See ru in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"forms": [
{
"form": "油",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "油"
},
"expansion": "ru • (油)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "油"
},
"expansion": "ru • (油)",
"name": "vi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ru hời"
},
{
"word": "ru ngủ"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to sing a lullaby",
"text": "hát ru",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Lull you, I lull you,\nWith the song of a lifetime.\nLull you, with a lullaby,\nResonating with eternity.",
"ref": "(Can we date this quote?), Văn Thành Nho (lyrics and music), “Đất nước lời ru [Our Land, a Lullaby]”:",
"text": "Ru con, mẹ ru con,\nTiếng ru cả cuộc đời.\nRu con lời ru,\nCất lên từ ngàn đời.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to sing (a baby) to sleep"
],
"id": "en-ru-vi-verb-lj39eXl7",
"links": [
[
"sing",
"sing"
],
[
"baby",
"baby"
],
[
"sleep",
"sleep"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[zu˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʐʊw˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɹʊw˧˧]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
"homophone": "du"
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Part of the r-series of demonstratives, along with rày, ri, rứa, sao, and potentially also răng, rằng.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "𠱋",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "particle",
"head": "",
"tr": "𠱋"
},
"expansion": "ru • (𠱋)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "𠱋"
},
"expansion": "ru • (𠱋)",
"name": "vi-particle"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 44",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "vi",
"name": "Sleep",
"orig": "vi:Sleep",
"parents": [
"Body",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"final particle used for negation or to form rhetorical questions"
],
"id": "en-ru-vi-particle-nAUd8b47",
"links": [
[
"final",
"final#English"
],
[
"particle",
"particle#English"
],
[
"negation",
"negation#English"
],
[
"rhetorical",
"rhetorical#English"
],
[
"question",
"question#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary, dated) final particle used for negation or to form rhetorical questions"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "Place"
},
{
"word": "attributive1n-"
},
{
"word": "ninìnày"
},
{
"word": "nầynây"
},
{
"word": "nấy"
},
{
"word": "nớ"
},
{
"word": "nọ(nó)"
},
{
"word": "nào"
},
{
"word": "nominal2đ-"
},
{
"word": "đây"
},
{
"word": "đấy(ấy)"
},
{
"word": "—"
},
{
"word": "đó"
},
{
"word": "đâu"
},
{
"word": "Mannerr-"
},
{
"word": "rirày"
},
{
"word": "rứa"
},
{
"word": "rusao3"
},
{
"word": "Extent 14b-"
},
{
"word": "bây"
},
{
"word": "bấy"
},
{
"word": "bao"
},
{
"word": "Extent 25v-"
},
{
"word": "vầy"
},
{
"word": "vậy"
},
{
"english": "being used attributively",
"word": "1 Originally can only follow a nominal"
},
{
"english": "this place; here",
"word": "hence nơi này"
},
{
"english": "where; no longer completely true in the modern language",
"word": "nơi nào. 2 Can be used on its own"
},
{
"english": "where; no longer completely true in the modern language",
"word": "is itself nominal"
},
{
"english": "here",
"word": "hence đây"
},
{
"english": "where; this much; where *C is nonspecific consonant",
"word": "đâu. 3 From earlier *C-raːw. 4 Placed before the head: bây nhiêu ()"
},
{
"english": "that much",
"word": "bấy nhiêu"
},
{
"english": "how much; this fast",
"word": "bao nhiêu. 5 Placed after the head: nhanh vầy ()"
},
{
"english": "that fast/so fast",
"word": "nhanh vậy"
},
{
"word": "Northern-Southern"
},
{
"word": "kia(cơ)"
},
{
"word": "kìa(cờ)"
},
{
"word": "Central"
},
{
"word": "tê"
},
{
"word": "tề"
},
{
"word": "6 Originally"
},
{
"word": "these demonstratives might have been used to assert that something is visible and"
},
{
"word": "or verifiable. They have been bleached quite thoroughly and currently are usually used like other distal demonstratives. The biggest trace of their evidentiality might be in their usage as final particles"
},
{
"word": "often in reduced forms cơ"
},
{
"word": "cờ: [t]ừ đấy về tới Hà Nội"
},
{
"english": "From there to Hanoi, there're still three more bridges to cross!",
"taxonomic": "Ba ngày luân lạc",
"word": "còn những ba cái cầu nữa cơ mà! ()"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sao"
},
{
"word": "đâu"
},
{
"word": "ư"
}
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[zu˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʐʊw˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɹʊw˧˧]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
"homophone": "du"
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 19 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese particles",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Vietnamese terms with homophones",
"Vietnamese verbs",
"vi:Sleep"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ru hời"
},
{
"word": "ru ngủ"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"forms": [
{
"form": "油",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "油"
},
"expansion": "ru • (油)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "油"
},
"expansion": "ru • (油)",
"name": "vi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Requests for date",
"Vietnamese terms with quotations",
"Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to sing a lullaby",
"text": "hát ru",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Lull you, I lull you,\nWith the song of a lifetime.\nLull you, with a lullaby,\nResonating with eternity.",
"ref": "(Can we date this quote?), Văn Thành Nho (lyrics and music), “Đất nước lời ru [Our Land, a Lullaby]”:",
"text": "Ru con, mẹ ru con,\nTiếng ru cả cuộc đời.\nRu con lời ru,\nCất lên từ ngàn đời.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to sing (a baby) to sleep"
],
"links": [
[
"sing",
"sing"
],
[
"baby",
"baby"
],
[
"sleep",
"sleep"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[zu˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʐʊw˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɹʊw˧˧]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
"homophone": "du"
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 19 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese particles",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Vietnamese terms with homophones",
"vi:Sleep"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Part of the r-series of demonstratives, along with rày, ri, rứa, sao, and potentially also răng, rằng.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "𠱋",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "particle",
"head": "",
"tr": "𠱋"
},
"expansion": "ru • (𠱋)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "𠱋"
},
"expansion": "ru • (𠱋)",
"name": "vi-particle"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "particle",
"related": [
{
"word": "Place"
},
{
"word": "attributive1n-"
},
{
"word": "ninìnày"
},
{
"word": "nầynây"
},
{
"word": "nấy"
},
{
"word": "nớ"
},
{
"word": "nọ(nó)"
},
{
"word": "nào"
},
{
"word": "nominal2đ-"
},
{
"word": "đây"
},
{
"word": "đấy(ấy)"
},
{
"word": "—"
},
{
"word": "đó"
},
{
"word": "đâu"
},
{
"word": "Mannerr-"
},
{
"word": "rirày"
},
{
"word": "rứa"
},
{
"word": "rusao3"
},
{
"word": "Extent 14b-"
},
{
"word": "bây"
},
{
"word": "bấy"
},
{
"word": "bao"
},
{
"word": "Extent 25v-"
},
{
"word": "vầy"
},
{
"word": "vậy"
},
{
"english": "being used attributively",
"word": "1 Originally can only follow a nominal"
},
{
"english": "this place; here",
"word": "hence nơi này"
},
{
"english": "where; no longer completely true in the modern language",
"word": "nơi nào. 2 Can be used on its own"
},
{
"english": "where; no longer completely true in the modern language",
"word": "is itself nominal"
},
{
"english": "here",
"word": "hence đây"
},
{
"english": "where; this much; where *C is nonspecific consonant",
"word": "đâu. 3 From earlier *C-raːw. 4 Placed before the head: bây nhiêu ()"
},
{
"english": "that much",
"word": "bấy nhiêu"
},
{
"english": "how much; this fast",
"word": "bao nhiêu. 5 Placed after the head: nhanh vầy ()"
},
{
"english": "that fast/so fast",
"word": "nhanh vậy"
},
{
"word": "Northern-Southern"
},
{
"word": "kia(cơ)"
},
{
"word": "kìa(cờ)"
},
{
"word": "Central"
},
{
"word": "tê"
},
{
"word": "tề"
},
{
"word": "6 Originally"
},
{
"word": "these demonstratives might have been used to assert that something is visible and"
},
{
"word": "or verifiable. They have been bleached quite thoroughly and currently are usually used like other distal demonstratives. The biggest trace of their evidentiality might be in their usage as final particles"
},
{
"word": "often in reduced forms cơ"
},
{
"word": "cờ: [t]ừ đấy về tới Hà Nội"
},
{
"english": "From there to Hanoi, there're still three more bridges to cross!",
"taxonomic": "Ba ngày luân lạc",
"word": "còn những ba cái cầu nữa cơ mà! ()"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese dated terms",
"Vietnamese literary terms"
],
"glosses": [
"final particle used for negation or to form rhetorical questions"
],
"links": [
[
"final",
"final#English"
],
[
"particle",
"particle#English"
],
[
"negation",
"negation#English"
],
[
"rhetorical",
"rhetorical#English"
],
[
"question",
"question#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary, dated) final particle used for negation or to form rhetorical questions"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sao"
},
{
"word": "đâu"
},
{
"word": "ư"
}
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[zu˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʐʊw˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɹʊw˧˧]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
"homophone": "du"
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ru meaning in Vietnamese (4.9kB)
{
"called_from": "linkages/674",
"msg": "parenthesized number but there is no sense with such index: 1943",
"path": [
"ru"
],
"section": "Vietnamese",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "ru",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Vietnamese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (95d2be1 and 64224ec). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.