"dusnaz" meaning in Proto-Germanic

See dusnaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈdus.nɑz/
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *dʰus-no-s (cognate with Proto-Celtic *dusnos (“dark, brown”)), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwes-, seemingly related to Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂-. Etymology templates: {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro||*dʰus-no-s}} Proto-Indo-European *dʰus-no-s, {{cog|cel-pro|*dusnos||dark, brown}} Proto-Celtic *dusnos (“dark, brown”), {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro|*dʰwes-}} Proto-Indo-European *dʰwes-, {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro|*dʰewh₂-}} Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- Inflection templates: {{gem-decl-adj-a|dusn}}, {{gem-decl-adj-table2|*dusnaz|*dusnanǭ|*dusnas, -is|*dusnammai|*dusnanō|*dusnai|*dusnanz|*dusnaizǫ̂|*dusnaimaz|*dusnaimiz|*dusnō|*dusnǭ|*dusnaizōz|*dusnaizōi|*dusnaizō|*dusnôz|*dusnōz|*dusnaizǫ̂|*dusnaimaz|*dusnaimiz|*dusną, -atō|*dusną, -atō|*dusnas, -is|*dusnammai|*dusnanō|*dusnō|*dusnō|*dusnaizǫ̂|*dusnaimaz|*dusnaimiz|*dusnô|*dusnanų|*dusniniz|*dusnini|*dusninē|*dusnaniz|*dusnanunz|*dusnanǫ̂|*dusnammaz|*dusnammiz|*dusnǭ|*dusnōnų|*dusnōniz|*dusnōni|*dusnōnē|*dusnōniz|*dusnōnunz|*dusnōnǫ̂|*dusnōmaz|*dusnōmiz|*dusnô|*dusnô|*dusniniz|*dusnini|*dusninē|*dusnōnō|*dusnōnō|*dusnanǫ̂|*dusnammaz|*dusnammiz|title=*dusnaz (a-stem)}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], dusnaz [masculine, nominative, singular, strong], dusnai [masculine, nominative, plural, strong], dusnō [feminine, nominative, singular, strong], dusnôz [feminine, nominative, plural, strong], dusną [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], -atō [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], dusnō [neuter, nominative, plural, strong], dusnanǭ [accusative, masculine, singular, strong], dusnanz [accusative, masculine, plural, strong], dusnǭ [accusative, feminine, singular, strong], dusnōz [accusative, feminine, plural, strong], dusną [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], -atō [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], dusnō [accusative, neuter, plural, strong], dusnas [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], -is [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], dusnaizǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, strong], dusnaizōz [feminine, genitive, singular, strong], dusnaizǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, strong], dusnas [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], -is [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], dusnaizǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, strong], dusnammai [dative, masculine, singular, strong], dusnaimaz [dative, masculine, plural, strong], dusnaizōi [dative, feminine, singular, strong], dusnaimaz [dative, feminine, plural, strong], dusnammai [dative, neuter, singular, strong], dusnaimaz [dative, neuter, plural, strong], dusnanō [instrumental, masculine, singular, strong], dusnaimiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, strong], dusnaizō [feminine, instrumental, singular, strong], dusnaimiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, strong], dusnanō [instrumental, neuter, singular, strong], dusnaimiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, strong], dusnô [masculine, nominative, singular, weak], dusnaniz [masculine, nominative, plural, weak], dusnǭ [feminine, nominative, singular, weak], dusnōniz [feminine, nominative, plural, weak], dusnô [neuter, nominative, singular, weak], dusnōnō [neuter, nominative, plural, weak], dusnanų [accusative, masculine, singular, weak], dusnanunz [accusative, masculine, plural, weak], dusnōnų [accusative, feminine, singular, weak], dusnōnunz [accusative, feminine, plural, weak], dusnô [accusative, neuter, singular, weak], dusnōnō [accusative, neuter, plural, weak], dusniniz [genitive, masculine, singular, weak], dusnanǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, weak], dusnōniz [feminine, genitive, singular, weak], dusnōnǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, weak], dusniniz [genitive, neuter, singular, weak], dusnanǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, weak], dusnini [dative, masculine, singular, weak], dusnammaz [dative, masculine, plural, weak], dusnōni [dative, feminine, singular, weak], dusnōmaz [dative, feminine, plural, weak], dusnini [dative, neuter, singular, weak], dusnammaz [dative, neuter, plural, weak], dusninē [instrumental, masculine, singular, weak], dusnammiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, weak], dusnōnē [feminine, instrumental, singular, weak], dusnōmiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, weak], dusninē [instrumental, neuter, singular, weak], dusnammiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, weak]
  1. brownish; brown Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-dusnaz-gem-pro-adj-E5Khmy7f Categories (other): Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header: 98 2
  2. yellow Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-dusnaz-gem-pro-adj-xoWiybqy
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: duznaz

Download JSON data for dusnaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (11.2kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "dunn",
            "3": "dun"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: dunn, dun",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: dunn, dun"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "dunne",
            "3": "donne",
            "4": "dune",
            "5": "dun"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: dunne, donne, dune, dun",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: dunne, donne, dune, dun"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "dune",
            "3": "dun",
            "4": "din"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: dune, dun, din",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: dune, dun, din"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "dun"
          },
          "expansion": "English: dun",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: dun"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "*dunn",
            "3": "dun"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: *dunn, dun",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "dosan"
          },
          "expansion": "dosan",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: *dunn, dun; dosan"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "tusin"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: tusin",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: tusin"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*dʰus-no-s"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰus-no-s",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*dusnos",
        "3": "",
        "4": "dark, brown"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *dusnos (“dark, brown”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*dʰwes-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰwes-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*dʰewh₂-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂-",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *dʰus-no-s (cognate with Proto-Celtic *dusnos (“dark, brown”)), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwes-, seemingly related to Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂-.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusną",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusną",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusniniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusniniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusninē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusninē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dusn"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*dusnaz",
        "10": "*dusnaimiz",
        "11": "*dusnō",
        "12": "*dusnǭ",
        "13": "*dusnaizōz",
        "14": "*dusnaizōi",
        "15": "*dusnaizō",
        "16": "*dusnôz",
        "17": "*dusnōz",
        "18": "*dusnaizǫ̂",
        "19": "*dusnaimaz",
        "2": "*dusnanǭ",
        "20": "*dusnaimiz",
        "21": "*dusną, -atō",
        "22": "*dusną, -atō",
        "23": "*dusnas, -is",
        "24": "*dusnammai",
        "25": "*dusnanō",
        "26": "*dusnō",
        "27": "*dusnō",
        "28": "*dusnaizǫ̂",
        "29": "*dusnaimaz",
        "3": "*dusnas, -is",
        "30": "*dusnaimiz",
        "31": "*dusnô",
        "32": "*dusnanų",
        "33": "*dusniniz",
        "34": "*dusnini",
        "35": "*dusninē",
        "36": "*dusnaniz",
        "37": "*dusnanunz",
        "38": "*dusnanǫ̂",
        "39": "*dusnammaz",
        "4": "*dusnammai",
        "40": "*dusnammiz",
        "41": "*dusnǭ",
        "42": "*dusnōnų",
        "43": "*dusnōniz",
        "44": "*dusnōni",
        "45": "*dusnōnē",
        "46": "*dusnōniz",
        "47": "*dusnōnunz",
        "48": "*dusnōnǫ̂",
        "49": "*dusnōmaz",
        "5": "*dusnanō",
        "50": "*dusnōmiz",
        "51": "*dusnô",
        "52": "*dusnô",
        "53": "*dusniniz",
        "54": "*dusnini",
        "55": "*dusninē",
        "56": "*dusnōnō",
        "57": "*dusnōnō",
        "58": "*dusnanǫ̂",
        "59": "*dusnammaz",
        "6": "*dusnai",
        "60": "*dusnammiz",
        "7": "*dusnanz",
        "8": "*dusnaizǫ̂",
        "9": "*dusnaimaz",
        "title": "*dusnaz (a-stem)"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dusnaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "dusnǭ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "blaikaz"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "blankaz"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "hwītaz"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "blasaz"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "falwaz"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "grēwaz"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "haswaz"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "grīsaz"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "hairaz"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "blakaz"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "swartaz"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "raudaz"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "brūnaz"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "erpaz"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "dusnaz"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "gelwaz"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "gulaz"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "grōniz"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "blēwaz"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "hēwijaz"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "baswaz"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "98 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "brownish; brown"
      ],
      "id": "en-dusnaz-gem-pro-adj-E5Khmy7f",
      "links": [
        [
          "brownish",
          "brownish"
        ],
        [
          "brown",
          "brown"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "yellow"
      ],
      "id": "en-dusnaz-gem-pro-adj-xoWiybqy",
      "links": [
        [
          "yellow",
          "yellow"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈdus.nɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "duznaz"
    }
  ],
  "word": "dusnaz"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Proto-Germanic a-stem adjectives",
    "Proto-Germanic adjectives",
    "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
    "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "dunn",
            "3": "dun"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: dunn, dun",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: dunn, dun"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "dunne",
            "3": "donne",
            "4": "dune",
            "5": "dun"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: dunne, donne, dune, dun",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: dunne, donne, dune, dun"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "dune",
            "3": "dun",
            "4": "din"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: dune, dun, din",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: dune, dun, din"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "dun"
          },
          "expansion": "English: dun",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: dun"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "*dunn",
            "3": "dun"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: *dunn, dun",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "dosan"
          },
          "expansion": "dosan",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: *dunn, dun; dosan"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "tusin"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: tusin",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: tusin"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*dʰus-no-s"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰus-no-s",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*dusnos",
        "3": "",
        "4": "dark, brown"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *dusnos (“dark, brown”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*dʰwes-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰwes-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*dʰewh₂-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂-",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *dʰus-no-s (cognate with Proto-Celtic *dusnos (“dark, brown”)), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwes-, seemingly related to Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂-.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusną",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusną",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusniniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusniniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusninē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusninē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dusnammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dusn"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*dusnaz",
        "10": "*dusnaimiz",
        "11": "*dusnō",
        "12": "*dusnǭ",
        "13": "*dusnaizōz",
        "14": "*dusnaizōi",
        "15": "*dusnaizō",
        "16": "*dusnôz",
        "17": "*dusnōz",
        "18": "*dusnaizǫ̂",
        "19": "*dusnaimaz",
        "2": "*dusnanǭ",
        "20": "*dusnaimiz",
        "21": "*dusną, -atō",
        "22": "*dusną, -atō",
        "23": "*dusnas, -is",
        "24": "*dusnammai",
        "25": "*dusnanō",
        "26": "*dusnō",
        "27": "*dusnō",
        "28": "*dusnaizǫ̂",
        "29": "*dusnaimaz",
        "3": "*dusnas, -is",
        "30": "*dusnaimiz",
        "31": "*dusnô",
        "32": "*dusnanų",
        "33": "*dusniniz",
        "34": "*dusnini",
        "35": "*dusninē",
        "36": "*dusnaniz",
        "37": "*dusnanunz",
        "38": "*dusnanǫ̂",
        "39": "*dusnammaz",
        "4": "*dusnammai",
        "40": "*dusnammiz",
        "41": "*dusnǭ",
        "42": "*dusnōnų",
        "43": "*dusnōniz",
        "44": "*dusnōni",
        "45": "*dusnōnē",
        "46": "*dusnōniz",
        "47": "*dusnōnunz",
        "48": "*dusnōnǫ̂",
        "49": "*dusnōmaz",
        "5": "*dusnanō",
        "50": "*dusnōmiz",
        "51": "*dusnô",
        "52": "*dusnô",
        "53": "*dusniniz",
        "54": "*dusnini",
        "55": "*dusninē",
        "56": "*dusnōnō",
        "57": "*dusnōnō",
        "58": "*dusnanǫ̂",
        "59": "*dusnammaz",
        "6": "*dusnai",
        "60": "*dusnammiz",
        "7": "*dusnanz",
        "8": "*dusnaizǫ̂",
        "9": "*dusnaimaz",
        "title": "*dusnaz (a-stem)"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dusnaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "dusnǭ"
    },
    {
      "word": "blaikaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "blankaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "hwītaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "blasaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "falwaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "grēwaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "haswaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "grīsaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "hairaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "blakaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "swartaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "raudaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "brūnaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "erpaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "dusnaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "gelwaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "gulaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "grōniz"
    },
    {
      "word": "blēwaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "hēwijaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "baswaz"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "gem-pro:Colors"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "brownish; brown"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "brownish",
          "brownish"
        ],
        [
          "brown",
          "brown"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "gem-pro:Colors"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "yellow"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "yellow",
          "yellow"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈdus.nɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "duznaz"
    }
  ],
  "word": "dusnaz"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.