See 面前 on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 面前 meaning in All languages combined (7.3kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "真人面前不說假話"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "真人面前不说假话"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "閻羅王面前須沒放回的鬼"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "阎罗王面前须没放回的鬼"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "Guāngōng miànqián shuǎ dàdāo",
"word": "關公面前耍大刀"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "Guāngōng miànqián shuǎ dàdāo",
"word": "关公面前耍大刀"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "面前",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "All men are equal before the law.",
"ref": "法律面前人人平等。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]",
"text": "Fǎlǜ miànqián rénrén píngděng. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "You don't have to put on airs in front of me.",
"ref": "你用不著在我面前擺架子。 [MSC, trad.]",
"text": "你用不着在我面前摆架子。 [MSC, simp.]\nNǐ yòngbuzháo zài wǒ miànqián bǎi jiàzi. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in front of one's face; in front"
],
"id": "en-面前-zh-noun-90xhnbIZ",
"links": [
[
"front",
"front"
],
[
"face",
"face"
],
[
"in front",
"in front"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1",
"roman": "gēnqián",
"sense": "in front of one's face",
"word": "跟前"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1",
"roman": "shēnbiān",
"sense": "in front of one's face",
"word": "身邊"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1",
"roman": "shēnbiān",
"sense": "in front of one's face",
"word": "身边"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1",
"sense": "in front of one's face",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Teochew"
],
"word": "面頭前"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1",
"sense": "in front of one's face",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Teochew"
],
"word": "面头前"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 100 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Time",
"orig": "zh:Time",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the present time"
],
"id": "en-面前-zh-noun-AR4N~KN0",
"links": [
[
"present",
"present"
],
[
"time",
"time"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Jinjiang Hokkien",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "10 17 74",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 29 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Elementary Mandarin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"present given upon first meeting"
],
"id": "en-面前-zh-noun-FWhgWOVl",
"links": [
[
"present",
"present"
],
[
"given",
"given"
],
[
"first",
"first"
],
[
"meeting",
"meeting"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Jinjiang Hokkien) present given upon first meeting"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "1 3 97",
"roman": "jiànmiànlǐ",
"sense": "present given upon first meeting",
"word": "見面禮"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 97",
"roman": "jiànmiànlǐ",
"sense": "present given upon first meeting",
"word": "见面礼"
}
],
"tags": [
"Jinjiang-Hokkien"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "miànqián"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄇㄧㄢˋ ㄑㄧㄢˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "мянчян"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "mi͡anči͡an"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "III-I"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "min⁶ cin⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mien-chhièn"
},
{
"zh-pron": "méng-sèng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "bīn-chûiⁿ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "bīn-chêng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "biān-chiân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ming⁷ zoin⁵"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁶mi-zhi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "miànqián"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄇㄧㄢˋ ㄑㄧㄢˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "miàncián"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "mien⁴-chʻien²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "myàn-chyán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "miannchyan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "мяньцянь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "mjanʹcjanʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/mi̯ɛn⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/miæ̃⁴⁴ t͡ɕʰiæ̃²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "mihn chìhn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "min⁶ tsin⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "min⁶ qin⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/miːn²² t͡sʰiːn²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mien-chhièn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mien qienˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mian⁴ qian²"
},
{
"ipa": "/mi̯en⁵⁵ t͡sʰi̯en¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "méng-sèng"
},
{
"ipa": "/miŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nɛiŋ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "bīn-tsuînn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "bixnzvuii"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin⁴¹⁻²² t͡suĩ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Jinjiang",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "bīn-tsîng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "bixnzeeng"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin³³⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²²⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bin³³⁻¹¹ t͡siɪŋ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²²⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "biān-tsiân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "biexncieen"
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn⁴¹⁻²² t͡siɛn²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn²²⁻²¹ t͡siɛn²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn²²⁻²¹ t͡siɛn¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "mīng tsôiⁿ"
},
{
"ipa": "/miŋ¹¹ t͡sõĩ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁶mi-zhi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "mi^去 zhi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "³mi-xxi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/mi²² ʑi⁴⁴/"
},
{
"other": "/ bīn-chêng /"
},
{
"ipa": "/mi̯ɛn⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/miæ̃⁴⁴ t͡ɕʰiæ̃²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/miːn²² t͡sʰiːn²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mi̯en⁵⁵ t͡sʰi̯en¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/miŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nɛiŋ⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin⁴¹⁻²² t͡suĩ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin³³⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ²³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²²⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin³³⁻¹¹ t͡siɪŋ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²²⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn⁴¹⁻²² t͡siɛn²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn²²⁻²¹ t͡siɛn²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn²²⁻²¹ t͡siɛn¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/miŋ¹¹ t͡sõĩ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mi²² ʑi⁴⁴/"
}
],
"word": "面前"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Eastern Min lemmas",
"Eastern Min nouns",
"Elementary Mandarin",
"zh:Time"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "真人面前不說假話"
},
{
"word": "真人面前不说假话"
},
{
"word": "閻羅王面前須沒放回的鬼"
},
{
"word": "阎罗王面前须没放回的鬼"
},
{
"roman": "Guāngōng miànqián shuǎ dàdāo",
"word": "關公面前耍大刀"
},
{
"roman": "Guāngōng miànqián shuǎ dàdāo",
"word": "关公面前耍大刀"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "面前",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "All men are equal before the law.",
"ref": "法律面前人人平等。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]",
"text": "Fǎlǜ miànqián rénrén píngděng. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "You don't have to put on airs in front of me.",
"ref": "你用不著在我面前擺架子。 [MSC, trad.]",
"text": "你用不着在我面前摆架子。 [MSC, simp.]\nNǐ yòngbuzháo zài wǒ miànqián bǎi jiàzi. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in front of one's face; in front"
],
"links": [
[
"front",
"front"
],
[
"face",
"face"
],
[
"in front",
"in front"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the present time"
],
"links": [
[
"present",
"present"
],
[
"time",
"time"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Jinjiang Hokkien"
],
"glosses": [
"present given upon first meeting"
],
"links": [
[
"present",
"present"
],
[
"given",
"given"
],
[
"first",
"first"
],
[
"meeting",
"meeting"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Jinjiang Hokkien) present given upon first meeting"
],
"tags": [
"Jinjiang-Hokkien"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "miànqián"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄇㄧㄢˋ ㄑㄧㄢˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "мянчян"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "mi͡anči͡an"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "III-I"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "min⁶ cin⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mien-chhièn"
},
{
"zh-pron": "méng-sèng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "bīn-chûiⁿ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "bīn-chêng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "biān-chiân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ming⁷ zoin⁵"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁶mi-zhi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "miànqián"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄇㄧㄢˋ ㄑㄧㄢˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "miàncián"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "mien⁴-chʻien²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "myàn-chyán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "miannchyan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "мяньцянь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "mjanʹcjanʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/mi̯ɛn⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/miæ̃⁴⁴ t͡ɕʰiæ̃²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "mihn chìhn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "min⁶ tsin⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "min⁶ qin⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/miːn²² t͡sʰiːn²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mien-chhièn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mien qienˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mian⁴ qian²"
},
{
"ipa": "/mi̯en⁵⁵ t͡sʰi̯en¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "méng-sèng"
},
{
"ipa": "/miŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nɛiŋ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "bīn-tsuînn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "bixnzvuii"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin⁴¹⁻²² t͡suĩ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Jinjiang",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "bīn-tsîng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "bixnzeeng"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin³³⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²²⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bin³³⁻¹¹ t͡siɪŋ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²²⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "biān-tsiân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "biexncieen"
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn⁴¹⁻²² t͡siɛn²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn²²⁻²¹ t͡siɛn²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn²²⁻²¹ t͡siɛn¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "mīng tsôiⁿ"
},
{
"ipa": "/miŋ¹¹ t͡sõĩ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁶mi-zhi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "mi^去 zhi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "³mi-xxi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/mi²² ʑi⁴⁴/"
},
{
"other": "/ bīn-chêng /"
},
{
"ipa": "/mi̯ɛn⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/miæ̃⁴⁴ t͡ɕʰiæ̃²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/miːn²² t͡sʰiːn²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mi̯en⁵⁵ t͡sʰi̯en¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/miŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nɛiŋ⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin⁴¹⁻²² t͡suĩ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin³³⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ²³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²²⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin³³⁻¹¹ t͡siɪŋ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²²⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn⁴¹⁻²² t͡siɛn²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn²²⁻²¹ t͡siɛn²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn²²⁻²¹ t͡siɛn¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/miŋ¹¹ t͡sõĩ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mi²² ʑi⁴⁴/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "gēnqián",
"sense": "in front of one's face",
"word": "跟前"
},
{
"roman": "shēnbiān",
"sense": "in front of one's face",
"word": "身邊"
},
{
"roman": "shēnbiān",
"sense": "in front of one's face",
"word": "身边"
},
{
"sense": "in front of one's face",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Teochew"
],
"word": "面頭前"
},
{
"sense": "in front of one's face",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Teochew"
],
"word": "面头前"
},
{
"roman": "jiànmiànlǐ",
"sense": "present given upon first meeting",
"word": "見面禮"
},
{
"roman": "jiànmiànlǐ",
"sense": "present given upon first meeting",
"word": "见面礼"
}
],
"word": "面前"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.