See kin in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "akin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fictive kin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "kind"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "kindred"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "kinfolk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "kinhood"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "kin selection"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "kinship"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "kinsman"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "kinstate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "kin state"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "kinswoman"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "kissing kin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "kith and kin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "next of kin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "otakukin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "otherkin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "totem kin"
}
],
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"args": {
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵenh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "enm",
"3": "kyn"
},
"expansion": "Middle English kyn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cynn",
"4": "",
"5": "kind, sort, rank"
},
"expansion": "Old English cynn (“kind, sort, rank”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kuni"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kuni",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kunją",
"4": "",
"5": "race, generation, descent"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kunją (“race, generation, descent”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ǵn̥h₁yom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₁yom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "kin",
"3": "",
"4": "relatives, kinfolk"
},
"expansion": "Scots kin (“relatives, kinfolk”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "kinn"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian kinn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kunne",
"3": "",
"4": "gender, sex"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kunne (“gender, sex”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "kunne",
"3": "",
"4": "gender, sex, race, family, lineage"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German kunne (“gender, sex, race, family, lineage”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "køn",
"3": "",
"4": "gender, sex"
},
"expansion": "Danish køn (“gender, sex”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kön",
"3": "",
"4": "gender, sex"
},
"expansion": "Swedish kön (“gender, sex”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "kyn",
"3": "",
"4": "gender"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic kyn (“gender”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kunnia",
"3": "",
"4": "honour, glory"
},
"expansion": "Finnish kunnia (“honour, glory”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "kunnia",
"3": "",
"4": "reputation"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian kunnia (“reputation”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English kyn, from Old English cynn (“kind, sort, rank”), from Proto-West Germanic *kuni, from Proto-Germanic *kunją (“race, generation, descent”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₁yom, from *ǵenh₁- (“to produce”).\nCognate with Scots kin (“relatives, kinfolk”), North Frisian kinn, kenn (“gender, race, family, kinship”), Dutch kunne (“gender, sex”), Middle Low German kunne (“gender, sex, race, family, lineage”), Danish køn (“gender, sex”), Swedish kön (“gender, sex”), Icelandic kyn (“gender”), Finnish kunnia (“honour, glory”), Ingrian kunnia (“reputation”), and through Indo-European, with Latin genus (“kind, sort, ancestry, birth”), Ancient Greek γένος (génos, “kind, race”), Sanskrit जनस् (jánas, “kind, race”), Albanian dhen (“(herd of) small cattle”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kins",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kin",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
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"2": "s",
"3": "kin"
},
"expansion": "kin (countable and uncountable, plural kins or kin)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "kith"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "clan"
}
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"glosses": [
"Race; family; breed; kind."
],
"id": "en-kin-en-noun-tqrO~7ki",
"links": [
[
"Race",
"race"
],
[
"family",
"family"
],
[
"breed",
"breed"
],
[
"kind",
"kind"
]
],
"tags": [
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]
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],
"examples": [
{
"text": "c. 1620, Francis Bacon, letter of advice to Sir George Villiers\nYou are of kin, and so must be a friend to their persons."
},
{
"ref": "2014, Elizabeth Kolbert, The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History, Picador, →ISBN, page 84:",
"text": "Based on the number of teeth ammonites had—nine—it's believed that their closest living kin are octopuses.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
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],
"id": "en-kin-en-noun-WKnoWb10",
"links": [
[
"Person",
"person"
],
[
"kindred",
"kindred"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(collectively) Persons of the same race or family; kindred."
],
"tags": [
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"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
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"name": "Terms with Middle English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 21 28 11 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 21 26 11 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 18 26 13 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 20 25 12 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 19 28 12 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 18 27 13 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 20 26 12 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 17 27 12 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tamil translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 20 26 12 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 20 25 12 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 18 26 14 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with ǃXóõ translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2016, Saraswati Raju, Santosh Jatrana, Women Workers in Urban India, page 280:",
"text": "Among those who derive information related to work from personal contacts, nonkins, rather than kins, constitute the most important sources even for women.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One or more relatives, such as siblings or cousins, taken collectively."
],
"id": "en-kin-en-noun-9wOg9b6L",
"links": [
[
"relative",
"relative"
],
[
"sibling",
"sibling"
],
[
"cousin",
"cousin"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "13 27 49 11",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔahl",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "أَهْل"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 27 49 11",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔaqārib",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "أَقَارِب"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 27 49 11",
"code": "afb",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ahal",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"tags": [
"Gulf-Arabic"
],
"word": "اهل"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 27 49 11",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "cʻeġ",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "ցեղ"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 27 49 11",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "tohm",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "տոհմ"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 27 49 11",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "azgutak",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "ազգուտակ"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 27 49 11",
"code": "xcl",
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"roman": "cʻeł",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "ցեղ"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 27 49 11",
"code": "xcl",
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"roman": "tohm",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "տոհմ"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 27 49 11",
"code": "xcl",
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"roman": "zarm",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "զարմ"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 27 49 11",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "radnjá",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "радня́"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 27 49 11",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "rod",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "род"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 27 49 11",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "親屬"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 27 49 11",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qīnshǔ",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "亲属"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 27 49 11",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "親族"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 27 49 11",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qīnzú",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "亲族"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 27 49 11",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "verwanten"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 27 49 11",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural"
],
"word": "ættarfólk"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 27 49 11",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "suku"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 27 49 11",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "proches"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 27 49 11",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "parenté"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 27 49 11",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "natesaoba",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "ნათესაობა"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 27 49 11",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "modgma",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "მოდგმა"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 27 49 11",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "čamomavloba",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "ჩამომავლობა"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 27 49 11",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Verwandtschaft"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 27 49 11",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "Verwandte"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 27 49 11",
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "kuni",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌹"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 27 49 11",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "syngeneís",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "συγγενείς"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 27 49 11",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "oikogéneia",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "οικογένεια"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 27 49 11",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "rokonság"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 27 49 11",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural"
],
"word": "ættmenni"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 27 49 11",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural"
],
"word": "skyldmenni"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 27 49 11",
"alt": "しんぞく",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shinzoku",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "親族"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 27 49 11",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "chinjok",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "친족"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 27 49 11",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "ngare"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 27 49 11",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "huānga"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 27 49 11",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "kynrede"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 27 49 11",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "kyn"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 27 49 11",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "parentes"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 27 49 11",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "parentagem"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 27 49 11",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rodnjá",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "родня́"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 27 49 11",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ródstvenniki",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "ро́дственники"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 27 49 11",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ródiči",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "ро́дичи"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 27 49 11",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "soródiči",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "соро́дичи"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 27 49 11",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "càirdeas"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 27 49 11",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "sorodstvo"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 27 49 11",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "parentaje"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 27 49 11",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "hinlog"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 27 49 11",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "akraba"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 27 49 11",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "ridnjá",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "рідня́"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 27 49 11",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "ródyči",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "ро́дичі"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 27 49 11",
"code": "nmn",
"lang": "ǃXóõ",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "tâa"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 27 49 11",
"code": "nmn",
"lang": "ǃXóõ",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "ǃkxʻái"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 18 27 14 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 20 26 13 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 19 28 12 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 18 25 13 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 17 25 12 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 19 25 14 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 19 28 12 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Faroese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 18 25 13 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 18 25 13 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 18 26 12 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 17 25 14 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 20 25 11 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Gothic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 16 22 12 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 25 19 14 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Gulf Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 15 24 11 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 20 25 12 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 18 26 13 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 20 25 12 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 19 23 12 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 20 26 12 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 18 25 13 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Middle English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 21 28 11 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 21 26 11 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 18 26 13 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 20 25 12 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 19 28 12 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 18 27 13 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 20 26 12 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 17 27 12 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tamil translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 20 26 12 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 20 25 12 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 18 26 14 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with ǃXóõ translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 11 6 18 6 2 9 6 6 16 10",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Fandom",
"orig": "en:Fandom",
"parents": [
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 17 12 10 15 5 2 2 3 7 4 9",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Otherkin",
"orig": "en:Otherkin",
"parents": [
"Mysticism",
"Religion",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 10 7 0 23 5 0 19 6 8 0 20",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1814 May 9, [Jane Austen], chapter XIII, in Mansfield Park: […], volume III, London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC, page 248:",
"text": "Such sensations, however, were too near a kin to resentment to be long guiding Fanny's soliloquies.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Relationship; same-bloodedness or affinity; near connection or alliance, as of those having common descent."
],
"id": "en-kin-en-noun-wegN-A-o",
"links": [
[
"Relationship",
"relationship"
],
[
"same-bloodedness",
"same-bloodedness"
],
[
"affinity",
"affinity"
],
[
"connection",
"connection"
],
[
"alliance",
"alliance"
],
[
"descent",
"descent"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "kĭn"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɪn/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-kin.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8f/En-us-kin.ogg/En-us-kin.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/En-us-kin.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪn"
}
],
"word": "kin"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵenh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "kyn"
},
"expansion": "Middle English kyn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cynn",
"4": "",
"5": "kind, sort, rank"
},
"expansion": "Old English cynn (“kind, sort, rank”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kuni"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kuni",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kunją",
"4": "",
"5": "race, generation, descent"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kunją (“race, generation, descent”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ǵn̥h₁yom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₁yom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "kin",
"3": "",
"4": "relatives, kinfolk"
},
"expansion": "Scots kin (“relatives, kinfolk”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "kinn"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian kinn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kunne",
"3": "",
"4": "gender, sex"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kunne (“gender, sex”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "kunne",
"3": "",
"4": "gender, sex, race, family, lineage"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German kunne (“gender, sex, race, family, lineage”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "køn",
"3": "",
"4": "gender, sex"
},
"expansion": "Danish køn (“gender, sex”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kön",
"3": "",
"4": "gender, sex"
},
"expansion": "Swedish kön (“gender, sex”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "kyn",
"3": "",
"4": "gender"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic kyn (“gender”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kunnia",
"3": "",
"4": "honour, glory"
},
"expansion": "Finnish kunnia (“honour, glory”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "kunnia",
"3": "",
"4": "reputation"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian kunnia (“reputation”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English kyn, from Old English cynn (“kind, sort, rank”), from Proto-West Germanic *kuni, from Proto-Germanic *kunją (“race, generation, descent”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₁yom, from *ǵenh₁- (“to produce”).\nCognate with Scots kin (“relatives, kinfolk”), North Frisian kinn, kenn (“gender, race, family, kinship”), Dutch kunne (“gender, sex”), Middle Low German kunne (“gender, sex, race, family, lineage”), Danish køn (“gender, sex”), Swedish kön (“gender, sex”), Icelandic kyn (“gender”), Finnish kunnia (“honour, glory”), Ingrian kunnia (“reputation”), and through Indo-European, with Latin genus (“kind, sort, ancestry, birth”), Ancient Greek γένος (génos, “kind, race”), Sanskrit जनस् (jánas, “kind, race”), Albanian dhen (“(herd of) small cattle”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "kin (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 7 11 6 6 9 4 4 7 15 5 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 18 27 14 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 9 12 6 4 8 4 4 6 15 4 14 0 0 1",
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"name": "Pages with 22 entries",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 8 12 6 4 8 4 4 7 16 4 15 0 0 0",
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"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 20 26 13 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 19 28 12 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 18 25 13 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 17 25 12 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 19 25 14 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 19 28 12 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Faroese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 18 25 13 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 18 25 13 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 18 26 12 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 17 25 14 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 20 25 11 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Gothic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 16 22 12 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 25 19 14 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Gulf Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 15 24 11 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 20 25 12 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 18 26 13 12",
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"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 20 25 12 16",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 19 23 12 18",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 20 26 12 15",
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"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 18 25 13 16",
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"name": "Terms with Middle English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 21 28 11 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 21 26 11 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 18 26 13 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 20 25 12 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 19 28 12 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 18 27 13 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 20 26 12 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 17 27 12 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tamil translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 20 26 12 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 20 25 12 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 18 26 14 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with ǃXóõ translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 11 15 5 7 8 2 5 6 14 3 13",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "en:Collectives",
"parents": [
"Miscellaneous",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 17 12 10 15 5 2 2 3 7 4 9",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Otherkin",
"orig": "en:Otherkin",
"parents": [
"Mysticism",
"Religion",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "It turns out my back-fence neighbor is kin to one of my co-workers.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Related by blood or marriage, akin. Generally used in \"kin to\"."
],
"id": "en-kin-en-adj-78LZYLHr",
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sroden",
"sense": "related by blood or marriage",
"word": "сроден"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "related by blood or marriage",
"word": "sukua oleva"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "related by blood or marriage",
"word": "apparenté"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "related by blood or marriage",
"word": "skyldur"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "related by blood or marriage",
"word": "aparentado"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "related by blood or marriage",
"word": "càirdeach"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "related by blood or marriage",
"word": "karugo"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "related by blood or marriage",
"word": "kadugo"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "kēḷir",
"sense": "related by blood or marriage",
"word": "கேளிர்"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "related by blood or marriage",
"word": "akraba"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "kĭn"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɪn/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-kin.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8f/En-us-kin.ogg/En-us-kin.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/En-us-kin.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪn"
}
],
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}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cmn",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Mandarin",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "琴"
},
"expansion": "琴 (qín)",
"name": "zh-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ja",
"3": "琴",
"tr": "kin"
},
"expansion": "Japanese 琴 (kin)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Mandarin 琴 (qín), from a non-palatal dialect akin to Peking; or less likely, from Japanese 琴 (kin).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kins",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "kin (plural kins)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "Chinese string instrument",
"word": "qin"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1899, Hugo Riemann, Catechism of Musical History: History of musical instruments and history of tone-systems and notation:",
"text": "Originally they had only two cither-like instruments, which had flat sound-boxes without fingerboards, over which were strung rather a large number (25) of strings of twisted silk — the kin and tsche.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1840, Elijah Coleman Bridgman, Samuel Wells Williams, The Chinese Repository, page 40:",
"text": "If a musician were going to give a lecture upon the mathematical part of his art, he would find a very elegant substitute for the monochord in the Chinese kin.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of qin (“Chinese string instrument”)"
],
"id": "en-kin-en-noun-G9YcvJ5J",
"links": [
[
"qin",
"qin#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
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{
"enpr": "kĭn"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɪn/"
},
{
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/En-us-kin.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪn"
}
],
"word": "kin"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fictionkin"
},
"expansion": "Clipping of fictionkin",
"name": "clipping"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Clipping of fictionkin.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kins",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kinning",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kinned",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kinned",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "kin (third-person singular simple present kins, present participle kinning, simple past and past participle kinned)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 6 11 6 18 6 2 9 6 6 16 10",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Fandom",
"orig": "en:Fandom",
"parents": [
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To identify with; as in spiritually connect to a fictional or non-fictional being."
],
"id": "en-kin-en-verb-UvWwJmlW",
"links": [
[
"fandom",
"fandom"
],
[
"slang",
"slang"
],
[
"identify",
"identify"
],
[
"spiritually",
"spiritually"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, fandom slang) To identify with; as in spiritually connect to a fictional or non-fictional being."
],
"tags": [
"slang",
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"lifestyle"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
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{
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪn"
}
],
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}
{
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fictionkin"
},
"expansion": "Clipping of fictionkin",
"name": "clipping"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Clipping of fictionkin.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kins",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kin",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "kin"
},
"expansion": "kin (plural kins or kin)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A fictional or non-fictional being whom one spiritually connects to."
],
"id": "en-kin-en-noun-rkLy6GrQ",
"links": [
[
"fandom",
"fandom"
],
[
"slang",
"slang"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(fandom slang) A fictional or non-fictional being whom one spiritually connects to."
],
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"topics": [
"lifestyle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 10 7 0 23 5 0 19 6 8 0 20",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Alternative form: kinnie"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Someone who identifies with a certain fictional character."
],
"id": "en-kin-en-noun-3yepwbQh",
"links": [
[
"fandom",
"fandom"
],
[
"slang",
"slang"
],
[
"character",
"character"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(fandom slang, in the form (character name) kin) Someone who identifies with a certain fictional character."
],
"raw_tags": [
"in the form (character name) kin"
],
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"topics": [
"lifestyle"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
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},
{
"ipa": "/kɪn/"
},
{
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪn"
}
],
"word": "kin"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"forms": [
{
"form": "kins",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "kin (plural kins)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "k'in"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of k'in"
],
"id": "en-kin-en-noun-TzE50v8D",
"links": [
[
"k'in",
"k'in#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "kĭn"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɪn/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-kin.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8f/En-us-kin.ogg/En-us-kin.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/En-us-kin.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪn"
}
],
"word": "kin"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "kin",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "can"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English pronunciation spellings",
"parents": [
"Pronunciation spellings",
"Terms by orthographic property",
"Terms by lexical property"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "12 7 11 6 6 9 4 4 7 15 5 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 9 12 6 4 8 4 4 6 15 4 14 0 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 22 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 8 12 6 4 8 4 4 7 16 4 15 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 11 15 5 7 8 2 5 6 14 3 13",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "en:Collectives",
"parents": [
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"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 10 7 0 23 5 0 19 6 8 0 20",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1959 January 5, Walt Kelly, Pogo, comic strip, →ISBN, page 4:",
"text": "[Owl:] Oh I ain't stealin' this dime... I just took it for safe-keepin'.\n [Turtle:] Ain't much you kin do with it—'cept make a phone call.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Pronunciation spelling of can."
],
"id": "en-kin-en-verb-ILHAq89V",
"links": [
[
"Pronunciation spelling",
"pronunciation spelling"
],
[
"can",
"can#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"pronunciation-spelling"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "kĭn"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɪn/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-kin.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8f/En-us-kin.ogg/En-us-kin.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/En-us-kin.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪn"
}
],
"word": "kin"
}
{
"etymology_number": 6,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "kin (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "kinesiology"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 7 11 6 6 9 4 4 7 15 5 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 9 12 6 4 8 4 4 6 15 4 14 0 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 22 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 8 12 6 4 8 4 4 7 16 4 15 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 11 15 5 7 8 2 5 6 14 3 13",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "en:Collectives",
"parents": [
"Miscellaneous",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Short for kinesiology."
],
"id": "en-kin-en-noun-ojSnxJ2Y",
"links": [
[
"kinesiology",
"kinesiology#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) Short for kinesiology."
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"colloquial",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "kĭn"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɪn/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-kin.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8f/En-us-kin.ogg/En-us-kin.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/En-us-kin.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪn"
}
],
"word": "kin"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English indeclinable nouns",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵenh₁-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English three-letter words",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 22 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɪn",
"Rhymes:English/ɪn/1 syllable",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Gothic translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Gulf Arabic translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Middle English translations",
"Terms with Old Armenian translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Tamil translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with ǃXóõ translations",
"en:Collectives",
"en:Fandom",
"en:Otherkin",
"en:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "akin"
},
{
"word": "fictive kin"
},
{
"word": "kind"
},
{
"word": "kindred"
},
{
"word": "kinfolk"
},
{
"word": "kinhood"
},
{
"word": "kin selection"
},
{
"word": "kinship"
},
{
"word": "kinsman"
},
{
"word": "kinstate"
},
{
"word": "kin state"
},
{
"word": "kinswoman"
},
{
"word": "kissing kin"
},
{
"word": "kith and kin"
},
{
"word": "next of kin"
},
{
"word": "otakukin"
},
{
"word": "otherkin"
},
{
"word": "totem kin"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵenh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "kyn"
},
"expansion": "Middle English kyn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cynn",
"4": "",
"5": "kind, sort, rank"
},
"expansion": "Old English cynn (“kind, sort, rank”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kuni"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kuni",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kunją",
"4": "",
"5": "race, generation, descent"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kunją (“race, generation, descent”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ǵn̥h₁yom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₁yom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "kin",
"3": "",
"4": "relatives, kinfolk"
},
"expansion": "Scots kin (“relatives, kinfolk”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "kinn"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian kinn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kunne",
"3": "",
"4": "gender, sex"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kunne (“gender, sex”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "kunne",
"3": "",
"4": "gender, sex, race, family, lineage"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German kunne (“gender, sex, race, family, lineage”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "køn",
"3": "",
"4": "gender, sex"
},
"expansion": "Danish køn (“gender, sex”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kön",
"3": "",
"4": "gender, sex"
},
"expansion": "Swedish kön (“gender, sex”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "kyn",
"3": "",
"4": "gender"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic kyn (“gender”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kunnia",
"3": "",
"4": "honour, glory"
},
"expansion": "Finnish kunnia (“honour, glory”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "kunnia",
"3": "",
"4": "reputation"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian kunnia (“reputation”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English kyn, from Old English cynn (“kind, sort, rank”), from Proto-West Germanic *kuni, from Proto-Germanic *kunją (“race, generation, descent”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₁yom, from *ǵenh₁- (“to produce”).\nCognate with Scots kin (“relatives, kinfolk”), North Frisian kinn, kenn (“gender, race, family, kinship”), Dutch kunne (“gender, sex”), Middle Low German kunne (“gender, sex, race, family, lineage”), Danish køn (“gender, sex”), Swedish kön (“gender, sex”), Icelandic kyn (“gender”), Finnish kunnia (“honour, glory”), Ingrian kunnia (“reputation”), and through Indo-European, with Latin genus (“kind, sort, ancestry, birth”), Ancient Greek γένος (génos, “kind, race”), Sanskrit जनस् (jánas, “kind, race”), Albanian dhen (“(herd of) small cattle”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kins",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kin",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~",
"2": "s",
"3": "kin"
},
"expansion": "kin (countable and uncountable, plural kins or kin)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "kith"
},
{
"word": "clan"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Race; family; breed; kind."
],
"links": [
[
"Race",
"race"
],
[
"family",
"family"
],
[
"breed",
"breed"
],
[
"kind",
"kind"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English collective nouns",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "c. 1620, Francis Bacon, letter of advice to Sir George Villiers\nYou are of kin, and so must be a friend to their persons."
},
{
"ref": "2014, Elizabeth Kolbert, The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History, Picador, →ISBN, page 84:",
"text": "Based on the number of teeth ammonites had—nine—it's believed that their closest living kin are octopuses.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Persons of the same race or family; kindred."
],
"links": [
[
"Person",
"person"
],
[
"kindred",
"kindred"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(collectively) Persons of the same race or family; kindred."
],
"tags": [
"collective",
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2016, Saraswati Raju, Santosh Jatrana, Women Workers in Urban India, page 280:",
"text": "Among those who derive information related to work from personal contacts, nonkins, rather than kins, constitute the most important sources even for women.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One or more relatives, such as siblings or cousins, taken collectively."
],
"links": [
[
"relative",
"relative"
],
[
"sibling",
"sibling"
],
[
"cousin",
"cousin"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1814 May 9, [Jane Austen], chapter XIII, in Mansfield Park: […], volume III, London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC, page 248:",
"text": "Such sensations, however, were too near a kin to resentment to be long guiding Fanny's soliloquies.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Relationship; same-bloodedness or affinity; near connection or alliance, as of those having common descent."
],
"links": [
[
"Relationship",
"relationship"
],
[
"same-bloodedness",
"same-bloodedness"
],
[
"affinity",
"affinity"
],
[
"connection",
"connection"
],
[
"alliance",
"alliance"
],
[
"descent",
"descent"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "kĭn"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɪn/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-kin.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8f/En-us-kin.ogg/En-us-kin.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/En-us-kin.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪn"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔahl",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "أَهْل"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔaqārib",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "أَقَارِب"
},
{
"code": "afb",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ahal",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"tags": [
"Gulf-Arabic"
],
"word": "اهل"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "cʻeġ",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "ցեղ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "tohm",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "տոհմ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "azgutak",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "ազգուտակ"
},
{
"code": "xcl",
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"roman": "cʻeł",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "ցեղ"
},
{
"code": "xcl",
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"roman": "tohm",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "տոհմ"
},
{
"code": "xcl",
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"roman": "zarm",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "զարմ"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "radnjá",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "радня́"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "rod",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "род"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "親屬"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qīnshǔ",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "亲属"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "親族"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qīnzú",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "亲族"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "verwanten"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural"
],
"word": "ættarfólk"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "suku"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "proches"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "parenté"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "natesaoba",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "ნათესაობა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "modgma",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "მოდგმა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "čamomavloba",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "ჩამომავლობა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Verwandtschaft"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "Verwandte"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "kuni",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌹"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "syngeneís",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "συγγενείς"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "oikogéneia",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "οικογένεια"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "rokonság"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural"
],
"word": "ættmenni"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural"
],
"word": "skyldmenni"
},
{
"alt": "しんぞく",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shinzoku",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "親族"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "chinjok",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "친족"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "ngare"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "huānga"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "kynrede"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "kyn"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "parentes"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "parentagem"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rodnjá",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "родня́"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ródstvenniki",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "ро́дственники"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ródiči",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "ро́дичи"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "soródiči",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "соро́дичи"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "càirdeas"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "sorodstvo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "parentaje"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "hinlog"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "akraba"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "ridnjá",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "рідня́"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "ródyči",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "ро́дичі"
},
{
"code": "nmn",
"lang": "ǃXóõ",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "tâa"
},
{
"code": "nmn",
"lang": "ǃXóõ",
"sense": "relatives collectively",
"word": "ǃkxʻái"
}
],
"word": "kin"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English indeclinable nouns",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵenh₁-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English three-letter words",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 22 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɪn",
"Rhymes:English/ɪn/1 syllable",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Gothic translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Gulf Arabic translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Middle English translations",
"Terms with Old Armenian translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Tamil translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with ǃXóõ translations",
"en:Collectives",
"en:Fandom",
"en:Otherkin",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵenh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "kyn"
},
"expansion": "Middle English kyn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cynn",
"4": "",
"5": "kind, sort, rank"
},
"expansion": "Old English cynn (“kind, sort, rank”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kuni"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kuni",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kunją",
"4": "",
"5": "race, generation, descent"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kunją (“race, generation, descent”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ǵn̥h₁yom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₁yom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "kin",
"3": "",
"4": "relatives, kinfolk"
},
"expansion": "Scots kin (“relatives, kinfolk”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "kinn"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian kinn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kunne",
"3": "",
"4": "gender, sex"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kunne (“gender, sex”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "kunne",
"3": "",
"4": "gender, sex, race, family, lineage"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German kunne (“gender, sex, race, family, lineage”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "køn",
"3": "",
"4": "gender, sex"
},
"expansion": "Danish køn (“gender, sex”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kön",
"3": "",
"4": "gender, sex"
},
"expansion": "Swedish kön (“gender, sex”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "kyn",
"3": "",
"4": "gender"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic kyn (“gender”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kunnia",
"3": "",
"4": "honour, glory"
},
"expansion": "Finnish kunnia (“honour, glory”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "kunnia",
"3": "",
"4": "reputation"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian kunnia (“reputation”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English kyn, from Old English cynn (“kind, sort, rank”), from Proto-West Germanic *kuni, from Proto-Germanic *kunją (“race, generation, descent”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₁yom, from *ǵenh₁- (“to produce”).\nCognate with Scots kin (“relatives, kinfolk”), North Frisian kinn, kenn (“gender, race, family, kinship”), Dutch kunne (“gender, sex”), Middle Low German kunne (“gender, sex, race, family, lineage”), Danish køn (“gender, sex”), Swedish kön (“gender, sex”), Icelandic kyn (“gender”), Finnish kunnia (“honour, glory”), Ingrian kunnia (“reputation”), and through Indo-European, with Latin genus (“kind, sort, ancestry, birth”), Ancient Greek γένος (génos, “kind, race”), Sanskrit जनस् (jánas, “kind, race”), Albanian dhen (“(herd of) small cattle”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "kin (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "It turns out my back-fence neighbor is kin to one of my co-workers.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Related by blood or marriage, akin. Generally used in \"kin to\"."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "kĭn"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɪn/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-kin.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8f/En-us-kin.ogg/En-us-kin.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/En-us-kin.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪn"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sroden",
"sense": "related by blood or marriage",
"word": "сроден"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "related by blood or marriage",
"word": "sukua oleva"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "related by blood or marriage",
"word": "apparenté"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "related by blood or marriage",
"word": "skyldur"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "related by blood or marriage",
"word": "aparentado"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "related by blood or marriage",
"word": "càirdeach"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "related by blood or marriage",
"word": "karugo"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "related by blood or marriage",
"word": "kadugo"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "kēḷir",
"sense": "related by blood or marriage",
"word": "கேளிர்"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "related by blood or marriage",
"word": "akraba"
}
],
"word": "kin"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Japanese",
"English terms borrowed from Mandarin",
"English terms derived from Japanese",
"English terms derived from Mandarin",
"English three-letter words",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 22 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɪn",
"Rhymes:English/ɪn/1 syllable",
"en:Collectives",
"en:Fandom",
"en:Otherkin",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cmn",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Mandarin",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "琴"
},
"expansion": "琴 (qín)",
"name": "zh-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ja",
"3": "琴",
"tr": "kin"
},
"expansion": "Japanese 琴 (kin)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Mandarin 琴 (qín), from a non-palatal dialect akin to Peking; or less likely, from Japanese 琴 (kin).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kins",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "kin (plural kins)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "Chinese string instrument",
"word": "qin"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1899, Hugo Riemann, Catechism of Musical History: History of musical instruments and history of tone-systems and notation:",
"text": "Originally they had only two cither-like instruments, which had flat sound-boxes without fingerboards, over which were strung rather a large number (25) of strings of twisted silk — the kin and tsche.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1840, Elijah Coleman Bridgman, Samuel Wells Williams, The Chinese Repository, page 40:",
"text": "If a musician were going to give a lecture upon the mathematical part of his art, he would find a very elegant substitute for the monochord in the Chinese kin.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of qin (“Chinese string instrument”)"
],
"links": [
[
"qin",
"qin#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "kĭn"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɪn/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-kin.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8f/En-us-kin.ogg/En-us-kin.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/En-us-kin.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪn"
}
],
"word": "kin"
}
{
"categories": [
"English clippings",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English indeclinable nouns",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English three-letter words",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 22 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɪn",
"Rhymes:English/ɪn/1 syllable",
"en:Collectives",
"en:Fandom",
"en:Otherkin",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fictionkin"
},
"expansion": "Clipping of fictionkin",
"name": "clipping"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Clipping of fictionkin.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kins",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kinning",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kinned",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kinned",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "kin (third-person singular simple present kins, present participle kinning, simple past and past participle kinned)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English fandom slang",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To identify with; as in spiritually connect to a fictional or non-fictional being."
],
"links": [
[
"fandom",
"fandom"
],
[
"slang",
"slang"
],
[
"identify",
"identify"
],
[
"spiritually",
"spiritually"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, fandom slang) To identify with; as in spiritually connect to a fictional or non-fictional being."
],
"tags": [
"slang",
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"lifestyle"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "kĭn"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɪn/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-kin.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8f/En-us-kin.ogg/En-us-kin.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/En-us-kin.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪn"
}
],
"word": "kin"
}
{
"categories": [
"English clippings",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English indeclinable nouns",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English three-letter words",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 22 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɪn",
"Rhymes:English/ɪn/1 syllable",
"en:Collectives",
"en:Fandom",
"en:Otherkin",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fictionkin"
},
"expansion": "Clipping of fictionkin",
"name": "clipping"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Clipping of fictionkin.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kins",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kin",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "kin"
},
"expansion": "kin (plural kins or kin)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English fandom slang"
],
"glosses": [
"A fictional or non-fictional being whom one spiritually connects to."
],
"links": [
[
"fandom",
"fandom"
],
[
"slang",
"slang"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(fandom slang) A fictional or non-fictional being whom one spiritually connects to."
],
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"topics": [
"lifestyle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English fandom slang"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Alternative form: kinnie"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Someone who identifies with a certain fictional character."
],
"links": [
[
"fandom",
"fandom"
],
[
"slang",
"slang"
],
[
"character",
"character"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(fandom slang, in the form (character name) kin) Someone who identifies with a certain fictional character."
],
"raw_tags": [
"in the form (character name) kin"
],
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"topics": [
"lifestyle"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "kĭn"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɪn/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-kin.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8f/En-us-kin.ogg/En-us-kin.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/En-us-kin.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪn"
}
],
"word": "kin"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English three-letter words",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 22 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɪn",
"Rhymes:English/ɪn/1 syllable",
"en:Collectives",
"en:Fandom",
"en:Otherkin",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"forms": [
{
"form": "kins",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "kin (plural kins)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "k'in"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of k'in"
],
"links": [
[
"k'in",
"k'in#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "kĭn"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɪn/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-kin.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8f/En-us-kin.ogg/En-us-kin.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/En-us-kin.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪn"
}
],
"word": "kin"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English three-letter words",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 22 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɪn",
"Rhymes:English/ɪn/1 syllable",
"en:Collectives",
"en:Fandom",
"en:Otherkin",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "kin",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "can"
}
],
"categories": [
"English pronunciation spellings",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1959 January 5, Walt Kelly, Pogo, comic strip, →ISBN, page 4:",
"text": "[Owl:] Oh I ain't stealin' this dime... I just took it for safe-keepin'.\n [Turtle:] Ain't much you kin do with it—'cept make a phone call.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Pronunciation spelling of can."
],
"links": [
[
"Pronunciation spelling",
"pronunciation spelling"
],
[
"can",
"can#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"pronunciation-spelling"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "kĭn"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɪn/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-kin.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8f/En-us-kin.ogg/En-us-kin.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/En-us-kin.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪn"
}
],
"word": "kin"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English three-letter words",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 22 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɪn",
"Rhymes:English/ɪn/1 syllable",
"en:Collectives",
"en:Fandom",
"en:Otherkin",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_number": 6,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "kin (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "kinesiology"
}
],
"categories": [
"English colloquialisms",
"English short forms"
],
"glosses": [
"Short for kinesiology."
],
"links": [
[
"kinesiology",
"kinesiology#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) Short for kinesiology."
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"colloquial",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "kĭn"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɪn/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-kin.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8f/En-us-kin.ogg/En-us-kin.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/En-us-kin.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪn"
}
],
"word": "kin"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kin meaning in English (30.4kB)
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "kin/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Gulf-Arabic not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English adjectives\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English indeclinable nouns\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English nouns with irregular plurals\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵenh₁-\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English three-letter words\", \"English uncomparable adjectives\", \"English uncountable nouns\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 22 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/ɪn\", \"Rhymes:English/ɪn/1 syllable\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Armenian translations\", \"Terms with Belarusian translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Faroese translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Georgian translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Gothic translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Gulf Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Middle English translations\", \"Terms with Old Armenian translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Tagalog translations\", \"Terms with Tamil translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with ǃXóõ translations\", \"en:Collectives\", \"en:Fandom\", \"en:Otherkin\", \"en:People\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"akin\"}, {\"word\": \"fictive kin\"}, {\"word\": \"kind\"}, {\"word\": \"kindred\"}, {\"word\": \"kinfolk\"}, {\"word\": \"kinhood\"}, {\"word\": \"kin selection\"}, {\"word\": \"kinship\"}, {\"word\": \"kinsman\"}, {\"word\": \"kinstate\"}, {\"word\": \"kin state\"}, {\"word\": \"kinswoman\"}, {\"word\": \"kissing kin\"}, {\"word\": \"kith and kin\"}, {\"word\": \"next of kin\"}, {\"word\": \"otakukin\"}, {\"word\": \"otherkin\"}, {\"word\": \"totem kin\"}], \"etymology_number\": 1, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*ǵenh₁-\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"kyn\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English kyn\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"cynn\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"kind, sort, rank\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English cynn (“kind, sort, rank”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*kuni\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *kuni\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*kunją\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"race, generation, descent\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *kunją (“race, generation, descent”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"*ǵn̥h₁yom\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₁yom\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sco\", \"2\": \"kin\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"relatives, kinfolk\"}, \"expansion\": \"Scots kin (“relatives, kinfolk”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"frr\", \"2\": \"kinn\"}, \"expansion\": \"North Frisian kinn\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nl\", \"2\": \"kunne\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"gender, sex\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch kunne (“gender, sex”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"gml\", \"2\": \"kunne\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"gender, sex, race, family, lineage\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle Low German kunne (“gender, sex, race, family, lineage”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"da\", \"2\": \"køn\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"gender, sex\"}, \"expansion\": \"Danish køn (“gender, sex”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sv\", \"2\": \"kön\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"gender, sex\"}, \"expansion\": \"Swedish kön (“gender, sex”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"is\", \"2\": \"kyn\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"gender\"}, \"expansion\": \"Icelandic kyn (“gender”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fi\", \"2\": \"kunnia\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"honour, glory\"}, \"expansion\": \"Finnish kunnia (“honour, glory”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"izh\", \"2\": \"kunnia\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"reputation\"}, \"expansion\": \"Ingrian kunnia (“reputation”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English kyn, from Old English cynn (“kind, sort, rank”), from Proto-West Germanic *kuni, from Proto-Germanic *kunją (“race, generation, descent”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₁yom, from *ǵenh₁- (“to produce”).\\nCognate with Scots kin (“relatives, kinfolk”), North Frisian kinn, kenn (“gender, race, family, kinship”), Dutch kunne (“gender, sex”), Middle Low German kunne (“gender, sex, race, family, lineage”), Danish køn (“gender, sex”), Swedish kön (“gender, sex”), Icelandic kyn (“gender”), Finnish kunnia (“honour, glory”), Ingrian kunnia (“reputation”), and through Indo-European, with Latin genus (“kind, sort, ancestry, birth”), Ancient Greek γένος (génos, “kind, race”), Sanskrit जनस् (jánas, “kind, race”), Albanian dhen (“(herd of) small cattle”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"kins\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}, {\"form\": \"kin\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"~\", \"2\": \"s\", \"3\": \"kin\"}, \"expansion\": \"kin (countable and uncountable, plural kins or kin)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"kith\"}, {\"word\": \"clan\"}], \"senses\": [{\"glosses\": [\"Race; family; breed; kind.\"], \"links\": [[\"Race\", \"race\"], [\"family\", \"family\"], [\"breed\", \"breed\"], [\"kind\", \"kind\"]], \"tags\": [\"countable\", \"uncountable\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English collective nouns\", \"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"c. 1620, Francis Bacon, letter of advice to Sir George Villiers\\nYou are of kin, and so must be a friend to their persons.\"}, {\"ref\": \"2014, Elizabeth Kolbert, The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History, Picador, →ISBN, page 84:\", \"text\": \"Based on the number of teeth ammonites had—nine—it's believed that their closest living kin are octopuses.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Persons of the same race or family; kindred.\"], \"links\": [[\"Person\", \"person\"], [\"kindred\", \"kindred\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(collectively) Persons of the same race or family; kindred.\"], \"tags\": [\"collective\", \"countable\", \"uncountable\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"Quotation templates to be cleaned\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"2016, Saraswati Raju, Santosh Jatrana, Women Workers in Urban India, page 280:\", \"text\": \"Among those who derive information related to work from personal contacts, nonkins, rather than kins, constitute the most important sources even for women.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"One or more relatives, such as siblings or cousins, taken collectively.\"], \"links\": [[\"relative\", \"relative\"], [\"sibling\", \"sibling\"], [\"cousin\", \"cousin\"]], \"tags\": [\"countable\", \"uncountable\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1814 May 9, [Jane Austen], chapter XIII, in Mansfield Park: […], volume III, London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC, page 248:\", \"text\": \"Such sensations, however, were too near a kin to resentment to be long guiding Fanny's soliloquies.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Relationship; same-bloodedness or affinity; near connection or alliance, as of those having common descent.\"], \"links\": [[\"Relationship\", \"relationship\"], [\"same-bloodedness\", \"same-bloodedness\"], [\"affinity\", \"affinity\"], [\"connection\", \"connection\"], [\"alliance\", \"alliance\"], [\"descent\", \"descent\"]], \"tags\": [\"countable\", \"uncountable\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"enpr\": \"kĭn\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/kɪn/\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-kin.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8f/En-us-kin.ogg/En-us-kin.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/En-us-kin.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɪn\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ʔahl\", \"sense\": \"relatives collectively\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"أَهْل\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ʔaqārib\", \"sense\": \"relatives collectively\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"], \"word\": \"أَقَارِب\"}, {\"code\": \"afb\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ahal\", \"sense\": \"relatives collectively\", \"tags\": [\"Gulf-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"اهل\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"cʻeġ\", \"sense\": \"relatives collectively\", \"word\": \"ցեղ\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"tohm\", \"sense\": \"relatives collectively\", \"word\": \"տոհմ\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"azgutak\", \"sense\": \"relatives collectively\", \"word\": \"ազգուտակ\"}, {\"code\": \"xcl\", \"lang\": \"Old Armenian\", \"roman\": \"cʻeł\", \"sense\": \"relatives collectively\", \"word\": \"ցեղ\"}, {\"code\": \"xcl\", \"lang\": \"Old Armenian\", \"roman\": \"tohm\", \"sense\": \"relatives collectively\", \"word\": \"տոհմ\"}, {\"code\": \"xcl\", \"lang\": \"Old Armenian\", \"roman\": \"zarm\", \"sense\": \"relatives collectively\", \"word\": \"զարմ\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"radnjá\", \"sense\": \"relatives collectively\", \"word\": \"радня́\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"rod\", \"sense\": \"relatives collectively\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"род\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"relatives collectively\", \"word\": \"親屬\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"qīnshǔ\", \"sense\": \"relatives collectively\", \"word\": \"亲属\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"relatives collectively\", \"word\": \"親族\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"qīnzú\", \"sense\": \"relatives collectively\", \"word\": \"亲族\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"relatives collectively\", \"word\": \"verwanten\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"relatives collectively\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"ættarfólk\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"relatives collectively\", \"word\": \"suku\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"relatives collectively\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"proches\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"relatives collectively\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"parenté\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"natesaoba\", \"sense\": \"relatives collectively\", \"word\": \"ნათესაობა\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"modgma\", \"sense\": \"relatives collectively\", \"word\": \"მოდგმა\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"čamomavloba\", \"sense\": \"relatives collectively\", \"word\": \"ჩამომავლობა\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"relatives collectively\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"Verwandtschaft\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"relatives collectively\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"], \"word\": \"Verwandte\"}, {\"code\": \"got\", \"lang\": \"Gothic\", \"roman\": \"kuni\", \"sense\": \"relatives collectively\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌹\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"syngeneís\", \"sense\": \"relatives collectively\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"masculine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"συγγενείς\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"oikogéneia\", \"sense\": \"relatives collectively\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"οικογένεια\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"relatives collectively\", \"word\": \"rokonság\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"relatives collectively\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"ættmenni\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"relatives collectively\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"skyldmenni\"}, {\"alt\": \"しんぞく\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"shinzoku\", \"sense\": \"relatives collectively\", \"word\": \"親族\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"chinjok\", \"sense\": \"relatives collectively\", \"word\": \"친족\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"relatives collectively\", \"word\": \"ngare\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"relatives collectively\", \"word\": \"huānga\"}, {\"code\": \"enm\", \"lang\": \"Middle English\", \"sense\": \"relatives collectively\", \"word\": \"kynrede\"}, {\"code\": \"enm\", \"lang\": \"Middle English\", \"sense\": \"relatives collectively\", \"word\": \"kyn\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"relatives collectively\", \"word\": \"parentes\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"relatives collectively\", \"word\": \"parentagem\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"rodnjá\", \"sense\": \"relatives collectively\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"родня́\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ródstvenniki\", \"sense\": \"relatives collectively\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"ро́дственники\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ródiči\", \"sense\": \"relatives collectively\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"ро́дичи\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"soródiči\", \"sense\": \"relatives collectively\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"соро́дичи\"}, {\"code\": \"gd\", \"lang\": \"Scottish Gaelic\", \"sense\": \"relatives collectively\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"càirdeas\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"relatives collectively\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"sorodstvo\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"relatives collectively\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"parentaje\"}, {\"code\": \"tl\", \"lang\": \"Tagalog\", \"sense\": \"relatives collectively\", \"word\": \"hinlog\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"relatives collectively\", \"word\": \"akraba\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"ridnjá\", \"sense\": \"relatives collectively\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"рідня́\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"ródyči\", \"sense\": \"relatives collectively\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"ро́дичі\"}, {\"code\": \"nmn\", \"lang\": \"ǃXóõ\", \"sense\": \"relatives collectively\", \"word\": \"tâa\"}, {\"code\": \"nmn\", \"lang\": \"ǃXóõ\", \"sense\": \"relatives collectively\", \"word\": \"ǃkxʻái\"}], \"word\": \"kin\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "kin",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.