See ぬ on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for ぬ meaning in All languages combined (25.7kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "奴"
},
"expansion": "奴",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Derived in the Heian period from writing the man'yōgana kanji 奴 in the cursive sōsho style",
"name": "ja-kana-mannyogana-etym"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Derived in the Heian period from writing the man'yōgana kanji 奴 in the cursive sōsho style.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "syllable"
},
"expansion": "ぬ • (nu)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "syllable",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 22 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 22 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 22 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 22 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The hiragana syllable ぬ (nu). Its equivalent in katakana is ヌ (nu). It is the twenty-third syllable in the gojūon order; its position is な行う段 (na-gyō u-dan, “row na, section u”)."
],
"id": "en-ぬ-ja-syllable-AtX6JbH6",
"links": [
[
"ぬ",
"ぬ#Japanese"
],
[
"ヌ",
"ヌ#Japanese"
],
[
"gojūon",
"gojūon"
],
[
"行",
"行#Japanese"
],
[
"段",
"段#Japanese"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "平"
},
{
"word": "仮"
},
{
"word": "名"
},
{
"word": "あ"
},
{
"word": "ぁ"
},
{
"word": "い"
},
{
"word": "ぃ"
},
{
"word": "う"
},
{
"word": "ぅ"
},
{
"word": "ゔ"
},
{
"word": "え"
},
{
"word": "ぇ"
},
{
"word": "お"
},
{
"word": "ぉ"
},
{
"word": "か"
},
{
"word": "ゕ"
},
{
"word": "が"
},
{
"word": "き"
},
{
"word": "ぎ"
},
{
"word": "く"
},
{
"word": "ぐ"
},
{
"word": "け"
},
{
"word": "ゖ"
},
{
"word": "げ"
},
{
"word": "こ"
},
{
"word": "𛄲"
},
{
"word": "ご"
},
{
"word": "さ"
},
{
"word": "ざ"
},
{
"word": "し"
},
{
"word": "じ"
},
{
"word": "す"
},
{
"word": "ず"
},
{
"word": "せ"
},
{
"word": "ぜ"
},
{
"word": "そ"
},
{
"word": "ぞ"
},
{
"word": "た"
},
{
"word": "だ"
},
{
"word": "ち"
},
{
"word": "ぢ"
},
{
"word": "つ"
},
{
"word": "っ"
},
{
"word": "づ"
},
{
"word": "て"
},
{
"word": "で"
},
{
"word": "と"
},
{
"word": "ど"
},
{
"word": "な"
},
{
"word": "に"
},
{
"word": "ね"
},
{
"word": "の"
},
{
"word": "は"
},
{
"word": "ば"
},
{
"word": "ぱ"
},
{
"word": "ひ"
},
{
"word": "び"
},
{
"word": "ぴ"
},
{
"word": "ふ"
},
{
"word": "ぶ"
},
{
"word": "ぷ"
},
{
"word": "へ"
},
{
"word": "べ"
},
{
"word": "ぺ"
},
{
"word": "ほ"
},
{
"word": "ぼ"
},
{
"word": "ぽ"
},
{
"word": "ま"
},
{
"word": "み"
},
{
"word": "む"
},
{
"word": "め"
},
{
"word": "も"
},
{
"word": "や"
},
{
"word": "ゃ"
},
{
"word": "𛀆"
},
{
"word": "ゆ"
},
{
"word": "ゅ"
},
{
"word": "𛀁"
},
{
"word": "よ"
},
{
"word": "ょ"
},
{
"word": "ら"
},
{
"word": "゚"
},
{
"word": "り"
},
{
"word": "る"
},
{
"word": "れ"
},
{
"word": "ろ"
},
{
"word": "わ"
},
{
"word": "ゎ"
},
{
"word": "゙"
},
{
"word": "ゐ"
},
{
"word": "𛅐"
},
{
"word": "𛄟"
},
{
"word": "ゑ"
},
{
"word": "𛅑"
},
{
"word": "を"
},
{
"word": "𛅒"
},
{
"word": "ん"
},
{
"word": "ー"
},
{
"word": "ゝ"
},
{
"word": "ゞ"
},
{
"word": "ゟ"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[nɯ̟ᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "ぬ"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "negative"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連体形",
"3": "",
"4": "attributive form",
"tr": "rentaikei"
},
"expansion": "連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ず"
},
"expansion": "ず (zu)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "終止形",
"3": "",
"4": "terminal form",
"tr": "shūshikei"
},
"expansion": "終止形 (shūshikei, “terminal form”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ず"
},
"expansion": "ず (zu)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ぬ",
"linkto": "-"
},
"expansion": "ぬ (nu)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ず"
},
"expansion": "ず (zu)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nOriginally the 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of Classical Japanese negative suffix ず (zu). In modern Japanese, the 終止形 (shūshikei, “terminal form”) (lemma, originally ず (zu)) assimilated to ぬ (nu). In turn, from Old Japanese. For further detail, see ず (zu).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-nu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-verbconj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "zu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "n",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "nu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "n",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "nu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "n",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ね",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "んです",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ndesu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "んだ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "nda",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "んで",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "nde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ねば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "neba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "ぬ • (-nu)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "the wind does not rise / does not pick up",
"roman": "kaze ga tatanu",
"ruby": [
[
"風",
"かぜ"
],
[
"立",
"た"
]
],
"text": "風が立たぬ"
},
{
"english": "An unexpected error has occurred.",
"roman": "Yoki senu erā ga hassei shimashita.",
"ruby": [
[
"予",
"よ"
],
[
"期",
"き"
],
[
"発",
"はっ"
],
[
"生",
"せい"
]
],
"text": "予期せぬエラーが発生しました。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(after the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) of a verb) the negative: indicates negation of the action, ending without starting or occurring: not"
],
"id": "en-ぬ-ja-suffix-zxrzXBiI",
"links": [
[
"未然形",
"未然形#Japanese"
],
[
"negative",
"negative#English"
],
[
"negation",
"negation#English"
],
[
"not",
"not"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) (after the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) of a verb) the negative: indicates negation of the action, ending without starting or occurring: not"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "n",
"sense": "very casual",
"tags": [
"also",
"archaic",
"dialectal"
],
"word": "ん"
},
{
"roman": "nai",
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "ない"
},
{
"roman": "masen",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "ません"
},
{
"english": "zu",
"tags": [
"formal",
"literary"
],
"word": "ず"
},
{
"english": "hen",
"tags": [
"Kansai"
],
"word": "へん"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[nɯ̟ᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "ぬ"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "往ぬ",
"3": "",
"4": "to go away; to pass (such as time); to pass away, to die",
"tr": "inu"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese 往ぬ (inu, “to go away; to pass (such as time); to pass away, to die”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese.\nMany monolingual Japanese dictionaries derive this as a contraction of Old Japanese 往ぬ (inu, “to go away; to pass (such as time); to pass away, to die”); however, the meaning does not seem to make sense in the context of the verb ending -nu.\nMore recent work by Bjarke Frellesvig and others suggests that -nu may have originated from an ancient copular or stative verb.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-nu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "な",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "na",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "に",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "nu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ぬる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "nuru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ぬれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "nure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ね",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "なず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ざりぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "nazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "zarinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ぬれど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "nuredo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ぬれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "nureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "なば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "naba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"stem"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "ぬ • (-nu)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "irreg-n",
"3": "",
"f_conj_caus": "ぬれば",
"f_conj_cond": "なば",
"f_conj_contr": "ぬれど",
"f_neg": "なず\nざりぬ?Use perfect tense of ず.",
"hkc": ""
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Classical Japanese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "the wind has risen / has picked up",
"roman": "kaze ga tachinu",
"ruby": [
[
"風",
"かぜ"
],
[
"立",
"た"
]
],
"text": "風が立ちぬ"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"多",
"おほ"
],
[
"女",
"ぢよ"
],
[
"性",
"せい"
],
[
"彼",
"かれ"
],
[
"見",
"み"
],
[
"皆",
"みな"
],
[
"驚",
"きやう"
],
[
"嘆",
"たん"
],
[
"目",
"め"
],
[
"張",
"は"
]
],
"text": "1943, 土井晩翠譯『オヂュッセーア』第十九歌 https://web.archive.org/web/20040623125018/http://www.sm.rim.or.jp/~osawa/AGG/odyssey/odyssey-19.html\n多くの女性彼を見て皆驚嘆の目を張りぬ。\nŌku no josei kare o mite mina kyōtan no me o harinu.\nMany women looked at him and all opened their eyes wide with admiration."
}
],
"glosses": [
"(after the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb) the perfective: indicates completion of the action, ending after starting or occurring: has done, has happened"
],
"id": "en-ぬ-ja-suffix-tQZd9CG3",
"links": [
[
"Classical Japanese",
"Classical Japanese"
],
[
"連用形",
"連用形#Japanese"
],
[
"perfective",
"perfective#English"
],
[
"completion",
"completion#English"
],
[
"has",
"has"
],
[
"done",
"done"
],
[
"happened",
"happened"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical Japanese or literary) (after the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb) the perfective: indicates completion of the action, ending after starting or occurring: has done, has happened"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "ta",
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "た"
},
{
"roman": "mashita",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "ました"
}
],
"tags": [
"Classical",
"Japanese",
"literary",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[nɯ̟ᵝ]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijisen",
"Shogakukan",
"Tōkyō",
"ja:ビャーケ・フレレスビッグ",
"ja:大辞林",
"ja:大辞泉",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "ぬ"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "の",
"tr": "no"
},
"expansion": "Japanese の (no)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate with Japanese の (no).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "particle"
},
"expansion": "ぬ (nu)",
"name": "xug-head"
}
],
"lang": "Kunigami",
"lang_code": "xug",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kunigami entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kunigami hiragana",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kunigami particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kunigami terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"possessive particle"
],
"id": "en-ぬ-xug-particle-fLRWoKdu",
"tags": [
"particle",
"possessive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/nu/"
}
],
"word": "ぬ"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "の",
"tr": "no"
},
"expansion": "Japanese の (no)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate with Japanese の (no).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "particle"
},
"expansion": "ぬ (nu)",
"name": "mvi-head"
}
],
"lang": "Miyako",
"lang_code": "mvi",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Miyako entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Miyako hiragana",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Miyako particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Miyako terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"possessive particle"
],
"id": "en-ぬ-mvi-particle-fLRWoKdu",
"tags": [
"particle",
"possessive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/nu/"
}
],
"word": "ぬ"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ryu",
"2": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"3": "*no"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Ryukyuan *no",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ryu",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*nə",
"t": "nominative and genitive case marker"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *nə (“nominative and genitive case marker”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "の",
"tr": "no"
},
"expansion": "Japanese の (no)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Ryukyuan *no, from Proto-Japonic *nə (“nominative and genitive case marker”). Cognate with Japanese の (no).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "particle"
},
"expansion": "ぬ (nu)",
"name": "ryu-head"
}
],
"lang": "Okinawan",
"lang_code": "ryu",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 39 6 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Okinawan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 27 23 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Okinawan hiragana",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 37 9 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Okinawan particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 37 5 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Okinawan terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive case marker"
],
"id": "en-ぬ-ryu-particle-q-XIh6P3"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 39 6 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Okinawan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 27 23 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Okinawan hiragana",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 37 9 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Okinawan particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 37 5 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Okinawan terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Naha's weather",
"ref": "那覇(なーふぁ)ぬ天気(てぃんち)",
"text": "Nāfa-nu tinchi",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive case marker",
"Indicates possession: of, -'s"
],
"id": "en-ぬ-ryu-particle-Q33JUoCF",
"links": [
[
"of",
"of"
],
[
"-'s",
"-'s"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 27 23 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Okinawan hiragana",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nominative case marker"
],
"id": "en-ぬ-ryu-particle-H2ISpwrA"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 39 6 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Okinawan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 27 23 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Okinawan hiragana",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 37 9 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Okinawan particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 37 5 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Okinawan terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The sun rises.",
"roman": "Tīda-nu agayun.",
"text": "天道(てぃーだ)ぬ上(あ)がゆん。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The birds sing.",
"roman": "Tui-nu nachun.",
"text": "鳥(とぅい)ぬ鳴(な)ちゅん。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nominative case marker",
"Indicates the subject of a sentence."
],
"id": "en-ぬ-ryu-particle-MUpyaLAJ",
"links": [
[
"subject",
"subject"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/nu/"
}
],
"word": "ぬ"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ず"
},
"expansion": "ず (zu)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"text": "ず (zu)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "四段活用",
"2": "よだん かつよう"
},
"expansion": "四段活用(よだんかつよう) (yodan katsuyō)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ナ行変格活用",
"2": "ナ-ぎょう へんかく かつよう"
},
"expansion": "ナ行変格活用(ぎょうへんかくかつよう) (na-gyō henkaku katsuyō)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "四段活用",
"2": "よだん かつよう"
},
"expansion": "四段活用(よだんかつよう) (yodan katsuyō)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "終止形",
"2": "しゅうしけい"
},
"expansion": "終止形(しゅうしけい) (shūshikei)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "にす"
},
"expansion": "にす (nisu)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "命令形",
"2": "めいれいけい"
},
"expansion": "命令形(めいれいけい) (meireikei)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The conjugation of this auxiliary verb appears to follow that of a defective n-row 四段活用(よだんかつよう) (yodan katsuyō) paradigm rather than a ナ行変格活用(ぎょうへんかくかつよう) (na-gyō henkaku katsuyō) paradigm, despite the fact that there was never an n-row 四段活用(よだんかつよう) (yodan katsuyō) paradigm.\nNotably, this verb has no attested 終止形(しゅうしけい) (shūshikei); uses and conjugations off of にす (nisu) are seen instead. This verb also has no attested 命令形(めいれいけい) (meireikei).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-nu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "irregular",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "な",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "na",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "に",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "nu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ね",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ねど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "nedo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ねば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "neba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "に",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "suffix",
"tr": "-nu"
},
"expansion": "ぬ (-nu)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"f1": "な",
"f10": "-",
"f11": "-",
"f12": "-",
"f13": "-",
"f14": "-",
"f15": "-",
"f16": "に",
"f2": "に",
"f3": "-?にす (<span class=\"mention-tr tr\">nisu</span>) is used instead.",
"f4": "ぬ",
"f5": "ね",
"f6": "-",
"f7": "-",
"f8": "ねど",
"f9": "ねば"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Japanese",
"lang_code": "ojp",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"expresses negation; not"
],
"id": "en-ぬ-ojp-suffix-DBk5BL34",
"links": [
[
"not",
"not"
]
],
"qualifier": "following the irrealis stem of verbs",
"raw_glosses": [
"(following the irrealis stem of verbs)",
"expresses negation; not"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "ぬ"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "の",
"tr": "no"
},
"expansion": "Japanese の (no)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate with Japanese の (no).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "particle"
},
"expansion": "ぬ (nu)",
"name": "rys-head"
}
],
"lang": "Yaeyama",
"lang_code": "rys",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Yaeyama entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Yaeyama hiragana",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Yaeyama particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Yaeyama terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"possessive particle"
],
"id": "en-ぬ-rys-particle-fLRWoKdu",
"tags": [
"particle",
"possessive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/nu/"
}
],
"word": "ぬ"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "の",
"tr": "no"
},
"expansion": "Japanese の (no)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate with Japanese の (no).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "particle"
},
"expansion": "ぬ (nu)",
"name": "yoi-head"
}
],
"lang": "Yonaguni",
"lang_code": "yoi",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Yonaguni entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Yonaguni hiragana",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Yonaguni particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Yonaguni terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"possessive particle"
],
"id": "en-ぬ-yoi-particle-fLRWoKdu",
"tags": [
"particle",
"possessive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/nu/"
}
],
"word": "ぬ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese syllables",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "奴"
},
"expansion": "奴",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Derived in the Heian period from writing the man'yōgana kanji 奴 in the cursive sōsho style",
"name": "ja-kana-mannyogana-etym"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Derived in the Heian period from writing the man'yōgana kanji 奴 in the cursive sōsho style.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "syllable"
},
"expansion": "ぬ • (nu)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "syllable",
"related": [
{
"word": "平"
},
{
"word": "仮"
},
{
"word": "名"
},
{
"word": "あ"
},
{
"word": "ぁ"
},
{
"word": "い"
},
{
"word": "ぃ"
},
{
"word": "う"
},
{
"word": "ぅ"
},
{
"word": "ゔ"
},
{
"word": "え"
},
{
"word": "ぇ"
},
{
"word": "お"
},
{
"word": "ぉ"
},
{
"word": "か"
},
{
"word": "ゕ"
},
{
"word": "が"
},
{
"word": "き"
},
{
"word": "ぎ"
},
{
"word": "く"
},
{
"word": "ぐ"
},
{
"word": "け"
},
{
"word": "ゖ"
},
{
"word": "げ"
},
{
"word": "こ"
},
{
"word": "𛄲"
},
{
"word": "ご"
},
{
"word": "さ"
},
{
"word": "ざ"
},
{
"word": "し"
},
{
"word": "じ"
},
{
"word": "す"
},
{
"word": "ず"
},
{
"word": "せ"
},
{
"word": "ぜ"
},
{
"word": "そ"
},
{
"word": "ぞ"
},
{
"word": "た"
},
{
"word": "だ"
},
{
"word": "ち"
},
{
"word": "ぢ"
},
{
"word": "つ"
},
{
"word": "っ"
},
{
"word": "づ"
},
{
"word": "て"
},
{
"word": "で"
},
{
"word": "と"
},
{
"word": "ど"
},
{
"word": "な"
},
{
"word": "に"
},
{
"word": "ね"
},
{
"word": "の"
},
{
"word": "は"
},
{
"word": "ば"
},
{
"word": "ぱ"
},
{
"word": "ひ"
},
{
"word": "び"
},
{
"word": "ぴ"
},
{
"word": "ふ"
},
{
"word": "ぶ"
},
{
"word": "ぷ"
},
{
"word": "へ"
},
{
"word": "べ"
},
{
"word": "ぺ"
},
{
"word": "ほ"
},
{
"word": "ぼ"
},
{
"word": "ぽ"
},
{
"word": "ま"
},
{
"word": "み"
},
{
"word": "む"
},
{
"word": "め"
},
{
"word": "も"
},
{
"word": "や"
},
{
"word": "ゃ"
},
{
"word": "𛀆"
},
{
"word": "ゆ"
},
{
"word": "ゅ"
},
{
"word": "𛀁"
},
{
"word": "よ"
},
{
"word": "ょ"
},
{
"word": "ら"
},
{
"word": "゚"
},
{
"word": "り"
},
{
"word": "る"
},
{
"word": "れ"
},
{
"word": "ろ"
},
{
"word": "わ"
},
{
"word": "ゎ"
},
{
"word": "゙"
},
{
"word": "ゐ"
},
{
"word": "𛅐"
},
{
"word": "𛄟"
},
{
"word": "ゑ"
},
{
"word": "𛅑"
},
{
"word": "を"
},
{
"word": "𛅒"
},
{
"word": "ん"
},
{
"word": "ー"
},
{
"word": "ゝ"
},
{
"word": "ゞ"
},
{
"word": "ゟ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The hiragana syllable ぬ (nu). Its equivalent in katakana is ヌ (nu). It is the twenty-third syllable in the gojūon order; its position is な行う段 (na-gyō u-dan, “row na, section u”)."
],
"links": [
[
"ぬ",
"ぬ#Japanese"
],
[
"ヌ",
"ヌ#Japanese"
],
[
"gojūon",
"gojūon"
],
[
"行",
"行#Japanese"
],
[
"段",
"段#Japanese"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[nɯ̟ᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "ぬ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "negative"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連体形",
"3": "",
"4": "attributive form",
"tr": "rentaikei"
},
"expansion": "連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ず"
},
"expansion": "ず (zu)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "終止形",
"3": "",
"4": "terminal form",
"tr": "shūshikei"
},
"expansion": "終止形 (shūshikei, “terminal form”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ず"
},
"expansion": "ず (zu)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ぬ",
"linkto": "-"
},
"expansion": "ぬ (nu)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ず"
},
"expansion": "ず (zu)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nOriginally the 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of Classical Japanese negative suffix ず (zu). In modern Japanese, the 終止形 (shūshikei, “terminal form”) (lemma, originally ず (zu)) assimilated to ぬ (nu). In turn, from Old Japanese. For further detail, see ず (zu).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-nu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-verbconj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "zu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "n",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "nu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "n",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "nu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "n",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ね",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "んです",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ndesu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "んだ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "nda",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "んで",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "nde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ねば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "neba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "ぬ • (-nu)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with archaic senses",
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "the wind does not rise / does not pick up",
"roman": "kaze ga tatanu",
"ruby": [
[
"風",
"かぜ"
],
[
"立",
"た"
]
],
"text": "風が立たぬ"
},
{
"english": "An unexpected error has occurred.",
"roman": "Yoki senu erā ga hassei shimashita.",
"ruby": [
[
"予",
"よ"
],
[
"期",
"き"
],
[
"発",
"はっ"
],
[
"生",
"せい"
]
],
"text": "予期せぬエラーが発生しました。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(after the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) of a verb) the negative: indicates negation of the action, ending without starting or occurring: not"
],
"links": [
[
"未然形",
"未然形#Japanese"
],
[
"negative",
"negative#English"
],
[
"negation",
"negation#English"
],
[
"not",
"not"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) (after the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) of a verb) the negative: indicates negation of the action, ending without starting or occurring: not"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[nɯ̟ᵝ]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "n",
"sense": "very casual",
"tags": [
"also",
"archaic",
"dialectal"
],
"word": "ん"
},
{
"roman": "nai",
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "ない"
},
{
"roman": "masen",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "ません"
},
{
"english": "zu",
"tags": [
"formal",
"literary"
],
"word": "ず"
},
{
"english": "hen",
"tags": [
"Kansai"
],
"word": "へん"
}
],
"word": "ぬ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "往ぬ",
"3": "",
"4": "to go away; to pass (such as time); to pass away, to die",
"tr": "inu"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese 往ぬ (inu, “to go away; to pass (such as time); to pass away, to die”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese.\nMany monolingual Japanese dictionaries derive this as a contraction of Old Japanese 往ぬ (inu, “to go away; to pass (such as time); to pass away, to die”); however, the meaning does not seem to make sense in the context of the verb ending -nu.\nMore recent work by Bjarke Frellesvig and others suggests that -nu may have originated from an ancient copular or stative verb.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-nu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "な",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "na",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "に",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "nu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ぬる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "nuru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ぬれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "nure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ね",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "なず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ざりぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "nazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "zarinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ぬれど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "nuredo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ぬれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "nureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "なば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "naba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"stem"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "ぬ • (-nu)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "irreg-n",
"3": "",
"f_conj_caus": "ぬれば",
"f_conj_cond": "なば",
"f_conj_contr": "ぬれど",
"f_neg": "なず\nざりぬ?Use perfect tense of ず.",
"hkc": ""
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Classical Japanese",
"Japanese literary terms",
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "the wind has risen / has picked up",
"roman": "kaze ga tachinu",
"ruby": [
[
"風",
"かぜ"
],
[
"立",
"た"
]
],
"text": "風が立ちぬ"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"多",
"おほ"
],
[
"女",
"ぢよ"
],
[
"性",
"せい"
],
[
"彼",
"かれ"
],
[
"見",
"み"
],
[
"皆",
"みな"
],
[
"驚",
"きやう"
],
[
"嘆",
"たん"
],
[
"目",
"め"
],
[
"張",
"は"
]
],
"text": "1943, 土井晩翠譯『オヂュッセーア』第十九歌 https://web.archive.org/web/20040623125018/http://www.sm.rim.or.jp/~osawa/AGG/odyssey/odyssey-19.html\n多くの女性彼を見て皆驚嘆の目を張りぬ。\nŌku no josei kare o mite mina kyōtan no me o harinu.\nMany women looked at him and all opened their eyes wide with admiration."
}
],
"glosses": [
"(after the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb) the perfective: indicates completion of the action, ending after starting or occurring: has done, has happened"
],
"links": [
[
"Classical Japanese",
"Classical Japanese"
],
[
"連用形",
"連用形#Japanese"
],
[
"perfective",
"perfective#English"
],
[
"completion",
"completion#English"
],
[
"has",
"has"
],
[
"done",
"done"
],
[
"happened",
"happened"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical Japanese or literary) (after the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb) the perfective: indicates completion of the action, ending after starting or occurring: has done, has happened"
],
"tags": [
"Classical",
"Japanese",
"literary",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[nɯ̟ᵝ]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "ta",
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "た"
},
{
"roman": "mashita",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "ました"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijisen",
"Shogakukan",
"Tōkyō",
"ja:ビャーケ・フレレスビッグ",
"ja:大辞林",
"ja:大辞泉",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "ぬ"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "の",
"tr": "no"
},
"expansion": "Japanese の (no)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate with Japanese の (no).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "particle"
},
"expansion": "ぬ (nu)",
"name": "xug-head"
}
],
"lang": "Kunigami",
"lang_code": "xug",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Kunigami entries with incorrect language header",
"Kunigami hiragana",
"Kunigami lemmas",
"Kunigami particles",
"Kunigami terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Kunigami terms with redundant sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"possessive particle"
],
"tags": [
"particle",
"possessive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/nu/"
}
],
"word": "ぬ"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "の",
"tr": "no"
},
"expansion": "Japanese の (no)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate with Japanese の (no).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "particle"
},
"expansion": "ぬ (nu)",
"name": "mvi-head"
}
],
"lang": "Miyako",
"lang_code": "mvi",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Miyako entries with incorrect language header",
"Miyako hiragana",
"Miyako lemmas",
"Miyako particles",
"Miyako terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Miyako terms with redundant sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"possessive particle"
],
"tags": [
"particle",
"possessive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/nu/"
}
],
"word": "ぬ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Okinawan entries with incorrect language header",
"Okinawan hiragana",
"Okinawan lemmas",
"Okinawan particles",
"Okinawan terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
"Okinawan terms derived from Proto-Ryukyuan",
"Okinawan terms inherited from Proto-Japonic",
"Okinawan terms inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan",
"Okinawan terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Okinawan terms with redundant sortkeys"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ryu",
"2": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"3": "*no"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Ryukyuan *no",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ryu",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*nə",
"t": "nominative and genitive case marker"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *nə (“nominative and genitive case marker”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "の",
"tr": "no"
},
"expansion": "Japanese の (no)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Ryukyuan *no, from Proto-Japonic *nə (“nominative and genitive case marker”). Cognate with Japanese の (no).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "particle"
},
"expansion": "ぬ (nu)",
"name": "ryu-head"
}
],
"lang": "Okinawan",
"lang_code": "ryu",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"genitive case marker"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Okinawan terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Naha's weather",
"ref": "那覇(なーふぁ)ぬ天気(てぃんち)",
"text": "Nāfa-nu tinchi",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive case marker",
"Indicates possession: of, -'s"
],
"links": [
[
"of",
"of"
],
[
"-'s",
"-'s"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"nominative case marker"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Okinawan terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The sun rises.",
"roman": "Tīda-nu agayun.",
"text": "天道(てぃーだ)ぬ上(あ)がゆん。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The birds sing.",
"roman": "Tui-nu nachun.",
"text": "鳥(とぅい)ぬ鳴(な)ちゅん。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nominative case marker",
"Indicates the subject of a sentence."
],
"links": [
[
"subject",
"subject"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/nu/"
}
],
"word": "ぬ"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ず"
},
"expansion": "ず (zu)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"text": "ず (zu)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "四段活用",
"2": "よだん かつよう"
},
"expansion": "四段活用(よだんかつよう) (yodan katsuyō)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ナ行変格活用",
"2": "ナ-ぎょう へんかく かつよう"
},
"expansion": "ナ行変格活用(ぎょうへんかくかつよう) (na-gyō henkaku katsuyō)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "四段活用",
"2": "よだん かつよう"
},
"expansion": "四段活用(よだんかつよう) (yodan katsuyō)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "終止形",
"2": "しゅうしけい"
},
"expansion": "終止形(しゅうしけい) (shūshikei)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "にす"
},
"expansion": "にす (nisu)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "命令形",
"2": "めいれいけい"
},
"expansion": "命令形(めいれいけい) (meireikei)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The conjugation of this auxiliary verb appears to follow that of a defective n-row 四段活用(よだんかつよう) (yodan katsuyō) paradigm rather than a ナ行変格活用(ぎょうへんかくかつよう) (na-gyō henkaku katsuyō) paradigm, despite the fact that there was never an n-row 四段活用(よだんかつよう) (yodan katsuyō) paradigm.\nNotably, this verb has no attested 終止形(しゅうしけい) (shūshikei); uses and conjugations off of にす (nisu) are seen instead. This verb also has no attested 命令形(めいれいけい) (meireikei).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-nu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "irregular",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "な",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "na",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "に",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "nu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ね",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ねど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "nedo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ねば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "neba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "に",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "suffix",
"tr": "-nu"
},
"expansion": "ぬ (-nu)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"f1": "な",
"f10": "-",
"f11": "-",
"f12": "-",
"f13": "-",
"f14": "-",
"f15": "-",
"f16": "に",
"f2": "に",
"f3": "-?にす (<span class=\"mention-tr tr\">nisu</span>) is used instead.",
"f4": "ぬ",
"f5": "ね",
"f6": "-",
"f7": "-",
"f8": "ねど",
"f9": "ねば"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Japanese",
"lang_code": "ojp",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Old Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Japanese lemmas",
"Old Japanese suffixes"
],
"glosses": [
"expresses negation; not"
],
"links": [
[
"not",
"not"
]
],
"qualifier": "following the irrealis stem of verbs",
"raw_glosses": [
"(following the irrealis stem of verbs)",
"expresses negation; not"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "ぬ"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "の",
"tr": "no"
},
"expansion": "Japanese の (no)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate with Japanese の (no).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "particle"
},
"expansion": "ぬ (nu)",
"name": "rys-head"
}
],
"lang": "Yaeyama",
"lang_code": "rys",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Yaeyama entries with incorrect language header",
"Yaeyama hiragana",
"Yaeyama lemmas",
"Yaeyama particles",
"Yaeyama terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Yaeyama terms with redundant sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"possessive particle"
],
"tags": [
"particle",
"possessive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/nu/"
}
],
"word": "ぬ"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "の",
"tr": "no"
},
"expansion": "Japanese の (no)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate with Japanese の (no).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "particle"
},
"expansion": "ぬ (nu)",
"name": "yoi-head"
}
],
"lang": "Yonaguni",
"lang_code": "yoi",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Yonaguni entries with incorrect language header",
"Yonaguni hiragana",
"Yonaguni lemmas",
"Yonaguni particles",
"Yonaguni terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Yonaguni terms with redundant sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"possessive particle"
],
"tags": [
"particle",
"possessive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/nu/"
}
],
"word": "ぬ"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"ぬ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "syllable",
"title": "ぬ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"ぬ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "ぬ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Imperfective (未然形)",
"path": [
"ぬ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "ぬ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Continuative (連用形)",
"path": [
"ぬ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "ぬ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Terminal (終止形)",
"path": [
"ぬ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "ぬ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Attributive (連体形)",
"path": [
"ぬ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "ぬ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Hypothetical (仮定形)",
"path": [
"ぬ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "ぬ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Imperative (命令形)",
"path": [
"ぬ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "ぬ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Passive",
"path": [
"ぬ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "ぬ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Causative",
"path": [
"ぬ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "ぬ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Potential",
"path": [
"ぬ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "ぬ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Volitional",
"path": [
"ぬ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "ぬ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Negative",
"path": [
"ぬ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "ぬ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Negative continuative",
"path": [
"ぬ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "ぬ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Formal",
"path": [
"ぬ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "ぬ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Perfective",
"path": [
"ぬ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "ぬ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Conjunctive",
"path": [
"ぬ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "ぬ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Hypothetical conditional",
"path": [
"ぬ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "ぬ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2530",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: The missing forms are usually suppleted by the forms of ない., style: text-align:left;background-color:#FFFFFF;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"ぬ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "ぬ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"ぬ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "ぬ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2457",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: nu",
"path": [
"ぬ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "ぬ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2530",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: ^([1])Use perfect tense of ず., style: text-align:left;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"ぬ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "ぬ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2457",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Old Japanese]; cleaned text: nu",
"path": [
"ぬ"
],
"section": "Old Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "ぬ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2530",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Old Japanese]; cleaned text: ^([1])にす (nisu) is used instead., style: text-align:left;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"ぬ"
],
"section": "Old Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "ぬ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: ぬ/Old Japanese 'Key constructions' base_tags={'irregular', 'stem'}",
"path": [
"ぬ"
],
"section": "Old Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "ぬ",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (a644e18 and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.