See ru on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for ru meaning in All languages combined (30.3kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "en",
"3": "Russian",
"4": "Russian"
},
"expansion": "English Russian",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "ru",
"3": "русский",
"4": "ру́сский"
},
"expansion": "Russian ру́сский (rússkij)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "English <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"en\">Russian</i> or Russian <i class=\"Cyrl mention\" lang=\"ru\">ру́сский</i> (rússkij)",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "clipping of English Russian or Russian ру́сский (rússkij)",
"name": "clipping"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Most likely from clipping of English Russian or Russian ру́сский (rússkij)",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"10": "",
"2": "symbol",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "or",
"6": "",
"7": "or",
"8": "",
"9": "or",
"cat2": "",
"f1lang": "en",
"f1nolink": "",
"f2lang": "en",
"f2nolink": "",
"f3lang": "en",
"f3nolink": "",
"f4lang": "en",
"f4nolink": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"sc": "Latn",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ru",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ru",
"name": "mul-symbol"
}
],
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "symbol",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant target parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "ISO 639-1",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant target parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ISO 639-1 language code for Russian."
],
"id": "en-ru-mul-symbol-d0EcaSAZ",
"links": [
[
"language code",
"language code"
]
],
"qualifier": "international standards",
"raw_glosses": [
"(international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Russian."
]
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "nl",
"3": "ruw"
},
"expansion": "Dutch ruw",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "dum",
"3": "ruuch"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch ruuch",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "ru"
},
"expansion": "ru",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*rūh"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *rūh",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rūhwaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rūhwaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch ruw, from Middle Dutch ruuch, ru, from Old Dutch *rūh, from Proto-Germanic *rūhwaz. See the Dutch entry for more.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ruwe",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "ruwer",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruuste",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ru (attributive ruwe, comparative ruwer, superlative ruuste)",
"name": "af-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Afrikaans entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rough"
],
"id": "en-ru-af-adj--BHrXFbu",
"links": [
[
"rough",
"rough"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rof"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q14196 (afr)-Oesjaar-ru.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c5/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Oesjaar-ru.wav/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Oesjaar-ru.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c5/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Oesjaar-ru.wav/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Oesjaar-ru.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "adjectives"
},
"expansion": "ru",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Breton",
"lang_code": "br",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Breton entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"red"
],
"id": "en-ru-br-adj-sfUaUR8d",
"links": [
[
"red",
"red"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chk",
"2": "numeral"
},
"expansion": "ru",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chuukese",
"lang_code": "chk",
"pos": "num",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chuukese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chuukese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "chk",
"name": "Two",
"orig": "chk:Two",
"parents": [
"Numbers",
"All topics",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"two"
],
"id": "en-ru-chk-num-P8TM~nRY",
"links": [
[
"two",
"two#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"ordinal"
],
"word": "oruwen"
},
{
"word": "ruche"
},
{
"word": "rufoch"
},
{
"word": "rufou"
},
{
"word": "ruömön"
},
{
"word": "turu"
}
]
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "ru",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French ru",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "ru"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old French ru",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "riu"
},
"expansion": "riu",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "",
"4": "*rius"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *rius",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "rīvus",
"4": "",
"5": "brook, small stream"
},
"expansion": "Latin rīvus (“brook, small stream”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₃er-",
"3": "*-wós",
"alt1": "*h₃reyh₂-",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "to flow; to move, set in motion"
},
"expansion": "*h₃reyh₂- (“to flow; to move, set in motion”) + *-wós",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*h₃rih₂wós",
"pos": "from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*h₃reyh₂-</i> (“to flow; to move, set in motion”) + <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*-wós</i>"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃rih₂wós (from *h₃reyh₂- (“to flow; to move, set in motion”) + *-wós)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French ru, riu, from Vulgar Latin *rius, from Latin rīvus (“brook, small stream”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rih₂wós (from *h₃reyh₂- (“to flow; to move, set in motion”) + *-wós).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rus",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "ru m (plural rus)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "fr",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "fr:Landforms",
"parents": [
"Earth",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"small stream"
],
"id": "en-ru-fr-noun-im~onVs2",
"links": [
[
"stream",
"stream"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) small stream"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "ruisseau"
},
{
"word": "fleuve"
},
{
"word": "rivière"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʁy/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-ru.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/62/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-ru.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-ru.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/62/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-ru.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-ru.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Switzerland"
],
"text": "Audio (Switzerland)"
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gn",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ru",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Guaraní",
"lang_code": "gn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Guaraní entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"father"
],
"id": "en-ru-gn-noun-iKGIHwAl",
"links": [
[
"father",
"father"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "romanization",
"head": "",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "ru",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "る"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese romanizations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Rōmaji transcription of る"
],
"id": "en-ru-ja-romanization-YAfSGKdz",
"links": [
[
"Rōmaji",
"romaji"
],
[
"る",
"る#Japanese"
]
],
"tags": [
"Rōmaji",
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "ル"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese romanizations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Rōmaji transcription of ル"
],
"id": "en-ru-ja-romanization-m4N4uVGH",
"links": [
[
"Rōmaji",
"romaji"
],
[
"ル",
"ル#Japanese"
]
],
"tags": [
"Rōmaji",
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kab",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "ru",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Kabyle",
"lang_code": "kab",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kabyle entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to cry, shed tears"
],
"id": "en-ru-kab-verb-tyjRF0p~",
"links": [
[
"cry",
"cry"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "eru"
},
"expansion": "eru",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "poz-mly-pro",
"3": "*(h)Aru"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayic *(h)Aru",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "poz-mcm-pro",
"3": "*(h)aru"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Chamic *(h)aru",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "poz-msa-pro",
"3": "*(h)aru"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *(h)aru",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*(q)aʀuhu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(q)aʀuhu",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Shortened form of eru, from Proto-Malayic *(h)Aru, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *(h)aru, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *(h)aru, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(q)aʀuhu.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "رو",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "noun",
"3": "Jawi spelling",
"4": "رو"
},
"expansion": "ru (Jawi spelling رو)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "eru"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of eru"
],
"id": "en-ru-ms-noun-OVvDvc4Q",
"links": [
[
"eru",
"eru#Malay"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cemara"
},
{
"word": "چمارا"
},
{
"word": "eru"
},
{
"word": "ارو"
},
{
"word": "رو"
}
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ru/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ru"
},
{
"rhymes": "-u"
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"notr": "1"
},
"expansion": "ru",
"name": "cmn-pinyin"
}
],
"lang": "Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "rú"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hanyu Pinyin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mandarin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mandarin terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Nonstandard spelling of rú."
],
"id": "en-ru-cmn-romanization-wHMIgBXj",
"links": [
[
"rú",
"rú#Mandarin"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"nonstandard"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "rǔ"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hanyu Pinyin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mandarin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mandarin terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Nonstandard spelling of rǔ."
],
"id": "en-ru-cmn-romanization-fIfCihOZ",
"links": [
[
"rǔ",
"rǔ#Mandarin"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"nonstandard"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "rù"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hanyu Pinyin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mandarin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mandarin terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Nonstandard spelling of rù."
],
"id": "en-ru-cmn-romanization-jfVZHVxW",
"links": [
[
"rù",
"rù#Mandarin"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"nonstandard"
]
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nru",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ru",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Narua",
"lang_code": "nru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Narua entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "nru",
"name": "Animals",
"orig": "nru:Animals",
"parents": [
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chicken"
],
"id": "en-ru-nru-noun-gR64G50R",
"links": [
[
"chicken",
"chicken"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "gml",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ru",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "ru",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "rutt",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "ru",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rue",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruare",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruast",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruaste",
"tags": [
"definite",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"10": "ru",
"11": "or",
"12": "rue",
"13": "comparative",
"14": "ruare",
"15": "indefinite superlative",
"16": "ruast",
"17": "definite superlative",
"18": "ruaste",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "masculine and feminine",
"4": "ru",
"5": "neuter",
"6": "ru",
"7": "or",
"8": "rutt",
"9": "definite singular and plural"
},
"expansion": "ru (masculine and feminine ru, neuter ru or rutt, definite singular and plural ru or rue, comparative ruare, indefinite superlative ruast, definite superlative ruaste)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"uneven on the surface"
],
"id": "en-ru-nn-adj-xC4td6Cl",
"links": [
[
"uneven",
"uneven"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"raspy, hoarse"
],
"id": "en-ru-nn-adj-V4YZqmf0",
"links": [
[
"raspy",
"raspy"
],
[
"hoarse",
"hoarse"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sux",
"2": "romanization",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "ru",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ru",
"name": "sux-rom"
}
],
"lang": "Sumerian",
"lang_code": "sux",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "ru",
"word": "𒊒"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sumerian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sumerian romanizations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Romanization of 𒊒 (ru)"
],
"id": "en-ru-sux-romanization-0oqvaVj-",
"links": [
[
"𒊒",
"𒊒#Sumerian"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "رود",
"tr": "rud"
},
"expansion": "Persian رود (rud)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate with Persian رود (rud).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tly",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ru",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Talysh",
"lang_code": "tly",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Talysh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"river"
],
"id": "en-ru-tly-noun-X1qO2PE5",
"links": [
[
"river",
"river"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "to make cry",
"tags": [
"causative"
],
"word": "sru"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "beggar",
"word": "amentru"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ru (Tifinagh spelling ⵔⵓ)",
"name": "rif-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Tarifit",
"lang_code": "rif",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 25 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tarifit entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to cry, to weep"
],
"id": "en-ru-rif-verb-GUEKq-dl",
"links": [
[
"cry",
"cry"
],
[
"weep",
"weep"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to cry, to weep"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 25 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tarifit entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to complain"
],
"id": "en-ru-rif-verb-UR45tpRn",
"links": [
[
"complain",
"complain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to complain"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 25 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tarifit entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to secrete a liquid"
],
"id": "en-ru-rif-verb-KTuiho2c",
"links": [
[
"secrete",
"secrete"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, figuratively) to secrete a liquid"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"etymology_text": "Cognate to Mapeo dɔ́ɔ́ (\"fall, fall downwards\"), Owere dò (\"fall (as rain)\").",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yer",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "ru",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Tarok",
"lang_code": "yer",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tarok entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to fall (downwards)"
],
"id": "en-ru-yer-verb-JgdyYDpy",
"links": [
[
"fall",
"fall"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"forms": [
{
"form": "油",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "油"
},
"expansion": "ru • (油)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "油"
},
"expansion": "ru • (油)",
"name": "vi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "vi",
"name": "Sleep",
"orig": "vi:Sleep",
"parents": [
"Body",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to sing a lullaby",
"text": "hát ru",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Lull you, I lull you,\nWith the song of a lifetime.\nLull you, with a lullaby,\nResonating with eternity.",
"ref": "(Can we date this quote?), Văn Thành Nho (lyrics and music), “Đất nước lời ru [Our Land, a Lullaby]”",
"roman": "Cất lên từ ngàn đời.",
"text": "Ru con, mẹ ru con,\nTiếng ru cả cuộc đời.\nRu con lời ru,",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to sing (a baby) to sleep"
],
"id": "en-ru-vi-verb-lj39eXl7",
"links": [
[
"sing",
"sing"
],
[
"baby",
"baby"
],
[
"sleep",
"sleep"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[zu˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʐʊw˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɹʊw˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
]
},
{
"homophone": "du"
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "rày"
},
"expansion": "rày",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "ri"
},
"expansion": "ri",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "rứa"
},
"expansion": "rứa",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "sao"
},
"expansion": "sao",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "răng"
},
"expansion": "răng",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "rằng"
},
"expansion": "rằng",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Part of the r-series of demonstratives, along with rày, ri, rứa, sao, and potentially also răng, rằng.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "𠱋",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "particle",
"head": "",
"tr": "𠱋"
},
"expansion": "ru • (𠱋)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "𠱋"
},
"expansion": "ru • (𠱋)",
"name": "vi-particle"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "vi",
"name": "Sleep",
"orig": "vi:Sleep",
"parents": [
"Body",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"final particle used for negation or to form rhetorical questions"
],
"id": "en-ru-vi-particle-nAUd8b47",
"links": [
[
"final",
"final#English"
],
[
"particle",
"particle#English"
],
[
"negation",
"negation#English"
],
[
"rhetorical",
"rhetorical#English"
],
[
"question",
"question#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary, dated) final particle used for negation or to form rhetorical questions"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "đâu‘wherever’"
},
{
"word": "đây‘here’"
},
{
"word": "đấy‘there’"
},
{
"word": "nào‘whichever’"
},
{
"word": "này‘this’"
},
{
"word": "nọ‘that’"
},
{
"word": "bao‘to whatever extent’"
},
{
"word": "bây‘to this extent’"
},
{
"word": "bấy‘to that extent’"
},
{
"word": "sao‘however’"
},
{
"word": "vầy‘this way’"
},
{
"word": "vậy‘that way’"
},
{
"word": "đâuplace-what"
},
{
"word": "đâyplace-this"
},
{
"word": "đấyplace-that1"
},
{
"word": "đó(place-)that1"
},
{
"word": "kia(place-)that2"
},
{
"word": "nàowhat"
},
{
"word": "nầythis"
},
{
"word": "nấy"
},
{
"word": "ấythat1"
},
{
"word": "nọthat2"
},
{
"word": "Place"
},
{
"word": "attributive1n-"
},
{
"word": "ninìnày"
},
{
"word": "nớ"
},
{
"word": "nọ"
},
{
"word": "nào"
},
{
"word": "nominal2đ-"
},
{
"word": "đây"
},
{
"word": "đíđấy"
},
{
"word": "—"
},
{
"word": "đó"
},
{
"word": "đâu"
},
{
"word": "Mannerr-"
},
{
"word": "rirày"
},
{
"word": "rứa"
},
{
"word": "rusao3"
},
{
"word": "Extent 14b-"
},
{
"word": "bây"
},
{
"word": "bấy"
},
{
"word": "bao"
},
{
"word": "Extent 25v-"
},
{
"word": "vầy"
},
{
"word": "vậy"
},
{
"english": "being used attributively",
"word": "1 Originally can only follow a nominal"
},
{
"english": "this place; here",
"word": "hence nơi này"
},
{
"english": "where; no longer completely true in the modern language",
"word": "nơi nào. 2 Can be used on its own"
},
{
"english": "where; no longer completely true in the modern language",
"word": "is itself nominal"
},
{
"english": "here",
"word": "hence đây"
},
{
"english": "where; this much; where *C is nonspecific consonant",
"word": "đâu. 3 From earlier *C-raːw. 4 Placed before the head: bây nhiêu ()"
},
{
"english": "that much",
"word": "bấy nhiêu"
},
{
"english": "how much; this fast",
"word": "bao nhiêu. 5 Placed after the head: nhanh vầy ()"
},
{
"english": "that fast/so fast",
"word": "nhanh vậy"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sao"
},
{
"word": "đâu"
},
{
"word": "ư"
}
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[zu˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʐʊw˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɹʊw˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
]
},
{
"homophone": "du"
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mqs",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ru",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "West Makian",
"lang_code": "mqs",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "West Makian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "West Makian terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"neck"
],
"id": "en-ru-mqs-noun-8UiW2N6d",
"links": [
[
"neck",
"neck"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ru/"
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mww",
"2": "en",
"3": "roof"
},
"expansion": "English roof",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English roof (\"roof\").",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mww",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ru",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "White Hmong",
"lang_code": "mww",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "White Hmong entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"roof"
],
"id": "en-ru-mww-noun-0aDW9HB0",
"links": [
[
"roof",
"roof"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʈu˧/"
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Komi:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "koi",
"2": "ру"
},
"expansion": "Komi-Permyak: ру (ru)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Komi-Permyak: ру (ru)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kpv",
"2": "ру"
},
"expansion": "Komi-Zyrian: ру (ru)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Komi-Zyrian: ру (ru)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "udm",
"2": "ӝу"
},
"expansion": "Udmurt: ӝу (džu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Udmurt: ӝу (džu)"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "ru-",
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-prm-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rujas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rujas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruäs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rujasäs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruän",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rujasän",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rutäk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"caritive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rujastäk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"caritive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"consecutive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rujasla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"consecutive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rulän",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rujaslän",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruliś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rujasliś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rujasli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rujasin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruiś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rujasiś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruä",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rujasä",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruśań",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"egressive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rujasśań",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"egressive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rulań",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"approximative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rujaslań",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"approximative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruäʒ́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "rujasäʒ́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rujasti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-prm-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "stem",
"4": "*ru-"
},
"expansion": "*ru (stem *ru-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "urj-prm-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Permic",
"lang_code": "urj-prm-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Permic/ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"steam"
],
"id": "en-ru-urj-prm-pro-noun-Px8pREwJ",
"links": [
[
"steam",
"steam"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 91",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Permic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"temper"
],
"id": "en-ru-urj-prm-pro-noun-ypjoIheu",
"links": [
[
"temper",
"temper"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "nl",
"3": "ruw"
},
"expansion": "Dutch ruw",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "dum",
"3": "ruuch"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch ruuch",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "ru"
},
"expansion": "ru",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*rūh"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *rūh",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rūhwaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rūhwaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch ruw, from Middle Dutch ruuch, ru, from Old Dutch *rūh, from Proto-Germanic *rūhwaz. See the Dutch entry for more.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ruwe",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "ruwer",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruuste",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ru (attributive ruwe, comparative ruwer, superlative ruuste)",
"name": "af-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Afrikaans adjectives",
"Afrikaans entries with incorrect language header",
"Afrikaans lemmas",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Afrikaans terms with audio links"
],
"glosses": [
"rough"
],
"links": [
[
"rough",
"rough"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rof"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q14196 (afr)-Oesjaar-ru.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c5/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Oesjaar-ru.wav/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Oesjaar-ru.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c5/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Oesjaar-ru.wav/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Oesjaar-ru.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "adjectives"
},
"expansion": "ru",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Breton",
"lang_code": "br",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Breton adjectives",
"Breton entries with incorrect language header",
"Breton lemmas"
],
"glosses": [
"red"
],
"links": [
[
"red",
"red"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chk",
"2": "numeral"
},
"expansion": "ru",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chuukese",
"lang_code": "chk",
"pos": "num",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"ordinal"
],
"word": "oruwen"
},
{
"word": "ruche"
},
{
"word": "rufoch"
},
{
"word": "rufou"
},
{
"word": "ruömön"
},
{
"word": "turu"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chuukese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chuukese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Chuukese lemmas",
"Chuukese numerals",
"chk:Two"
],
"glosses": [
"two"
],
"links": [
[
"two",
"two#English"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "ru",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French ru",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "ru"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old French ru",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "riu"
},
"expansion": "riu",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "",
"4": "*rius"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *rius",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "rīvus",
"4": "",
"5": "brook, small stream"
},
"expansion": "Latin rīvus (“brook, small stream”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₃er-",
"3": "*-wós",
"alt1": "*h₃reyh₂-",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "to flow; to move, set in motion"
},
"expansion": "*h₃reyh₂- (“to flow; to move, set in motion”) + *-wós",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*h₃rih₂wós",
"pos": "from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*h₃reyh₂-</i> (“to flow; to move, set in motion”) + <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*-wós</i>"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃rih₂wós (from *h₃reyh₂- (“to flow; to move, set in motion”) + *-wós)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French ru, riu, from Vulgar Latin *rius, from Latin rīvus (“brook, small stream”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rih₂wós (from *h₃reyh₂- (“to flow; to move, set in motion”) + *-wós).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rus",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "ru m (plural rus)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "ruisseau"
},
{
"word": "fleuve"
},
{
"word": "rivière"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine nouns",
"French nouns",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"French terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"French terms inherited from Latin",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"French terms inherited from Vulgar Latin",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with archaic senses",
"French terms with audio links",
"fr:Landforms"
],
"glosses": [
"small stream"
],
"links": [
[
"stream",
"stream"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) small stream"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʁy/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-ru.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/62/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-ru.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-ru.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/62/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-ru.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-ru.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Switzerland"
],
"text": "Audio (Switzerland)"
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gn",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ru",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Guaraní",
"lang_code": "gn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Guaraní entries with incorrect language header",
"Guaraní lemmas",
"Guaraní nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"father"
],
"links": [
[
"father",
"father"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese non-lemma forms",
"Japanese romanizations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual script codes"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "romanization",
"head": "",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "ru",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "る"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Rōmaji transcription of る"
],
"links": [
[
"Rōmaji",
"romaji"
],
[
"る",
"る#Japanese"
]
],
"tags": [
"Rōmaji",
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "ル"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Rōmaji transcription of ル"
],
"links": [
[
"Rōmaji",
"romaji"
],
[
"ル",
"ル#Japanese"
]
],
"tags": [
"Rōmaji",
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kab",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "ru",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Kabyle",
"lang_code": "kab",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Kabyle entries with incorrect language header",
"Kabyle lemmas",
"Kabyle verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to cry, shed tears"
],
"links": [
[
"cry",
"cry"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "eru"
},
"expansion": "eru",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "poz-mly-pro",
"3": "*(h)Aru"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayic *(h)Aru",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "poz-mcm-pro",
"3": "*(h)aru"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Chamic *(h)aru",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "poz-msa-pro",
"3": "*(h)aru"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *(h)aru",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*(q)aʀuhu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(q)aʀuhu",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Shortened form of eru, from Proto-Malayic *(h)Aru, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *(h)aru, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *(h)aru, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(q)aʀuhu.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "رو",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "noun",
"3": "Jawi spelling",
"4": "رو"
},
"expansion": "ru (Jawi spelling رو)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "eru"
}
],
"categories": [
"Malay 1-syllable words",
"Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"Malay lemmas",
"Malay nouns",
"Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayic",
"Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Chamic",
"Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan",
"Malay terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Malay undefined derivations",
"Rhymes:Malay/ru",
"Rhymes:Malay/u"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of eru"
],
"links": [
[
"eru",
"eru#Malay"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ru/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ru"
},
{
"rhymes": "-u"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cemara"
},
{
"word": "چمارا"
},
{
"word": "eru"
},
{
"word": "ارو"
},
{
"word": "رو"
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"categories": [
"Hanyu Pinyin",
"Mandarin entries with incorrect language header",
"Mandarin non-lemma forms",
"Mandarin terms with redundant script codes"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"notr": "1"
},
"expansion": "ru",
"name": "cmn-pinyin"
}
],
"lang": "Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "rú"
}
],
"categories": [
"Mandarin nonstandard forms"
],
"glosses": [
"Nonstandard spelling of rú."
],
"links": [
[
"rú",
"rú#Mandarin"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"nonstandard"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "rǔ"
}
],
"categories": [
"Mandarin nonstandard forms"
],
"glosses": [
"Nonstandard spelling of rǔ."
],
"links": [
[
"rǔ",
"rǔ#Mandarin"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"nonstandard"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "rù"
}
],
"categories": [
"Mandarin nonstandard forms"
],
"glosses": [
"Nonstandard spelling of rù."
],
"links": [
[
"rù",
"rù#Mandarin"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"nonstandard"
]
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nru",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ru",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Narua",
"lang_code": "nru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Narua entries with incorrect language header",
"Narua lemmas",
"Narua nouns",
"nru:Animals"
],
"glosses": [
"chicken"
],
"links": [
[
"chicken",
"chicken"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "gml",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ru",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "ru",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "rutt",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "ru",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rue",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruare",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruast",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruaste",
"tags": [
"definite",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"10": "ru",
"11": "or",
"12": "rue",
"13": "comparative",
"14": "ruare",
"15": "indefinite superlative",
"16": "ruast",
"17": "definite superlative",
"18": "ruaste",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "masculine and feminine",
"4": "ru",
"5": "neuter",
"6": "ru",
"7": "or",
"8": "rutt",
"9": "definite singular and plural"
},
"expansion": "ru (masculine and feminine ru, neuter ru or rutt, definite singular and plural ru or rue, comparative ruare, indefinite superlative ruast, definite superlative ruaste)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"uneven on the surface"
],
"links": [
[
"uneven",
"uneven"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"raspy, hoarse"
],
"links": [
[
"raspy",
"raspy"
],
[
"hoarse",
"hoarse"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Permic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Permic lemmas",
"Proto-Permic nouns"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Komi:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "koi",
"2": "ру"
},
"expansion": "Komi-Permyak: ру (ru)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Komi-Permyak: ру (ru)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kpv",
"2": "ру"
},
"expansion": "Komi-Zyrian: ру (ru)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Komi-Zyrian: ру (ru)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "udm",
"2": "ӝу"
},
"expansion": "Udmurt: ӝу (džu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Udmurt: ӝу (džu)"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "ru-",
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-prm-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rujas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rujas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruäs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rujasäs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruän",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rujasän",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rutäk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"caritive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rujastäk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"caritive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"consecutive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rujasla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"consecutive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rulän",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rujaslän",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruliś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rujasliś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rujasli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rujasin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruiś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rujasiś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruä",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rujasä",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruśań",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"egressive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rujasśań",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"egressive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rulań",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"approximative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rujaslań",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"approximative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruäʒ́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "rujasäʒ́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rujasti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-prm-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "stem",
"4": "*ru-"
},
"expansion": "*ru (stem *ru-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "urj-prm-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Permic",
"lang_code": "urj-prm-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Permic/ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"steam"
],
"links": [
[
"steam",
"steam"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"temper"
],
"links": [
[
"temper",
"temper"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sux",
"2": "romanization",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "ru",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ru",
"name": "sux-rom"
}
],
"lang": "Sumerian",
"lang_code": "sux",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "ru",
"word": "𒊒"
}
],
"categories": [
"Sumerian entries with incorrect language header",
"Sumerian non-lemma forms",
"Sumerian romanizations"
],
"glosses": [
"Romanization of 𒊒 (ru)"
],
"links": [
[
"𒊒",
"𒊒#Sumerian"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "رود",
"tr": "rud"
},
"expansion": "Persian رود (rud)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate with Persian رود (rud).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tly",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ru",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Talysh",
"lang_code": "tly",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Talysh entries with incorrect language header",
"Talysh lemmas",
"Talysh nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"river"
],
"links": [
[
"river",
"river"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"categories": [
"Requests for pronunciation in Tarifit entries",
"Tarifit entries with incorrect language header",
"Tarifit lemmas",
"Tarifit verbs"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "to make cry",
"tags": [
"causative"
],
"word": "sru"
},
{
"english": "beggar",
"word": "amentru"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ru (Tifinagh spelling ⵔⵓ)",
"name": "rif-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Tarifit",
"lang_code": "rif",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Tarifit intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to cry, to weep"
],
"links": [
[
"cry",
"cry"
],
[
"weep",
"weep"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to cry, to weep"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Tarifit intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to complain"
],
"links": [
[
"complain",
"complain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to complain"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Tarifit intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to secrete a liquid"
],
"links": [
[
"secrete",
"secrete"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, figuratively) to secrete a liquid"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"etymology_text": "Cognate to Mapeo dɔ́ɔ́ (\"fall, fall downwards\"), Owere dò (\"fall (as rain)\").",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yer",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "ru",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Tarok",
"lang_code": "yer",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Tarok entries with incorrect language header",
"Tarok lemmas",
"Tarok verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to fall (downwards)"
],
"links": [
[
"fall",
"fall"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "en",
"3": "Russian",
"4": "Russian"
},
"expansion": "English Russian",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "ru",
"3": "русский",
"4": "ру́сский"
},
"expansion": "Russian ру́сский (rússkij)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "English <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"en\">Russian</i> or Russian <i class=\"Cyrl mention\" lang=\"ru\">ру́сский</i> (rússkij)",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "clipping of English Russian or Russian ру́сский (rússkij)",
"name": "clipping"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Most likely from clipping of English Russian or Russian ру́сский (rússkij)",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"10": "",
"2": "symbol",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "or",
"6": "",
"7": "or",
"8": "",
"9": "or",
"cat2": "",
"f1lang": "en",
"f1nolink": "",
"f2lang": "en",
"f2nolink": "",
"f3lang": "en",
"f3nolink": "",
"f4lang": "en",
"f4nolink": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"sc": "Latn",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ru",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ru",
"name": "mul-symbol"
}
],
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "symbol",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English links with redundant target parameters",
"ISO 639-1",
"Russian links with redundant target parameters",
"Translingual clippings",
"Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"Translingual lemmas",
"Translingual symbols",
"Translingual terms derived from English",
"Translingual terms derived from Russian",
"Translingual terms with redundant script codes"
],
"glosses": [
"ISO 639-1 language code for Russian."
],
"links": [
[
"language code",
"language code"
]
],
"qualifier": "international standards",
"raw_glosses": [
"(international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Russian."
]
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese particles",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Vietnamese terms with homophones",
"Vietnamese verbs",
"vi:Sleep"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"forms": [
{
"form": "油",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "油"
},
"expansion": "ru • (油)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "油"
},
"expansion": "ru • (油)",
"name": "vi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Requests for date",
"Vietnamese terms with quotations",
"Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to sing a lullaby",
"text": "hát ru",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Lull you, I lull you,\nWith the song of a lifetime.\nLull you, with a lullaby,\nResonating with eternity.",
"ref": "(Can we date this quote?), Văn Thành Nho (lyrics and music), “Đất nước lời ru [Our Land, a Lullaby]”",
"roman": "Cất lên từ ngàn đời.",
"text": "Ru con, mẹ ru con,\nTiếng ru cả cuộc đời.\nRu con lời ru,",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to sing (a baby) to sleep"
],
"links": [
[
"sing",
"sing"
],
[
"baby",
"baby"
],
[
"sleep",
"sleep"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[zu˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʐʊw˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɹʊw˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
]
},
{
"homophone": "du"
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese particles",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Vietnamese terms with homophones",
"vi:Sleep"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "rày"
},
"expansion": "rày",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "ri"
},
"expansion": "ri",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "rứa"
},
"expansion": "rứa",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "sao"
},
"expansion": "sao",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "răng"
},
"expansion": "răng",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "rằng"
},
"expansion": "rằng",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Part of the r-series of demonstratives, along with rày, ri, rứa, sao, and potentially also răng, rằng.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "𠱋",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "particle",
"head": "",
"tr": "𠱋"
},
"expansion": "ru • (𠱋)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "𠱋"
},
"expansion": "ru • (𠱋)",
"name": "vi-particle"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "particle",
"related": [
{
"word": "đâu‘wherever’"
},
{
"word": "đây‘here’"
},
{
"word": "đấy‘there’"
},
{
"word": "nào‘whichever’"
},
{
"word": "này‘this’"
},
{
"word": "nọ‘that’"
},
{
"word": "bao‘to whatever extent’"
},
{
"word": "bây‘to this extent’"
},
{
"word": "bấy‘to that extent’"
},
{
"word": "sao‘however’"
},
{
"word": "vầy‘this way’"
},
{
"word": "vậy‘that way’"
},
{
"word": "đâuplace-what"
},
{
"word": "đâyplace-this"
},
{
"word": "đấyplace-that1"
},
{
"word": "đó(place-)that1"
},
{
"word": "kia(place-)that2"
},
{
"word": "nàowhat"
},
{
"word": "nầythis"
},
{
"word": "nấy"
},
{
"word": "ấythat1"
},
{
"word": "nọthat2"
},
{
"word": "Place"
},
{
"word": "attributive1n-"
},
{
"word": "ninìnày"
},
{
"word": "nớ"
},
{
"word": "nọ"
},
{
"word": "nào"
},
{
"word": "nominal2đ-"
},
{
"word": "đây"
},
{
"word": "đíđấy"
},
{
"word": "—"
},
{
"word": "đó"
},
{
"word": "đâu"
},
{
"word": "Mannerr-"
},
{
"word": "rirày"
},
{
"word": "rứa"
},
{
"word": "rusao3"
},
{
"word": "Extent 14b-"
},
{
"word": "bây"
},
{
"word": "bấy"
},
{
"word": "bao"
},
{
"word": "Extent 25v-"
},
{
"word": "vầy"
},
{
"word": "vậy"
},
{
"english": "being used attributively",
"word": "1 Originally can only follow a nominal"
},
{
"english": "this place; here",
"word": "hence nơi này"
},
{
"english": "where; no longer completely true in the modern language",
"word": "nơi nào. 2 Can be used on its own"
},
{
"english": "where; no longer completely true in the modern language",
"word": "is itself nominal"
},
{
"english": "here",
"word": "hence đây"
},
{
"english": "where; this much; where *C is nonspecific consonant",
"word": "đâu. 3 From earlier *C-raːw. 4 Placed before the head: bây nhiêu ()"
},
{
"english": "that much",
"word": "bấy nhiêu"
},
{
"english": "how much; this fast",
"word": "bao nhiêu. 5 Placed after the head: nhanh vầy ()"
},
{
"english": "that fast/so fast",
"word": "nhanh vậy"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese dated terms",
"Vietnamese literary terms"
],
"glosses": [
"final particle used for negation or to form rhetorical questions"
],
"links": [
[
"final",
"final#English"
],
[
"particle",
"particle#English"
],
[
"negation",
"negation#English"
],
[
"rhetorical",
"rhetorical#English"
],
[
"question",
"question#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary, dated) final particle used for negation or to form rhetorical questions"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sao"
},
{
"word": "đâu"
},
{
"word": "ư"
}
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[zu˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʐʊw˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɹʊw˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
]
},
{
"homophone": "du"
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mqs",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ru",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "West Makian",
"lang_code": "mqs",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"West Makian entries with incorrect language header",
"West Makian lemmas",
"West Makian nouns",
"West Makian terms in nonstandard scripts",
"West Makian terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"neck"
],
"links": [
[
"neck",
"neck"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ru/"
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mww",
"2": "en",
"3": "roof"
},
"expansion": "English roof",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English roof (\"roof\").",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mww",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ru",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "White Hmong",
"lang_code": "mww",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"White Hmong entries with incorrect language header",
"White Hmong lemmas",
"White Hmong nouns",
"White Hmong terms borrowed from English",
"White Hmong terms derived from English",
"White Hmong terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"roof"
],
"links": [
[
"roof",
"roof"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʈu˧/"
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: Tifinagh spelling ⵔⵓ",
"path": [
"ru"
],
"section": "Tarifit",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ru",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.