 80 4",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "drugs",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "narcotic"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 5 2 2 3 80 4",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "veščestvó",
          "sense": "drugs",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "вещество́"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 5 2 2 3 80 4",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "drugs",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "substans"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Philosophy",
          "orig": "en:Philosophy",
          "parents": [
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Theology",
          "orig": "en:Theology",
          "parents": [
            "Philosophy",
            "Religion",
            "All topics",
            "Culture",
            "Fundamental",
            "Society"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 25 11 2 13 7 26 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Old English translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Ousia, essence; underlying reality or hypostasis in the philosophical sense."
      ],
      "id": "en-substance-en-noun-zyUOmeLp",
      "links": [
        [
          "theology",
          "theology"
        ],
        [
          "philosophy",
          "philosophy"
        ],
        [
          "Ousia",
          "ousia"
        ],
        [
          "essence",
          "essence"
        ],
        [
          "reality",
          "reality"
        ],
        [
          "hypostasis",
          "hypostasis"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(theology, philosophy) Ousia, essence; underlying reality or hypostasis in the philosophical sense."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "lifestyle",
        "philosophy",
        "religion",
        "sciences",
        "theology"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsʌbstəns/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈsʌbstənts]",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-substance.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c6/En-us-substance.ogg/En-us-substance.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/En-us-substance.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʌbstəns"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ],
      "word": "substaunce"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "corporeity"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "body"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "mass"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "material"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "matter"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "stuff"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "substance"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "sq",
      "lang": "Albanian",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "substancë"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "sq",
      "lang": "Albanian",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "lëndë"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "mādda",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "مَادَّة"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "nyutʻ",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "նյութ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "ast",
      "lang": "Asturian",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "sustancia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "maddə"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "ba",
      "lang": "Bashkir",
      "roman": "matdə",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "матдә"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "réčyva",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "рэ́чыва"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "substáncyja",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "субста́нцыя"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "bn",
      "lang": "Bengali",
      "roman": "podartho",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "পদার্থ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "veštestvó",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "вещество́"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "substáncija",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "субста́нция"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "my",
      "lang": "Burmese",
      "roman": "drap",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "ဒြပ်"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "substància"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "物質"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "roman": "mat⁶ zat¹",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "物质"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "nan-hbl",
      "lang": "Chinese",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "物質"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "nan-hbl",
      "lang": "Chinese",
      "roman": "zh-min-nan",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "物质"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "物質"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "wùzhì",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "物质"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "wuu",
      "lang": "Wu Chinese",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "物質"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "wuu",
      "lang": "Wu Chinese",
      "roman": "⁸veq-tseq",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "物质"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "látka"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "substans"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "masse"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "substantie"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "substanco"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "et",
      "lang": "Estonian",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "aine"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "aine"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "materia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "substance"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "substancia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "nivtiereba",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "ნივთიერება"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Substanz"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Stoff"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "ousía",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ουσία"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "ousía",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "οὐσία"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "húlē",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ὕλη"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "hupóstasis",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ὑπόστασις"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "khómer",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "חומר \\ חֹמֶר"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "padārth",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "पदार्थ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "vastu",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "वस्तु"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "anyag"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "tartalom"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "efni"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "zat"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "mianach"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "damhna"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "sostanza"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "busshitsu",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "物質"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "kk",
      "lang": "Kazakh",
      "roman": "zat",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "зат"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "km",
      "lang": "Khmer",
      "roman": "vŏətthoʼ",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "វត្ថុ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "alt": "物質",
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "muljil",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "물질"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "kmr",
      "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "made"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "ky",
      "lang": "Kyrgyz",
      "roman": "zat",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "зат"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "lo",
      "lang": "Lao",
      "roman": "sa sān",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "ສະສານ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "substantia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "materia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "viela"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "lt",
      "lang": "Lithuanian",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "medžiaga"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "supstancija",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "супстанција"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "bahan"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "zat"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "matū"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "pūmatū"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "kiko"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "mn",
      "lang": "Mongolian",
      "roman": "bodis",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic"
      ],
      "word": "бодис"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "mn",
      "lang": "Mongolian",
      "roman": "bodas",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "Mongolian"
      ],
      "word": "ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "substans"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "masse"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "ang",
      "lang": "Old English",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "andweorc"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "ps",
      "lang": "Pashto",
      "roman": "mādá",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ماده"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "mâdde",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "ماده"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "substancja"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "substância"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "substanță"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "veščestvó",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "вещество́"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "substáncija",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "субста́нция"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "matérija",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "мате́рия"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "супста̀нца"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "Roman",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "supstànca"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "látka"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "snov"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "sustancia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "ämne"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "substans"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "tg",
      "lang": "Tajik",
      "roman": "modda",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "модда"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "tt",
      "lang": "Tatar",
      "roman": "matdä",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "матдә"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "te",
      "lang": "Telugu",
      "roman": "padārthamu",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "పదార్థము"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "th",
      "lang": "Thai",
      "roman": "sà-sǎan",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "สสาร"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "madde"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "tk",
      "lang": "Turkmen",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "madda"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "rečovyná",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "речовина́"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "substáncija",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "субста́нція"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "ur",
      "lang": "Urdu",
      "roman": "māda",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "مادہ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "ug",
      "lang": "Uyghur",
      "roman": "madda",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "ماددا"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "uz",
      "lang": "Uzbek",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "modda"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "alt": "物質",
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "vật chất"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 4 1 5 3 4",
      "code": "yi",
      "lang": "Yiddish",
      "roman": "materye",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "מאַטעריע"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "substance"
  ],
  "word": "substance"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "substance"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English substance",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "substance"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French substance",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "substantia",
        "t": "substance, essence"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin substantia (“substance, essence”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "andweorc"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English andweorc",
      "name": "ncog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English substance, from Old French substance, from Latin substantia (“substance, essence”), from substāns, present active participle of substō (“exist”, literally “stand under”), from sub + stō (“stand”). Displaced native Old English andweorc.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "substances",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "substancing",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "substanced",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "substanced",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "substance (third-person singular simple present substances, present participle substancing, simple past and past participle substanced)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1873, Adeline Dutton Train Whitney, The Other Girls, page 335:",
          "text": "If life were nothing but what gets phrased and substanced, the world might as well be rolled up and laid away again in darkness.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1982, Dhupaty V. K. Raghavacharyulu, The Song of the Red Rose and Other Poems, page 78:",
          "text": "The calm ruminating / Reverie, substancing / Intellect into emotion, / Is shelter enough for love / Unhumiliated by faith.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To give substance to; to make real or substantial."
      ],
      "id": "en-substance-en-verb-ioX1o8xS",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare, transitive) To give substance to; to make real or substantial."
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "style"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsʌbstəns/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈsʌbstənts]",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-substance.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c6/En-us-substance.ogg/En-us-substance.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/En-us-substance.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʌbstəns"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ],
      "word": "substaunce"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "substance"
  ],
  "word": "substance"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "substantia",
        "t": "substance, essence"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Latin substantia (“substance, essence”)",
      "name": "bor+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin substantia (“substance, essence”), from substāns, present active participle of substō (“exist”, literally “stand under”), from sub + stō (“stand”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "substances",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "substance f (plural substances)",
      "name": "fr-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 4 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 20 9 1 12 5 6 4 17 17 5 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 12 4 1 7 3 2 2 32 33 1 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 4 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 15 6 1 10 2 2 2 30 30 1 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "substantiation"
        },
        {
          "word": "substantiel"
        },
        {
          "word": "substantif"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "substance"
      ],
      "id": "en-substance-fr-noun-lDrmCzMd",
      "links": [
        [
          "substance",
          "#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/syp.stɑ̃s/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Fr-substance.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/98/Fr-substance.ogg/Fr-substance.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Fr-substance.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑ̃s"
    }
  ],
  "word": "substance"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "substance"
          },
          "expansion": "English: substance",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: substance"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "substance"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French substance",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old French substance.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "substance",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 4 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 20 9 1 12 5 6 4 17 17 5 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 12 4 1 7 3 2 2 32 33 1 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 4 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 15 6 1 10 2 2 2 30 30 1 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "God judges us according to our true essence, which he keeps inside himself, whole and safe, always.",
          "ref": "Mirabai Starr (2013) chapter 45, in Julian of Norwich: The Showings: A Contemporary Translation, Canterbury Press, published 2014, →ISBN, “Human Judgment”, page 111",
          "text": "God demyth vs vpon oure kyndely substance, whych is evyr kepte one in hym, hole and safe without ende;",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "essence"
      ],
      "id": "en-substance-enm-noun-CSvYZGz1",
      "links": [
        [
          "essence",
          "essence"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "substance"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "substance"
          },
          "expansion": "French: substance",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: substance"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "substance",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Middle English: substance\nEnglish: substance",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Middle English: substance\nEnglish: substance"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "substantia"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin substantia",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin substantia.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "substance oblique singular or",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "substances",
      "tags": [
        "oblique",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "substance",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "substances",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "substance oblique singular, f (oblique plural substances, nominative singular substance, nominative plural substances)",
      "name": "fro-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old French",
  "lang_code": "fro",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "substantiel"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "most essential; substantial part"
      ],
      "id": "en-substance-fro-noun-~Yysq61P",
      "links": [
        [
          "essential",
          "essential"
        ],
        [
          "substantial",
          "substantial"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "existence"
      ],
      "id": "en-substance-fro-noun-ImaeONww",
      "links": [
        [
          "existence",
          "existence"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "sostance"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "sustance"
    }
  ],
  "word": "substance"
}
{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "nothing"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "vacuum"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "void"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "energy"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "force"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "heat"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "light"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "power"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "ego"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "dream"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "mind"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "personality"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "phantom"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "shadow"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "soul"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "spirit"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "English verbs",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old French feminine nouns",
    "Old French lemmas",
    "Old French nouns",
    "Old French terms borrowed from Latin",
    "Old French terms derived from Latin",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Requests for review of Albanian translations",
    "Requests for review of Azerbaijani translations",
    "Requests for review of Bulgarian translations",
    "Requests for review of Dutch translations",
    "Requests for review of Esperanto translations",
    "Requests for review of Estonian translations",
    "Requests for review of Indonesian translations",
    "Requests for review of Interlingua translations",
    "Requests for review of Italian translations",
    "Requests for review of Lithuanian translations",
    "Requests for review of Middle English translations",
    "Requests for review of Persian translations",
    "Requests for review of Romanian translations",
    "Requests for review of Slovak translations",
    "Requests for review of Tibetan translations",
    "Requests for review of Turkish translations",
    "Requests for review of Welsh translations",
    "Requests for review of Yiddish translations",
    "Rhymes:English/ʌbstəns",
    "Rhymes:English/ʌbstəns/2 syllables",
    "Terms with Albanian translations",
    "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
    "Terms with Arabic translations",
    "Terms with Armenian translations",
    "Terms with Asturian translations",
    "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
    "Terms with Bashkir translations",
    "Terms with Belarusian translations",
    "Terms with Bengali translations",
    "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
    "Terms with Burmese translations",
    "Terms with Cantonese translations",
    "Terms with Catalan translations",
    "Terms with Czech translations",
    "Terms with Danish translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Esperanto translations",
    "Terms with Estonian translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with Galician translations",
    "Terms with Georgian translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Greek translations",
    "Terms with Hebrew translations",
    "Terms with Hindi translations",
    "Terms with Hokkien translations",
    "Terms with Hungarian translations",
    "Terms with Icelandic translations",
    "Terms with Indonesian translations",
    "Terms with Interlingua translations",
    "Terms with Irish translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Japanese translations",
    "Terms with Kazakh translations",
    "Terms with Khmer translations",
    "Terms with Korean translations",
    "Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
    "Terms with Lao translations",
    "Terms with Latin translations",
    "Terms with Latvian translations",
    "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
    "Terms with Macedonian translations",
    "Terms with Malay translations",
    "Terms with Mandarin translations",
    "Terms with Maori translations",
    "Terms with Middle English translations",
    "Terms with Mongolian translations",
    "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
    "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
    "Terms with Norwegian translations",
    "Terms with Old English translations",
    "Terms with Pashto translations",
    "Terms with Persian translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Romanian translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Sanskrit translations",
    "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
    "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
    "Terms with Slovak translations",
    "Terms with Slovene translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations",
    "Terms with Tajik translations",
    "Terms with Tatar translations",
    "Terms with Telugu translations",
    "Terms with Thai translations",
    "Terms with Tibetan translations",
    "Terms with Turkish translations",
    "Terms with Turkmen translations",
    "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
    "Terms with Urdu translations",
    "Terms with Uyghur translations",
    "Terms with Uzbek translations",
    "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
    "Terms with Welsh translations",
    "Terms with Wu translations",
    "Terms with Yiddish translations"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "all style and no substance"
    },
    {
      "word": "economic substance"
    },
    {
      "word": "exosubstance"
    },
    {
      "word": "ground substance"
    },
    {
      "word": "mucosubstance"
    },
    {
      "word": "multisubstance"
    },
    {
      "word": "nanosubstance"
    },
    {
      "word": "Nissl substance"
    },
    {
      "word": "nonsubstance"
    },
    {
      "word": "perfluoroalkyl substance"
    },
    {
      "word": "polyfluoroalkyl substance"
    },
    {
      "word": "polysubstance"
    },
    {
      "word": "queen substance"
    },
    {
      "word": "substance dependence"
    },
    {
      "word": "substancehood"
    },
    {
      "word": "substanceless"
    },
    {
      "word": "substanceness"
    },
    {
      "word": "substance-wise"
    },
    {
      "word": "substantification"
    },
    {
      "word": "substantify"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "substance"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English substance",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "substance"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French substance",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "substantia",
        "t": "substance, essence"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin substantia (“substance, essence”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "andweorc"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English andweorc",
      "name": "ncog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English substance, from Old French substance, from Latin substantia (“substance, essence”), from substāns, present active participle of substō (“exist”, literally “stand under”), from sub + stō (“stand”). Displaced native Old English andweorc.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "substances",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "substance (countable and uncountable, plural substances)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "holonyms": [
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "plenum"
    }
  ],
  "hyponyms": [
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "gas"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "liquid"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "solid"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "food"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "subsist"
    },
    {
      "word": "substantial"
    },
    {
      "word": "substantive"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1699, William Temple, Heads designed for an essay on conversations:",
          "text": "Study gives strength to the mind; conversation, grace: the first apt to give stiffness, the other suppleness: one gives substance and form to the statue, the other polishes it.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XXX, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume II, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 308:",
          "text": "His wasted hands were stretched out, and worked with a quick and convulsive motion, as if catching some small substances which kept eluding their grasp;...",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2013 July 20, “Welcome to the plastisphere”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:",
          "text": "Plastics are energy-rich substances, which is why many of them burn so readily. Any organism that could unlock and use that energy would do well in the Anthropocene. Terrestrial bacteria and fungi which can manage this trick are already familiar to experts in the field.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Physical matter; material."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "matter",
          "matter"
        ],
        [
          "material",
          "material"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:stuff"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "matter"
        },
        {
          "word": "stuff"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Physical matter; material.",
        "A form of matter that has constant chemical composition and characteristic properties."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "matter",
          "matter"
        ],
        [
          "material",
          "material"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:stuff",
        "en:homogeneous"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "matter"
        },
        {
          "word": "stuff"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1667, John Dryden, Annus Mirabilis: The Year of Wonders, 1666. […], London: […] Henry Herringman, […], →OCLC, (please specify the stanza number):",
          "text": "Heroic virtue did his actions guide, / And he the substance, not the appearance, chose.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "text": "1684-1690, Thomas Burnet, Sacred Theory of the Earth\nThis edition is the same in substance with the Latin."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1796, Edmund Burke, Letters on a Regicide Peace:",
          "text": "It is insolent in words, in manner; but in substance it is not only insulting, but alarming.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The essential part of anything; the most vital part."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "essential",
          "essential"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "crux"
        },
        {
          "word": "gist"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Some textile fabrics have little substance.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Substantiality; solidity; firmness."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "a man of substance",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Luke 15:13:",
          "text": "And there wasted his substance with riotous living.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "c. 1594 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Comedie of Errors”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:",
          "text": "Thy substance, valued at the highest rate, / Cannot amount unto a hundred marks.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1711 December 8 (Gregorian calendar), [Jonathan Swift], The Conduct of the Allies, and of the Late Ministry, in Beginning and Carrying on the Present War, 4th edition, London: […] John Morphew […], published 1711, →OCLC, page 26:",
          "text": "And as we have waſted our Strength and vital Subſtance in this profuſe manner, ſo we have ſhamefully miſapplied it to Ends at leaſt very different from thoſe for which we undertook the War, and often to effect others which after a Peace we may ſeverely repent.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Material possessions; estate; property; resources."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "substance abuse",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Drugs (illegal narcotics)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Drugs",
          "drug"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "dope"
        },
        {
          "word": "gear"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Philosophy",
        "en:Theology"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Ousia, essence; underlying reality or hypostasis in the philosophical sense."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "theology",
          "theology"
        ],
        [
          "philosophy",
          "philosophy"
        ],
        [
          "Ousia",
          "ousia"
        ],
        [
          "essence",
          "essence"
        ],
        [
          "reality",
          "reality"
        ],
        [
          "hypostasis",
          "hypostasis"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(theology, philosophy) Ousia, essence; underlying reality or hypostasis in the philosophical sense."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "lifestyle",
        "philosophy",
        "religion",
        "sciences",
        "theology"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsʌbstəns/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈsʌbstənts]",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-substance.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c6/En-us-substance.ogg/En-us-substance.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/En-us-substance.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʌbstəns"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ],
      "word": "substaunce"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "corporeity"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "body"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "mass"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "material"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "matter"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "stuff"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:substance",
      "word": "substance"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "sq",
      "lang": "Albanian",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "substancë"
    },
    {
      "code": "sq",
      "lang": "Albanian",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "lëndë"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "mādda",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "مَادَّة"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "nyutʻ",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "նյութ"
    },
    {
      "code": "ast",
      "lang": "Asturian",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "sustancia"
    },
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "maddə"
    },
    {
      "code": "ba",
      "lang": "Bashkir",
      "roman": "matdə",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "матдә"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "réčyva",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "рэ́чыва"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "substáncyja",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "субста́нцыя"
    },
    {
      "code": "bn",
      "lang": "Bengali",
      "roman": "podartho",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "পদার্থ"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "veštestvó",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "вещество́"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "substáncija",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "субста́нция"
    },
    {
      "code": "my",
      "lang": "Burmese",
      "roman": "drap",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "ဒြပ်"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "substància"
    },
    {
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "物質"
    },
    {
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "roman": "mat⁶ zat¹",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "物质"
    },
    {
      "code": "nan-hbl",
      "lang": "Chinese",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "物質"
    },
    {
      "code": "nan-hbl",
      "lang": "Chinese",
      "roman": "zh-min-nan",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "物质"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "物質"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "wùzhì",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "物质"
    },
    {
      "code": "wuu",
      "lang": "Wu Chinese",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "物質"
    },
    {
      "code": "wuu",
      "lang": "Wu Chinese",
      "roman": "⁸veq-tseq",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "物质"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "látka"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "substans"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "masse"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "substantie"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "substanco"
    },
    {
      "code": "et",
      "lang": "Estonian",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "aine"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "aine"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "materia"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "substance"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "substancia"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "nivtiereba",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "ნივთიერება"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Substanz"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Stoff"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "ousía",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ουσία"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "ousía",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "οὐσία"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "húlē",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ὕλη"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "hupóstasis",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ὑπόστασις"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "khómer",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "חומר \\ חֹמֶר"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "padārth",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "पदार्थ"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "vastu",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "वस्तु"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "anyag"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "tartalom"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "efni"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "zat"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "mianach"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "damhna"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "sostanza"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "busshitsu",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "物質"
    },
    {
      "code": "kk",
      "lang": "Kazakh",
      "roman": "zat",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "зат"
    },
    {
      "code": "km",
      "lang": "Khmer",
      "roman": "vŏətthoʼ",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "វត្ថុ"
    },
    {
      "alt": "物質",
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "muljil",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "물질"
    },
    {
      "code": "kmr",
      "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "made"
    },
    {
      "code": "ky",
      "lang": "Kyrgyz",
      "roman": "zat",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "зат"
    },
    {
      "code": "lo",
      "lang": "Lao",
      "roman": "sa sān",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "ສະສານ"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "substantia"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "materia"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "viela"
    },
    {
      "code": "lt",
      "lang": "Lithuanian",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "medžiaga"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "supstancija",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "супстанција"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "bahan"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "zat"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "matū"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "pūmatū"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "kiko"
    },
    {
      "code": "mn",
      "lang": "Mongolian",
      "roman": "bodis",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic"
      ],
      "word": "бодис"
    },
    {
      "code": "mn",
      "lang": "Mongolian",
      "roman": "bodas",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "Mongolian"
      ],
      "word": "ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "substans"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "masse"
    },
    {
      "code": "ang",
      "lang": "Old English",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "andweorc"
    },
    {
      "code": "ps",
      "lang": "Pashto",
      "roman": "mādá",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ماده"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "mâdde",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "ماده"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "substancja"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "substância"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "substanță"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "veščestvó",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "вещество́"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "substáncija",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "субста́нция"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "matérija",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "мате́рия"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "супста̀нца"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "Roman",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "supstànca"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "látka"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "snov"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "sustancia"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "ämne"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "substans"
    },
    {
      "code": "tg",
      "lang": "Tajik",
      "roman": "modda",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "модда"
    },
    {
      "code": "tt",
      "lang": "Tatar",
      "roman": "matdä",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "матдә"
    },
    {
      "code": "te",
      "lang": "Telugu",
      "roman": "padārthamu",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "పదార్థము"
    },
    {
      "code": "th",
      "lang": "Thai",
      "roman": "sà-sǎan",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "สสาร"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "madde"
    },
    {
      "code": "tk",
      "lang": "Turkmen",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "madda"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "rečovyná",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "речовина́"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "substáncija",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "субста́нція"
    },
    {
      "code": "ur",
      "lang": "Urdu",
      "roman": "māda",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "مادہ"
    },
    {
      "code": "ug",
      "lang": "Uyghur",
      "roman": "madda",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "ماددا"
    },
    {
      "code": "uz",
      "lang": "Uzbek",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "modda"
    },
    {
      "alt": "物質",
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "word": "vật chất"
    },
    {
      "code": "yi",
      "lang": "Yiddish",
      "roman": "materye",
      "sense": "physical matter; material — see also matter",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "מאַטעריע"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "ēutʻyun",
      "sense": "essential part",
      "word": "էություն"
    },
    {
      "code": "ast",
      "lang": "Asturian",
      "sense": "essential part",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "sustancia"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "sǎštnost",
      "sense": "essential part",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "същност"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "essential part",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "substància"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "essential part",
      "word": "實質"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "shízhì",
      "sense": "essential part",
      "word": "实质"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "essential part",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "podstata"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "essential part",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "substance"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "essential part",
      "word": "substans"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "essential part",
      "word": "hovedindhold"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "essential part",
      "word": "ydin"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "essential part",
      "word": "substanssi"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "essential part",
      "word": "olemus"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "essential part",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "substance"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "essential part",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "fond"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "essential part",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "substancia"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "arsi",
      "sense": "essential part",
      "word": "არსი"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "essential part",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Substanz"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "ousía",
      "sense": "essential part",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ουσία"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "ousía",
      "sense": "essential part",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "οὐσία"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "tókhen",
      "sense": "essential part",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "תוכן"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "viṣay vastu",
      "sense": "essential part",
      "word": "विषय वस्तु"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "essential part",
      "word": "lényeg"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "essential part",
      "word": "szubsztancia"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "kosshi",
      "sense": "essential part",
      "word": "骨子"
    },
    {
      "alt": "本質",
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "bonjil",
      "sense": "essential part",
      "word": "본질"
    },
    {
      "alt": "實質",
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "siljil",
      "sense": "essential part",
      "word": "실질"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "essential part",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "substantia"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "essential part",
      "word": "tino"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "essential part",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "substans"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "essential part",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "istota"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "essential part",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "substância"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "essential part",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "substanță"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "súščnostʹ",
      "sense": "essential part",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "су́щность"
    },
    {
      "code": "gd",
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "sense": "essential part",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "susbaint"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "essential part",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "sustancia"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "essential part",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "substans"
    },
    {
      "code": "th",
      "lang": "Thai",
      "roman": "jai-kwaam",
      "sense": "essential part",
      "word": "ใจความ"
    },
    {
      "code": "th",
      "lang": "Thai",
      "sense": "essential part",
      "word": "แก่นสาร"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "substantiality; solidity; firmness",
      "word": "rakenne"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "substantiality; solidity; firmness",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "substancia"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "substantiality; solidity; firmness",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "cerna"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "substantiality; solidity; firmness",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "miolo"
    },
    {
      "alt": "實體",
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "silche",
      "sense": "substantiality; solidity; firmness",
      "word": "실체"
    },
    {
      "alt": "本質",
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "bonjil",
      "sense": "substantiality; solidity; firmness",
      "word": "본질"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "substantiality; solidity; firmness",
      "word": "enjundia"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "imuštestvo",
      "sense": "material possessions",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "имущество"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "material possessions",
      "word": "資產"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "zīchǎn",
      "sense": "material possessions",
      "word": "资产"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "material possessions",
      "word": "財產"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "cáichǎn",
      "sense": "material possessions",
      "word": "财产"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "material possessions",
      "word": "formue"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "material possessions",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ],
      "word": "varat"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "material possessions",
      "word": "varallisuus"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "material possessions",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ],
      "word": "biens"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "material possessions",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ],
      "word": "bens"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "material possessions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Substanz"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "periousía",
      "sense": "material possessions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "περιουσία"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "ousía",
      "sense": "material possessions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "οὐσία"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "sampatti",
      "sense": "material possessions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "संपत्ति"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "sampatti",
      "sense": "material possessions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "सम्पत्ति"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "sampdā",
      "sense": "material possessions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "संपदा"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "material possessions",
      "word": "vagyon"
    },
    {
      "alt": "資產",
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "jasan",
      "sense": "material possessions",
      "word": "자산"
    },
    {
      "alt": "財產",
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "jaesan",
      "sense": "material possessions",
      "word": "재산"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "material possessions",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "formue"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "material possessions",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "majątek"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "material possessions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "riqueza"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "material possessions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "substanță"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "ves",
      "sense": "material possessions",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "вес"
    },
    {
      "code": "sa",
      "lang": "Sanskrit",
      "roman": "sampatti",
      "sense": "material possessions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "सम्पत्ति"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "material possessions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "sustancia"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "material possessions",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "resurs"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "veštestvo",
      "sense": "a form of matter with constant chemical composition and characteristic properties",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "вещество"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "a form of matter with constant chemical composition and characteristic properties",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "substancia"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "nivtiereba",
      "sense": "a form of matter with constant chemical composition and characteristic properties",
      "word": "ნივთიერება"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "padārth",
      "sense": "a form of matter with constant chemical composition and characteristic properties",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "पदार्थ"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "a form of matter with constant chemical composition and characteristic properties",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "damhna"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "a form of matter with constant chemical composition and characteristic properties",
      "word": "pūmatū"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "drugs",
      "word": "物質"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "wùzhì",
      "sense": "drugs",
      "word": "物质"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "dúpǐn",
      "sense": "drugs",
      "word": "毒品"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "drugs",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ],
      "word": "aineet"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "drugs",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "substancia"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "drugs",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Substanz"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "ousíes",
      "sense": "drugs",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ],
      "word": "ουσίες"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "mādak padārth",
      "sense": "drugs",
      "word": "मादक पदार्थ"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "drugs",
      "word": "szer"
    },
    {
      "alt": "麻藥",
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "mayak",
      "sense": "drugs",
      "word": "마약"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "drugs",
      "word": "narkotika"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "drugs",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "narkotika"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "drugs",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "stoff"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "drugs",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "substans"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "drugs",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "narkotyk"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "drugs",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "substância"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "drugs",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "drog"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "drugs",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "narcotic"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "veščestvó",
      "sense": "drugs",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "вещество́"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "drugs",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "substans"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "substance"
  ],
  "word": "substance"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "English verbs",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old French feminine nouns",
    "Old French lemmas",
    "Old French nouns",
    "Old French terms borrowed from Latin",
    "Old French terms derived from Latin",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Requests for review of Albanian translations",
    "Requests for review of Azerbaijani translations",
    "Requests for review of Bulgarian translations",
    "Requests for review of Dutch translations",
    "Requests for review of Esperanto translations",
    "Requests for review of Estonian translations",
    "Requests for review of Indonesian translations",
    "Requests for review of Interlingua translations",
    "Requests for review of Italian translations",
    "Requests for review of Lithuanian translations",
    "Requests for review of Middle English translations",
    "Requests for review of Persian translations",
    "Requests for review of Romanian translations",
    "Requests for review of Slovak translations",
    "Requests for review of Tibetan translations",
    "Requests for review of Turkish translations",
    "Requests for review of Welsh translations",
    "Requests for review of Yiddish translations",
    "Rhymes:English/ʌbstəns",
    "Rhymes:English/ʌbstəns/2 syllables",
    "Terms with Albanian translations",
    "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
    "Terms with Arabic translations",
    "Terms with Armenian translations",
    "Terms with Asturian translations",
    "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
    "Terms with Bashkir translations",
    "Terms with Belarusian translations",
    "Terms with Bengali translations",
    "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
    "Terms with Burmese translations",
    "Terms with Cantonese translations",
    "Terms with Catalan translations",
    "Terms with Czech translations",
    "Terms with Danish translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Esperanto translations",
    "Terms with Estonian translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with Galician translations",
    "Terms with Georgian translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Greek translations",
    "Terms with Hebrew translations",
    "Terms with Hindi translations",
    "Terms with Hokkien translations",
    "Terms with Hungarian translations",
    "Terms with Icelandic translations",
    "Terms with Indonesian translations",
    "Terms with Interlingua translations",
    "Terms with Irish translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Japanese translations",
    "Terms with Kazakh translations",
    "Terms with Khmer translations",
    "Terms with Korean translations",
    "Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
    "Terms with Lao translations",
    "Terms with Latin translations",
    "Terms with Latvian translations",
    "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
    "Terms with Macedonian translations",
    "Terms with Malay translations",
    "Terms with Mandarin translations",
    "Terms with Maori translations",
    "Terms with Middle English translations",
    "Terms with Mongolian translations",
    "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
    "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
    "Terms with Norwegian translations",
    "Terms with Old English translations",
    "Terms with Pashto translations",
    "Terms with Persian translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Romanian translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Sanskrit translations",
    "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
    "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
    "Terms with Slovak translations",
    "Terms with Slovene translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations",
    "Terms with Tajik translations",
    "Terms with Tatar translations",
    "Terms with Telugu translations",
    "Terms with Thai translations",
    "Terms with Tibetan translations",
    "Terms with Turkish translations",
    "Terms with Turkmen translations",
    "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
    "Terms with Urdu translations",
    "Terms with Uyghur translations",
    "Terms with Uzbek translations",
    "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
    "Terms with Welsh translations",
    "Terms with Wu translations",
    "Terms with Yiddish translations"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "substance"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English substance",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "substance"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French substance",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "substantia",
        "t": "substance, essence"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin substantia (“substance, essence”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "andweorc"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English andweorc",
      "name": "ncog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English substance, from Old French substance, from Latin substantia (“substance, essence”), from substāns, present active participle of substō (“exist”, literally “stand under”), from sub + stō (“stand”). Displaced native Old English andweorc.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "substances",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "substancing",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "substanced",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "substanced",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "substance (third-person singular simple present substances, present participle substancing, simple past and past participle substanced)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "style"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with rare senses",
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1873, Adeline Dutton Train Whitney, The Other Girls, page 335:",
          "text": "If life were nothing but what gets phrased and substanced, the world might as well be rolled up and laid away again in darkness.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1982, Dhupaty V. K. Raghavacharyulu, The Song of the Red Rose and Other Poems, page 78:",
          "text": "The calm ruminating / Reverie, substancing / Intellect into emotion, / Is shelter enough for love / Unhumiliated by faith.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To give substance to; to make real or substantial."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare, transitive) To give substance to; to make real or substantial."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsʌbstəns/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈsʌbstənts]",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-substance.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c6/En-us-substance.ogg/En-us-substance.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/En-us-substance.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʌbstəns"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ],
      "word": "substaunce"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "substance"
  ],
  "word": "substance"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old French feminine nouns",
    "Old French lemmas",
    "Old French nouns",
    "Old French terms borrowed from Latin",
    "Old French terms derived from Latin",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "substantiation"
    },
    {
      "word": "substantiel"
    },
    {
      "word": "substantif"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "substantia",
        "t": "substance, essence"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Latin substantia (“substance, essence”)",
      "name": "bor+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin substantia (“substance, essence”), from substāns, present active participle of substō (“exist”, literally “stand under”), from sub + stō (“stand”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "substances",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "substance f (plural substances)",
      "name": "fr-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "French 2-syllable words",
        "French countable nouns",
        "French entries with incorrect language header",
        "French feminine nouns",
        "French lemmas",
        "French nouns",
        "French terms borrowed from Latin",
        "French terms derived from Latin",
        "French terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Pages with 4 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Rhymes:French/ɑ̃s",
        "Rhymes:French/ɑ̃s/2 syllables"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "substance"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "substance",
          "#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/syp.stɑ̃s/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Fr-substance.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/98/Fr-substance.ogg/Fr-substance.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Fr-substance.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑ̃s"
    }
  ],
  "word": "substance"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old French feminine nouns",
    "Old French lemmas",
    "Old French nouns",
    "Old French terms borrowed from Latin",
    "Old French terms derived from Latin",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "substance"
          },
          "expansion": "English: substance",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: substance"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "substance"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French substance",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old French substance.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "substance",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
        "Middle English lemmas",
        "Middle English nouns",
        "Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
        "Middle English terms derived from Old French",
        "Middle English terms with quotations",
        "Pages with 4 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "God judges us according to our true essence, which he keeps inside himself, whole and safe, always.",
          "ref": "Mirabai Starr (2013) chapter 45, in Julian of Norwich: The Showings: A Contemporary Translation, Canterbury Press, published 2014, →ISBN, “Human Judgment”, page 111",
          "text": "God demyth vs vpon oure kyndely substance, whych is evyr kepte one in hym, hole and safe without ende;",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "essence"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "essence",
          "essence"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "substance"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old French feminine nouns",
    "Old French lemmas",
    "Old French nouns",
    "Old French terms borrowed from Latin",
    "Old French terms derived from Latin",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "substance"
          },
          "expansion": "French: substance",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: substance"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "substance",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Middle English: substance\nEnglish: substance",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Middle English: substance\nEnglish: substance"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "substantia"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin substantia",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin substantia.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "substance oblique singular or",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "substances",
      "tags": [
        "oblique",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "substance",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "substances",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "substance oblique singular, f (oblique plural substances, nominative singular substance, nominative plural substances)",
      "name": "fro-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old French",
  "lang_code": "fro",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "substantiel"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "most essential; substantial part"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "essential",
          "essential"
        ],
        [
          "substantial",
          "substantial"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "existence"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "existence",
          "existence"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "sostance"
    },
    {
      "word": "sustance"
    }
  ],
  "word": "substance"
}

Download raw JSONL data for substance meaning in All languages combined (49.1kB)

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/2013",
  "msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": bu̍t-chit vs. zh-min-nan",
  "path": [
    "substance"
  ],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "substance",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
  "msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'substance oblique singular or', originally 'substance oblique singular or f'",
  "path": [
    "substance"
  ],
  "section": "Old French",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "substance",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
  "msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'substance oblique singular or', originally 'substance oblique singular or f'",
  "path": [
    "substance"
  ],
  "section": "Old French",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "substance",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
  "msg": "suspicious related form tags ['feminine', 'canonical']: 'substance oblique singular or' in 'substance oblique singular, f (oblique plural substances, nominative singular substance, nominative plural substances)'",
  "path": [
    "substance"
  ],
  "section": "Old French",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "substance",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.