See rula on Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cs-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rulám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rulu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rulo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rulách",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rulou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rulami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "rula f",
"name": "cs-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"name": "cs-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "cs",
"name": "Rocks",
"orig": "cs:Rocks",
"parents": [
"Geology",
"Natural materials",
"Earth sciences",
"Materials",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"Manufacturing",
"All topics",
"Human activity",
"Fundamental",
"Human behaviour",
"Human"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"gneiss"
],
"id": "en-rula-cs-noun-1UmlbtmQ",
"links": [
[
"gneiss",
"gneiss"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈrula]"
}
],
"word": "rula"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "rull",
"3": "laud"
},
"expansion": "rull + laud",
"name": "compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Created as an artificial stem in the 1970s, originally as a compound word of rull + laud. The name was originally meant to be a product name, but became a generalised trademark.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rula",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rulad",
"tags": [
"partitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "et-decl-elu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "17/elu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "rula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rulad",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rulad",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rulad",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rulade",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rulasid",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rulla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rulasse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruladesse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rulas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rulades",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rulast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruladest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rulale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruladele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rulal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruladel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rulalt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruladelt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rulaks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruladeks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rulani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruladeni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "rulana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruladena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rulata",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruladeta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rulaga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruladega",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"10": "",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "genitive",
"4": "rula",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "partitive",
"8": "rulad",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f1accel-form": "gen|s",
"f1request": "1",
"f2accel-form": "gen|s",
"f3accel-form": "par|s",
"f3request": "1",
"f4accel-form": "par|s",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "rula (genitive rula, partitive rulad)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rula",
"2": "rulad"
},
"expansion": "rula (genitive rula, partitive rulad)",
"name": "et-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rula"
},
"name": "et-decl-elu"
}
],
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Estonian elu-type nominals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Estonian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "rulatama"
}
],
"glosses": [
"skateboard"
],
"id": "en-rula-et-noun-JAb0blBs",
"links": [
[
"skateboard",
"skateboard"
]
]
}
],
"word": "rula"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ruliña"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl"
},
"expansion": "Onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "rola"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese rola",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "arrullar"
},
"expansion": "Spanish arrullar",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Onomatopoeic. Compare Portuguese rola and Spanish arrullar.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rulas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rola",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "rula f (plural rulas)",
"name": "gl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "arrolar"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "73 27",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "gl",
"name": "Birds",
"orig": "gl:Birds",
"parents": [
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "turtle dove (Streptopelia turtur)"
},
{
"text": "collared dove (Streptopelia decaocto)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dove"
],
"id": "en-rula-gl-noun-GEySZoEX",
"links": [
[
"dove",
"dove"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 88",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 90",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Galician onomatopoeias",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I love you, my darling",
"text": "Ámote, miña rula",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"darling"
],
"id": "en-rula-gl-noun--2Cb3N7O",
"links": [
[
"darling",
"darling"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈrulɐ]"
}
],
"word": "rula"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ha",
"2": "en",
"3": "ruler"
},
"expansion": "English ruler",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English ruler.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "r̃ūlā̀",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "r̃ūlōlī",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "r̃ūlàr̃",
"tags": [
"possessed-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "r̃ūlā̀",
"3": "r̃ūlōlī"
},
"expansion": "r̃ūlā̀ f (plural r̃ūlōlī, possessed form r̃ūlàr̃)",
"name": "ha-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Hausa",
"lang_code": "ha",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hausa entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ruler (measuring device)"
],
"id": "en-rula-ha-noun-ZShllAdj",
"links": [
[
"ruler",
"ruler"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rúː.làː/"
},
{
"ipa": "[rúː.làː]",
"note": "Standard Kano Hausa"
}
],
"word": "rula"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "rouler"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French rouler",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French rouler.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "a rula 1st conjugation",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "rulează",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rulat",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "conjugation-1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-conj-a-ez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a rula",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rulând",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "rulat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rulez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rulezi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rulează",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rulăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rulați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rulează",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rulam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rulai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rula",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rulam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rulați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rulau",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rulai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rulași",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rulă",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rularăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rularăți",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rulară",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rulasem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rulaseși",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rulase",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rulaserăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rulaserăți",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rulaseră",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "să rulez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să rulezi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să ruleze",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "să rulăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să rulați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să ruleze",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rulează",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rulați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nu rula",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nu rulați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rulează",
"2": "rulat",
"conj": "1"
},
"expansion": "a rula (third-person singular present rulează, past participle rulat) 1st conjugation",
"name": "ro-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rul"
},
"name": "ro-conj-a-ez"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "roti"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rostogoli"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to roll"
],
"id": "en-rula-ro-verb-6r1jmsPA",
"links": [
[
"roll",
"roll"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 58 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 56 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian verbs in 1st conjugation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to roll up"
],
"id": "en-rula-ro-verb-6fYVmSlU",
"links": [
[
"roll up",
"roll up"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to circulate"
],
"id": "en-rula-ro-verb-CcpJdEFz",
"links": [
[
"circulate",
"circulate"
]
]
}
],
"word": "rula"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "rula",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 7 4 13 4 62 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 5 2 8 2 75 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "81 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rular"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rular:",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-rula-es-verb-kgGUwv-s",
"links": [
[
"rular",
"rular#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rular"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rular:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-rula-es-verb-wUNHNVzp",
"links": [
[
"rular",
"rular#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "rula"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "en",
"3": "ruler"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English ruler",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English ruler.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rula class IX",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "rula class X",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n"
},
"expansion": "rula class IX (plural rula class X)",
"name": "sw-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swahili entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "sw",
"name": "Measuring instruments",
"orig": "sw:Measuring instruments",
"parents": [
"Tools",
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "sw",
"name": "Stationery",
"orig": "sw:Stationery",
"parents": [
"Tools",
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ruler (measuring or drawing device)"
],
"id": "en-rula-sw-noun-T-j6W1Dx",
"links": [
[
"ruler",
"ruler"
]
],
"wikipedia": [
"sw:rula"
]
}
],
"word": "rula"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tpi",
"2": "en",
"3": "ruler"
},
"expansion": "English ruler",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English ruler.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tpi",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "rula",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"lang_code": "tpi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tok Pisin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ruler (tool)"
],
"id": "en-rula-tpi-noun-dQ6MMKf1",
"links": [
[
"ruler",
"ruler"
]
]
}
],
"word": "rula"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cs-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rulám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rulu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rulo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rulách",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rulou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rulami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "rula f",
"name": "cs-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"name": "cs-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"Czech feminine nouns",
"Czech hard feminine nouns",
"Czech lemmas",
"Czech nouns",
"Czech terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"cs:Rocks"
],
"glosses": [
"gneiss"
],
"links": [
[
"gneiss",
"gneiss"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈrula]"
}
],
"word": "rula"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "rulatama"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "rull",
"3": "laud"
},
"expansion": "rull + laud",
"name": "compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Created as an artificial stem in the 1970s, originally as a compound word of rull + laud. The name was originally meant to be a product name, but became a generalised trademark.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rula",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rulad",
"tags": [
"partitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "et-decl-elu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "17/elu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "rula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rulad",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rulad",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rulad",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rulade",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rulasid",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rulla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rulasse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruladesse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rulas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rulades",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rulast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruladest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rulale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruladele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rulal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruladel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rulalt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruladelt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rulaks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruladeks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rulani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruladeni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "rulana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruladena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rulata",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruladeta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rulaga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruladega",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"10": "",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "genitive",
"4": "rula",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "partitive",
"8": "rulad",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f1accel-form": "gen|s",
"f1request": "1",
"f2accel-form": "gen|s",
"f3accel-form": "par|s",
"f3request": "1",
"f4accel-form": "par|s",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "rula (genitive rula, partitive rulad)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rula",
"2": "rulad"
},
"expansion": "rula (genitive rula, partitive rulad)",
"name": "et-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rula"
},
"name": "et-decl-elu"
}
],
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Estonian compound terms",
"Estonian elu-type nominals",
"Estonian entries with incorrect language header",
"Estonian lemmas",
"Estonian nouns",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"skateboard"
],
"links": [
[
"skateboard",
"skateboard"
]
]
}
],
"word": "rula"
}
{
"categories": [
"Galician countable nouns",
"Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"Galician feminine nouns",
"Galician lemmas",
"Galician nouns",
"Galician onomatopoeias",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"gl:Birds"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ruliña"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl"
},
"expansion": "Onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "rola"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese rola",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "arrullar"
},
"expansion": "Spanish arrullar",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Onomatopoeic. Compare Portuguese rola and Spanish arrullar.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rulas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rola",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "rula f (plural rulas)",
"name": "gl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "arrolar"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "turtle dove (Streptopelia turtur)"
},
{
"text": "collared dove (Streptopelia decaocto)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dove"
],
"links": [
[
"dove",
"dove"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Galician terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I love you, my darling",
"text": "Ámote, miña rula",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"darling"
],
"links": [
[
"darling",
"darling"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈrulɐ]"
}
],
"word": "rula"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ha",
"2": "en",
"3": "ruler"
},
"expansion": "English ruler",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English ruler.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "r̃ūlā̀",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "r̃ūlōlī",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "r̃ūlàr̃",
"tags": [
"possessed-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "r̃ūlā̀",
"3": "r̃ūlōlī"
},
"expansion": "r̃ūlā̀ f (plural r̃ūlōlī, possessed form r̃ūlàr̃)",
"name": "ha-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Hausa",
"lang_code": "ha",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Hausa entries with incorrect language header",
"Hausa feminine nouns",
"Hausa lemmas",
"Hausa nouns",
"Hausa terms borrowed from English",
"Hausa terms derived from English",
"Hausa terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"ruler (measuring device)"
],
"links": [
[
"ruler",
"ruler"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rúː.làː/"
},
{
"ipa": "[rúː.làː]",
"note": "Standard Kano Hausa"
}
],
"word": "rula"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian terms borrowed from French",
"Romanian terms derived from French",
"Romanian verbs",
"Romanian verbs in 1st conjugation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "rouler"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French rouler",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French rouler.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "a rula 1st conjugation",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "rulează",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rulat",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "conjugation-1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-conj-a-ez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a rula",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rulând",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "rulat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rulez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rulezi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rulează",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rulăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rulați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rulează",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rulam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rulai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rula",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rulam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rulați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rulau",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rulai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rulași",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rulă",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rularăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rularăți",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rulară",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rulasem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rulaseși",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rulase",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rulaserăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rulaserăți",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rulaseră",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "să rulez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să rulezi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să ruleze",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "să rulăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să rulați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să ruleze",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rulează",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rulați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nu rula",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nu rulați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rulează",
"2": "rulat",
"conj": "1"
},
"expansion": "a rula (third-person singular present rulează, past participle rulat) 1st conjugation",
"name": "ro-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rul"
},
"name": "ro-conj-a-ez"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "roti"
},
{
"word": "rostogoli"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to roll"
],
"links": [
[
"roll",
"roll"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to roll up"
],
"links": [
[
"roll up",
"roll up"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to circulate"
],
"links": [
[
"circulate",
"circulate"
]
]
}
],
"word": "rula"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish non-lemma forms",
"Spanish verb forms"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "rula",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rular"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rular:",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"rular",
"rular#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rular"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rular:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"rular",
"rular#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "rula"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "en",
"3": "ruler"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English ruler",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English ruler.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rula class IX",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "rula class X",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n"
},
"expansion": "rula class IX (plural rula class X)",
"name": "sw-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Swahili class IX nouns",
"Swahili entries with incorrect language header",
"Swahili lemmas",
"Swahili nouns",
"Swahili terms borrowed from English",
"Swahili terms derived from English",
"sw:Measuring instruments",
"sw:Stationery"
],
"glosses": [
"ruler (measuring or drawing device)"
],
"links": [
[
"ruler",
"ruler"
]
],
"wikipedia": [
"sw:rula"
]
}
],
"word": "rula"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tpi",
"2": "en",
"3": "ruler"
},
"expansion": "English ruler",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English ruler.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tpi",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "rula",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"lang_code": "tpi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Tok Pisin entries with incorrect language header",
"Tok Pisin lemmas",
"Tok Pisin nouns",
"Tok Pisin terms derived from English"
],
"glosses": [
"ruler (tool)"
],
"links": [
[
"ruler",
"ruler"
]
]
}
],
"word": "rula"
}
Download raw JSONL data for rula meaning in All languages combined (15.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.