See lemma in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"english": "linguistics, lexicography: canonical form of a word",
"sense": "antonym(s) of",
"word": "non-lemma"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Bézout's lemma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Euclid's lemma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "five lemma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "lemmatize"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Neyman-Pearson lemma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "pumping lemma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Riemann-Lebesgue lemma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Sperner's lemma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Teichmüller-Tukey lemma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Tukey's lemma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Urysohn's lemma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Yoneda lemma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Zorn's lemma"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "λῆμμα",
"4": "",
"5": "premise, assumption"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek λῆμμα (lêmma, “premise, assumption”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek λῆμμα (lêmma, “premise, assumption”), from the same root as λαμβάνω (lambánō, “I take”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lemmas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lemmata",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "lemmata"
},
"expansion": "lemma (plural lemmas or lemmata)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"lem‧ma"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "dilemma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "lemmatic"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "lemmatical"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "lemmatically"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Margulis lemma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "pentalemma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "sublemma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "tetralemma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "trilemma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "basic form"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "canonical form"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "citation form"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "dictionary form"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "headword"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "infinitive"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Mathematics",
"orig": "en:Mathematics",
"parents": [
"Formal sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1988 August 30, Malcolm W. Browne, “Intellectual Duel: Brash Challenge, Swift Response”, in The New York Times:",
"text": "\"We finally did it, but we found the proof very, very hard,\" [Dr. Conway] said. \"I remember my wife and I spending one entire afternoon just working on some tiny little lemmas involved in the proof.\"",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A proposition proved or accepted for immediate use in the proof of some other proposition."
],
"id": "en-lemma-en-noun-xFjdpxX8",
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"proposition",
"proposition"
],
[
"proved",
"proved"
],
[
"accepted",
"accepted"
],
[
"proof",
"proof"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mathematics) A proposition proved or accepted for immediate use in the proof of some other proposition."
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Mathematics",
"orig": "en:Mathematics",
"parents": [
"Formal sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "8 12 13 7 31 28",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Plant anatomy",
"orig": "en:Plant anatomy",
"parents": [
"Anatomy",
"Botany",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"All topics",
"Health",
"Fundamental",
"Body"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A proposition proved or accepted for immediate use in the proof of some other proposition.",
"A proposition originally used for such a purpose, but having later acquired a greater, independent, importance; a fundamental (often pithy) and widely-used result."
],
"id": "en-lemma-en-noun-PUp9FztL",
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"proposition",
"proposition"
],
[
"proved",
"proved"
],
[
"accepted",
"accepted"
],
[
"proof",
"proof"
],
[
"fundamental",
"fundamental"
],
[
"pithy",
"pithy"
],
[
"result",
"result"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mathematics) A proposition proved or accepted for immediate use in the proof of some other proposition.",
"(in phrases, by extension) A proposition originally used for such a purpose, but having later acquired a greater, independent, importance; a fundamental (often pithy) and widely-used result."
],
"raw_tags": [
"in phrases"
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Lexicography",
"orig": "en:Lexicography",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Linguistics",
"orig": "en:Linguistics",
"parents": [
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "18 18 27 10 12 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 40 7 7 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 21 44 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 48 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 49 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 48 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bengali translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 46 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 20 46 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 22 38 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 18 52 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 23 41 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 21 47 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 17 35 11 8 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Faroese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 16 36 11 7 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 21 46 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 21 46 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 22 41 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 20 46 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 20 44 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 20 46 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 22 44 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 21 44 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 22 44 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 22 44 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 16 36 11 7 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 16 32 8 9 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 21 44 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 21 44 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 21 44 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 20 45 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 20 50 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 17 35 11 8 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 21 44 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 21 44 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 20 46 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 22 44 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 21 44 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 22 45 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 49 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 21 44 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 12 13 7 31 28",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Plant anatomy",
"orig": "en:Plant anatomy",
"parents": [
"Anatomy",
"Botany",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"All topics",
"Health",
"Fundamental",
"Body"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Holonym: lexeme (holonymous sense)"
},
{
"ref": "2024, Geoffrey K. Pullum, The Truth About English Grammar, Polity Press, →ISBN, page 17:",
"text": "For the second sense, where \"word\" means \"item that should have its own dictionary entry,\" lexicographers sometimes use the term \"lemma,\" but that has other meanings too, so among linguists the term lexeme is now standard, and I'll use it. For the different forms or shapes that belong to a lexeme we can use the term word-form.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"text": "For quotations using this term, see Citations:lemma."
}
],
"glosses": [
"The canonical form of an inflected word; i.e., the form usually found as the headword in a dictionary, such as the nominative singular of a noun, the bare infinitive of a verb, etc."
],
"id": "en-lemma-en-noun-en:canonical_form_of_an_inflected_word",
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"lexicography",
"lexicography"
],
[
"canonical",
"canonical"
],
[
"inflected",
"inflected"
],
[
"headword",
"headword"
],
[
"dictionary",
"dictionary"
],
[
"nominative",
"nominative"
],
[
"bare infinitive",
"bare infinitive"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics, lexicography) The canonical form of an inflected word; i.e., the form usually found as the headword in a dictionary, such as the nominative singular of a noun, the bare infinitive of a verb, etc."
],
"senseid": [
"en:canonical form of an inflected word"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lexeme"
}
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"lexicography",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"word": "lemma"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "sudda",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "سُدَّة"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "līmmā",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"word": "لِيمَّا"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "lema",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"word": "লেমা"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lema"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "címù",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"word": "詞目 /词目"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zìcí",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"word": "字詞 /字词"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cítiáo",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"word": "詞條 /词条"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cíyuán",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"word": "詞元 /词元"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lemma"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lemma"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "opslagsord"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "stikord"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "opslagsform"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lemma"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"word": "lemo"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "leitorð"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"word": "perusmuoto"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"word": "lemma"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lemme"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "entrée"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "terme vedette"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mot vedette"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Lemma"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Stichwort"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "límma",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "λήμμα"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"word": "lemma"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"word": "szótári szó"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"word": "lexéma"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"word": "címszó"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"word": "lexikai egység"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"word": "fletta"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"word": "flettiorð"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "uppflettimynd"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"word": "lemo"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"word": "lema"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lemma"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "renma",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"word": "レンマ"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ollimmal",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"word": "올림말"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "pyojeeo",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"word": "표제어"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lēmma"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "lema",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "лема"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lemma"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "oppslagsord"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "stikkord"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lemma"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "oppslagsord"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "stikkord"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "madxal",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"word": "مدخل"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "bon-vâže",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"word": "بنواژه"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lemma"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lema"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"word": "lemă"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "lémma",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ле́мма"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lema"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lema"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lemma"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "uppslagsord"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "grundform"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 67 19",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"word": "mục từ"
}
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Coordinate term: lexeme"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The theoretical abstract conceptual form of a word, representing a specific meaning, before the creation of a specific phonological form as the sounds of a lexeme, which may find representation in a specific written form as a dictionary or lexicographic word."
],
"id": "en-lemma-en-noun-en:theoretical_abstract_conceptual_form_of_a_word",
"links": [
[
"psycholinguistics",
"psycholinguistics"
],
[
"conceptual",
"conceptual"
],
[
"phonological",
"phonological"
],
[
"lexeme",
"lexeme"
],
[
"dictionary",
"dictionary"
],
[
"lexicographic",
"lexicographic"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(psycholinguistics) The theoretical abstract conceptual form of a word, representing a specific meaning, before the creation of a specific phonological form as the sounds of a lexeme, which may find representation in a specific written form as a dictionary or lexicographic word."
],
"senseid": [
"en:theoretical abstract conceptual form of a word"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"psycholinguistics",
"psychology",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "lĕm'ə",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɛmə/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɪmə/",
"tags": [
"pin-pen-merger"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-lemma.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lemma.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lemma.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lemma.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lemma.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛmə"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"alt": "lexicography: canonical form of a word",
"topics": [
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "citation form"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "42 42 10 7",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "tamhīdiyya",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "تَمْهِيدِيَّة"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 42 10 7",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "lemma",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"word": "լեմմա"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 42 10 7",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "lema",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"word": "লেমা"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 42 10 7",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "lema",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "лема"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 42 10 7",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lema"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 42 10 7",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yǐnlǐ",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"word": "引理"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 42 10 7",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lemma"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 42 10 7",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lemma"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 42 10 7",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "hjælpesætning"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 42 10 7",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lemma"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 42 10 7",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"word": "lemo"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 42 10 7",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hjálparsetningur"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 42 10 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"word": "apulause"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 42 10 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"word": "lemma"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 42 10 7",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lemme"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 42 10 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Lemma"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 42 10 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Hilfssatz"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 42 10 7",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "límma",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "λήμμα"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 42 10 7",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "léma",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "למה"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 42 10 7",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "te'anát ézer",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "טענת עזר"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 42 10 7",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"word": "lemma"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 42 10 7",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"word": "segédtétel"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 42 10 7",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"word": "kiegészítő tétel"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 42 10 7",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hjálparsetning"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 42 10 7",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lemma"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 42 10 7",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hodai",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"word": "補題"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 42 10 7",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bojojeongni",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"word": "보조정리"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 42 10 7",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "lema",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "лема"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 42 10 7",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lemma"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 42 10 7",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lemma"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 42 10 7",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lemat"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 42 10 7",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lema"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 42 10 7",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lemă"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 42 10 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "lémma",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ле́мма"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 42 10 7",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lema"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 42 10 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lema"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 42 10 7",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lemma"
}
],
"word": "lemma"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "cytolemma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "karyolemma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "myolemma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "neurilemma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "neurolemma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "oolemma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "plasmalemma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "sarcolemma"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "λέμμα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek λέμμα (lémma)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the Ancient Greek λέμμα (lémma), from λέπω (lépō, “I peel”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lemmas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lemmata",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "lemmata"
},
"expansion": "lemma (plural lemmas or lemmata)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"lem‧ma"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "en:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "8 12 13 7 31 28",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Plant anatomy",
"orig": "en:Plant anatomy",
"parents": [
"Anatomy",
"Botany",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"All topics",
"Health",
"Fundamental",
"Body"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The outer shell of a fruit or similar body."
],
"id": "en-lemma-en-noun-tME3Vmev",
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"shell",
"shell"
],
[
"fruit",
"fruit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) The outer shell of a fruit or similar body."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "en:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "8 12 13 7 31 28",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Plant anatomy",
"orig": "en:Plant anatomy",
"parents": [
"Anatomy",
"Botany",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"All topics",
"Health",
"Fundamental",
"Body"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One of the specialized bracts around the floret in grasses."
],
"id": "en-lemma-en-noun-iLkCnHrM",
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"bract",
"bract"
],
[
"floret",
"floret"
],
[
"grass",
"grass"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) One of the specialized bracts around the floret in grasses."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "botany: one of the specialized bracts around the floret in grasses",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "niðara blómuøgn"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "botany: one of the specialized bracts around the floret in grasses",
"word": "ulkohelve"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "geotgyeo",
"sense": "botany: one of the specialized bracts around the floret in grasses",
"word": "겉겨"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "botany: one of the specialized bracts around the floret in grasses",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lēmma"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "puše",
"sense": "botany: one of the specialized bracts around the floret in grasses",
"word": "پوشه"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "gelum",
"sense": "botany: one of the specialized bracts around the floret in grasses",
"word": "گلوم"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "sabuse",
"sense": "botany: one of the specialized bracts around the floret in grasses",
"word": "سبوسه"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "lĕm'ə",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɛmə/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɪmə/",
"tags": [
"pin-pen-merger"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-lemma.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lemma.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lemma.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lemma.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lemma.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛmə"
}
],
"word": "lemma"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"english": "linguistics, lexicography: canonical form of a word",
"sense": "antonym(s) of",
"word": "non-lemma"
}
],
"categories": [
"English autological terms",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Lithuanian translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɛmə",
"Rhymes:English/ɛmə/2 syllables",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"en:Plant anatomy"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Bézout's lemma"
},
{
"word": "Euclid's lemma"
},
{
"word": "five lemma"
},
{
"word": "lemmatize"
},
{
"word": "Neyman-Pearson lemma"
},
{
"word": "pumping lemma"
},
{
"word": "Riemann-Lebesgue lemma"
},
{
"word": "Sperner's lemma"
},
{
"word": "Teichmüller-Tukey lemma"
},
{
"word": "Tukey's lemma"
},
{
"word": "Urysohn's lemma"
},
{
"word": "Yoneda lemma"
},
{
"word": "Zorn's lemma"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "λῆμμα",
"4": "",
"5": "premise, assumption"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek λῆμμα (lêmma, “premise, assumption”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek λῆμμα (lêmma, “premise, assumption”), from the same root as λαμβάνω (lambánō, “I take”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lemmas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lemmata",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "lemmata"
},
"expansion": "lemma (plural lemmas or lemmata)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"lem‧ma"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "dilemma"
},
{
"word": "lemmatic"
},
{
"word": "lemmatical"
},
{
"word": "lemmatically"
},
{
"word": "Margulis lemma"
},
{
"word": "pentalemma"
},
{
"word": "sublemma"
},
{
"word": "tetralemma"
},
{
"word": "trilemma"
},
{
"word": "basic form"
},
{
"word": "canonical form"
},
{
"word": "citation form"
},
{
"word": "dictionary form"
},
{
"word": "headword"
},
{
"word": "infinitive"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Mathematics"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1988 August 30, Malcolm W. Browne, “Intellectual Duel: Brash Challenge, Swift Response”, in The New York Times:",
"text": "\"We finally did it, but we found the proof very, very hard,\" [Dr. Conway] said. \"I remember my wife and I spending one entire afternoon just working on some tiny little lemmas involved in the proof.\"",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A proposition proved or accepted for immediate use in the proof of some other proposition."
],
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"proposition",
"proposition"
],
[
"proved",
"proved"
],
[
"accepted",
"accepted"
],
[
"proof",
"proof"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mathematics) A proposition proved or accepted for immediate use in the proof of some other proposition."
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Mathematics"
],
"glosses": [
"A proposition proved or accepted for immediate use in the proof of some other proposition.",
"A proposition originally used for such a purpose, but having later acquired a greater, independent, importance; a fundamental (often pithy) and widely-used result."
],
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"proposition",
"proposition"
],
[
"proved",
"proved"
],
[
"accepted",
"accepted"
],
[
"proof",
"proof"
],
[
"fundamental",
"fundamental"
],
[
"pithy",
"pithy"
],
[
"result",
"result"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mathematics) A proposition proved or accepted for immediate use in the proof of some other proposition.",
"(in phrases, by extension) A proposition originally used for such a purpose, but having later acquired a greater, independent, importance; a fundamental (often pithy) and widely-used result."
],
"raw_tags": [
"in phrases"
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Lexicography",
"en:Linguistics"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Holonym: lexeme (holonymous sense)"
},
{
"ref": "2024, Geoffrey K. Pullum, The Truth About English Grammar, Polity Press, →ISBN, page 17:",
"text": "For the second sense, where \"word\" means \"item that should have its own dictionary entry,\" lexicographers sometimes use the term \"lemma,\" but that has other meanings too, so among linguists the term lexeme is now standard, and I'll use it. For the different forms or shapes that belong to a lexeme we can use the term word-form.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"text": "For quotations using this term, see Citations:lemma."
}
],
"glosses": [
"The canonical form of an inflected word; i.e., the form usually found as the headword in a dictionary, such as the nominative singular of a noun, the bare infinitive of a verb, etc."
],
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"lexicography",
"lexicography"
],
[
"canonical",
"canonical"
],
[
"inflected",
"inflected"
],
[
"headword",
"headword"
],
[
"dictionary",
"dictionary"
],
[
"nominative",
"nominative"
],
[
"bare infinitive",
"bare infinitive"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics, lexicography) The canonical form of an inflected word; i.e., the form usually found as the headword in a dictionary, such as the nominative singular of a noun, the bare infinitive of a verb, etc."
],
"senseid": [
"en:canonical form of an inflected word"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lexeme"
}
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"lexicography",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Coordinate term: lexeme"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The theoretical abstract conceptual form of a word, representing a specific meaning, before the creation of a specific phonological form as the sounds of a lexeme, which may find representation in a specific written form as a dictionary or lexicographic word."
],
"links": [
[
"psycholinguistics",
"psycholinguistics"
],
[
"conceptual",
"conceptual"
],
[
"phonological",
"phonological"
],
[
"lexeme",
"lexeme"
],
[
"dictionary",
"dictionary"
],
[
"lexicographic",
"lexicographic"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(psycholinguistics) The theoretical abstract conceptual form of a word, representing a specific meaning, before the creation of a specific phonological form as the sounds of a lexeme, which may find representation in a specific written form as a dictionary or lexicographic word."
],
"senseid": [
"en:theoretical abstract conceptual form of a word"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"psycholinguistics",
"psychology",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "lĕm'ə",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɛmə/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɪmə/",
"tags": [
"pin-pen-merger"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-lemma.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lemma.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lemma.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lemma.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lemma.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛmə"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"alt": "lexicography: canonical form of a word",
"topics": [
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "citation form"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "tamhīdiyya",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "تَمْهِيدِيَّة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "lemma",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"word": "լեմմա"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "lema",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"word": "লেমা"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "lema",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "лема"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lema"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yǐnlǐ",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"word": "引理"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lemma"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lemma"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "hjælpesætning"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lemma"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"word": "lemo"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hjálparsetningur"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"word": "apulause"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"word": "lemma"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lemme"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Lemma"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Hilfssatz"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "límma",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "λήμμα"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "léma",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "למה"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "te'anát ézer",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "טענת עזר"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"word": "lemma"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"word": "segédtétel"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"word": "kiegészítő tétel"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hjálparsetning"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lemma"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hodai",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"word": "補題"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bojojeongni",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"word": "보조정리"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "lema",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "лема"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lemma"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lemma"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lemat"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lema"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lemă"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "lémma",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ле́мма"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lema"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lema"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lemma"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"word": "lemma"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "sudda",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "سُدَّة"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "līmmā",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"word": "لِيمَّا"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "lema",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"word": "লেমা"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lema"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "címù",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"word": "詞目 /词目"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zìcí",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"word": "字詞 /字词"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cítiáo",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"word": "詞條 /词条"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cíyuán",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"word": "詞元 /词元"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lemma"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lemma"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "opslagsord"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "stikord"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "opslagsform"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lemma"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"word": "lemo"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "leitorð"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"word": "perusmuoto"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"word": "lemma"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lemme"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "entrée"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "terme vedette"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mot vedette"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Lemma"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Stichwort"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "límma",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "λήμμα"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"word": "lemma"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"word": "szótári szó"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"word": "lexéma"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"word": "címszó"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"word": "lexikai egység"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"word": "fletta"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"word": "flettiorð"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "uppflettimynd"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"word": "lemo"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"word": "lema"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lemma"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "renma",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"word": "レンマ"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ollimmal",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"word": "올림말"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "pyojeeo",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"word": "표제어"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lēmma"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "lema",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "лема"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lemma"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "oppslagsord"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "stikkord"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lemma"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "oppslagsord"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "stikkord"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "madxal",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"word": "مدخل"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "bon-vâže",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"word": "بنواژه"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lemma"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lema"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"word": "lemă"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "lémma",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ле́мма"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lema"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lema"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lemma"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "uppslagsord"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "grundform"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "linguistics: canonical form of a term",
"word": "mục từ"
}
],
"word": "lemma"
}
{
"categories": [
"English autological terms",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɛmə",
"Rhymes:English/ɛmə/2 syllables",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"en:Plant anatomy"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "cytolemma"
},
{
"word": "karyolemma"
},
{
"word": "myolemma"
},
{
"word": "neurilemma"
},
{
"word": "neurolemma"
},
{
"word": "oolemma"
},
{
"word": "plasmalemma"
},
{
"word": "sarcolemma"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "λέμμα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek λέμμα (lémma)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the Ancient Greek λέμμα (lémma), from λέπω (lépō, “I peel”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lemmas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lemmata",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "lemmata"
},
"expansion": "lemma (plural lemmas or lemmata)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"lem‧ma"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Botany"
],
"glosses": [
"The outer shell of a fruit or similar body."
],
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"shell",
"shell"
],
[
"fruit",
"fruit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) The outer shell of a fruit or similar body."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Botany"
],
"glosses": [
"One of the specialized bracts around the floret in grasses."
],
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"bract",
"bract"
],
[
"floret",
"floret"
],
[
"grass",
"grass"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) One of the specialized bracts around the floret in grasses."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "lĕm'ə",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɛmə/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɪmə/",
"tags": [
"pin-pen-merger"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-lemma.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lemma.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lemma.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lemma.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lemma.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛmə"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "botany: one of the specialized bracts around the floret in grasses",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "niðara blómuøgn"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "botany: one of the specialized bracts around the floret in grasses",
"word": "ulkohelve"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "geotgyeo",
"sense": "botany: one of the specialized bracts around the floret in grasses",
"word": "겉겨"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "botany: one of the specialized bracts around the floret in grasses",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lēmma"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "puše",
"sense": "botany: one of the specialized bracts around the floret in grasses",
"word": "پوشه"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "gelum",
"sense": "botany: one of the specialized bracts around the floret in grasses",
"word": "گلوم"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "sabuse",
"sense": "botany: one of the specialized bracts around the floret in grasses",
"word": "سبوسه"
}
],
"word": "lemma"
}
Download raw JSONL data for lemma meaning in English (25.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.