"swartaz" meaning in Proto-Germanic

See swartaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈswɑr.tɑz/
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *swerd- (“dirty, dark, black”); compare Latin sordēs, Russian сор (sor), and Northern Kurdish xwelî. Etymology templates: {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro|*swerd-|t=dirty, dark, black}} Proto-Indo-European *swerd- (“dirty, dark, black”), {{cog|la|sordēs}} Latin sordēs, {{cog|ru|сор}} Russian сор (sor), {{cog|kmr|xwelî}} Northern Kurdish xwelî Inflection templates: {{gem-decl-adj-a|swart}}, {{gem-decl-adj-table2|*swartaz|*swartanǭ|*swartas, -is|*swartammai|*swartanō|*swartai|*swartanz|*swartaizǫ̂|*swartaimaz|*swartaimiz|*swartō|*swartǭ|*swartaizōz|*swartaizōi|*swartaizō|*swartôz|*swartōz|*swartaizǫ̂|*swartaimaz|*swartaimiz|*swartą, -atō|*swartą, -atō|*swartas, -is|*swartammai|*swartanō|*swartō|*swartō|*swartaizǫ̂|*swartaimaz|*swartaimiz|*swartô|*swartanų|*swartiniz|*swartini|*swartinē|*swartaniz|*swartanunz|*swartanǫ̂|*swartammaz|*swartammiz|*swartǭ|*swartōnų|*swartōniz|*swartōni|*swartōnē|*swartōniz|*swartōnunz|*swartōnǫ̂|*swartōmaz|*swartōmiz|*swartô|*swartô|*swartiniz|*swartini|*swartinē|*swartōnō|*swartōnō|*swartanǫ̂|*swartammaz|*swartammiz|title=*swartaz (a-stem)}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], swartaz [masculine, nominative, singular, strong], swartai [masculine, nominative, plural, strong], swartō [feminine, nominative, singular, strong], swartôz [feminine, nominative, plural, strong], swartą [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], -atō [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], swartō [neuter, nominative, plural, strong], swartanǭ [accusative, masculine, singular, strong], swartanz [accusative, masculine, plural, strong], swartǭ [accusative, feminine, singular, strong], swartōz [accusative, feminine, plural, strong], swartą [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], -atō [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], swartō [accusative, neuter, plural, strong], swartas [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], -is [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], swartaizǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, strong], swartaizōz [feminine, genitive, singular, strong], swartaizǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, strong], swartas [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], -is [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], swartaizǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, strong], swartammai [dative, masculine, singular, strong], swartaimaz [dative, masculine, plural, strong], swartaizōi [dative, feminine, singular, strong], swartaimaz [dative, feminine, plural, strong], swartammai [dative, neuter, singular, strong], swartaimaz [dative, neuter, plural, strong], swartanō [instrumental, masculine, singular, strong], swartaimiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, strong], swartaizō [feminine, instrumental, singular, strong], swartaimiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, strong], swartanō [instrumental, neuter, singular, strong], swartaimiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, strong], swartô [masculine, nominative, singular, weak], swartaniz [masculine, nominative, plural, weak], swartǭ [feminine, nominative, singular, weak], swartōniz [feminine, nominative, plural, weak], swartô [neuter, nominative, singular, weak], swartōnō [neuter, nominative, plural, weak], swartanų [accusative, masculine, singular, weak], swartanunz [accusative, masculine, plural, weak], swartōnų [accusative, feminine, singular, weak], swartōnunz [accusative, feminine, plural, weak], swartô [accusative, neuter, singular, weak], swartōnō [accusative, neuter, plural, weak], swartiniz [genitive, masculine, singular, weak], swartanǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, weak], swartōniz [feminine, genitive, singular, weak], swartōnǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, weak], swartiniz [genitive, neuter, singular, weak], swartanǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, weak], swartini [dative, masculine, singular, weak], swartammaz [dative, masculine, plural, weak], swartōni [dative, feminine, singular, weak], swartōmaz [dative, feminine, plural, weak], swartini [dative, neuter, singular, weak], swartammaz [dative, neuter, plural, weak], swartinē [instrumental, masculine, singular, weak], swartammiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, weak], swartōnē [feminine, instrumental, singular, weak], swartōmiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, weak], swartinē [instrumental, neuter, singular, weak], swartammiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, weak]
  1. black Tags: reconstruction Synonyms: *blakaz Derived forms: swartijaną, swartō, swartōną
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*swart"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *swart\nOld English: sweart, swart, swært\nMiddle English: swart\nEnglish: swart, swarth\nScots: swart\nOld Frisian: swart, swert\nNorth Frisian: suart, suurt\nSaterland Frisian: swot, swoot\nWest Frisian: swart\nOld Saxon: swart\nMiddle Low German: swart\nLow German:\nGerman Low German: swart, schwart\nHamburgisch: swatt\nWestphalian:\nMünsterländisch: swatt\nPaderbornisch: schwart\nLippisch: schwart\nRavensbergisch: swārt, swat\nSauerländisch: schwart, schwatt, schwuat, schwoart, schwuart, schwoert\nWestmünsterländisch: schwatt, schwott, schwart\n→ German: schwatt\nPlautdietsch: schwoat\n→ Danish: sværte (“black dye”)\nOld Dutch: *swart\nMiddle Dutch: swart\nDutch: zwart\nAfrikaans: swart\nLimburgish: zwart\nWest Flemish: zwort\nOld High German: swarz\nMiddle High German: swarz\nAlemannic German:\nAlsatian: schwàrz\nSwabian: schwardds\nBavarian: schwoarz\nCimbrian: sbartz\nMòcheno: schbòrz\nCentral Franconian: schwatz, zjwats\nHunsrik: schwarz\nGerman: schwarz\nLuxembourgish: schwaarz\nRhine Franconian:\nHessian: schwoaz\nPennsylvania German: schwatz\nVilamovian: świöc\nYiddish: שוואַרץ (shvarts)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *swart\nOld English: sweart, swart, swært\nMiddle English: swart\nEnglish: swart, swarth\nScots: swart\nOld Frisian: swart, swert\nNorth Frisian: suart, suurt\nSaterland Frisian: swot, swoot\nWest Frisian: swart\nOld Saxon: swart\nMiddle Low German: swart\nLow German:\nGerman Low German: swart, schwart\nHamburgisch: swatt\nWestphalian:\nMünsterländisch: swatt\nPaderbornisch: schwart\nLippisch: schwart\nRavensbergisch: swārt, swat\nSauerländisch: schwart, schwatt, schwuat, schwoart, schwuart, schwoert\nWestmünsterländisch: schwatt, schwott, schwart\n→ German: schwatt\nPlautdietsch: schwoat\n→ Danish: sværte (“black dye”)\nOld Dutch: *swart\nMiddle Dutch: swart\nDutch: zwart\nAfrikaans: swart\nLimburgish: zwart\nWest Flemish: zwort\nOld High German: swarz\nMiddle High German: swarz\nAlemannic German:\nAlsatian: schwàrz\nSwabian: schwardds\nBavarian: schwoarz\nCimbrian: sbartz\nMòcheno: schbòrz\nCentral Franconian: schwatz, zjwats\nHunsrik: schwarz\nGerman: schwarz\nLuxembourgish: schwaarz\nRhine Franconian:\nHessian: schwoaz\nPennsylvania German: schwatz\nVilamovian: świöc\nYiddish: שוואַרץ (shvarts)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "svartr"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: svartr\nIcelandic: svartur\nFaroese: svartur\nNorn: svart\nNorwegian Nynorsk: svart, (dialectal) svart’u, svart’e\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: svart\nElfdalian: swart\nOld Swedish: svarter, svorter\nSwedish: svart\nScanian: svárter\nOld Danish: swart, swort, sort\nDanish: sort\nNorwegian Bokmål: sort\nGutnish: svartar",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: svartr\nIcelandic: svartur\nFaroese: svartur\nNorn: svart\nNorwegian Nynorsk: svart, (dialectal) svart’u, svart’e\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: svart\nElfdalian: swart\nOld Swedish: svarter, svorter\nSwedish: svart\nScanian: svárter\nOld Danish: swart, swort, sort\nDanish: sort\nNorwegian Bokmål: sort\nGutnish: svartar"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "got",
            "2": "𐍃𐍅𐌰𐍂𐍄𐍃"
          },
          "expansion": "Gothic: 𐍃𐍅𐌰𐍂𐍄𐍃 (swarts)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gothic: 𐍃𐍅𐌰𐍂𐍄𐍃 (swarts)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*swerd-",
        "t": "dirty, dark, black"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swerd- (“dirty, dark, black”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "sordēs"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin sordēs",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "сор"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian сор (sor)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kmr",
        "2": "xwelî"
      },
      "expansion": "Northern Kurdish xwelî",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *swerd- (“dirty, dark, black”); compare Latin sordēs, Russian сор (sor), and Northern Kurdish xwelî.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "swart"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*swartaz",
        "10": "*swartaimiz",
        "11": "*swartō",
        "12": "*swartǭ",
        "13": "*swartaizōz",
        "14": "*swartaizōi",
        "15": "*swartaizō",
        "16": "*swartôz",
        "17": "*swartōz",
        "18": "*swartaizǫ̂",
        "19": "*swartaimaz",
        "2": "*swartanǭ",
        "20": "*swartaimiz",
        "21": "*swartą, -atō",
        "22": "*swartą, -atō",
        "23": "*swartas, -is",
        "24": "*swartammai",
        "25": "*swartanō",
        "26": "*swartō",
        "27": "*swartō",
        "28": "*swartaizǫ̂",
        "29": "*swartaimaz",
        "3": "*swartas, -is",
        "30": "*swartaimiz",
        "31": "*swartô",
        "32": "*swartanų",
        "33": "*swartiniz",
        "34": "*swartini",
        "35": "*swartinē",
        "36": "*swartaniz",
        "37": "*swartanunz",
        "38": "*swartanǫ̂",
        "39": "*swartammaz",
        "4": "*swartammai",
        "40": "*swartammiz",
        "41": "*swartǭ",
        "42": "*swartōnų",
        "43": "*swartōniz",
        "44": "*swartōni",
        "45": "*swartōnē",
        "46": "*swartōniz",
        "47": "*swartōnunz",
        "48": "*swartōnǫ̂",
        "49": "*swartōmaz",
        "5": "*swartanō",
        "50": "*swartōmiz",
        "51": "*swartô",
        "52": "*swartô",
        "53": "*swartiniz",
        "54": "*swartini",
        "55": "*swartinē",
        "56": "*swartōnō",
        "57": "*swartōnō",
        "58": "*swartanǫ̂",
        "59": "*swartammaz",
        "6": "*swartai",
        "60": "*swartammiz",
        "7": "*swartanz",
        "8": "*swartaizǫ̂",
        "9": "*swartaimaz",
        "title": "*swartaz (a-stem)"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swartaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "swartijaną"
        },
        {
          "word": "swartō"
        },
        {
          "word": "swartōną"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "black"
      ],
      "id": "en-swartaz-gem-pro-adj-wAbH46sU",
      "links": [
        [
          "black",
          "black"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "blaikaz"
        },
        {
          "word": "blankaz"
        },
        {
          "word": "hwītaz"
        },
        {
          "word": "blasaz"
        },
        {
          "word": "falwaz"
        },
        {
          "word": "grēwaz"
        },
        {
          "word": "haswaz"
        },
        {
          "word": "grīsaz"
        },
        {
          "word": "hairaz"
        },
        {
          "word": "blakaz"
        },
        {
          "word": "swartaz"
        },
        {
          "word": "raudaz"
        },
        {
          "word": "brūnaz"
        },
        {
          "word": "erpaz"
        },
        {
          "word": "dusnaz"
        },
        {
          "word": "gelwaz"
        },
        {
          "word": "gulaz"
        },
        {
          "word": "grōniz"
        },
        {
          "word": "blēwaz"
        },
        {
          "word": "hēwijaz"
        },
        {
          "word": "baswaz"
        }
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*blakaz"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈswɑr.tɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "swartaz"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "swartijaną"
    },
    {
      "word": "swartō"
    },
    {
      "word": "swartōną"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*swart"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *swart\nOld English: sweart, swart, swært\nMiddle English: swart\nEnglish: swart, swarth\nScots: swart\nOld Frisian: swart, swert\nNorth Frisian: suart, suurt\nSaterland Frisian: swot, swoot\nWest Frisian: swart\nOld Saxon: swart\nMiddle Low German: swart\nLow German:\nGerman Low German: swart, schwart\nHamburgisch: swatt\nWestphalian:\nMünsterländisch: swatt\nPaderbornisch: schwart\nLippisch: schwart\nRavensbergisch: swārt, swat\nSauerländisch: schwart, schwatt, schwuat, schwoart, schwuart, schwoert\nWestmünsterländisch: schwatt, schwott, schwart\n→ German: schwatt\nPlautdietsch: schwoat\n→ Danish: sværte (“black dye”)\nOld Dutch: *swart\nMiddle Dutch: swart\nDutch: zwart\nAfrikaans: swart\nLimburgish: zwart\nWest Flemish: zwort\nOld High German: swarz\nMiddle High German: swarz\nAlemannic German:\nAlsatian: schwàrz\nSwabian: schwardds\nBavarian: schwoarz\nCimbrian: sbartz\nMòcheno: schbòrz\nCentral Franconian: schwatz, zjwats\nHunsrik: schwarz\nGerman: schwarz\nLuxembourgish: schwaarz\nRhine Franconian:\nHessian: schwoaz\nPennsylvania German: schwatz\nVilamovian: świöc\nYiddish: שוואַרץ (shvarts)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *swart\nOld English: sweart, swart, swært\nMiddle English: swart\nEnglish: swart, swarth\nScots: swart\nOld Frisian: swart, swert\nNorth Frisian: suart, suurt\nSaterland Frisian: swot, swoot\nWest Frisian: swart\nOld Saxon: swart\nMiddle Low German: swart\nLow German:\nGerman Low German: swart, schwart\nHamburgisch: swatt\nWestphalian:\nMünsterländisch: swatt\nPaderbornisch: schwart\nLippisch: schwart\nRavensbergisch: swārt, swat\nSauerländisch: schwart, schwatt, schwuat, schwoart, schwuart, schwoert\nWestmünsterländisch: schwatt, schwott, schwart\n→ German: schwatt\nPlautdietsch: schwoat\n→ Danish: sværte (“black dye”)\nOld Dutch: *swart\nMiddle Dutch: swart\nDutch: zwart\nAfrikaans: swart\nLimburgish: zwart\nWest Flemish: zwort\nOld High German: swarz\nMiddle High German: swarz\nAlemannic German:\nAlsatian: schwàrz\nSwabian: schwardds\nBavarian: schwoarz\nCimbrian: sbartz\nMòcheno: schbòrz\nCentral Franconian: schwatz, zjwats\nHunsrik: schwarz\nGerman: schwarz\nLuxembourgish: schwaarz\nRhine Franconian:\nHessian: schwoaz\nPennsylvania German: schwatz\nVilamovian: świöc\nYiddish: שוואַרץ (shvarts)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "svartr"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: svartr\nIcelandic: svartur\nFaroese: svartur\nNorn: svart\nNorwegian Nynorsk: svart, (dialectal) svart’u, svart’e\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: svart\nElfdalian: swart\nOld Swedish: svarter, svorter\nSwedish: svart\nScanian: svárter\nOld Danish: swart, swort, sort\nDanish: sort\nNorwegian Bokmål: sort\nGutnish: svartar",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: svartr\nIcelandic: svartur\nFaroese: svartur\nNorn: svart\nNorwegian Nynorsk: svart, (dialectal) svart’u, svart’e\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: svart\nElfdalian: swart\nOld Swedish: svarter, svorter\nSwedish: svart\nScanian: svárter\nOld Danish: swart, swort, sort\nDanish: sort\nNorwegian Bokmål: sort\nGutnish: svartar"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "got",
            "2": "𐍃𐍅𐌰𐍂𐍄𐍃"
          },
          "expansion": "Gothic: 𐍃𐍅𐌰𐍂𐍄𐍃 (swarts)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gothic: 𐍃𐍅𐌰𐍂𐍄𐍃 (swarts)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*swerd-",
        "t": "dirty, dark, black"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swerd- (“dirty, dark, black”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "sordēs"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin sordēs",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "сор"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian сор (sor)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kmr",
        "2": "xwelî"
      },
      "expansion": "Northern Kurdish xwelî",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *swerd- (“dirty, dark, black”); compare Latin sordēs, Russian сор (sor), and Northern Kurdish xwelî.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swartammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "swart"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*swartaz",
        "10": "*swartaimiz",
        "11": "*swartō",
        "12": "*swartǭ",
        "13": "*swartaizōz",
        "14": "*swartaizōi",
        "15": "*swartaizō",
        "16": "*swartôz",
        "17": "*swartōz",
        "18": "*swartaizǫ̂",
        "19": "*swartaimaz",
        "2": "*swartanǭ",
        "20": "*swartaimiz",
        "21": "*swartą, -atō",
        "22": "*swartą, -atō",
        "23": "*swartas, -is",
        "24": "*swartammai",
        "25": "*swartanō",
        "26": "*swartō",
        "27": "*swartō",
        "28": "*swartaizǫ̂",
        "29": "*swartaimaz",
        "3": "*swartas, -is",
        "30": "*swartaimiz",
        "31": "*swartô",
        "32": "*swartanų",
        "33": "*swartiniz",
        "34": "*swartini",
        "35": "*swartinē",
        "36": "*swartaniz",
        "37": "*swartanunz",
        "38": "*swartanǫ̂",
        "39": "*swartammaz",
        "4": "*swartammai",
        "40": "*swartammiz",
        "41": "*swartǭ",
        "42": "*swartōnų",
        "43": "*swartōniz",
        "44": "*swartōni",
        "45": "*swartōnē",
        "46": "*swartōniz",
        "47": "*swartōnunz",
        "48": "*swartōnǫ̂",
        "49": "*swartōmaz",
        "5": "*swartanō",
        "50": "*swartōmiz",
        "51": "*swartô",
        "52": "*swartô",
        "53": "*swartiniz",
        "54": "*swartini",
        "55": "*swartinē",
        "56": "*swartōnō",
        "57": "*swartōnō",
        "58": "*swartanǫ̂",
        "59": "*swartammaz",
        "6": "*swartai",
        "60": "*swartammiz",
        "7": "*swartanz",
        "8": "*swartaizǫ̂",
        "9": "*swartaimaz",
        "title": "*swartaz (a-stem)"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swartaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "blaikaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "blankaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "hwītaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "blasaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "falwaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "grēwaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "haswaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "grīsaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "hairaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "blakaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "swartaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "raudaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "brūnaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "erpaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "dusnaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "gelwaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "gulaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "grōniz"
    },
    {
      "word": "blēwaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "hēwijaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "baswaz"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Germanic a-stem adjectives",
        "Proto-Germanic adjectives",
        "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "gem-pro:Colors"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "black"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "black",
          "black"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*blakaz"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈswɑr.tɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "swartaz"
}

Download raw JSONL data for swartaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (13.0kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.