"vitamin D" meaning in All languages combined

See vitamin D on Wiktionary

Noun [English]

Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-vitamin D.wav
Etymology: From vitamin + D (“4th letter”). From being the fourth vitamin discovered. Coined in 1922 by Elmer McCollum, who discovered the vitamin. Etymology templates: {{compound|en|vitamin|D|gloss2=4th letter}} vitamin + D (“4th letter”) Head templates: {{en-noun|-|head=vitamin D}} vitamin D (uncountable)
  1. (biochemistry) Any of a number of fat-soluble vitamins, required for normal bone development and that prevents rickets; can be manufactured in the skin on exposure to sunlight. Tags: uncountable Categories (topical): Biochemistry, Vitamins Synonyms: vit. D [abbreviation] Hypernyms: steroid, hormone Translations (any of a number of fat-soluble vitamins): 維生素D /维生素D (wéishēngsù D) (Chinese Mandarin), vitamine D [feminine, masculine] (Dutch), vitamino D (Esperanto), D-vitamiini (Finnish), D ვიტამინი (D viṭamini) (Georgian), ვიტამინი D (viṭamini D) (Georgian), Vitamin D [neuter] (German), D-vitamin (Hungarian), ビタミンD (bitamin D) (Japanese), 비타민 D (bitamin D) (Korean), vitamina D [feminine] (Portuguese), витами́н D (vitamín D) [masculine] (Russian), vitamini D (Swahili), D-vitamin (Swedish)
    Sense id: en-vitamin_D-en-noun-yiNwVjme Disambiguation of Vitamins: 93 7 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English links with redundant target parameters, Entries with translation boxes, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Esperanto translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with Georgian translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Hungarian translations, Terms with Japanese translations, Terms with Korean translations, Terms with Mandarin translations, Terms with Portuguese translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Swahili translations, Terms with Swedish translations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 85 15 Disambiguation of English links with redundant target parameters: 85 15 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 86 14 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 87 13 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 92 8 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 83 17 Disambiguation of Terms with Esperanto translations: 88 12 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 84 16 Disambiguation of Terms with Georgian translations: 82 18 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 84 16 Disambiguation of Terms with Hungarian translations: 74 26 Disambiguation of Terms with Japanese translations: 88 12 Disambiguation of Terms with Korean translations: 84 16 Disambiguation of Terms with Mandarin translations: 83 17 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 85 15 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 88 12 Disambiguation of Terms with Swahili translations: 86 14 Disambiguation of Terms with Swedish translations: 85 15 Topics: biochemistry, biology, chemistry, microbiology, natural-sciences, physical-sciences Derived forms: vitamin D1, vitamin D2, vitamin D3, vitamin D4, vitamin D5, hydroxyvitamin-D, dihydroxyvitamin-D, VDR, vitamin D receptor, previtamin D, previtamin D3 Coordinate_terms: calcitriol, calciferol, cholecalciferol, ergocalciferol, lumicalciferol, sitocalciferol, hydroxycalciferol, hydroxycholecalciferol, dihydroxycholecalciferol, dihydroxycalciferol, dehydrocholesterol, 7-dehydrocholesterol Disambiguation of 'any of a number of fat-soluble vitamins': 98 2
  2. (slang, humorous, somewhat vulgar) A dick (“penis”), especially in a sexual context. Tags: humorous, slang, uncountable, vulgar Synonyms: penis
    Sense id: en-vitamin_D-en-noun-T7xiAecL

Alternative forms

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "vitamin",
        "3": "D",
        "gloss2": "4th letter"
      },
      "expansion": "vitamin + D (“4th letter”)",
      "name": "compound"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From vitamin + D (“4th letter”). From being the fourth vitamin discovered. Coined in 1922 by Elmer McCollum, who discovered the vitamin.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-",
        "head": "vitamin D"
      },
      "expansion": "vitamin D (uncountable)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Biochemistry",
          "orig": "en:Biochemistry",
          "parents": [
            "Biology",
            "Chemistry",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "85 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "85 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English links with redundant target parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant target parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "86 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Entries with translation boxes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "87 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "92 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "83 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "88 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "84 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "82 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "84 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with German translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "74 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "88 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "84 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Korean translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "83 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "85 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "88 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Russian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "86 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Swahili translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "85 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "93 7",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Vitamins",
          "orig": "en:Vitamins",
          "parents": [
            "Biomolecules",
            "Biochemistry",
            "Body parts",
            "Organic compounds",
            "Biology",
            "Chemistry",
            "Body",
            "Anatomy",
            "Matter",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Medicine",
            "Nature",
            "Fundamental",
            "Healthcare",
            "Health"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "coordinate_terms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "word": "calcitriol"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "word": "calciferol"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "word": "cholecalciferol"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "word": "ergocalciferol"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "word": "lumicalciferol"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "word": "sitocalciferol"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "word": "hydroxycalciferol"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "word": "hydroxycholecalciferol"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "word": "dihydroxycholecalciferol"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "word": "dihydroxycalciferol"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "word": "dehydrocholesterol"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "word": "7-dehydrocholesterol"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "word": "vitamin D1"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "word": "vitamin D2"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "word": "vitamin D3"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "word": "vitamin D4"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "word": "vitamin D5"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "word": "hydroxyvitamin-D"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "word": "dihydroxyvitamin-D"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "word": "VDR"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "word": "vitamin D receptor"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "word": "previtamin D"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "word": "previtamin D3"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any of a number of fat-soluble vitamins, required for normal bone development and that prevents rickets; can be manufactured in the skin on exposure to sunlight."
      ],
      "hypernyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "word": "steroid"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "word": "hormone"
        }
      ],
      "id": "en-vitamin_D-en-noun-yiNwVjme",
      "links": [
        [
          "biochemistry",
          "biochemistry"
        ],
        [
          "fat-soluble",
          "fat-soluble"
        ],
        [
          "bone",
          "bone"
        ],
        [
          "prevent",
          "prevent"
        ],
        [
          "rickets",
          "rickets"
        ],
        [
          "skin",
          "skin"
        ],
        [
          "sunlight",
          "sunlight"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(biochemistry) Any of a number of fat-soluble vitamins, required for normal bone development and that prevents rickets; can be manufactured in the skin on exposure to sunlight."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "tags": [
            "abbreviation"
          ],
          "word": "vit. D"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biochemistry",
        "biology",
        "chemistry",
        "microbiology",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "wéishēngsù D",
          "sense": "any of a number of fat-soluble vitamins",
          "word": "維生素D /维生素D"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "any of a number of fat-soluble vitamins",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "vitamine D"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "any of a number of fat-soluble vitamins",
          "word": "vitamino D"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "any of a number of fat-soluble vitamins",
          "word": "D-vitamiini"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "D viṭamini",
          "sense": "any of a number of fat-soluble vitamins",
          "word": "D ვიტამინი"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "viṭamini D",
          "sense": "any of a number of fat-soluble vitamins",
          "word": "ვიტამინი D"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "any of a number of fat-soluble vitamins",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Vitamin D"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "any of a number of fat-soluble vitamins",
          "word": "D-vitamin"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "bitamin D",
          "sense": "any of a number of fat-soluble vitamins",
          "word": "ビタミンD"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "bitamin D",
          "sense": "any of a number of fat-soluble vitamins",
          "word": "비타민 D"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "any of a number of fat-soluble vitamins",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "vitamina D"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "vitamín D",
          "sense": "any of a number of fat-soluble vitamins",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "витами́н D"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "sw",
          "lang": "Swahili",
          "sense": "any of a number of fat-soluble vitamins",
          "word": "vitamini D"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "any of a number of fat-soluble vitamins",
          "word": "D-vitamin"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "A dick (“penis”), especially in a sexual context."
      ],
      "id": "en-vitamin_D-en-noun-T7xiAecL",
      "links": [
        [
          "humorous",
          "humorous"
        ],
        [
          "dick",
          "dick#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(slang, humorous, somewhat vulgar) A dick (“penis”), especially in a sexual context."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "penis"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "humorous",
        "slang",
        "uncountable",
        "vulgar"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-vitamin D.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-vitamin_D.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-vitamin_D.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-vitamin_D.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-vitamin_D.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "en:vitamin D"
  ],
  "word": "vitamin D"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English compound terms",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English links with redundant target parameters",
    "English multiword terms",
    "English nouns",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Esperanto translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with Georgian translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Hungarian translations",
    "Terms with Japanese translations",
    "Terms with Korean translations",
    "Terms with Mandarin translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Swahili translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations",
    "en:Vitamins"
  ],
  "coordinate_terms": [
    {
      "word": "calcitriol"
    },
    {
      "word": "calciferol"
    },
    {
      "word": "cholecalciferol"
    },
    {
      "word": "ergocalciferol"
    },
    {
      "word": "lumicalciferol"
    },
    {
      "word": "sitocalciferol"
    },
    {
      "word": "hydroxycalciferol"
    },
    {
      "word": "hydroxycholecalciferol"
    },
    {
      "word": "dihydroxycholecalciferol"
    },
    {
      "word": "dihydroxycalciferol"
    },
    {
      "word": "dehydrocholesterol"
    },
    {
      "word": "7-dehydrocholesterol"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "vitamin D1"
    },
    {
      "word": "vitamin D2"
    },
    {
      "word": "vitamin D3"
    },
    {
      "word": "vitamin D4"
    },
    {
      "word": "vitamin D5"
    },
    {
      "word": "hydroxyvitamin-D"
    },
    {
      "word": "dihydroxyvitamin-D"
    },
    {
      "word": "VDR"
    },
    {
      "word": "vitamin D receptor"
    },
    {
      "word": "previtamin D"
    },
    {
      "word": "previtamin D3"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "vitamin",
        "3": "D",
        "gloss2": "4th letter"
      },
      "expansion": "vitamin + D (“4th letter”)",
      "name": "compound"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From vitamin + D (“4th letter”). From being the fourth vitamin discovered. Coined in 1922 by Elmer McCollum, who discovered the vitamin.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-",
        "head": "vitamin D"
      },
      "expansion": "vitamin D (uncountable)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hypernyms": [
    {
      "word": "steroid"
    },
    {
      "word": "hormone"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Biochemistry"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any of a number of fat-soluble vitamins, required for normal bone development and that prevents rickets; can be manufactured in the skin on exposure to sunlight."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "biochemistry",
          "biochemistry"
        ],
        [
          "fat-soluble",
          "fat-soluble"
        ],
        [
          "bone",
          "bone"
        ],
        [
          "prevent",
          "prevent"
        ],
        [
          "rickets",
          "rickets"
        ],
        [
          "skin",
          "skin"
        ],
        [
          "sunlight",
          "sunlight"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(biochemistry) Any of a number of fat-soluble vitamins, required for normal bone development and that prevents rickets; can be manufactured in the skin on exposure to sunlight."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biochemistry",
        "biology",
        "chemistry",
        "microbiology",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English humorous terms",
        "English slang",
        "English vulgarities"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A dick (“penis”), especially in a sexual context."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "humorous",
          "humorous"
        ],
        [
          "dick",
          "dick#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(slang, humorous, somewhat vulgar) A dick (“penis”), especially in a sexual context."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "penis"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "humorous",
        "slang",
        "uncountable",
        "vulgar"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-vitamin D.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-vitamin_D.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-vitamin_D.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-vitamin_D.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-vitamin_D.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation"
      ],
      "word": "vit. D"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "wéishēngsù D",
      "sense": "any of a number of fat-soluble vitamins",
      "word": "維生素D /维生素D"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "any of a number of fat-soluble vitamins",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "vitamine D"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "any of a number of fat-soluble vitamins",
      "word": "vitamino D"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "any of a number of fat-soluble vitamins",
      "word": "D-vitamiini"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "D viṭamini",
      "sense": "any of a number of fat-soluble vitamins",
      "word": "D ვიტამინი"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "viṭamini D",
      "sense": "any of a number of fat-soluble vitamins",
      "word": "ვიტამინი D"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "any of a number of fat-soluble vitamins",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Vitamin D"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "any of a number of fat-soluble vitamins",
      "word": "D-vitamin"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "bitamin D",
      "sense": "any of a number of fat-soluble vitamins",
      "word": "ビタミンD"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "bitamin D",
      "sense": "any of a number of fat-soluble vitamins",
      "word": "비타민 D"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "any of a number of fat-soluble vitamins",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "vitamina D"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "vitamín D",
      "sense": "any of a number of fat-soluble vitamins",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "витами́н D"
    },
    {
      "code": "sw",
      "lang": "Swahili",
      "sense": "any of a number of fat-soluble vitamins",
      "word": "vitamini D"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "any of a number of fat-soluble vitamins",
      "word": "D-vitamin"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "en:vitamin D"
  ],
  "word": "vitamin D"
}

Download raw JSONL data for vitamin D meaning in All languages combined (5.5kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (4ba5975 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.