See ὕλη in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Krătŭ́los",
"word": "Κρᾰτῠ́λος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "hulaîos",
"word": "ὑλαῖος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "hūlḗeis",
"word": "ῡ̔λήεις"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "hūlobátēs",
"word": "ῡ̔λοβάτης"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "hayūl",
"word": "هَيُول"
},
{
"lang": "Christian Palestinian Aramaic",
"lang_code": "arc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ܗܝܠܐ"
},
{
"lang": "Classical Syriac",
"lang_code": "syc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "hūlā",
"word": "ܗܘܠܐ"
},
{
"lang": "Classical Syriac",
"lang_code": "syc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "hiyūlā",
"word": "ܗܝܘܠܐ"
},
{
"lang": "Classical Syriac",
"lang_code": "syc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "hīlā",
"word": "ܗܝܠܐ"
},
{
"lang": "Coptic",
"lang_code": "cop",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "hulē",
"word": "ϩⲩⲗⲏ"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-yl"
},
{
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "ýli",
"word": "ύλη"
},
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "hȳlē"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-yl"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "hyule",
"word": "հյուլե"
}
],
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "hiwłē",
"word": "հիւղէ"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "hyle"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "ylem"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "hyle"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "hyle"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "ylem"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "yle"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "hyle"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "ylem"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ylem"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "hayulâ",
"word": "هیولا"
}
],
"lang": "Classical Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "hayūlē",
"sense": "element; matter; stuff; substance",
"word": "هیولی"
},
{
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Hyles"
},
{
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "Hylesia"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sel-",
"4": "*swel-, *sel-",
"5": "firewood, wood, beam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swel-, *sel- (“firewood, wood, beam”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "silva",
"t": "forest"
},
"expansion": "Latin silva (“forest”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sill"
},
"expansion": "English sill",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "sile",
"t": "trough"
},
"expansion": "Latvian sile (“trough”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*swol-h₂-",
"t": "firewood"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swol-h₂- (“firewood”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*swelaną",
"t": "to burn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swelaną (“to burn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*sūliz",
"t": "beam, column"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sūliz (“beam, column”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*h₁ews-l-h₂",
"t": "firewood"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁ews-l-h₂ (“firewood”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmy",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Mycenaean Greek",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Traditionally derived from a Proto-Indo-European *swel-, *sel- (“firewood, wood, beam”), and compared with Latin silva (“forest”), English sill, Latvian sile (“trough”). Beekes rejects this theory, as well as theories connecting the word to ξῠ́λον (xŭ́lon, “wood”), and proposes two derivations, based on the original sense likely being \"firewood\":\n* From a Proto-Indo-European *swol-h₂- (“firewood”), an extension of *swel- (“to smoulder”); compare Proto-Germanic *swelaną (“to burn”), as well as perhaps Proto-Germanic *sūliz (“beam, column”).\n* From a Proto-Indo-European *h₁ews-l-h₂ (“firewood”), from *h₁ews- (“to burn, singe”); see there for more.\nPossibly related are the Mycenaean Greek names 𐀄𐀨𐀍 (u-ra-jo, “Hulaios”) and 𐀄𐀩𐀄 (u-re-u, “Hul(l)eus”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ῡ̔́λη",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "hū́lē",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ῡ̔́λης",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-1",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "First declension",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ῡ̔́λη",
"roman": "hū́lē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ῡ̔́λᾱ",
"roman": "hū́lā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "ὗλαι",
"roman": "hûlai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ῡ̔́λης",
"roman": "hū́lēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ῡ̔́λαιν",
"roman": "hū́lain",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ῡ̔λῶν",
"roman": "hūlôn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ῡ̔́λῃ",
"roman": "hū́lēi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ῡ̔́λαιν",
"roman": "hū́lain",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ῡ̔́λαις",
"roman": "hū́lais",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ῡ̔́λην",
"roman": "hū́lēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ῡ̔́λᾱ",
"roman": "hū́lā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ῡ̔́λᾱς",
"roman": "hū́lās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ῡ̔́λη",
"roman": "hū́lē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ῡ̔́λᾱ",
"roman": "hū́lā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ὗλαι",
"roman": "hûlai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ῡ̔́λης",
"2": "f",
"3": "first",
"head": "ῡ̔́λη"
},
"expansion": "ῡ̔́λη • (hū́lē) f (genitive ῡ̔́λης); first declension",
"name": "grc-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ῡ̔́λη",
"2": "ης"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 36 27 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 35 30 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wood, trees, forest"
],
"id": "en-ὕλη-grc-noun-QY9JT-4n",
"links": [
[
"wood",
"wood"
],
[
"trees",
"trees"
],
[
"forest",
"forest"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 47 22 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 44 25 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 36 27 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 35 30 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"timber, firewood"
],
"id": "en-ὕλη-grc-noun-lEUyfPlR",
"links": [
[
"timber",
"timber"
],
[
"firewood",
"firewood"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 36 27 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 35 30 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stuff, material, substance"
],
"id": "en-ὕλη-grc-noun-0c6ivQOc",
"links": [
[
"stuff",
"stuff"
],
[
"material",
"material"
],
[
"substance",
"substance"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"matter"
],
"id": "en-ὕλη-grc-noun-V1I~ZC9j",
"links": [
[
"matter",
"matter"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hy̌ː.lɛː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈy.li/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈi.li/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hy̌ː.lɛː/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈ(h)y.le̝/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈy.li/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈy.li/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈi.li/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"word": "ὕλη"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek 2-syllable words",
"Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Ancient Greek feminine nouns",
"Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Ancient Greek first-declension nouns",
"Ancient Greek lemmas",
"Ancient Greek nouns",
"Ancient Greek paroxytone terms",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "Krătŭ́los",
"word": "Κρᾰτῠ́λος"
},
{
"roman": "hulaîos",
"word": "ὑλαῖος"
},
{
"roman": "hūlḗeis",
"word": "ῡ̔λήεις"
},
{
"roman": "hūlobátēs",
"word": "ῡ̔λοβάτης"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "hayūl",
"word": "هَيُول"
},
{
"lang": "Christian Palestinian Aramaic",
"lang_code": "arc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ܗܝܠܐ"
},
{
"lang": "Classical Syriac",
"lang_code": "syc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "hūlā",
"word": "ܗܘܠܐ"
},
{
"lang": "Classical Syriac",
"lang_code": "syc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "hiyūlā",
"word": "ܗܝܘܠܐ"
},
{
"lang": "Classical Syriac",
"lang_code": "syc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "hīlā",
"word": "ܗܝܠܐ"
},
{
"lang": "Coptic",
"lang_code": "cop",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "hulē",
"word": "ϩⲩⲗⲏ"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-yl"
},
{
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "ýli",
"word": "ύλη"
},
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "hȳlē"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-yl"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "hyule",
"word": "հյուլե"
}
],
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "hiwłē",
"word": "հիւղէ"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "hyle"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "ylem"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "hyle"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "hyle"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "ylem"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "yle"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "hyle"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "ylem"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ylem"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "hayulâ",
"word": "هیولا"
}
],
"lang": "Classical Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "hayūlē",
"sense": "element; matter; stuff; substance",
"word": "هیولی"
},
{
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Hyles"
},
{
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "Hylesia"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sel-",
"4": "*swel-, *sel-",
"5": "firewood, wood, beam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swel-, *sel- (“firewood, wood, beam”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "silva",
"t": "forest"
},
"expansion": "Latin silva (“forest”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sill"
},
"expansion": "English sill",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "sile",
"t": "trough"
},
"expansion": "Latvian sile (“trough”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*swol-h₂-",
"t": "firewood"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swol-h₂- (“firewood”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*swelaną",
"t": "to burn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swelaną (“to burn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*sūliz",
"t": "beam, column"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sūliz (“beam, column”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*h₁ews-l-h₂",
"t": "firewood"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁ews-l-h₂ (“firewood”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmy",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Mycenaean Greek",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Traditionally derived from a Proto-Indo-European *swel-, *sel- (“firewood, wood, beam”), and compared with Latin silva (“forest”), English sill, Latvian sile (“trough”). Beekes rejects this theory, as well as theories connecting the word to ξῠ́λον (xŭ́lon, “wood”), and proposes two derivations, based on the original sense likely being \"firewood\":\n* From a Proto-Indo-European *swol-h₂- (“firewood”), an extension of *swel- (“to smoulder”); compare Proto-Germanic *swelaną (“to burn”), as well as perhaps Proto-Germanic *sūliz (“beam, column”).\n* From a Proto-Indo-European *h₁ews-l-h₂ (“firewood”), from *h₁ews- (“to burn, singe”); see there for more.\nPossibly related are the Mycenaean Greek names 𐀄𐀨𐀍 (u-ra-jo, “Hulaios”) and 𐀄𐀩𐀄 (u-re-u, “Hul(l)eus”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ῡ̔́λη",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "hū́lē",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ῡ̔́λης",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-1",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "First declension",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ῡ̔́λη",
"roman": "hū́lē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ῡ̔́λᾱ",
"roman": "hū́lā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "ὗλαι",
"roman": "hûlai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ῡ̔́λης",
"roman": "hū́lēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ῡ̔́λαιν",
"roman": "hū́lain",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ῡ̔λῶν",
"roman": "hūlôn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ῡ̔́λῃ",
"roman": "hū́lēi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ῡ̔́λαιν",
"roman": "hū́lain",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ῡ̔́λαις",
"roman": "hū́lais",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ῡ̔́λην",
"roman": "hū́lēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ῡ̔́λᾱ",
"roman": "hū́lā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ῡ̔́λᾱς",
"roman": "hū́lās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ῡ̔́λη",
"roman": "hū́lē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ῡ̔́λᾱ",
"roman": "hū́lā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ὗλαι",
"roman": "hûlai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ῡ̔́λης",
"2": "f",
"3": "first",
"head": "ῡ̔́λη"
},
"expansion": "ῡ̔́λη • (hū́lē) f (genitive ῡ̔́λης); first declension",
"name": "grc-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ῡ̔́λη",
"2": "ης"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"wood, trees, forest"
],
"links": [
[
"wood",
"wood"
],
[
"trees",
"trees"
],
[
"forest",
"forest"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"timber, firewood"
],
"links": [
[
"timber",
"timber"
],
[
"firewood",
"firewood"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"stuff, material, substance"
],
"links": [
[
"stuff",
"stuff"
],
[
"material",
"material"
],
[
"substance",
"substance"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"matter"
],
"links": [
[
"matter",
"matter"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hy̌ː.lɛː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈy.li/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈi.li/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hy̌ː.lɛː/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈ(h)y.le̝/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈy.li/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈy.li/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈi.li/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"word": "ὕλη"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ὕλη meaning in Ancient Greek (8.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Ancient Greek dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (ffdbfc3 and b9346a0). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.