"られる" meaning in All languages combined

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "らる",
        "tr": "raru"
      },
      "expansion": "らる (raru)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "下二段活用",
        "t": "lower bigrade conjugation",
        "tr": "shimo nidan katsuyō"
      },
      "expansion": "下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "未然形",
        "t": "irrealis or incomplete form",
        "tr": "mizenkei"
      },
      "expansion": "未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis or incomplete form”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "カ行変格活用",
        "t": "k-irregular conjugation",
        "tr": "ka-gyō henkaku katsuyō"
      },
      "expansion": "カ行変格活用 (ka-gyō henkaku katsuyō, “k-irregular conjugation”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": ",",
      "name": ","
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "サ行変格活用",
        "t": "s-irregular conjugation",
        "tr": "sa-gyō henkaku katsuyō"
      },
      "expansion": "サ行変格活用 (sa-gyō henkaku katsuyō, “s-irregular conjugation”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "終止形",
        "t": "terminal form",
        "tr": "shūshikei"
      },
      "expansion": "終止形 (shūshikei, “terminal form”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "らる",
        "tr": "raru"
      },
      "expansion": "らる (raru)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "連体形",
        "t": "attributive form",
        "tr": "rentaikei"
      },
      "expansion": "連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "らるる",
        "tr": "raruru"
      },
      "expansion": "らるる (raruru)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "下一段活用",
        "t": "lower monograde conjugation",
        "tr": "shimo ichidan katsuyō"
      },
      "expansion": "下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "られる",
        "tr": "rareru"
      },
      "expansion": "られる (rareru)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "られる"
      },
      "expansion": "られる",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "れる"
      },
      "expansion": "れる",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "食べる"
      },
      "expansion": "食べる",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "れる"
      },
      "expansion": "れる",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "食べられる"
      },
      "expansion": "食べられる",
      "name": "lang"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Classical Japanese らる (raru), which followed 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) and attached to the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis or incomplete form”) of monograde, bigrade, カ行変格活用 (ka-gyō henkaku katsuyō, “k-irregular conjugation”), and サ行変格活用 (sa-gyō henkaku katsuyō, “s-irregular conjugation”) verbs.\nAs with other shimo nidan verbs, the original 終止形 (shūshikei, “terminal form”) らる (raru) was gradually lost as the 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) らるる (raruru) came to be used for both functions, realigning the conjugations, and the conjugation type shifted to 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”), making the modern form られる (rareru).\nSome linguists suggest that られる is a variant of れる, where a reduplicative \"r\" is added to avoid vowel clusters. (e.g. 食べる + れる → *tabe- + *-are- → *tabeare- + *taberare- → 食べられる)",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-rareru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "られ",
      "roman": "-rare",
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "られた",
      "roman": "-rareta",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-verbconj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "られ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-rare",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "られ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-rare",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "られる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-rareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "られる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-rareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "られれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hypothetical",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-rarere",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hypothetical",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "られよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "literary",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "られろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-rareyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "literary",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-rarero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "られよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-rareyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "られない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "られぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "られん",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-rarenai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-rarenu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-raren",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "られず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-rarezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "られます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-raremasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "られた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-rareta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "られて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-rarete",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "られれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-rarereba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "suffix",
        "type": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "られる • (-rareru) ichidan (stem られ (-rare), past られた (-rareta))",
      "name": "ja-pos"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "-reru",
      "word": "れる"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "80 2 2 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "72 9 5 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [
            "Links with manual fragments",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "82 4 4 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "82 4 4 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "80 6 3 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "82 4 4 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I was praised by my teacher yesterday.",
          "roman": "Kinō sensei ni homerareta.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "昨日",
              "きのう"
            ],
            [
              "先",
              "せん"
            ],
            [
              "生",
              "せい"
            ],
            [
              "褒",
              "ほ"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "昨日先生に褒められた。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Makes the passive voice."
      ],
      "id": "en-られる-ja-suffix-eQRJV6uY",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "literally, “Can [one] eat this mushroom?”",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "食",
              "た"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "このキノコは食べられますか。\nKono kinoko wa taberaremasu ka.\nIs this mushroom edible?"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Makes the potential form; -able, -ible"
      ],
      "id": "en-られる-ja-suffix-L7BTR9Xs",
      "links": [
        [
          "-able",
          "-able"
        ],
        [
          "-ible",
          "-ible"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Shows a spontaneous action."
      ],
      "id": "en-られる-ja-suffix-fGzuMmrH",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Forms a light honorific expression."
      ],
      "id": "en-られる-ja-suffix-K2C6tXJI",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ɾa̠ɾe̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "られる"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese hiragana",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with manual fragments",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese suffixes",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "らる",
        "tr": "raru"
      },
      "expansion": "らる (raru)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "下二段活用",
        "t": "lower bigrade conjugation",
        "tr": "shimo nidan katsuyō"
      },
      "expansion": "下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "未然形",
        "t": "irrealis or incomplete form",
        "tr": "mizenkei"
      },
      "expansion": "未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis or incomplete form”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "カ行変格活用",
        "t": "k-irregular conjugation",
        "tr": "ka-gyō henkaku katsuyō"
      },
      "expansion": "カ行変格活用 (ka-gyō henkaku katsuyō, “k-irregular conjugation”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": ",",
      "name": ","
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "サ行変格活用",
        "t": "s-irregular conjugation",
        "tr": "sa-gyō henkaku katsuyō"
      },
      "expansion": "サ行変格活用 (sa-gyō henkaku katsuyō, “s-irregular conjugation”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "終止形",
        "t": "terminal form",
        "tr": "shūshikei"
      },
      "expansion": "終止形 (shūshikei, “terminal form”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "らる",
        "tr": "raru"
      },
      "expansion": "らる (raru)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "連体形",
        "t": "attributive form",
        "tr": "rentaikei"
      },
      "expansion": "連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "らるる",
        "tr": "raruru"
      },
      "expansion": "らるる (raruru)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "下一段活用",
        "t": "lower monograde conjugation",
        "tr": "shimo ichidan katsuyō"
      },
      "expansion": "下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "られる",
        "tr": "rareru"
      },
      "expansion": "られる (rareru)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "られる"
      },
      "expansion": "られる",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "れる"
      },
      "expansion": "れる",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "食べる"
      },
      "expansion": "食べる",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "れる"
      },
      "expansion": "れる",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "食べられる"
      },
      "expansion": "食べられる",
      "name": "lang"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Classical Japanese らる (raru), which followed 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) and attached to the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis or incomplete form”) of monograde, bigrade, カ行変格活用 (ka-gyō henkaku katsuyō, “k-irregular conjugation”), and サ行変格活用 (sa-gyō henkaku katsuyō, “s-irregular conjugation”) verbs.\nAs with other shimo nidan verbs, the original 終止形 (shūshikei, “terminal form”) らる (raru) was gradually lost as the 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) らるる (raruru) came to be used for both functions, realigning the conjugations, and the conjugation type shifted to 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”), making the modern form られる (rareru).\nSome linguists suggest that られる is a variant of れる, where a reduplicative \"r\" is added to avoid vowel clusters. (e.g. 食べる + れる → *tabe- + *-are- → *tabeare- + *taberare- → 食べられる)",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-rareru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "られ",
      "roman": "-rare",
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "られた",
      "roman": "-rareta",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-verbconj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "られ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-rare",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "られ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-rare",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "られる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-rareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "られる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-rareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "られれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hypothetical",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-rarere",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hypothetical",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "られよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "literary",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "られろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-rareyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "literary",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-rarero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "られよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-rareyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "られない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "られぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "られん",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-rarenai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-rarenu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-raren",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "られず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-rarezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "られます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-raremasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "られた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-rareta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "られて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-rarete",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "られれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-rarereba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "suffix",
        "type": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "られる • (-rareru) ichidan (stem られ (-rare), past られた (-rareta))",
      "name": "ja-pos"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "-reru",
      "word": "れる"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I was praised by my teacher yesterday.",
          "roman": "Kinō sensei ni homerareta.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "昨日",
              "きのう"
            ],
            [
              "先",
              "せん"
            ],
            [
              "生",
              "せい"
            ],
            [
              "褒",
              "ほ"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "昨日先生に褒められた。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Makes the passive voice."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "literally, “Can [one] eat this mushroom?”",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "食",
              "た"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "このキノコは食べられますか。\nKono kinoko wa taberaremasu ka.\nIs this mushroom edible?"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Makes the potential form; -able, -ible"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-able",
          "-able"
        ],
        [
          "-ible",
          "-ible"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Shows a spontaneous action."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Forms a light honorific expression."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ɾa̠ɾe̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "られる"
}