English word senses marked with topical category "Heads of state"
Parent categories: Government, Positions of authority, Politics, Society, Leaders, Occupations, People, Work, Human, Human activity, Human behaviour
Total 74 word senses
- Caesar (Proper name) An ancient Roman family name, notably that of Julius Caesar.
- Caesar (Proper name) The government; society; earthly powers.
- Caesar (Noun) A title of Roman emperors.
- Caesar (Noun) Short for Caesarean section.
- Führer (Noun) Adolf Hitler when he was the chancellor of Nazi Germany.
- Kaiser (Noun) An emperor of a German-speaking country, particularly the Holy Roman Empire (962–1806), the Austrian Empire/Austria-Hungary (1806–1918), or the German Empire (1871–1918) — often specifically Wilhelm II.
- Rashtrapati (Noun) President of India
- Vladika (Noun) The head of church and state in Montenegro until 1852; the prince bishop.
- absolute monarch (Noun) The ruler of an absolute monarchy.
- amir (Noun) Alternative form of emir
- barracks emperor (Noun) An emperor who seized power by virtue of his command of the army.
- basileus (Noun) A title of the Byzantine emperor.
- caliph (Noun) The political leader of the Muslim world; the successor of the prophet Muhammad's political authority.
- caudillo (Noun) A military dictator, especially one ruling in Spain, Portugal or Latin America.
- chancellor (Noun) A senior secretary or official with administrative or legal duties, sometimes in charge of some area of government such as finance or justice.
- chancelloress (Noun) A female chancellor.
- chief minister (Noun) The leader of government in many semi-autonomous and constituent federal states.
- consul (Noun) Either of the two heads of government and state of the Roman Republic or the equivalent nominal post under the Roman and Byzantine Empires.
- consul (Noun) Any of the three heads of government and state of France between 1799 and 1804.
- consul (Noun) A councillor; A member of early modern city councils in southern France and Catalonia.
- consul (Noun) A councillor; An officer of the trading and merchant companies of early modern England.
- consul (Noun) A councillor; An official in various early modern port and trading towns, elected by resident foreign merchants to settle disputes among themselves and to represent them to the local authorities.
- consul (Noun) A high government official, generally either a coruler himself or a counsellor directly under the ruler.
- czar (Noun) Alternative spelling of tsar (especially common in American English)
- diarch (Noun) Either of the two rulers in a diarchy.
- emir (Noun) A descendant of the prophet Muhammad.
- emperor (Noun) Specifically, the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire; the world-monarch.
- empress (Noun) The female monarch (ruler) of an empire.
- god-king (Noun) A statesman who holds all the state's powers and has religious significance to his constituency.
- god-king (Noun) A king who is of divine descent.
- god-king (Noun) A monarch who is also a god.
- god-king (Noun) A tyrannical maintainer of a collaborative project.
- governor general (Noun) An official appointed by the reigning British monarch to govern a Commonwealth realm as the monarch's representative.
- governor-general (Noun) An official appointed by the reigning British monarch to govern a Commonwealth realm as the monarch's representative.
- gurkhan (Noun) A ruler of the Qara Khitai.
- head of state (Noun) The chief public representative of a nation having duties, privileges and responsibilities varying greatly depending on the constitutional rules; a monarch in a monarchy, and often styled president in a republic, but variations such as collegiality exist.
- imperator (Noun) An emperor.
- khan (Noun) A ruler over various Turkic and Mongol peoples in the Middle Ages.
- khedive (Noun) The title of the hereditary monarch of Egypt from 1805–1914, nominally ruling as a viceroy of the Sultan of Turkey.
- king (Noun) A male monarch; a man who heads a monarchy; in an absolute monarchy, the supreme ruler of his nation.
- king (Noun) The monarch with the most power and authority in a monarchy, regardless of sex.
- king of kings (Proper name) The title of an individual king who has other kings as subjects; in particular:; Jesus Christ.
- lord protector (Noun) Title of the head of state of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland
- maharaja (Noun) A Hindu monarch ranking above a raja, an emperor.
- maharajah (Noun) Alternative spelling of maharaja
- maharani (Noun) The wife of a maharajah; approximately, a queen consort.
- mayor of the palace (Noun) In the Merovingian kingdoms, the king’s steward and, by the 7th century, de facto regent.
- mikado (Noun) A game of skill, in which identically shaped (but differently colored and valued) wooden sticks must be removed from a pile without disturbing the remaining stack.
- monarch (Noun) The ruler of an absolute monarchy or the head of state of a constitutional monarchy.
- mpret (Noun) An Albanian monarch.
- negus (Noun) A drink made of wine, often port, mixed with hot water, oranges or lemons, spices and sugar.
- pharaoh (Noun) The supreme ruler of Ancient Egypt; a formal address for the sovereign seat of power as personified by the "king" in an institutional role of Horus son of Osiris; often used by metonymy for Ancient Egyptian sovereignty
- president (Noun) The head of state of a republic.
- presidentress (Noun) A female president.
- prince regent (Noun) A prince who rules a country as a regent in place of a monarch who is unfit to rule for a particular reason.
- queen (Noun) A female monarch.
- queen (Noun) A woman whose pre-eminence, power, or forcefulness is comparable to that of a queen.; The Virgin Mary (especially in formulations such as Queen of Heaven, Queen of Glory).
- queen (Noun) A monarch butterfly (Danaus spp., especially Danaus gilippus).
- regent (Noun) One who rules in place of the monarch, especially because the monarch is too young, absent, or disabled.
- regent (Noun) A member of governing board of a college or university; also a governor of the Smithsonian Institute in Washington DC.
- regent (Adjective) Ruling; governing; regnant.
- regent (Adjective) Exercising vicarious authority.
- satrap (Noun) A governor of a Persian province.
- shah (Noun) A Ukrainian monetary unit.
- sovereign (Noun) A gold coin of the United Kingdom, with a nominal value of one pound sterling but in practice used as a bullion coin.
- stadtholder (Noun) The chief magistrate, then later, hereditary chief of state of the Dutch Republic.
- sultan (Noun) A hereditary ruler in various Muslim states (sultanate), varying from petty principalities (as in Yemen), often vassal of a greater ruler, to independent realms, such as Oman, Brunei, Morocco (until 1956) or an empire such as the Turkish Ottoman Empire.
- sultana (Noun) A female ruler of a sultanate.
- tenno (Noun) The emperor of Japan as head of state and the head of the Japanese imperial family.
- tlatoani (Noun) An emperor of the Aztec kingdom.
- tsar (Noun) A person with great power; an autocrat.
- tsarina (Noun) An empress of several Eastern European countries, especially Russia, or the wife of a tsar.
- vicereine (Noun) A woman who is a viceroy.
- viceroy (Noun) An orange and black North American butterfly (Limenitis archippus), so named because it is similar to, but smaller than, the monarch butterfly.
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce).
The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.