See ail on Wiktionary
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"text": "What aileth thee, Hagar?",
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"ref": "2011, “Connubial bliss in America”, in The Economist:",
"text": "Not content with having in 1996 put a Defence of Marriage Act (DOMA) on the statue book, Congress has now begun to hold hearings on a Respect for Marriage Act. Defended, respected: what could possibly ail marriage in America?",
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"word": "vaivata"
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"sense": "to cause to suffer",
"word": "manquer"
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"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to cause to suffer",
"word": "faillir"
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"sense": "to cause to suffer",
"word": "weh tun"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to cause to suffer",
"word": "plagen"
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{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer",
"word": "affliggere"
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"sense": "to cause to suffer",
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"sense": "to cause to suffer",
"word": "трево́жить"
},
{
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{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "es",
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"sense": "to cause to suffer",
"word": "aquejar"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer",
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"ref": "1740, Samuel Richardson, Pamela; or, Virtue Rewarded:",
"text": "When he ails ever so little […] he is so peevish.",
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"(intransitive) To be ill; to suffer; to be troubled."
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"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bolen sǎm",
"sense": "to be ill",
"word": "болен съм"
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{
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"roman": "nerazpoložen sǎm",
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"_dis1": "0 100",
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"sense": "to be ill",
"word": "ziek zijn"
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"word": "sairastaa"
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{
"_dis1": "0 100",
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"lang": "French",
"sense": "to be ill",
"word": "être malade"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
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"lang": "French",
"sense": "to be ill",
"word": "souffrir"
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{
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"sense": "to be ill",
"word": "kränklich sein"
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"_dis1": "0 100",
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"sense": "to be ill",
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{
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"sense": "to be ill",
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"word": "kränkeln"
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"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "siukan",
"sense": "to be ill",
"word": "𐍃𐌹𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌽"
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"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "noséō",
"sense": "to be ill",
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},
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"_dis1": "0 100",
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"sense": "to be ill",
"word": "sirgt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "boleduva",
"sense": "to be ill",
"word": "боледува"
},
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"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "pt",
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"word": "estar doente/aflito"
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"roman": "bolétʹ",
"sense": "to be ill",
"word": "боле́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nedomogátʹ",
"sense": "to be ill",
"word": "недомога́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to be ill",
"word": "padecer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to be ill",
"word": "adolecer"
}
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"(obsolete) An ailment; trouble; illness."
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"roman": "bolka",
"sense": "An ailment; trouble; illness",
"word": "болка"
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"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bolest",
"sense": "An ailment; trouble; illness",
"word": "болест"
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"sense": "An ailment; trouble; illness",
"word": "vaiva"
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"tags": [
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"sense": "An ailment; trouble; illness",
"tags": [
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"sense": "An ailment; trouble; illness",
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"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English eyle",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "eyle"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle English eyle",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "eġle",
"4": "",
"5": "hideous, loathsome, hateful, horrid, troublesome, grievous, painful"
},
"expansion": "Old English eġle (“hideous, loathsome, hateful, horrid, troublesome, grievous, painful”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌿𐍃",
"3": "",
"4": "hard, difficult"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌿𐍃 (aglus, “hard, difficult”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English eyle, eile, from Old English eġle (“hideous, loathsome, hateful, horrid, troublesome, grievous, painful”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌿𐍃 (aglus, “hard, difficult”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ailer",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "more ail",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "ailest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "most ail",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er",
"2": "more"
},
"expansion": "ail (comparative ailer or more ail, superlative ailest or most ail)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Painful; troublesome."
],
"id": "en-ail-en-adj-2QudZReo",
"links": [
[
"Painful",
"painful"
],
[
"troublesome",
"troublesome"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Painful; troublesome."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/eɪl/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-ail.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ail.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ail.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ail.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ail.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪl"
},
{
"homophone": "ale"
}
],
"word": "ail"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "eile",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English eile",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "eile"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle English eile",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "eġl",
"4": "",
"5": "an ail; awn; beard of barley; mote"
},
"expansion": "Old English eġl (“an ail; awn; beard of barley; mote”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*agilō",
"4": "",
"5": "awn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *agilō (“awn”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Achel"
},
"expansion": "German Achel",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English eile, eyle, eiȝle, from Old English eġl (“an ail; awn; beard of barley; mote”), from Proto-Germanic *agilō (“awn”), related to *ahaz (“ear (of grain)”). Cognate with German Achel, Egel, Ägel.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ails",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ail (plural ails)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The awn of barley or other types of corn."
],
"id": "en-ail-en-noun-XyEsdhw9",
"links": [
[
"awn",
"awn"
],
[
"barley",
"barley"
],
[
"corn",
"corn"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ile"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/eɪl/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-ail.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ail.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ail.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ail.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ail.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪl"
},
{
"homophone": "ale"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Friedrich Kluge",
"John Francis Davis"
],
"word": "ail"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dlm",
"2": "la",
"3": "allium"
},
"expansion": "Latin allium",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin allium.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dlm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ail",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dalmatian",
"lang_code": "dlm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dalmatian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vegliot Dalmatian",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "dlm",
"name": "Alliums",
"orig": "dlm:Alliums",
"parents": [
"Amaryllis family plants",
"Root vegetables",
"Spices and herbs",
"Asparagales order plants",
"Flowers",
"Vegetables",
"Foods",
"Plants",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Lifeforms",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "dlm",
"name": "Spices and herbs",
"orig": "dlm:Spices and herbs",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "dlm",
"name": "Vegetables",
"orig": "dlm:Vegetables",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Plants",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Lifeforms",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"garlic"
],
"id": "en-ail-dlm-noun-QQJAhNLi",
"links": [
[
"garlic",
"garlic"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Vegliot) garlic"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "alj"
},
{
"word": "agl"
},
{
"word": "aill"
}
],
"tags": [
"Vegliot"
]
}
],
"word": "ail"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ht",
"2": "lay"
},
"expansion": "Haitian Creole: lay",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"fr\">l’ail</i>"
},
"expansion": "(from l’ail)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Haitian Creole: lay (from l’ail)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mfe",
"2": "lay"
},
"expansion": "Mauritian Creole: lay",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"fr\">l’ail</i>"
},
"expansion": "(from l’ail)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Mauritian Creole: lay (from l’ail)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mos",
"2": "lay"
},
"expansion": "Moore: lay",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"fr\">l’ail</i>"
},
"expansion": "(from l’ail)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Moore: lay (from l’ail)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old French",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "allium"
},
"expansion": "Latin allium",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French, from Latin allium.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ails",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "aulx",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "+",
"3": "aulx"
},
"expansion": "ail m (plural ails or aulx)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "fr",
"name": "Alliums",
"orig": "fr:Alliums",
"parents": [
"Amaryllis family plants",
"Root vegetables",
"Spices and herbs",
"Asparagales order plants",
"Flowers",
"Vegetables",
"Foods",
"Plants",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Lifeforms",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ail des ours"
},
{
"word": "ail sauvage"
},
{
"word": "alliacé"
},
{
"word": "ailler"
}
],
"glosses": [
"garlic"
],
"id": "en-ail-fr-noun-QQJAhNLi",
"links": [
[
"garlic",
"garlic"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/aj/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-Paris--ail.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4e/Fr-Paris--ail.ogg/Fr-Paris--ail.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Fr-Paris--ail.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-ail.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dd/Fr-ail.ogg/Fr-ail.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Fr-ail.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "aïe"
},
{
"homophone": "aille"
},
{
"homophone": "ailles"
},
{
"homophone": "aillent"
},
{
"homophone": "ails"
}
],
"word": "ail"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "sga",
"3": "ail",
"4": "",
"5": "boulder, rock"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish ail (“boulder, rock”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*ɸales-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ɸales-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pelis-, *pels-",
"4": "",
"5": "stone"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pelis-, *pels- (“stone”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish ail (“boulder, rock”), from Proto-Celtic *ɸales-, from Proto-Indo-European *pelis-, *pels- (“stone”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "aileach",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "aileacha",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ailche",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nominative",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "ail",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "aileacha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vocative",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "a ail",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "a aileacha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genitive",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "aileach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dative",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nominative",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "an ail",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "na haileacha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genitive",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "na haileach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "na n-aileacha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dative",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "leis an ail",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "don ail",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leis na haileacha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ail",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "n-ail",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hail",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"10": "",
"11": "nominative plural",
"12": "aileacha",
"13": "or",
"14": "ailche",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "genitive singular",
"4": "aileach",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f1request": "1",
"f4request": "1",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "ail f (genitive singular aileach, nominative plural aileacha or ailche)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "aileach",
"3": "~eacha",
"pl2": "ailche"
},
"expansion": "ail f (genitive singular aileach, nominative plural aileacha or ailche)",
"name": "ga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ga-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ail leachta"
},
{
"english": "headstone, monument",
"word": "ail in úir"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stone, rock"
],
"id": "en-ail-ga-noun-McMaRgtK",
"links": [
[
"stone",
"stone"
],
[
"rock",
"rock"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "aill"
},
{
"word": "ailt"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "oil"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/alʲ/"
}
],
"word": "ail"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ail",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "beer",
"word": "ale"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of ale (“beer”)"
],
"id": "en-ail-enm-noun-iicwidHO",
"links": [
[
"ale",
"ale#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "ail"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ail",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "hail",
"word": "hayle"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "43 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of hayle (“hail”)"
],
"id": "en-ail-enm-noun-ta1Bcbfv",
"links": [
[
"hayle",
"hayle#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "ail"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old French",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "la",
"3": "allium"
},
"expansion": "Latin allium",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French, from Latin allium.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "uncountable",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "-",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f2accel-form": "p",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "ail m (uncountable)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"pl": "-"
},
"expansion": "ail m (uncountable)",
"name": "nrf-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Jersey Norman",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norman entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nrf",
"name": "Spices and herbs",
"orig": "nrf:Spices and herbs",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"garlic"
],
"id": "en-ail-nrm-noun-QQJAhNLi",
"links": [
[
"garlic",
"garlic"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Jersey) garlic"
],
"tags": [
"Jersey",
"masculine",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"word": "ail"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "ail"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish: ail",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Irish: ail"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "ail"
},
"expansion": "Irish: ail",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: ail"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*ɸalos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ɸalos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pels-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pels-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Fels",
"t": "rock"
},
"expansion": "German Fels (“rock”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from Proto-Celtic *ɸalos, from Proto-Indo-European *pels-, *pelis- (“rock, cliff”), see also German Fels (“rock”).\nThe declension was not stable at the start of the Old Irish period, with a shift from an i-stem declension to a k-stem declension ongoing.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ailech",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ailich",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ail",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ail",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "aili",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ail",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ail",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "aili",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ail",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ail",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "aili",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "alo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ala",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ala",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "aile",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ail",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ailib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ailib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-k&g",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ail",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ailich",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "ailich",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ail",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ailich",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ailchea",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ailich",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ailich",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ailchea",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ailech",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ailech",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ailech",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ailich",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ailchib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ailchib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ail",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "n-ail",
"source": "mutation"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "nominative plural",
"14": "ailich",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "genitive",
"6": "ailech",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ail f (genitive ailech, nominative plural ailich)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "ailech",
"3": "ailich"
},
"expansion": "ail f (genitive ailech, nominative plural ailich)",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "al",
"g": "f"
},
"name": "sga-decl-i"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "ail+L",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "aili+H",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "ail+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "i-f",
"dat_du": "ailib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "ailib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "ail+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"dat_sg4": "",
"gen_du": "alo+H",
"gen_du2": "ala+H",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_du4": "",
"gen_du5": "",
"gen_pl": "aile+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_sg": "alo+H",
"gen_sg2": "ala+H",
"gen_sg3": "",
"gen_sg4": "",
"gen_sg5": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "ail+L",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "aili+H",
"nom_pl2": "",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "ail",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "ail+L",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "aili+H",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "ail",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "k",
"2": "ailich",
"3": "ailech",
"acc_pl": "ailchea",
"dat_pl": "ailchib",
"g": "f"
},
"name": "sga-decl-k&g"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "ailich+L",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "ailchea",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "ailich+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "k-f",
"dat_du": "ailchib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "ailchib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "ailich+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "ailech",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "ailech+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_sg": "ailech",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "ailich+L",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "ailich",
"nom_pl2": "",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "ail",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "ailich+L",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "ailchea",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "ail",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"rock"
],
"id": "en-ail-sga-noun-NQp3DA7J",
"links": [
[
"rock",
"rock"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"foundation"
],
"id": "en-ail-sga-noun-K9i3sNg-",
"links": [
[
"foundation",
"foundation"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/alʲ/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "ail"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "·ail",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "·ail",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "·n-ail",
"source": "mutation"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "verb form",
"3": "",
"head": "·ail"
},
"expansion": "·ail",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "·ail"
},
"expansion": "·ail",
"name": "sga-verb form"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 4 9 26 3 3 4 1 2 35 3 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 13 24 2 2 3 1 1 43 2 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 5 92",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "ailid"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person singular present indicative conjunct of ailid"
],
"id": "en-ail-sga-verb-G2Q1JrZ7",
"links": [
[
"ailid",
"ailid#Old_Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"conjunct",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/alʲ/"
}
],
"word": "ail"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "enm",
"3": "eilen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English eilen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "ang",
"3": "eġlan"
},
"expansion": "Old English eġlan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*aglijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *aglijan",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English eilen, from Old English eġlan, eġlian (“to trouble, afflict”), from Proto-West Germanic *aglijan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ails",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ailin",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ailt",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ailt",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"10": "ailt",
"2": "verbs",
"3": "third-person singular simple present",
"4": "ails",
"5": "present participle",
"6": "ailin",
"7": "simple past",
"8": "ailt",
"9": "past participle",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "ail (third-person singular simple present ails, present participle ailin, simple past ailt, past participle ailt)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ail (third-person singular simple present ails, present participle ailin, simple past ailt, past participle ailt)",
"name": "sco-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to trouble, afflict (of body or mind)"
],
"id": "en-ail-sco-verb-kXQAqJ6X",
"links": [
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
],
[
"afflict",
"afflict"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to hinder, prevent"
],
"id": "en-ail-sco-verb-UZ5Rq6gr",
"links": [
[
"hinder",
"hinder"
],
[
"prevent",
"prevent"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be ill"
],
"id": "en-ail-sco-verb-2Dla9qj0",
"links": [
[
"ill",
"ill"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/eːl/"
}
],
"word": "ail"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "wlm",
"3": "eil"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh eil",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*ėl"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *ėl",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*alyos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *alyos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂élyos",
"4": "",
"5": "other"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos (“other”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh eil, from Proto-Brythonic *ėl, from Proto-Celtic *alyos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos (“other”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ail",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ail",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ail",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hail",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"prothesis-h"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "ail (feminine singular ail, plural ail, not comparable)",
"name": "cy-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"name": "Welsh ordinal numbers",
"parents": [
"Ordinal numbers",
"Numbers",
"All topics",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "re-",
"word": "ail-"
},
{
"english": "re-",
"word": "eil-"
},
{
"english": "square root",
"word": "ail isradd"
},
{
"english": "a second",
"word": "eiliad"
},
{
"english": "even number",
"word": "eilrif"
},
{
"english": "second to none",
"word": "heb ail"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "the second floor",
"text": "yr ail lawr",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second"
],
"id": "en-ail-cy-adj-FjZ6rLZ6",
"links": [
[
"ordinal number",
"ordinal number"
],
[
"second",
"second"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ordinal number) second"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "eilfed"
},
{
"tags": [
"abbreviation"
],
"word": "2il"
}
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable",
"numeral",
"ordinal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ai̯l/"
},
{
"audio": "Cy-ail.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f5/Cy-ail.ogg/Cy-ail.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Cy-ail.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "ael (“eyebrow”) stripped-by-parse_pron_post_template_fn"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ai̯l"
}
],
"word": "ail"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "āl"
},
"expansion": "Old English: āl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: āl"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂eydʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ailą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ailą",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *ailą.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Neuter a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ail",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ailu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ail",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ailu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ailas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ailō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ailē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ailum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ailu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ailum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "*ail n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/ail",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Anglo-Frisian Germanic",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fire"
],
"id": "en-ail-gmw-pro-noun-3J8osS3R",
"links": [
[
"fire",
"fire"
]
],
"qualifier": "Anglo-Frisian Germanic",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Anglo-Frisian Germanic) fire"
],
"related": [
{
"english": "disease, sore",
"tags": [
"possibly"
],
"word": "aidlu"
},
{
"word": "ailid"
},
{
"word": "ailijan"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*ailid"
},
{
"word": "*fuir"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ail"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dlm",
"2": "la",
"3": "allium"
},
"expansion": "Latin allium",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin allium.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dlm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ail",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dalmatian",
"lang_code": "dlm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dalmatian entries with incorrect language header",
"Dalmatian lemmas",
"Dalmatian nouns",
"Dalmatian terms derived from Latin",
"Dalmatian terms inherited from Latin",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Vegliot Dalmatian",
"dlm:Alliums",
"dlm:Spices and herbs",
"dlm:Vegetables"
],
"glosses": [
"garlic"
],
"links": [
[
"garlic",
"garlic"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Vegliot) garlic"
],
"tags": [
"Vegliot"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "alj"
},
{
"word": "agl"
},
{
"word": "aill"
}
],
"word": "ail"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/eɪl",
"Rhymes:English/eɪl/1 syllable",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Gothic translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"en:Grains"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ailsome"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "eilen",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English eilen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "eilen"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle English eilen",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "eġlan"
},
"expansion": "Old English eġlan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*aglijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *aglijan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*aglijaną",
"t": "to trouble, vex"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *aglijaną (“to trouble, vex”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽",
"3": "",
"4": "to distress"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (agljan, “to distress”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English eilen, from Old English eġlan, eġlian (“to trouble, afflict”), from Proto-West Germanic *aglijan, from Proto-Germanic *aglijaną (“to trouble, vex”), cognate with Gothic 𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (agljan, “to distress”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ails",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ailing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ailed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ailed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ail (third-person singular simple present ails, present participle ailing, simple past and past participle ailed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Have some chicken soup. It's good for what ails you.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 21:17:",
"text": "What aileth thee, Hagar?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2011, “Connubial bliss in America”, in The Economist:",
"text": "Not content with having in 1996 put a Defence of Marriage Act (DOMA) on the statue book, Congress has now begun to hold hearings on a Respect for Marriage Act. Defended, respected: what could possibly ail marriage in America?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cause to suffer; to trouble, afflict. (Now chiefly in interrogative or indefinite constructions.)"
],
"links": [
[
"suffer",
"suffer"
],
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
],
[
"afflict",
"afflict"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cause to suffer; to trouble, afflict. (Now chiefly in interrogative or indefinite constructions.)"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1740, Samuel Richardson, Pamela; or, Virtue Rewarded:",
"text": "When he ails ever so little […] he is so peevish.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be ill; to suffer; to be troubled."
],
"links": [
[
"ill",
"ill"
],
[
"suffer",
"suffer"
],
[
"troubled",
"troubled"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To be ill; to suffer; to be troubled."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/eɪl/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-ail.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ail.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ail.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ail.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ail.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪl"
},
{
"homophone": "ale"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕaḏḏaba",
"sense": "to cause to suffer",
"word": "عَذَّبَ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "boli",
"sense": "to cause to suffer",
"word": "боли"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bezpokoi",
"sense": "to cause to suffer",
"word": "безпокои"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to cause to suffer",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "trápit"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to cause to suffer",
"word": "schelen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to cause to suffer",
"word": "mankeren"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to cause to suffer",
"word": "ĉagreni"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer",
"word": "vaivata"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to cause to suffer",
"word": "manquer"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to cause to suffer",
"word": "faillir"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to cause to suffer",
"word": "weh tun"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to cause to suffer",
"word": "plagen"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer",
"word": "affliggere"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to cause to suffer",
"word": "afligir"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "trevóžitʹ",
"sense": "to cause to suffer",
"word": "трево́жить"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bespokóitʹ",
"sense": "to cause to suffer",
"word": "беспоко́ить"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to cause to suffer",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "trápiť"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer",
"word": "aquejar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer",
"word": "afligir"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bolen sǎm",
"sense": "to be ill",
"word": "болен съм"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nerazpoložen sǎm",
"sense": "to be ill",
"word": "неразположен съм"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to be ill",
"word": "ziek zijn"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to be ill",
"word": "iets mankeren"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to be ill",
"word": "sukkelen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to be ill",
"word": "sairastaa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to be ill",
"word": "être malade"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to be ill",
"word": "souffrir"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be ill",
"word": "kränklich sein"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be ill",
"word": "leiden"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be ill",
"word": "krank sein"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be ill",
"word": "kränkeln"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "siukan",
"sense": "to be ill",
"word": "𐍃𐌹𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌽"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "noséō",
"sense": "to be ill",
"word": "νοσέω"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to be ill",
"word": "sirgt"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "boleduva",
"sense": "to be ill",
"word": "боледува"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to be ill",
"word": "estar doente/aflito"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to be ill",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "a boli"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bolétʹ",
"sense": "to be ill",
"word": "боле́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nedomogátʹ",
"sense": "to be ill",
"word": "недомога́ть"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to be ill",
"word": "padecer"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to be ill",
"word": "adolecer"
}
],
"word": "ail"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/eɪl",
"Rhymes:English/eɪl/1 syllable",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Gothic translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"en:Grains"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "eilen",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English eilen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "eilen"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle English eilen",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "eġlan"
},
"expansion": "Old English eġlan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*aglijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *aglijan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*aglijaną",
"t": "to trouble, vex"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *aglijaną (“to trouble, vex”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽",
"3": "",
"4": "to distress"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (agljan, “to distress”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English eilen, from Old English eġlan, eġlian (“to trouble, afflict”), from Proto-West Germanic *aglijan, from Proto-Germanic *aglijaną (“to trouble, vex”), cognate with Gothic 𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (agljan, “to distress”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ails",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ail (plural ails)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"An ailment; trouble; illness."
],
"links": [
[
"ailment",
"ailment"
],
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) An ailment; trouble; illness."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/eɪl/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-ail.wav",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪl"
},
{
"homophone": "ale"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bolka",
"sense": "An ailment; trouble; illness",
"word": "болка"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bolest",
"sense": "An ailment; trouble; illness",
"word": "болест"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "An ailment; trouble; illness",
"word": "vaiva"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "An ailment; trouble; illness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Krankheit"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "An ailment; trouble; illness",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Leiden"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "An ailment; trouble; illness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "liga"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "An ailment; trouble; illness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "enfermedad"
}
],
"word": "ail"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with homophones",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/eɪl",
"Rhymes:English/eɪl/1 syllable",
"en:Grains"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "enm",
"3": "eyle",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English eyle",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "eyle"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle English eyle",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "eġle",
"4": "",
"5": "hideous, loathsome, hateful, horrid, troublesome, grievous, painful"
},
"expansion": "Old English eġle (“hideous, loathsome, hateful, horrid, troublesome, grievous, painful”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌿𐍃",
"3": "",
"4": "hard, difficult"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌿𐍃 (aglus, “hard, difficult”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English eyle, eile, from Old English eġle (“hideous, loathsome, hateful, horrid, troublesome, grievous, painful”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌿𐍃 (aglus, “hard, difficult”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ailer",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "more ail",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "ailest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "most ail",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er",
"2": "more"
},
"expansion": "ail (comparative ailer or more ail, superlative ailest or most ail)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Painful; troublesome."
],
"links": [
[
"Painful",
"painful"
],
[
"troublesome",
"troublesome"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Painful; troublesome."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/eɪl/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-ail.wav",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪl"
},
{
"homophone": "ale"
}
],
"word": "ail"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with homophones",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/eɪl",
"Rhymes:English/eɪl/1 syllable",
"en:Grains"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "eile",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English eile",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "eile"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle English eile",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "eġl",
"4": "",
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},
"expansion": "Old English eġl (“an ail; awn; beard of barley; mote”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*agilō",
"4": "",
"5": "awn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *agilō (“awn”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Achel"
},
"expansion": "German Achel",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English eile, eyle, eiȝle, from Old English eġl (“an ail; awn; beard of barley; mote”), from Proto-Germanic *agilō (“awn”), related to *ahaz (“ear (of grain)”). Cognate with German Achel, Egel, Ägel.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ails",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ail (plural ails)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The awn of barley or other types of corn."
],
"links": [
[
"awn",
"awn"
],
[
"barley",
"barley"
],
[
"corn",
"corn"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/eɪl/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ail.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ail.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪl"
},
{
"homophone": "ale"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ile"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Friedrich Kluge",
"John Francis Davis"
],
"word": "ail"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "ail des ours"
},
{
"word": "ail sauvage"
},
{
"word": "alliacé"
},
{
"word": "ailler"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ht",
"2": "lay"
},
"expansion": "Haitian Creole: lay",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"fr\">l’ail</i>"
},
"expansion": "(from l’ail)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Haitian Creole: lay (from l’ail)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mfe",
"2": "lay"
},
"expansion": "Mauritian Creole: lay",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"fr\">l’ail</i>"
},
"expansion": "(from l’ail)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Mauritian Creole: lay (from l’ail)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mos",
"2": "lay"
},
"expansion": "Moore: lay",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"fr\">l’ail</i>"
},
"expansion": "(from l’ail)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Moore: lay (from l’ail)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "fro",
"3": "-",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old French",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "allium"
},
"expansion": "Latin allium",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French, from Latin allium.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ails",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "aulx",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "+",
"3": "aulx"
},
"expansion": "ail m (plural ails or aulx)",
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}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine nouns",
"French nouns",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms inherited from Latin",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with homophones",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"fr:Alliums"
],
"glosses": [
"garlic"
],
"links": [
[
"garlic",
"garlic"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/aj/"
},
{
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},
{
"homophone": "aïe"
},
{
"homophone": "aille"
},
{
"homophone": "ailles"
},
{
"homophone": "aillent"
},
{
"homophone": "ails"
}
],
"word": "ail"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "ail leachta"
},
{
"english": "headstone, monument",
"word": "ail in úir"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "sga",
"3": "ail",
"4": "",
"5": "boulder, rock"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish ail (“boulder, rock”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "cel-pro",
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},
{
"args": {
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"4": "",
"5": "stone"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pelis-, *pels- (“stone”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish ail (“boulder, rock”), from Proto-Celtic *ɸales-, from Proto-Indo-European *pelis-, *pels- (“stone”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "aileach",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "aileacha",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ailche",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nominative",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "ail",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "aileacha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vocative",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "a ail",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "a aileacha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genitive",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "aileach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dative",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nominative",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "an ail",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "na haileacha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genitive",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "na haileach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "na n-aileacha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dative",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "leis an ail",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "don ail",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leis na haileacha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ail",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "n-ail",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hail",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"10": "",
"11": "nominative plural",
"12": "aileacha",
"13": "or",
"14": "ailche",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "genitive singular",
"4": "aileach",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f1request": "1",
"f4request": "1",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "ail f (genitive singular aileach, nominative plural aileacha or ailche)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "aileach",
"3": "~eacha",
"pl2": "ailche"
},
"expansion": "ail f (genitive singular aileach, nominative plural aileacha or ailche)",
"name": "ga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ga-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "aill"
},
{
"word": "ailt"
}
],
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{
"categories": [
"Irish entries with incorrect language header",
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"Irish fifth-declension nouns",
"Irish lemmas",
"Irish nouns",
"Irish terms derived from Old Irish",
"Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Irish terms inherited from Old Irish",
"Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"stone, rock"
],
"links": [
[
"stone",
"stone"
],
[
"rock",
"rock"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/alʲ/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "oil"
}
],
"word": "ail"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ail",
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}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "beer",
"word": "ale"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of ale (“beer”)"
],
"links": [
[
"ale",
"ale#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "ail"
}
{
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"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ail",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "hail",
"word": "hayle"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of hayle (“hail”)"
],
"links": [
[
"hayle",
"hayle#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "ail"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old French",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "la",
"3": "allium"
},
"expansion": "Latin allium",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French, from Latin allium.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "uncountable",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "-",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f2accel-form": "p",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "ail m (uncountable)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"pl": "-"
},
"expansion": "ail m (uncountable)",
"name": "nrf-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Jersey Norman",
"Norman entries with incorrect language header",
"Norman lemmas",
"Norman masculine nouns",
"Norman nouns",
"Norman terms derived from Latin",
"Norman terms derived from Old French",
"Norman terms inherited from Latin",
"Norman terms inherited from Old French",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"nrf:Spices and herbs"
],
"glosses": [
"garlic"
],
"links": [
[
"garlic",
"garlic"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Jersey) garlic"
],
"tags": [
"Jersey",
"masculine",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"word": "ail"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish feminine nouns",
"Old Irish k-stem nouns",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish masculine or feminine i-stem nouns",
"Old Irish non-lemma forms",
"Old Irish nouns",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish verb forms",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "ail"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish: ail",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Irish: ail"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "ail"
},
"expansion": "Irish: ail",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: ail"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*ɸalos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ɸalos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pels-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pels-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Fels",
"t": "rock"
},
"expansion": "German Fels (“rock”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from Proto-Celtic *ɸalos, from Proto-Indo-European *pels-, *pelis- (“rock, cliff”), see also German Fels (“rock”).\nThe declension was not stable at the start of the Old Irish period, with a shift from an i-stem declension to a k-stem declension ongoing.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ailech",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ailich",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ail",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ail",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "aili",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ail",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ail",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "aili",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ail",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ail",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "aili",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "alo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ala",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ala",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "aile",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ail",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ailib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ailib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-k&g",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ail",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ailich",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "ailich",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ail",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ailich",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ailchea",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ailich",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ailich",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ailchea",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ailech",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ailech",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ailech",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ailich",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ailchib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ailchib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ail",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "n-ail",
"source": "mutation"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "nominative plural",
"14": "ailich",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "genitive",
"6": "ailech",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ail f (genitive ailech, nominative plural ailich)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "ailech",
"3": "ailich"
},
"expansion": "ail f (genitive ailech, nominative plural ailich)",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "al",
"g": "f"
},
"name": "sga-decl-i"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "ail+L",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "aili+H",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "ail+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "i-f",
"dat_du": "ailib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "ailib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "ail+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"dat_sg4": "",
"gen_du": "alo+H",
"gen_du2": "ala+H",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_du4": "",
"gen_du5": "",
"gen_pl": "aile+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_sg": "alo+H",
"gen_sg2": "ala+H",
"gen_sg3": "",
"gen_sg4": "",
"gen_sg5": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "ail+L",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "aili+H",
"nom_pl2": "",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "ail",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "ail+L",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "aili+H",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "ail",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "k",
"2": "ailich",
"3": "ailech",
"acc_pl": "ailchea",
"dat_pl": "ailchib",
"g": "f"
},
"name": "sga-decl-k&g"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "ailich+L",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "ailchea",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "ailich+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "k-f",
"dat_du": "ailchib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "ailchib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "ailich+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "ailech",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "ailech+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_sg": "ailech",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "ailich+L",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "ailich",
"nom_pl2": "",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "ail",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "ailich+L",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "ailchea",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "ail",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"rock"
],
"links": [
[
"rock",
"rock"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"foundation"
],
"links": [
[
"foundation",
"foundation"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/alʲ/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "ail"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish non-lemma forms",
"Old Irish verb forms",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "·ail",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "·ail",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "·n-ail",
"source": "mutation"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "verb form",
"3": "",
"head": "·ail"
},
"expansion": "·ail",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "·ail"
},
"expansion": "·ail",
"name": "sga-verb form"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "ailid"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person singular present indicative conjunct of ailid"
],
"links": [
[
"ailid",
"ailid#Old_Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"conjunct",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/alʲ/"
}
],
"word": "ail"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "āl"
},
"expansion": "Old English: āl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: āl"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂eydʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ailą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ailą",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *ailą.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Neuter a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ail",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ailu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ail",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ailu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ailas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ailō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ailē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ailum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ailu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ailum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "*ail n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/ail",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "disease, sore",
"tags": [
"possibly"
],
"word": "aidlu"
},
{
"word": "ailid"
},
{
"word": "ailijan"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Anglo-Frisian Germanic",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic neuter a-stem nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic neuter nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂eydʰ-",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"gmw-pro:Fire"
],
"glosses": [
"fire"
],
"links": [
[
"fire",
"fire"
]
],
"qualifier": "Anglo-Frisian Germanic",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Anglo-Frisian Germanic) fire"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*ailid"
},
{
"word": "*fuir"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ail"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"Scots lemmas",
"Scots terms derived from Middle English",
"Scots terms derived from Old English",
"Scots terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Scots terms inherited from Middle English",
"Scots terms inherited from Old English",
"Scots terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Scots verbs"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "enm",
"3": "eilen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English eilen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "ang",
"3": "eġlan"
},
"expansion": "Old English eġlan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*aglijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *aglijan",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English eilen, from Old English eġlan, eġlian (“to trouble, afflict”), from Proto-West Germanic *aglijan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ails",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ailin",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ailt",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ailt",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"10": "ailt",
"2": "verbs",
"3": "third-person singular simple present",
"4": "ails",
"5": "present participle",
"6": "ailin",
"7": "simple past",
"8": "ailt",
"9": "past participle",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "ail (third-person singular simple present ails, present participle ailin, simple past ailt, past participle ailt)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ail (third-person singular simple present ails, present participle ailin, simple past ailt, past participle ailt)",
"name": "sco-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to trouble, afflict (of body or mind)"
],
"links": [
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
],
[
"afflict",
"afflict"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to hinder, prevent"
],
"links": [
[
"hinder",
"hinder"
],
[
"prevent",
"prevent"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to be ill"
],
"links": [
[
"ill",
"ill"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/eːl/"
}
],
"word": "ail"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"10": "",
"2": "symbol",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "or",
"6": "",
"7": "or",
"8": "",
"9": "or",
"cat2": "",
"f1lang": "en",
"f1nolink": "",
"f2lang": "en",
"f2nolink": "",
"f3lang": "en",
"f3nolink": "",
"f4lang": "en",
"f4nolink": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"nolinkhead": "",
"sc": "Latn",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ail",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ail",
"name": "mul-symbol"
}
],
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "symbol",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"ISO 639-3",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"Translingual lemmas",
"Translingual symbols",
"Translingual terms with redundant script codes"
],
"glosses": [
"ISO 639-3 language code for Aimele."
],
"links": [
[
"language code",
"language code"
]
],
"qualifier": "international standards",
"raw_glosses": [
"(international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Aimele."
]
}
],
"word": "ail"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "re-",
"word": "ail-"
},
{
"english": "re-",
"word": "eil-"
},
{
"english": "square root",
"word": "ail isradd"
},
{
"english": "a second",
"word": "eiliad"
},
{
"english": "even number",
"word": "eilrif"
},
{
"english": "second to none",
"word": "heb ail"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "wlm",
"3": "eil"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh eil",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*ėl"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *ėl",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*alyos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *alyos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂élyos",
"4": "",
"5": "other"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos (“other”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh eil, from Proto-Brythonic *ėl, from Proto-Celtic *alyos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos (“other”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ail",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ail",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ail",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hail",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"prothesis-h"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "ail (feminine singular ail, plural ail, not comparable)",
"name": "cy-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Welsh/ai̯l",
"Rhymes:Welsh/ai̯l/1 syllable",
"Welsh adjectives",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh ordinal numbers",
"Welsh terms derived from Middle Welsh",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Welsh terms inherited from Middle Welsh",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Welsh terms with homophones",
"Welsh terms with usage examples",
"Welsh uncomparable adjectives"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "the second floor",
"text": "yr ail lawr",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second"
],
"links": [
[
"ordinal number",
"ordinal number"
],
[
"second",
"second"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ordinal number) second"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "eilfed"
}
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable",
"numeral",
"ordinal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ai̯l/"
},
{
"audio": "Cy-ail.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f5/Cy-ail.ogg/Cy-ail.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Cy-ail.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "ael (“eyebrow”) stripped-by-parse_pron_post_template_fn"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ai̯l"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"abbreviation"
],
"word": "2il"
}
],
"word": "ail"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ail meaning in All languages combined (45.4kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/2457",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: nominative",
"path": [
"ail"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ail",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2457",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: vocative",
"path": [
"ail"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ail",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2457",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: genitive",
"path": [
"ail"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ail",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2457",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: dative",
"path": [
"ail"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ail",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2457",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: nominative",
"path": [
"ail"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ail",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2457",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: genitive",
"path": [
"ail"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ail",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2457",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: dative",
"path": [
"ail"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ail",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: ail/Irish 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"ail"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ail",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'eclipsis'",
"path": [
"ail"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ail",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: ail/Irish 'with h-prothesis' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form'}",
"path": [
"ail"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ail",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: ail/Irish 'with t-prothesis' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form'}",
"path": [
"ail"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ail",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: ail/Old Irish 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"ail"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ail",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'lenition'",
"path": [
"ail"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ail",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nasalization'",
"path": [
"ail"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ail",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for n-ail",
"path": [
"ail"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ail",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: ail/Old Irish 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"ail"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ail",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'lenition'",
"path": [
"ail"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ail",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nasalization'",
"path": [
"ail"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ail",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for ·n-ail",
"path": [
"ail"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ail",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: precedes the noun",
"path": [
"ail"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "ail",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: triggers soft mutation of all nouns",
"path": [
"ail"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "ail",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: ail/Welsh 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"ail"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "ail",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: ail/Welsh 'nasal' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'soft'}",
"path": [
"ail"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "ail",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.