See ば on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for ば meaning in All languages combined (14.9kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "kana"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "は",
"tr": "ha"
},
"expansion": "は (ha)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "゛"
},
"expansion": "゛",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "は",
"2": "ha"
},
"expansion": "The hiragana character は (ha) with a dakuten (゛).",
"name": "Hira-dakuten"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nThe hiragana character は (ha) with a dakuten (゛).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ba",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "syllable"
},
"expansion": "ば • (ba)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "syllable",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The hiragana syllable ば (ba). Its equivalent in katakana is バ (ba)."
],
"id": "en-ば-ja-syllable-Nh9uZfAf",
"links": [
[
"ば",
"ば#Japanese"
],
[
"バ",
"バ#Japanese"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "平"
},
{
"word": "仮"
},
{
"word": "名"
},
{
"word": "あ"
},
{
"word": "ぁ"
},
{
"word": "い"
},
{
"word": "ぃ"
},
{
"word": "う"
},
{
"word": "ぅ"
},
{
"word": "ゔ"
},
{
"word": "え"
},
{
"word": "ぇ"
},
{
"word": "お"
},
{
"word": "ぉ"
},
{
"word": "か"
},
{
"word": "ゕ"
},
{
"word": "が"
},
{
"word": "き"
},
{
"word": "ぎ"
},
{
"word": "く"
},
{
"word": "ぐ"
},
{
"word": "け"
},
{
"word": "ゖ"
},
{
"word": "げ"
},
{
"word": "こ"
},
{
"word": "𛄲"
},
{
"word": "ご"
},
{
"word": "さ"
},
{
"word": "ざ"
},
{
"word": "し"
},
{
"word": "じ"
},
{
"word": "す"
},
{
"word": "ず"
},
{
"word": "せ"
},
{
"word": "ぜ"
},
{
"word": "そ"
},
{
"word": "ぞ"
},
{
"word": "た"
},
{
"word": "だ"
},
{
"word": "ち"
},
{
"word": "ぢ"
},
{
"word": "つ"
},
{
"word": "っ"
},
{
"word": "づ"
},
{
"word": "て"
},
{
"word": "で"
},
{
"word": "と"
},
{
"word": "ど"
},
{
"word": "な"
},
{
"word": "に"
},
{
"word": "ぬ"
},
{
"word": "ね"
},
{
"word": "の"
},
{
"word": "は"
},
{
"word": "ば"
},
{
"word": "ぱ"
},
{
"word": "ひ"
},
{
"word": "び"
},
{
"word": "ぴ"
},
{
"word": "ふ"
},
{
"word": "ぶ"
},
{
"word": "ぷ"
},
{
"word": "へ"
},
{
"word": "べ"
},
{
"word": "ぺ"
},
{
"word": "ほ"
},
{
"word": "ぼ"
},
{
"word": "ぽ"
},
{
"word": "ま"
},
{
"word": "み"
},
{
"word": "む"
},
{
"word": "め"
},
{
"word": "も"
},
{
"word": "や"
},
{
"word": "ゃ"
},
{
"word": "𛀆"
},
{
"word": "ゆ"
},
{
"word": "ゅ"
},
{
"word": "𛀁"
},
{
"word": "よ"
},
{
"word": "ょ"
},
{
"word": "ら"
},
{
"word": "゚"
},
{
"word": "り"
},
{
"word": "る"
},
{
"word": "れ"
},
{
"word": "ろ"
},
{
"word": "わ"
},
{
"word": "ゎ"
},
{
"word": "゙"
},
{
"word": "ゐ"
},
{
"word": "𛅐"
},
{
"word": "𛄟"
},
{
"word": "ゑ"
},
{
"word": "𛅑"
},
{
"word": "を"
},
{
"word": "𛅒"
},
{
"word": "ん"
},
{
"word": "ー"
},
{
"word": "ゝ"
},
{
"word": "ゞ"
},
{
"word": "ゟ"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ba̠]"
}
],
"word": "ば"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "conditional"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "は",
"tr": "wa"
},
"expansion": "は (wa)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連濁"
},
"expansion": "連濁",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ば"
},
"expansion": "は'",
"name": "sortkey"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "ba"
},
"expansion": "The pa changes to ba as an instance of rendaku (連濁).",
"name": "rendaku2"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom Old Japanese. Appears in the Man'yōshū, completed 759 CE.\nOriginally an extension of the topic particle は (wa), for which the Old Japanese pronunciation is reconstructed as */pa/. The pa changes to ba as an instance of rendaku (連濁).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ba",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "ば • (-ba)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 29 2 1 8 30 0 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 28 3 4 7 28 0 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 30 1 0 5 30 0 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 3 1 7 29 0 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 29 0 1 6 30 0 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with rendaku",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "If it rains, we will suspend our trip.",
"roman": "Ame ga fureba ensoku o chūshi suru.",
"ruby": [
[
"雨",
"あめ"
],
[
"降",
"ふ"
],
[
"遠",
"えん"
],
[
"足",
"そく"
],
[
"中",
"ちゅう"
],
[
"止",
"し"
]
],
"text": "雨が降れば遠足を中止する。"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"急",
"いそ"
],
[
"回",
"まわ"
]
],
"text": "急がば回れ ― isogaba maware ― If you rush, you'll go round → more haste, less speed"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In Modern Japanese, attaches to the kateikei, and in Classical Japanese, attaches to the mizenkei, to express the hypothetical condition: if"
],
"id": "en-ば-ja-particle--~QrT2-B",
"links": [
[
"kateikei",
"仮定形#Japanese"
],
[
"mizenkei",
"未然形#Japanese"
],
[
"if",
"if"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "65 12 0 7 8 9",
"roman": "nara",
"sense": "hypothetical condition",
"word": "なら"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 12 0 7 8 9",
"roman": "naraba",
"sense": "hypothetical condition",
"word": "ならば"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "30 29 2 1 8 30 0 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 28 3 4 7 28 0 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 37 2 4 6 25 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 30 1 0 5 30 0 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 3 1 7 29 0 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 29 0 1 6 30 0 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with rendaku",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The road gets wet when it rains.",
"roman": "Ame ga fureba michi ga nureru.",
"ruby": [
[
"雨",
"あめ"
],
[
"降",
"ふ"
],
[
"道",
"みち"
],
[
"濡",
"ぬ"
]
],
"text": "雨が降れば道が濡れる。"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"見",
"み"
],
[
"三",
"さん"
],
[
"寸",
"すん"
],
[
"人",
"ひと"
],
[
"美",
"うつく"
],
[
"居",
"ゐ"
]
],
"text": "c. late 9th–mid-10th century, Taketori Monogatari\nそれを見れば、三寸ばかりなる人いと美しうて居たり。\nSore o mireba, sansun bakari naru hito ito utsukushūte itari.\nWhen he looked at it, there sat a very lovely human being about three sun long."
},
{
"english": "If you see from the universe the earth is also a shooting star",
"ref": "2007, “キラメキラリ”, in yura [yura] (lyrics), 神前暁 (music), THE IDOLM@STER MASTER ARTIST 02 高槻やよい (THE IDOLM@STER MASTER ARTIST 02 高槻やよい)",
"roman": "uchū kara mireba chikyū mo nagareboshi",
"ruby": [
[
"宇",
"う"
],
[
"宙",
"ちゅう"
],
[
"見",
"み"
],
[
"地",
"ち"
],
[
"球",
"きゅう"
],
[
"流",
"なが"
],
[
"星",
"ぼし"
]
],
"text": "宇宙から見れば地球も流れ星"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In Modern Japanese, attaches to the kateikei, and in Classical Japanese, attaches to the izenkei, to express the precondition for something to happen: if; when"
],
"id": "en-ば-ja-particle-EpjTEknl",
"links": [
[
"kateikei",
"仮定形#Japanese"
],
[
"izenkei",
"已然形#Japanese"
],
[
"if",
"if"
],
[
"when",
"when"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "19 51 0 6 11 12",
"english": "to",
"sense": "precondition",
"word": "と"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The more I learned, the more I felt I didn't know anything.",
"roman": "Manabeba manabu hodo, nani mo shiranakatta koto ni kizuku",
"ruby": [
[
"学",
"まな"
],
[
"学",
"まな"
],
[
"何",
"なに"
],
[
"知",
"し"
],
[
"事",
"こと"
],
[
"気",
"き"
]
],
"text": "学べば学ぶほど、何も知らなかった事に気づく"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In the form …ば…ほど (… ba … hodo): the more …, the more"
],
"id": "en-ば-ja-particle-s4EIYYoW",
"links": [
[
"ほど",
"ほど#Japanese"
],
[
"… ba … hodo",
"… ba … hodo#Japanese"
],
[
"more",
"more"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to be able to speak both Japanese and English",
"roman": "nihongo mo dekireba eigo mo dekiru",
"ruby": [
[
"日",
"に"
],
[
"本",
"ほん"
],
[
"語",
"ご"
],
[
"英",
"えい"
],
[
"語",
"ご"
]
],
"text": "日本語もできれば英語もできる"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Links sentences parallel in meaning. The sentences usually incorporate a も (mo): … and …"
],
"id": "en-ば-ja-particle-fn3Czlb3",
"links": [
[
"も",
"も#Japanese"
],
[
"and",
"and"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I might as well die.",
"roman": "shinaba shine",
"ruby": [
[
"死",
"し"
],
[
"死",
"し"
]
],
"text": "死なば死ね"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In the form mizenkei + ば (ba) + meireikei on the same verb: it doesn't matter if …; may as well"
],
"id": "en-ば-ja-particle-WeiTO5hw",
"links": [
[
"mizenkei",
"未然形#Japanese"
],
[
"ば",
"ば#Japanese"
],
[
"meireikei",
"命令形#Japanese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) In the form mizenkei + ば (ba) + meireikei on the same verb: it doesn't matter if …; may as well"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "17 17 1 2 46 18",
"roman": "tomo kamawanai",
"sense": "may as well",
"word": "ともかまわない"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 29 2 1 8 30 0 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 28 3 4 7 28 0 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 30 1 0 5 30 0 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 3 1 7 29 0 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 29 0 1 6 30 0 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with rendaku",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The sports meeting is suspended due to rain.",
"roman": "Ame fureba undōkai wa chūshi seri.",
"ruby": [
[
"雨",
"あめ"
],
[
"降",
"ふ"
],
[
"運",
"うん"
],
[
"動",
"どう"
],
[
"会",
"かい"
],
[
"中",
"ちゅう"
],
[
"止",
"し"
]
],
"text": "雨降れば運動会は中止せり。"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"結",
"けっ"
],
[
"婚",
"こん"
],
[
"人",
"じん"
],
[
"生",
"せい"
],
[
"重",
"じゅう"
],
[
"大",
"だい"
],
[
"事",
"じ"
],
[
"配",
"はい"
],
[
"偶",
"ぐう"
],
[
"選",
"せん"
],
[
"択",
"たく"
],
[
"最",
"もっと"
],
[
"慎",
"しん"
],
[
"重",
"ちょう"
],
[
"可",
"べか"
]
],
"text": "1901, 慶應義塾, 修身要領\n結婚は人生の重大事なれば配偶の選択は最も慎重ならざる可らず\nkekkon wa jinsei no jūdaiji nareba haigū no sentaku wa motto mo shinchō narazaru bekarazu\nSince marriage is a major event in life, the choice of a spouse has to be the most cautious."
},
{
"english": "The sixth conjugated form shine is the form used when expressing a command, so it's called the imperative form.",
"ref": "1904, 芳賀矢一, 中等教科明治文典",
"roman": "Dairoku katsuyōkei no “shine” wa meirei o iu toki ni mochiiru katachi nareba meireikei to iu.",
"ruby": [
[
"第",
"だい"
],
[
"六",
"ろく"
],
[
"活",
"かつ"
],
[
"用",
"よう"
],
[
"形",
"けい"
],
[
"死",
"し"
],
[
"命",
"めい"
],
[
"令",
"れい"
],
[
"用",
"もち"
],
[
"形",
"かたち"
],
[
"命",
"めい"
],
[
"令",
"れい"
],
[
"形",
"けい"
]
],
"text": "第六活用形の「死ね」は命令をいふときに用ゐる形なれば命令形といふ。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In Modern Japanese, attaches to the kateikei, and in Classical Japanese, attaches to the izenkei, to express the reason or cause: because; as"
],
"id": "en-ば-ja-particle-bj9Y3whs",
"links": [
[
"kateikei",
"仮定形#Japanese"
],
[
"izenkei",
"已然形#Japanese"
],
[
"because",
"because"
],
[
"as",
"as"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) In Modern Japanese, attaches to the kateikei, and in Classical Japanese, attaches to the izenkei, to express the reason or cause: because; as"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ba̠]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kara",
"tags": [
"reason"
],
"topics": [
"cause"
],
"word": "から"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "node",
"tags": [
"reason"
],
"topics": [
"cause"
],
"word": "ので"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijisen",
"Man'yōshū",
"Shogakukan",
"Tōkyō",
"ja:大辞泉",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "ば"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "object"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "を ば"
},
"expansion": "をば (o ba)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "を"
},
"expansion": "を (o)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "は",
"tr": "wa"
},
"expansion": "は (wa)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ば"
},
"expansion": "ば (ba)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連濁"
},
"expansion": "連濁",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ば"
},
"expansion": "は'",
"name": "sortkey"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rendaku (連濁)",
"name": "ja-rendaku"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nContraction of をば (o ba), itself composed of the object particle を (o) + contrastive and emphatic particle は (wa), which voices to ば (ba) due to rendaku (連濁).\nFirst cited to a text from the early 1800s.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ba",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "particle"
},
"expansion": "ば • (ba)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"object marker"
],
"id": "en-ば-ja-particle-7wxzUOJN",
"raw_glosses": [
"(dialectal) object marker"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Japanese",
"standard"
],
"word": "を"
}
],
"tags": [
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ba̠]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ja:大辞林",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "ば"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese particles",
"Japanese syllables",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with rendaku"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "kana"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "は",
"tr": "ha"
},
"expansion": "は (ha)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "゛"
},
"expansion": "゛",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "は",
"2": "ha"
},
"expansion": "The hiragana character は (ha) with a dakuten (゛).",
"name": "Hira-dakuten"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nThe hiragana character は (ha) with a dakuten (゛).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ba",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "syllable"
},
"expansion": "ば • (ba)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "syllable",
"related": [
{
"word": "平"
},
{
"word": "仮"
},
{
"word": "名"
},
{
"word": "あ"
},
{
"word": "ぁ"
},
{
"word": "い"
},
{
"word": "ぃ"
},
{
"word": "う"
},
{
"word": "ぅ"
},
{
"word": "ゔ"
},
{
"word": "え"
},
{
"word": "ぇ"
},
{
"word": "お"
},
{
"word": "ぉ"
},
{
"word": "か"
},
{
"word": "ゕ"
},
{
"word": "が"
},
{
"word": "き"
},
{
"word": "ぎ"
},
{
"word": "く"
},
{
"word": "ぐ"
},
{
"word": "け"
},
{
"word": "ゖ"
},
{
"word": "げ"
},
{
"word": "こ"
},
{
"word": "𛄲"
},
{
"word": "ご"
},
{
"word": "さ"
},
{
"word": "ざ"
},
{
"word": "し"
},
{
"word": "じ"
},
{
"word": "す"
},
{
"word": "ず"
},
{
"word": "せ"
},
{
"word": "ぜ"
},
{
"word": "そ"
},
{
"word": "ぞ"
},
{
"word": "た"
},
{
"word": "だ"
},
{
"word": "ち"
},
{
"word": "ぢ"
},
{
"word": "つ"
},
{
"word": "っ"
},
{
"word": "づ"
},
{
"word": "て"
},
{
"word": "で"
},
{
"word": "と"
},
{
"word": "ど"
},
{
"word": "な"
},
{
"word": "に"
},
{
"word": "ぬ"
},
{
"word": "ね"
},
{
"word": "の"
},
{
"word": "は"
},
{
"word": "ば"
},
{
"word": "ぱ"
},
{
"word": "ひ"
},
{
"word": "び"
},
{
"word": "ぴ"
},
{
"word": "ふ"
},
{
"word": "ぶ"
},
{
"word": "ぷ"
},
{
"word": "へ"
},
{
"word": "べ"
},
{
"word": "ぺ"
},
{
"word": "ほ"
},
{
"word": "ぼ"
},
{
"word": "ぽ"
},
{
"word": "ま"
},
{
"word": "み"
},
{
"word": "む"
},
{
"word": "め"
},
{
"word": "も"
},
{
"word": "や"
},
{
"word": "ゃ"
},
{
"word": "𛀆"
},
{
"word": "ゆ"
},
{
"word": "ゅ"
},
{
"word": "𛀁"
},
{
"word": "よ"
},
{
"word": "ょ"
},
{
"word": "ら"
},
{
"word": "゚"
},
{
"word": "り"
},
{
"word": "る"
},
{
"word": "れ"
},
{
"word": "ろ"
},
{
"word": "わ"
},
{
"word": "ゎ"
},
{
"word": "゙"
},
{
"word": "ゐ"
},
{
"word": "𛅐"
},
{
"word": "𛄟"
},
{
"word": "ゑ"
},
{
"word": "𛅑"
},
{
"word": "を"
},
{
"word": "𛅒"
},
{
"word": "ん"
},
{
"word": "ー"
},
{
"word": "ゝ"
},
{
"word": "ゞ"
},
{
"word": "ゟ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The hiragana syllable ば (ba). Its equivalent in katakana is バ (ba)."
],
"links": [
[
"ば",
"ば#Japanese"
],
[
"バ",
"バ#Japanese"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ba̠]"
}
],
"word": "ば"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese particles",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with rendaku"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "conditional"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "は",
"tr": "wa"
},
"expansion": "は (wa)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連濁"
},
"expansion": "連濁",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ば"
},
"expansion": "は'",
"name": "sortkey"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "ba"
},
"expansion": "The pa changes to ba as an instance of rendaku (連濁).",
"name": "rendaku2"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom Old Japanese. Appears in the Man'yōshū, completed 759 CE.\nOriginally an extension of the topic particle は (wa), for which the Old Japanese pronunciation is reconstructed as */pa/. The pa changes to ba as an instance of rendaku (連濁).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ba",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "ば • (-ba)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "If it rains, we will suspend our trip.",
"roman": "Ame ga fureba ensoku o chūshi suru.",
"ruby": [
[
"雨",
"あめ"
],
[
"降",
"ふ"
],
[
"遠",
"えん"
],
[
"足",
"そく"
],
[
"中",
"ちゅう"
],
[
"止",
"し"
]
],
"text": "雨が降れば遠足を中止する。"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"急",
"いそ"
],
[
"回",
"まわ"
]
],
"text": "急がば回れ ― isogaba maware ― If you rush, you'll go round → more haste, less speed"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In Modern Japanese, attaches to the kateikei, and in Classical Japanese, attaches to the mizenkei, to express the hypothetical condition: if"
],
"links": [
[
"kateikei",
"仮定形#Japanese"
],
[
"mizenkei",
"未然形#Japanese"
],
[
"if",
"if"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The road gets wet when it rains.",
"roman": "Ame ga fureba michi ga nureru.",
"ruby": [
[
"雨",
"あめ"
],
[
"降",
"ふ"
],
[
"道",
"みち"
],
[
"濡",
"ぬ"
]
],
"text": "雨が降れば道が濡れる。"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"見",
"み"
],
[
"三",
"さん"
],
[
"寸",
"すん"
],
[
"人",
"ひと"
],
[
"美",
"うつく"
],
[
"居",
"ゐ"
]
],
"text": "c. late 9th–mid-10th century, Taketori Monogatari\nそれを見れば、三寸ばかりなる人いと美しうて居たり。\nSore o mireba, sansun bakari naru hito ito utsukushūte itari.\nWhen he looked at it, there sat a very lovely human being about three sun long."
},
{
"english": "If you see from the universe the earth is also a shooting star",
"ref": "2007, “キラメキラリ”, in yura [yura] (lyrics), 神前暁 (music), THE IDOLM@STER MASTER ARTIST 02 高槻やよい (THE IDOLM@STER MASTER ARTIST 02 高槻やよい)",
"roman": "uchū kara mireba chikyū mo nagareboshi",
"ruby": [
[
"宇",
"う"
],
[
"宙",
"ちゅう"
],
[
"見",
"み"
],
[
"地",
"ち"
],
[
"球",
"きゅう"
],
[
"流",
"なが"
],
[
"星",
"ぼし"
]
],
"text": "宇宙から見れば地球も流れ星"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In Modern Japanese, attaches to the kateikei, and in Classical Japanese, attaches to the izenkei, to express the precondition for something to happen: if; when"
],
"links": [
[
"kateikei",
"仮定形#Japanese"
],
[
"izenkei",
"已然形#Japanese"
],
[
"if",
"if"
],
[
"when",
"when"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The more I learned, the more I felt I didn't know anything.",
"roman": "Manabeba manabu hodo, nani mo shiranakatta koto ni kizuku",
"ruby": [
[
"学",
"まな"
],
[
"学",
"まな"
],
[
"何",
"なに"
],
[
"知",
"し"
],
[
"事",
"こと"
],
[
"気",
"き"
]
],
"text": "学べば学ぶほど、何も知らなかった事に気づく"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In the form …ば…ほど (… ba … hodo): the more …, the more"
],
"links": [
[
"ほど",
"ほど#Japanese"
],
[
"… ba … hodo",
"… ba … hodo#Japanese"
],
[
"more",
"more"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to be able to speak both Japanese and English",
"roman": "nihongo mo dekireba eigo mo dekiru",
"ruby": [
[
"日",
"に"
],
[
"本",
"ほん"
],
[
"語",
"ご"
],
[
"英",
"えい"
],
[
"語",
"ご"
]
],
"text": "日本語もできれば英語もできる"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Links sentences parallel in meaning. The sentences usually incorporate a も (mo): … and …"
],
"links": [
[
"も",
"も#Japanese"
],
[
"and",
"and"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with archaic senses",
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I might as well die.",
"roman": "shinaba shine",
"ruby": [
[
"死",
"し"
],
[
"死",
"し"
]
],
"text": "死なば死ね"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In the form mizenkei + ば (ba) + meireikei on the same verb: it doesn't matter if …; may as well"
],
"links": [
[
"mizenkei",
"未然形#Japanese"
],
[
"ば",
"ば#Japanese"
],
[
"meireikei",
"命令形#Japanese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) In the form mizenkei + ば (ba) + meireikei on the same verb: it doesn't matter if …; may as well"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with archaic senses",
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The sports meeting is suspended due to rain.",
"roman": "Ame fureba undōkai wa chūshi seri.",
"ruby": [
[
"雨",
"あめ"
],
[
"降",
"ふ"
],
[
"運",
"うん"
],
[
"動",
"どう"
],
[
"会",
"かい"
],
[
"中",
"ちゅう"
],
[
"止",
"し"
]
],
"text": "雨降れば運動会は中止せり。"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"結",
"けっ"
],
[
"婚",
"こん"
],
[
"人",
"じん"
],
[
"生",
"せい"
],
[
"重",
"じゅう"
],
[
"大",
"だい"
],
[
"事",
"じ"
],
[
"配",
"はい"
],
[
"偶",
"ぐう"
],
[
"選",
"せん"
],
[
"択",
"たく"
],
[
"最",
"もっと"
],
[
"慎",
"しん"
],
[
"重",
"ちょう"
],
[
"可",
"べか"
]
],
"text": "1901, 慶應義塾, 修身要領\n結婚は人生の重大事なれば配偶の選択は最も慎重ならざる可らず\nkekkon wa jinsei no jūdaiji nareba haigū no sentaku wa motto mo shinchō narazaru bekarazu\nSince marriage is a major event in life, the choice of a spouse has to be the most cautious."
},
{
"english": "The sixth conjugated form shine is the form used when expressing a command, so it's called the imperative form.",
"ref": "1904, 芳賀矢一, 中等教科明治文典",
"roman": "Dairoku katsuyōkei no “shine” wa meirei o iu toki ni mochiiru katachi nareba meireikei to iu.",
"ruby": [
[
"第",
"だい"
],
[
"六",
"ろく"
],
[
"活",
"かつ"
],
[
"用",
"よう"
],
[
"形",
"けい"
],
[
"死",
"し"
],
[
"命",
"めい"
],
[
"令",
"れい"
],
[
"用",
"もち"
],
[
"形",
"かたち"
],
[
"命",
"めい"
],
[
"令",
"れい"
],
[
"形",
"けい"
]
],
"text": "第六活用形の「死ね」は命令をいふときに用ゐる形なれば命令形といふ。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In Modern Japanese, attaches to the kateikei, and in Classical Japanese, attaches to the izenkei, to express the reason or cause: because; as"
],
"links": [
[
"kateikei",
"仮定形#Japanese"
],
[
"izenkei",
"已然形#Japanese"
],
[
"because",
"because"
],
[
"as",
"as"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) In Modern Japanese, attaches to the kateikei, and in Classical Japanese, attaches to the izenkei, to express the reason or cause: because; as"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ba̠]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "nara",
"sense": "hypothetical condition",
"word": "なら"
},
{
"roman": "naraba",
"sense": "hypothetical condition",
"word": "ならば"
},
{
"english": "to",
"sense": "precondition",
"word": "と"
},
{
"roman": "tomo kamawanai",
"sense": "may as well",
"word": "ともかまわない"
},
{
"roman": "kara",
"tags": [
"reason"
],
"topics": [
"cause"
],
"word": "から"
},
{
"roman": "node",
"tags": [
"reason"
],
"topics": [
"cause"
],
"word": "ので"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijisen",
"Man'yōshū",
"Shogakukan",
"Tōkyō",
"ja:大辞泉",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "ば"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese particles",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with rendaku"
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"場"
],
"word": "ば"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese particles",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with rendaku"
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"馬",
"婆",
"罵"
],
"word": "ば"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese particles",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with rendaku"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "object"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "を ば"
},
"expansion": "をば (o ba)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "を"
},
"expansion": "を (o)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "は",
"tr": "wa"
},
"expansion": "は (wa)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ば"
},
"expansion": "ば (ba)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連濁"
},
"expansion": "連濁",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ば"
},
"expansion": "は'",
"name": "sortkey"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rendaku (連濁)",
"name": "ja-rendaku"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nContraction of をば (o ba), itself composed of the object particle を (o) + contrastive and emphatic particle は (wa), which voices to ば (ba) due to rendaku (連濁).\nFirst cited to a text from the early 1800s.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ba",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "particle"
},
"expansion": "ば • (ba)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese dialectal terms"
],
"glosses": [
"object marker"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dialectal) object marker"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Japanese",
"standard"
],
"word": "を"
}
],
"tags": [
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ba̠]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ja:大辞林",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "ば"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"ば"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "syllable",
"title": "ば",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"ば"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "ば",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"ば"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "ば",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.