See phoneme in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰeh₂-",
"id": "speak"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "φώνημα",
"4": "",
"5": "sound"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek φώνημα (phṓnēma, “sound”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "phone<t:speech sound>",
"3": "-eme<t:unit>"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, phone (“speech sound”) + -eme (“unit”)",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek φώνημα (phṓnēma, “sound”), from φωνέω (phōnéō, “to sound”), from φωνή (phōnḗ, “sound”). By surface analysis, phone (“speech sound”) + -eme (“unit”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "phonemes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "phoneme (plural phonemes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Arabic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Cantonese terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -eme",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mandarin terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Albanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Asturian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Breton translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Cantonese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Cebuano translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Gujarati translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hokkien translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Interlingua translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kannada translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Khmer translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Manx translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Marathi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mongolian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Occitan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sicilian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sindhi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swahili translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tamil translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tibetan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Upper Sorbian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Walloon translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yiddish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Phonology",
"orig": "en:Phonology",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "archiphoneme"
},
{
"word": "diaphoneme"
},
{
"word": "phonemic"
},
{
"word": "phonemical"
},
{
"word": "phonemically"
},
{
"word": "phonemicist"
},
{
"word": "phonemicity"
},
{
"word": "phonemics"
},
{
"word": "subphoneme"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1990, Jarmo Lainio, “Sweden Finnish — development or deterioration?”, in Durk Gorter, editor, Fourth International Conference on Minority Languages: Western and Eastern European papers, Multilingual Matters, →ISBN, page 31:",
"text": "It is crucial for the phoneme structure of Finnish — traditionally /d/ has not been included in the Finnish phonotax, but it fulfils the criteria of a phoneme (Karlsson, 1983: 66-7).",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An indivisible unit of sound in a given language. A phoneme is an abstraction of the physical speech sounds (phones) and may encompass several different phones."
],
"id": "en-phoneme-en-noun-en:Q8183",
"links": [
[
"phonology",
"phonology"
],
[
"unit",
"unit"
],
[
"sound",
"sound"
],
[
"phone",
"phone"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(phonology) An indivisible unit of sound in a given language. A phoneme is an abstraction of the physical speech sounds (phones) and may encompass several different phones."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "allophone"
},
{
"word": "allophonic"
},
{
"word": "allophonical"
},
{
"word": "allophonically"
},
{
"word": "allophonics"
},
{
"word": "diaphone"
},
{
"word": "diaphonic"
},
{
"word": "diaphonical"
},
{
"word": "diaphonically"
},
{
"word": "diaphonics"
},
{
"word": "diaphonologic"
},
{
"word": "diaphonological"
},
{
"word": "diaphonologically"
},
{
"word": "diaphonology"
},
{
"word": "phone"
},
{
"word": "phonetic"
},
{
"word": "phonetical"
},
{
"word": "phonetically"
},
{
"word": "phonetics"
},
{
"word": "phonic"
},
{
"word": "phonical"
},
{
"word": "phonically"
},
{
"word": "phonics"
},
{
"word": "phonologic"
},
{
"word": "phonological"
},
{
"word": "phonologically"
},
{
"word": "phonologist"
},
{
"word": "phonology"
},
{
"word": "chereme"
},
{
"word": "chroneme"
},
{
"word": "grammeme"
},
{
"word": "grapheme"
},
{
"word": "lemma"
},
{
"word": "lexeme"
},
{
"word": "listeme"
},
{
"word": "morpheme"
},
{
"word": "sememe"
},
{
"word": "toneme"
}
],
"senseid": [
"en:Q8183"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"phonology",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fonemë"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "fōnēm",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "فُونِيم"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ṣawt luḡawiyy",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "صَوْت لُغَوِيّ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "hnčʻuytʻ",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "հնչույթ"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fonema"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "fanjéma",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "фане́ма"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "fanéma",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "фанэ́ма"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "soniad"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "fonéma",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "фоне́ма"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fonema"
},
{
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "ponema"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"english": "jam¹ sou³",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "音素"
},
{
"alt": "jam¹ wai⁶⁻²",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "音位"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "im-sò͘",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "音素"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yīnsù",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "音素"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yīnwèi",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "音位"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "foném"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fonem"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "foneem"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "fonemo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "foneem"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "foneemi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "phonème"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fonema"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "bgera",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "ბგერა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Phonem"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "fónima",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "φώνημα"
},
{
"code": "gu",
"lang": "Gujarati",
"roman": "dhvanighṭak",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "ધ્વનિઘટક"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "dhvanigrām",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ध्वनिग्राम"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "dhvani",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ध्वनि"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "vāc",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "वाच्"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "vyom",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "व्योम"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "fonéma"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "hljóðan"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "fonemo"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "phonema"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fonema"
},
{
"alt": "おんそ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "onso",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "音素"
},
{
"code": "kn",
"lang": "Kannada",
"roman": "dhvanimā",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "ಧ್ವನಿಮಾ"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "sattĕəʼtaa",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "សទ្ទតា"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "sattĕəʼ phuut",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "សទ្ទភូត"
},
{
"alt": "音素",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "eumso",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "음소"
},
{
"alt": "表音",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "pyoeum",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "표음"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "natsori",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "낱소리"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "vac"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "phōnēma"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fonēma"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fonema"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "fonem"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "warna bunyi"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "myn-heean"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "dhvanighṭak",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "ध्वनिघटक"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "avialbar",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "авиалбар"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "fonem",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "фонем"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "abiyalburi",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"Mongolian"
],
"word": "ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "fonēm",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"Mongolian"
],
"word": "ᠹᠣᠨᠧᠮ"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fonèma"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "vâj",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "واج"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fonem"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fonema"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fonem"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "fonéma",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "фоне́ма"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "фо̀не̄м"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "фоне́ма"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "fònēm"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "fonéma"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "funima"
},
{
"code": "sd",
"lang": "Sindhi",
"roman": "viome",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "وايوم"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fonéma"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fonem"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "glásnik"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fonem"
},
{
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fonem"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fonema"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "fonimu"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fonem"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "multinig"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "oliyaṉ",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "ஒலியன்"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "nùai-sǐiang",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "หน่วยเสียง"
},
{
"code": "bo",
"lang": "Tibetan",
"roman": "ma sgra",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "མ་སྒྲ"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "sesbirim"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "fonéma",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "фоне́ма"
},
{
"alt": "音位",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "âm vị"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "oyon"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "fonem",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "פֿאָנעם"
}
],
"wikidata": [
"Q8183"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfəʊ.niːm/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfoʊ.nim/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-phoneme.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/En-us-phoneme.ogg/En-us-phoneme.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/En-us-phoneme.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊniːm"
}
],
"word": "phoneme"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "archiphoneme"
},
{
"word": "diaphoneme"
},
{
"word": "phonemic"
},
{
"word": "phonemical"
},
{
"word": "phonemically"
},
{
"word": "phonemicist"
},
{
"word": "phonemicity"
},
{
"word": "phonemics"
},
{
"word": "subphoneme"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰeh₂-",
"id": "speak"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "φώνημα",
"4": "",
"5": "sound"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek φώνημα (phṓnēma, “sound”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "phone<t:speech sound>",
"3": "-eme<t:unit>"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, phone (“speech sound”) + -eme (“unit”)",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek φώνημα (phṓnēma, “sound”), from φωνέω (phōnéō, “to sound”), from φωνή (phōnḗ, “sound”). By surface analysis, phone (“speech sound”) + -eme (“unit”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "phonemes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "phoneme (plural phonemes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "allophone"
},
{
"word": "allophonic"
},
{
"word": "allophonical"
},
{
"word": "allophonically"
},
{
"word": "allophonics"
},
{
"word": "diaphone"
},
{
"word": "diaphonic"
},
{
"word": "diaphonical"
},
{
"word": "diaphonically"
},
{
"word": "diaphonics"
},
{
"word": "diaphonologic"
},
{
"word": "diaphonological"
},
{
"word": "diaphonologically"
},
{
"word": "diaphonology"
},
{
"word": "phone"
},
{
"word": "phonetic"
},
{
"word": "phonetical"
},
{
"word": "phonetically"
},
{
"word": "phonetics"
},
{
"word": "phonic"
},
{
"word": "phonical"
},
{
"word": "phonically"
},
{
"word": "phonics"
},
{
"word": "phonologic"
},
{
"word": "phonological"
},
{
"word": "phonologically"
},
{
"word": "phonologist"
},
{
"word": "phonology"
},
{
"word": "chereme"
},
{
"word": "chroneme"
},
{
"word": "grammeme"
},
{
"word": "grapheme"
},
{
"word": "lemma"
},
{
"word": "lexeme"
},
{
"word": "listeme"
},
{
"word": "morpheme"
},
{
"word": "sememe"
},
{
"word": "toneme"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Arabic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Cantonese terms with redundant transliterations",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeh₂- (speak)",
"English terms suffixed with -eme",
"English terms with quotations",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Mandarin terms with redundant transliterations",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/əʊniːm",
"Rhymes:English/əʊniːm/2 syllables",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Breton translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Cantonese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Cebuano translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Gujarati translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hokkien translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Interlingua translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kannada translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Manx translations",
"Terms with Marathi translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Sicilian translations",
"Terms with Sindhi translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swahili translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Tamil translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Tibetan translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Upper Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Walloon translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations",
"en:Phonology"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1990, Jarmo Lainio, “Sweden Finnish — development or deterioration?”, in Durk Gorter, editor, Fourth International Conference on Minority Languages: Western and Eastern European papers, Multilingual Matters, →ISBN, page 31:",
"text": "It is crucial for the phoneme structure of Finnish — traditionally /d/ has not been included in the Finnish phonotax, but it fulfils the criteria of a phoneme (Karlsson, 1983: 66-7).",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An indivisible unit of sound in a given language. A phoneme is an abstraction of the physical speech sounds (phones) and may encompass several different phones."
],
"links": [
[
"phonology",
"phonology"
],
[
"unit",
"unit"
],
[
"sound",
"sound"
],
[
"phone",
"phone"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(phonology) An indivisible unit of sound in a given language. A phoneme is an abstraction of the physical speech sounds (phones) and may encompass several different phones."
],
"senseid": [
"en:Q8183"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"phonology",
"sciences"
],
"wikidata": [
"Q8183"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfəʊ.niːm/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfoʊ.nim/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-phoneme.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/En-us-phoneme.ogg/En-us-phoneme.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/En-us-phoneme.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊniːm"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fonemë"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "fōnēm",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "فُونِيم"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ṣawt luḡawiyy",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "صَوْت لُغَوِيّ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "hnčʻuytʻ",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "հնչույթ"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fonema"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "fanjéma",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "фане́ма"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "fanéma",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "фанэ́ма"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "soniad"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "fonéma",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "фоне́ма"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fonema"
},
{
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "ponema"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"english": "jam¹ sou³",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "音素"
},
{
"alt": "jam¹ wai⁶⁻²",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "音位"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "im-sò͘",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "音素"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yīnsù",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "音素"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yīnwèi",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "音位"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "foném"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fonem"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "foneem"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "fonemo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "foneem"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "foneemi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "phonème"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fonema"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "bgera",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "ბგერა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Phonem"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "fónima",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "φώνημα"
},
{
"code": "gu",
"lang": "Gujarati",
"roman": "dhvanighṭak",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "ધ્વનિઘટક"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "dhvanigrām",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ध्वनिग्राम"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "dhvani",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ध्वनि"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "vāc",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "वाच्"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "vyom",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "व्योम"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "fonéma"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "hljóðan"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "fonemo"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "phonema"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fonema"
},
{
"alt": "おんそ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "onso",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "音素"
},
{
"code": "kn",
"lang": "Kannada",
"roman": "dhvanimā",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "ಧ್ವನಿಮಾ"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "sattĕəʼtaa",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "សទ្ទតា"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "sattĕəʼ phuut",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "សទ្ទភូត"
},
{
"alt": "音素",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "eumso",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "음소"
},
{
"alt": "表音",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "pyoeum",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "표음"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "natsori",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "낱소리"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "vac"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "phōnēma"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fonēma"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fonema"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "fonem"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "warna bunyi"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "myn-heean"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "dhvanighṭak",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "ध्वनिघटक"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "avialbar",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "авиалбар"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "fonem",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "фонем"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "abiyalburi",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"Mongolian"
],
"word": "ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "fonēm",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"Mongolian"
],
"word": "ᠹᠣᠨᠧᠮ"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fonèma"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "vâj",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "واج"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fonem"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fonema"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fonem"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "fonéma",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "фоне́ма"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "фо̀не̄м"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "фоне́ма"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "fònēm"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "fonéma"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "funima"
},
{
"code": "sd",
"lang": "Sindhi",
"roman": "viome",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "وايوم"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fonéma"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fonem"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "glásnik"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fonem"
},
{
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fonem"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fonema"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "fonimu"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fonem"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "multinig"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "oliyaṉ",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "ஒலியன்"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "nùai-sǐiang",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "หน่วยเสียง"
},
{
"code": "bo",
"lang": "Tibetan",
"roman": "ma sgra",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "མ་སྒྲ"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "sesbirim"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "fonéma",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "фоне́ма"
},
{
"alt": "音位",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "âm vị"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"word": "oyon"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "fonem",
"sense": "indivisible unit of sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "פֿאָנעם"
}
],
"word": "phoneme"
}
Download raw JSONL data for phoneme meaning in English (16.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.