See れる on Wiktionary
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"etymology_text": "From Early Middle Japanese る (-ru), which followed 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) and attached to the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis or incomplete form”) of 四段活用 (yodan katsuyō, “quadrigrade conjugation”), ナ行変格活用 (na-gyō henkaku katsuyō, “n-irregular conjugation”), and ラ行変格活用 (ra-gyō henkaku katsuyō, “r-irregular conjugation”) verbs; from Proto-Japonic *-(a)ru.\nDuring the later stages of the language, as with other shimo nidan verbs, the original 終止形 (shūshikei, “terminal form”) る (-ru) was gradually lost as the 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) るる (-ruru) came to be used for both functions, realigning the conjugations. The suffix came to be also used with さ (-sa-), the new 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis or incomplete form”) of サ行変格活用 (sa-gyō henkaku katsuyō, “s-irregular conjugation”) verbs. Finally, the conjugation type of the suffix shifted to 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”), making the modern form れる (-reru).",
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"form": "れれ",
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{
"form": "-rere",
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"form": "れよ",
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{
"form": "-",
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"tags": [
"passive"
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},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
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},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "れよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "-reyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "れない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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},
{
"form": "れぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
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},
{
"form": "れん",
"source": "conjugation",
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},
{
"form": "-renai",
"source": "conjugation",
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{
"form": "-renu",
"source": "conjugation",
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"negative"
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{
"form": "-ren",
"source": "conjugation",
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"negative"
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},
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"form": "れず",
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"form": "れます",
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"formal"
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},
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"form": "-remasu",
"source": "conjugation",
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"form": "れて",
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"form": "-rete",
"source": "conjugation",
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"conjunctive"
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"form": "れれば",
"source": "conjugation",
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"form": "-rereba",
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"text": "天皇陛下が皇居にお戻りになられる。",
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"etymology_text": "From Early Middle Japanese る (-ru), which followed 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) and attached to the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis or incomplete form”) of 四段活用 (yodan katsuyō, “quadrigrade conjugation”), ナ行変格活用 (na-gyō henkaku katsuyō, “n-irregular conjugation”), and ラ行変格活用 (ra-gyō henkaku katsuyō, “r-irregular conjugation”) verbs; from Proto-Japonic *-(a)ru.\nDuring the later stages of the language, as with other shimo nidan verbs, the original 終止形 (shūshikei, “terminal form”) る (-ru) was gradually lost as the 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) るる (-ruru) came to be used for both functions, realigning the conjugations. The suffix came to be also used with さ (-sa-), the new 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis or incomplete form”) of サ行変格活用 (sa-gyō henkaku katsuyō, “s-irregular conjugation”) verbs. Finally, the conjugation type of the suffix shifted to 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”), making the modern form れる (-reru).",
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"type": "example"
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],
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"眠",
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},
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"english": "I/We think that our teacher will be back in about five minutes.",
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"私",
"わたし"
],
[
"先生",
"せんせい"
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"五",
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[
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],
[
"位",
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],
[
"戻",
"もど"
],
[
"思",
"おも"
]
],
"text": "私たちの先生は、五分位で戻られると思います。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "His Imperial Majesty would be back to the Imperial Palace.",
"roman": "Tennō Heika ga Kōkyo ni o-modori ni narareru.",
"ruby": [
[
"天",
"てん"
],
[
"皇",
"のう"
],
[
"陛",
"へい"
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[
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"か"
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[
"皇",
"こう"
],
[
"居",
"きょ"
],
[
"戻",
"もど"
]
],
"text": "天皇陛下が皇居にお戻りになられる。",
"type": "example"
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],
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],
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"forms a potential verb from an active one: to be able to"
],
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"(archaic, now colloquial) forms a potential verb from an active one: to be able to [verb]"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"colloquial",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "れる"
}
Download raw JSONL data for れる meaning in All languages combined (7.1kB)
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{
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{
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"path": [
"れる"
],
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}
{
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"path": [
"れる"
],
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}
{
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"path": [
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{
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}
{
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}
{
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"path": [
"れる"
],
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}
{
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"path": [
"れる"
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}
{
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"path": [
"れる"
],
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"subsection": "suffix",
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}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Negative",
"path": [
"れる"
],
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}
{
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"path": [
"れる"
],
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}
{
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"path": [
"れる"
],
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}
{
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"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Perfective",
"path": [
"れる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "れる",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Conjunctive",
"path": [
"れる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "れる",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Hypothetical conditional",
"path": [
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],
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}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.