See -ous on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-ous"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -ous",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-ous"
},
"expansion": "Old French -ous",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ōsus",
"t": "full of"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ōsus (“full of”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ose",
"3": "-wise"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of -ose and -wise",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -ous, from Old French -ous, -os, -us, from Latin -ōsus (“full of”). Doublet of -ose and -wise in unstressed position. Many English adjectives ending in -ous were taken from preexisting French or Latin adjectives that end in one of the above suffixes (e.g. envious corresponds directly to Old French envious which in turn corresponds directly to Latin invidiōsus). In addition, -ous (or the variant form -ious) has at times been attached to English nouns to form derived adjectives that lack precedents in French or Latin, such as slumberous from slumber or blizzardous from blizzard. It has also been used in some cases as a means of adapting adjectives borrowed from Latin that originally ended simply in -us, -a, -um (for example, obvious and previous are derived from Latin obvius and praevius, not *obviōsus or *praeviōsus).",
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ous",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ous",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "bulb + -ous → bulbous",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form adjectives from nouns, to denote:",
"possession of"
],
"id": "en--ous-en-suffix-kw4JNJWD",
"links": [
[
"adjective",
"adjective#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "91 3 3 3",
"sense": "possession of",
"word": "-ate"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "courage + -ous → courageous",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "joy + -ous → joyous",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "poison + -ous → poisonous",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "riot + -ous → riotous",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form adjectives from nouns, to denote:",
"presence of a quality in any degree (typically an abundance)"
],
"id": "en--ous-en-suffix-AGcBQzXW",
"links": [
[
"adjective",
"adjective#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "aptonym + -ous → aptonymous",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "arrhenotoky + -ous → arrhenotokous",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form adjectives from nouns, to denote:",
"relation or pertinence to"
],
"id": "en--ous-en-suffix-b8lH7zQI",
"links": [
[
"adjective",
"adjective#English"
],
[
"relation",
"relation"
],
[
"pertinence",
"pertinence"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Chemistry",
"orig": "en:Chemistry",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "8 21 19 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 23 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
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},
{
"_dis": "11 11 11 68",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 13 14 63",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 16 20 57",
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"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 13 10 65",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 12 12 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Aromanian translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "15 12 12 60",
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"name": "Terms with Asturian translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "14 12 11 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "8 9 13 69",
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"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "14 14 16 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "14 12 11 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Emilian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 11 11 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 16 60",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 12 11 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Friulian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 12 11 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 16 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 15 11 62",
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"name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 18 9 58",
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"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "8 16 14 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 10 18 62",
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"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 11 15 65",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 11 15 65",
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"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 12 11 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 12 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Occitan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 13 13 58",
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"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 11 13 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 12 11 63",
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"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 10 18 62",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 12 11 63",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 12 11 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sicilian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 12 16 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 11 11 65",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 13 13 66",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Venetan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 17 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used in chemical nomenclature to name chemical compounds in which a specified chemical element has a lower oxidation number than in the equivalent compound whose name ends in the suffix -ic. For example sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄) has more oxygen atoms per molecule than sulphurous acid (H₂SO₃). See Inorganic nomenclature."
],
"id": "en--ous-en-suffix-kg-Aejog",
"links": [
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
],
[
"chemical nomenclature",
"chemical nomenclature#English"
],
[
"chemical compound",
"chemical compound#English"
],
[
"chemical element",
"chemical element#English"
],
[
"oxidation number",
"oxidation number#English"
],
[
"-ic",
"-ic#English"
],
[
"sulphuric acid",
"sulphuric acid#English"
],
[
"H",
"hydrogen#English"
],
[
"SO₄",
"sulfate#English"
],
[
"sulphurous acid",
"sulphurous acid#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chemistry) Used in chemical nomenclature to name chemical compounds in which a specified chemical element has a lower oxidation number than in the equivalent compound whose name ends in the suffix -ic. For example sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄) has more oxygen atoms per molecule than sulphurous acid (H₂SO₃). See Inorganic nomenclature."
],
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "9 18 24 49",
"word": "-osity"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 18 24 49",
"word": "-ose"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 18 24 49",
"word": "-ability"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 18 24 49",
"word": "-hood"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 18 24 49",
"word": "-ia"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 18 24 49",
"word": "-ibility"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 18 24 49",
"word": "-icity"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 18 24 49",
"alt": "Lat.",
"word": "-itas"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 18 24 49",
"alt": "Lat.",
"word": "-itia"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 18 24 49",
"word": "-itude"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 18 24 49",
"word": "-ity"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 18 24 49",
"word": "-ness"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 18 24 49",
"word": "-ship"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 18 24 49",
"word": "-th"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "9 18 24 49",
"word": "-y"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 18 24 49",
"word": "-ious"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 18 24 49",
"word": "-tous"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 18 24 49",
"word": "-uous"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 8 5 85",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "chemical compounds in which a specified chemical element has a lower oxidation number",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-oso"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 8 5 85",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "chemical compounds in which a specified chemical element has a lower oxidation number",
"word": "-s"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 8 5 85",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "chemical compounds in which a specified chemical element has a lower oxidation number",
"word": "-os"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 8 5 85",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "chemical compounds in which a specified chemical element has a lower oxidation number",
"word": "-as"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 8 5 85",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "chemical compounds in which a specified chemical element has a lower oxidation number",
"word": "-es"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 8 5 85",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "chemical compounds in which a specified chemical element has a lower oxidation number",
"word": "-ös"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 8 5 85",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "a-",
"sense": "chemical compounds in which a specified chemical element has a lower oxidation number",
"word": "亜"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 8 5 85",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-istyj",
"sense": "chemical compounds in which a specified chemical element has a lower oxidation number",
"word": "-истый"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 8 5 85",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "chemical compounds in which a specified chemical element has a lower oxidation number",
"word": "-oso"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 8 5 85",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "chemical compounds in which a specified chemical element has a lower oxidation number",
"word": "-us"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-əs/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl--ous.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ous.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ous.wav.mp3",
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}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "26 26 26 21",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "-iyy",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "ـِيّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 26 26 21",
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
],
"word": "-os"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 26 26 21",
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
],
"word": "-osu"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 26 26 21",
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-oasã"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 26 26 21",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-osu"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 26 26 21",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ós"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 26 26 21",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-osa"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 26 26 21",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-øs"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 26 26 21",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-eus"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 26 26 21",
"code": "egl",
"lang": "Emilian",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ōś"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 26 26 21",
"code": "egl",
"lang": "Emilian",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-óśa"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 26 26 21",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-inen"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 26 26 21",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-eux"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 26 26 21",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-euse"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 26 26 21",
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-ôs"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 26 26 21",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-oso"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 26 26 21",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-osa"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 26 26 21",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-haft"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 26 26 21",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-ös"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 26 26 21",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "-ānā",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-आना"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 26 26 21",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-s"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 26 26 21",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-os"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 26 26 21",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-as"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 26 26 21",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-es"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 26 26 21",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-ös"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 26 26 21",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-oza"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 26 26 21",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-oso"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 26 26 21",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-osa"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 26 26 21",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-osus"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 26 26 21",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-osa"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 26 26 21",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-osum"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 26 26 21",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-øs"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 26 26 21",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-ós"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 26 26 21",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-y"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 26 26 21",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-awy"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 26 26 21",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ny"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 26 26 21",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-oso"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 26 26 21",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
],
"word": "-os"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 26 26 21",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-oasă"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 26 26 21",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-óznyj",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-о́зный"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 26 26 21",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-nyj",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-ный"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 26 26 21",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-osu"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 26 26 21",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-ossu"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 26 26 21",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-usu"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 26 26 21",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-osu"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 26 26 21",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-oso"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 26 26 21",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-udo"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 26 26 21",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-ös"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 26 26 21",
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetan",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-oxo"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 26 26 21",
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetan",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-óxo"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 26 26 21",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-us"
}
],
"word": "-ous"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ous"
},
"expansion": "English: -ous",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -ous"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-ous"
},
"expansion": "Old French -ous",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ōsus"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ōsus",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French -ous, -us, -eus, from Latin -ōsus.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ous",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms adjectives from nouns or verbs, especially if of Romance origin."
],
"id": "en--ous-enm-suffix-QYtztla-",
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-os"
},
{
"word": "-ose"
},
{
"word": "-ouse"
},
{
"word": "-ows"
},
{
"word": "-owse"
},
{
"word": "-us"
},
{
"word": "-ws"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-ˈuːs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/-us/"
}
],
"word": "-ous"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ous",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-us"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -us"
],
"id": "en--ous-fro-suffix-mqk0jMLG",
"links": [
[
"-us",
"-us#Old_French"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ous"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjective-forming suffixes",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Aromanian translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Emilian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Friulian translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sardinian translations",
"Terms with Sicilian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Venetan translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-ous"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -ous",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-ous"
},
"expansion": "Old French -ous",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ōsus",
"t": "full of"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ōsus (“full of”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ose",
"3": "-wise"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of -ose and -wise",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -ous, from Old French -ous, -os, -us, from Latin -ōsus (“full of”). Doublet of -ose and -wise in unstressed position. Many English adjectives ending in -ous were taken from preexisting French or Latin adjectives that end in one of the above suffixes (e.g. envious corresponds directly to Old French envious which in turn corresponds directly to Latin invidiōsus). In addition, -ous (or the variant form -ious) has at times been attached to English nouns to form derived adjectives that lack precedents in French or Latin, such as slumberous from slumber or blizzardous from blizzard. It has also been used in some cases as a means of adapting adjectives borrowed from Latin that originally ended simply in -us, -a, -um (for example, obvious and previous are derived from Latin obvius and praevius, not *obviōsus or *praeviōsus).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ous",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ous",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-osity"
},
{
"word": "-ose"
},
{
"word": "-ability"
},
{
"word": "-hood"
},
{
"word": "-ia"
},
{
"word": "-ibility"
},
{
"word": "-icity"
},
{
"alt": "Lat.",
"word": "-itas"
},
{
"alt": "Lat.",
"word": "-itia"
},
{
"word": "-itude"
},
{
"word": "-ity"
},
{
"word": "-ness"
},
{
"word": "-ship"
},
{
"word": "-th"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "bulb + -ous → bulbous",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form adjectives from nouns, to denote:",
"possession of"
],
"links": [
[
"adjective",
"adjective#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "courage + -ous → courageous",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "joy + -ous → joyous",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "poison + -ous → poisonous",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "riot + -ous → riotous",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form adjectives from nouns, to denote:",
"presence of a quality in any degree (typically an abundance)"
],
"links": [
[
"adjective",
"adjective#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "aptonym + -ous → aptonymous",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "arrhenotoky + -ous → arrhenotokous",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form adjectives from nouns, to denote:",
"relation or pertinence to"
],
"links": [
[
"adjective",
"adjective#English"
],
[
"relation",
"relation"
],
[
"pertinence",
"pertinence"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Chemistry"
],
"glosses": [
"Used in chemical nomenclature to name chemical compounds in which a specified chemical element has a lower oxidation number than in the equivalent compound whose name ends in the suffix -ic. For example sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄) has more oxygen atoms per molecule than sulphurous acid (H₂SO₃). See Inorganic nomenclature."
],
"links": [
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
],
[
"chemical nomenclature",
"chemical nomenclature#English"
],
[
"chemical compound",
"chemical compound#English"
],
[
"chemical element",
"chemical element#English"
],
[
"oxidation number",
"oxidation number#English"
],
[
"-ic",
"-ic#English"
],
[
"sulphuric acid",
"sulphuric acid#English"
],
[
"H",
"hydrogen#English"
],
[
"SO₄",
"sulfate#English"
],
[
"sulphurous acid",
"sulphurous acid#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chemistry) Used in chemical nomenclature to name chemical compounds in which a specified chemical element has a lower oxidation number than in the equivalent compound whose name ends in the suffix -ic. For example sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄) has more oxygen atoms per molecule than sulphurous acid (H₂SO₃). See Inorganic nomenclature."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-əs/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl--ous.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ous.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ous.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ous.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ous.wav.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-y"
},
{
"sense": "possession of",
"word": "-ate"
},
{
"word": "-ious"
},
{
"word": "-tous"
},
{
"word": "-uous"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "-iyy",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "ـِيّ"
},
{
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
],
"word": "-os"
},
{
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
],
"word": "-osu"
},
{
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-oasã"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-osu"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ós"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-osa"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-øs"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-eus"
},
{
"code": "egl",
"lang": "Emilian",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ōś"
},
{
"code": "egl",
"lang": "Emilian",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-óśa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-inen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-eux"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-euse"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-ôs"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-oso"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-osa"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-haft"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-ös"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "-ānā",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-आना"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-s"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-os"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-as"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-es"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-ös"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-oza"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-oso"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-osa"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-osus"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-osa"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-osum"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-øs"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-ós"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-y"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-awy"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ny"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-oso"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
],
"word": "-os"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-oasă"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-óznyj",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-о́зный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-nyj",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-ный"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-osu"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-ossu"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-usu"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-osu"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-oso"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-udo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-ös"
},
{
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetan",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-oxo"
},
{
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetan",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-óxo"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "suffix to form adjectives",
"word": "-us"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "chemical compounds in which a specified chemical element has a lower oxidation number",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-oso"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "chemical compounds in which a specified chemical element has a lower oxidation number",
"word": "-s"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "chemical compounds in which a specified chemical element has a lower oxidation number",
"word": "-os"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "chemical compounds in which a specified chemical element has a lower oxidation number",
"word": "-as"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "chemical compounds in which a specified chemical element has a lower oxidation number",
"word": "-es"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "chemical compounds in which a specified chemical element has a lower oxidation number",
"word": "-ös"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "a-",
"sense": "chemical compounds in which a specified chemical element has a lower oxidation number",
"word": "亜"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-istyj",
"sense": "chemical compounds in which a specified chemical element has a lower oxidation number",
"word": "-истый"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "chemical compounds in which a specified chemical element has a lower oxidation number",
"word": "-oso"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "chemical compounds in which a specified chemical element has a lower oxidation number",
"word": "-us"
}
],
"word": "-ous"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ous"
},
"expansion": "English: -ous",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -ous"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-ous"
},
"expansion": "Old French -ous",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ōsus"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ōsus",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French -ous, -us, -eus, from Latin -ōsus.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ous",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adjective-forming suffixes",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English suffixes",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Forms adjectives from nouns or verbs, especially if of Romance origin."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-ˈuːs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/-us/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-os"
},
{
"word": "-ose"
},
{
"word": "-ouse"
},
{
"word": "-ows"
},
{
"word": "-owse"
},
{
"word": "-us"
},
{
"word": "-ws"
}
],
"word": "-ous"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ous",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-us"
}
],
"categories": [
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French suffixes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -us"
],
"links": [
[
"-us",
"-us#Old_French"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ous"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ous meaning in All languages combined (14.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (e4a2c88 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.