See る on Wiktionary
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"word": "𛀆"
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"word": "よ"
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"word": "゚"
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"word": "り"
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"word": "る"
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"word": "れ"
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"word": "ろ"
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"word": "わ"
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"word": "ゎ"
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"word": "ゐ"
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"word": "𛅐"
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"word": "𛄟"
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"word": "ゑ"
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"word": "𛅑"
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"word": "を"
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"word": "𛅒"
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"word": "ん"
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"word": "ー"
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"word": "ゝ"
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"form": "rureba",
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"form": "reki",
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"word": "ゆ"
},
{
"word": "ゅ"
},
{
"word": "𛀁"
},
{
"word": "よ"
},
{
"word": "ょ"
},
{
"word": "ら"
},
{
"word": "゚"
},
{
"word": "り"
},
{
"word": "る"
},
{
"word": "れ"
},
{
"word": "ろ"
},
{
"word": "わ"
},
{
"word": "ゎ"
},
{
"word": "゙"
},
{
"word": "ゐ"
},
{
"word": "𛅐"
},
{
"word": "𛄟"
},
{
"word": "ゑ"
},
{
"word": "𛅑"
},
{
"word": "を"
},
{
"word": "𛅒"
},
{
"word": "ん"
},
{
"word": "ー"
},
{
"word": "ゝ"
},
{
"word": "ゞ"
},
{
"word": "ゟ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The hiragana syllable る (ru). Its equivalent in katakana is ル (ru). It is the forty-first syllable in the gojūon order; its position is ら行う段 (ra-gyō u-dan, “row ra, section u”)."
],
"links": [
[
"る",
"る#Japanese"
],
[
"ル",
"ル#Japanese"
],
[
"gojūon",
"gojūon"
],
[
"行",
"行#Japanese"
],
[
"段",
"段#Japanese"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɾɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "る"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese contractions",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese non-lemma forms",
"Japanese suffix forms",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with audio links",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "り",
"roman": "-ri",
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "った",
"roman": "-tta",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "る • (-ru) godan (stem り (-ri), past った (-tta))",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese slang",
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"roman": "saboru",
"text": "サボる",
"type": "example"
},
{
"roman": "guguru",
"text": "ググる",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A general method to form verbs (as a godan katsuyō verb). Much less productive than 〜する (-suru, “to do”)."
],
"links": [
[
"godan katsuyō",
"五段活用"
],
[
"〜する",
"する#Japanese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) A general method to form verbs (as a godan katsuyō verb). Much less productive than 〜する (-suru, “to do”)."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɾɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "る"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese contractions",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese non-lemma forms",
"Japanese suffix forms",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with audio links",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verbs",
"Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "contraction"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Contraction of いる (iru).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "る • (ru)",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese informal terms",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to be waiting",
"roman": "matteru",
"ruby": [
[
"待",
"ま"
]
],
"text": "待ってる",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the present progressive: to be doing"
],
"links": [
[
"て",
"て#Japanese"
],
[
"てる",
"てる#Japanese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal, used after the conjunctive て (-te) form of a verb as てる (-teru)) the present progressive: to be doing"
],
"raw_tags": [
"used after the conjunctive て (-te) form of a verb as てる (-teru)"
],
"tags": [
"informal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɾɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "る"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese contractions",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese non-lemma forms",
"Japanese suffix forms",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with audio links",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "passive"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See れる.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "れ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "re",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "れ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "re",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "る",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "るる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ruru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "るれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "rure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "れよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "reyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "れず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "rezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "るれど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "ruredo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "るれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "rureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "れば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "reba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "れき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "reki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "れけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rekeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "れつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "retu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "れぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "renu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "れたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "retari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "れむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "remu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix",
"type": "shimo ni"
},
"expansion": "る • (-ru) ^†nidan",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "2d-r"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "-reru, passive suffix",
"word": "れる"
}
],
"categories": [
"Classical Japanese"
],
"glosses": [
"Classical Japanese form of れる (-reru, passive suffix)"
],
"links": [
[
"Classical Japanese",
"Classical Japanese"
],
[
"れる",
"れる#Japanese"
]
],
"tags": [
"Classical",
"Japanese",
"alt-of",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɾɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "る"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese contractions",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese non-lemma forms",
"Japanese suffix forms",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with audio links",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "stative"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "り"
},
"expansion": "り (ri)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Regular adnominal conjugation of verbal auxiliary suffix り (ri) indicating resulting state or completion of action.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "る • (-ru)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Classical Japanese",
"Japanese literary terms",
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Sleeping Beauty",
"roman": "Nemureru Mori no Bijo",
"ruby": [
[
"眠",
"ねむ"
],
[
"森",
"もり"
],
[
"美",
"び"
],
[
"女",
"じょ"
]
],
"text": "眠れる森の美女",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"富",
"と"
],
[
"時",
"とき"
],
[
"貧",
"まず"
],
[
"時",
"とき"
]
],
"text": "wedding vows\n富める時も貧しき時も\ntomeru toki mo mazushiki toki mo\nin wealth or poverty"
}
],
"glosses": [
"adnominal of り (-ri)"
],
"links": [
[
"Classical Japanese",
"Classical Japanese"
],
[
"り",
"り#Japanese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical Japanese or literary) adnominal of り (-ri)"
],
"tags": [
"Classical",
"Japanese",
"literary",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɾɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "る"
}
Download raw JSONL data for る meaning in All languages combined (12.0kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "syllable",
"title": "る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "る",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.