See thug in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for thug meaning in English (37.2kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rent-a-thug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thuggery"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thuggish"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thuggism"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thuggy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thug it out"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thug life"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thuglike"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)teg- (cover)"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hi",
"3": "ठग",
"t": "swindler, fraud, cheat"
},
"expansion": "Hindi ठग (ṭhag, “swindler, fraud, cheat”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thatch"
},
"expansion": "thatch",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "deck"
},
"expansion": "deck",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Hindi ठग (ṭhag, “swindler, fraud, cheat”).\nThuggee was a network of gangs in India from the 17th century to the 19th century who robbed and murdered travellers, often by strangling and beating their victims to death. During British Imperial rule of India, many Indian words passed into common English, and by 1810 thug referred to a member of these Indian gangs. The sense was adopted more generally as \"ruffian, cutthroat\" by 1839. See also English thatch, deck.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thugs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "thug (plural thugs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 32 0 29 14 0 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person who is affiliated with a criminal gang or engages in violent criminal activity."
],
"id": "en-thug-en-noun-efQByC-3"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 16 13 6 16 18 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 32 0 29 14 0 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 21 17 4 17 16 18",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Stock characters",
"orig": "en:Stock characters",
"parents": [
"Fictional characters",
"Fiction",
"Artistic works",
"Art",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 15 21 8 14 22 15",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Plants",
"orig": "en:Plants",
"parents": [
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One of a band of assassins formerly active in northern India who worshipped Kali and sacrificed their victims to her."
],
"id": "en-thug-en-noun-vwXWyzx4",
"links": [
[
"band",
"band"
],
[
"assassin",
"assassin"
],
[
"India",
"India"
],
[
"worship",
"worship"
],
[
"victim",
"victim"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) One of a band of assassins formerly active in northern India who worshipped Kali and sacrificed their victims to her."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "phansigar"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "6 73 9 3 9",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "ṭhog",
"sense": "a member of the Thuggee band of assassins",
"word": "ঠগ"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 73 9 3 9",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "ṭhag",
"sense": "a member of the Thuggee band of assassins",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ठग"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 73 9 3 9",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "ṭhag",
"sense": "a member of the Thuggee band of assassins",
"word": "ٹھگ"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 73 9 3 9",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "a member of the Thuggee band of assassins",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "thygî"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 73 9 3 9",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "a member of the Thuggee band of assassins",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "llindagwriaeth"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 73 9 3 9",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "a member of the Thuggee band of assassins",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "llindagwr"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Horticulture",
"orig": "en:Horticulture",
"parents": [
"Agriculture",
"Botany",
"Applied sciences",
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "10 16 13 6 16 18 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 21 17 4 17 16 18",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Stock characters",
"orig": "en:Stock characters",
"parents": [
"Fictional characters",
"Fiction",
"Artistic works",
"Art",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 15 21 8 14 22 15",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Plants",
"orig": "en:Plants",
"parents": [
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An overvigorous plant that spreads and dominates the flowerbed."
],
"id": "en-thug-en-noun-ekpzA65F",
"links": [
[
"horticulture",
"horticulture"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(horticulture) An overvigorous plant that spreads and dominates the flowerbed."
],
"topics": [
"agriculture",
"business",
"horticulture",
"lifestyle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 15 6 30 6 20 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Crime",
"orig": "en:Crime",
"parents": [
"Criminal law",
"Society",
"Law",
"All topics",
"Justice",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 32 0 29 14 0 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1915, Cale Young Rice, “My Country”, in Collected Plays and Poems, page 342",
"text": "They call you a land of license—free but to thug and thief.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A violent, aggressive, or truculent criminal."
],
"id": "en-thug-en-noun-RvCih06M",
"links": [
[
"truculent",
"truculent"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 16 13 6 16 18 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 32 0 29 14 0 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 7 8 13 37 14 9",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Sports equipment",
"orig": "en:Sports equipment",
"parents": [
"Exercise equipment",
"Sports",
"Tools",
"Exercise",
"Human activity",
"Technology",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 21 17 4 17 16 18",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Stock characters",
"orig": "en:Stock characters",
"parents": [
"Fictional characters",
"Fiction",
"Artistic works",
"Art",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 15 21 8 14 22 15",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Plants",
"orig": "en:Plants",
"parents": [
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2021, Anna Durand, Natural Satisfaction",
"text": "I pushed up out of my chaise and headed for the miniten court. Leah handed me her thug as I walked past her.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A wooden bat used in the game of miniten, fitting around the player's hand."
],
"id": "en-thug-en-noun-YQjzIZ4-",
"links": [
[
"bat",
"bat"
],
[
"miniten",
"miniten"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θʌɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈʰəɡ/",
"tags": [
"India"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌɡ"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-thug.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thug.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thug.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thug.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thug.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"enpr": "thŭg",
"tags": [
"India"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "rampokker"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "rrugaç"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "balṭajiyy",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "بَلْطَجِيّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "avazak",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "ավազակ"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "mardaspan",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "մարդասպան"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "av",
"lang": "Avar",
"roman": "qxačağ",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "хъачагъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "gaizkile"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "halavaréz",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "галаварэ́з"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "razbójnik",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "разбо́йнік"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "razbójnica",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "разбо́йніца"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "bandýt",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "банды́т"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "bandýtka",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "банды́тка"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "ṭhog",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "ঠগ"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "ṭẽṭon",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "টেঁটন"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "glavoréz",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "главоре́з"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razbójnik",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "разбо́йник"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razbójnička",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "разбо́йничка"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razbójnica",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "разбо́йница"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bandít",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "банди́т"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bandítka",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "банди́тка"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "惡棍"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "ègùn",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "恶棍"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bàotú",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "暴徒"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dǎitú",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "歹徒"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bandita"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "banditka"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gangster"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gangsterka"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hrdlořez"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "schoelie"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "schurk"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "bandito"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "brutulo"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "kovanaama"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bandit"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "voyou"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "casseur"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "racaille"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "thug"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "coupe-jarret"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "čxubistavi",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "ჩხუბისთავი"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "q̇ačaɣi",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "ყაჩაღი"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Schurke"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Rowdy"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Schläger"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Randalierer"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "kakopoiós",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "κακοποιός"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "biryón",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "בִּרְיוֹן"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "flowerly",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "אִישׁ זְרוֹעַ"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "ḍākū",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "डाकू"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "ṭhag",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ठग"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "ṭaporī",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "टपोरी"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "musṭaṇḍā",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "मुस्टंडा"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "orgyilkos"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "bandita"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "gengszter"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "huligán"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "zsivány"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "maistín"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amhas"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bithiúnach"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "delinquente"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "teppista"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"alt": "きょうあくはんにん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kyōaku hannin",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "凶悪犯人"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "chinpira",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "ちんぴら"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"alt": "ごろしや",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "goroshiya",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "殺し屋"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sagu",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "サグ"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "kn",
"lang": "Kannada",
"roman": "kolegaḍuka",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "ಕೊಲೆಗಡುಕ"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "kn",
"lang": "Kannada",
"roman": "kolegāra",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "ಕೊಲೆಗಾರ"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "teracchaan",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "តិរច្ឆាន"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "nĕək leing kap cak",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "អ្នកលេងកាប់ចាក់"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "yuu koung",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "យូកូង"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "kaac kaong",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "កាចកោង"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"alt": "暴力輩",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "pongnyeokbae",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "폭력배"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "banditas"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "mg",
"lang": "Malagasy",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "jiolahy"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "mg",
"lang": "Malagasy",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "mpanendaka"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "lujvarčin",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "луйварчин"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "poltron"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bølle"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kjeltring"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sacamand"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bandit"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "malfaràs"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gusàs"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "os",
"lang": "Ossetian",
"roman": "st’iǧæg",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "стъигъӕг"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "xalâf kâr",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "خلاف کار"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "owbâš",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "اوباش"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "arâzel",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "اراذل"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "gângester",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "گانگستر"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zbir"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bandyta"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bandytka"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "rzezimieszek"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zbój"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bandido"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "facínora"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "malfeitor"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "capanga"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "golovoréz",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "головоре́з"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "razbójnik",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "разбо́йник"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "razbójnica",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "разбо́йница"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "molódčik",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "моло́дчик"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bandít",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "банди́т"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bandítka",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "банди́тка"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ра́збо̄јнӣк"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "ра́збојница"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "rázbōjnīk"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "rázbojnica"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hrdlorez"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "razbojnik"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "razbojnica"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "st",
"lang": "Sotho",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "tsotsi"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "matón"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "macarra"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rufián"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "perdonavidas"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "gangster"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "bandit"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "skurk"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "bov"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "nák-leeng-dtoo",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "นักเลงโต"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "nák-leeng",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "นักเลง"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "haydut"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "eşkıya"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "holovoríz",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "головорі́з"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rozbíjnyk",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "розбі́йник"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rozbíjnycja",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "розбі́йниця"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "bandýt",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "банди́т"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "bandýtka",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "банди́тка"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "horloríz",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "горлорі́з"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pókydʹok",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "по́кидьок"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pokýdʹok",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "поки́дьок"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "ḍākū",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ڈاکو"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "ṭhag",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ٹھگ"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "du côn"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "llabwst"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "colbiwr"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "thyg"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "shleger",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "שלעגער"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 40 3 11 4",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "shlamer",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"slang"
],
"word": "שלאַמער"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Thuggee"
],
"word": "thug"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)teg- (cover)"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hi",
"3": "ठग",
"t": "swindler, fraud, cheat"
},
"expansion": "Hindi ठग (ṭhag, “swindler, fraud, cheat”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thatch"
},
"expansion": "thatch",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "deck"
},
"expansion": "deck",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Hindi ठग (ṭhag, “swindler, fraud, cheat”).\nThuggee was a network of gangs in India from the 17th century to the 19th century who robbed and murdered travellers, often by strangling and beating their victims to death. During British Imperial rule of India, many Indian words passed into common English, and by 1810 thug referred to a member of these Indian gangs. The sense was adopted more generally as \"ruffian, cutthroat\" by 1839. See also English thatch, deck.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thugs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thugging",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thugged",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "thugged",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "thug (third-person singular simple present thugs, present participle thugging, simple past and past participle thugged)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 16 13 6 16 18 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 21 17 4 17 16 18",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Stock characters",
"orig": "en:Stock characters",
"parents": [
"Fictional characters",
"Fiction",
"Artistic works",
"Art",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 15 21 8 14 22 15",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Plants",
"orig": "en:Plants",
"parents": [
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1854, My Ducats and My Daughter, volume II, page 247",
"text": "Mr. Ingleby ascertained at the office—after threading the mazes of passage and staircase as though he expected momently to be Thugged—that his nephew had not yet come.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1968, Harry Wellington Laidler, Boycotts and the Labor Struggle, page 302",
"text": "The report then records the arrest of the whole force of the union paper, the Victor Record, the forced resignation of many other civil officers in the Cripple Creek district who were in sympathy with the miners, […] the severe thugging of many of the well-known labor organizers,",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1972, F. Maurice Speed, Film Review, page 219",
"text": "C.C. and Company. Another story about the young American motor-cycle hoodlum gangs: raping, thugging and robbing their way along the roads.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To commit acts of thuggery, to live the life of a thug, to menace, to commit crime."
],
"id": "en-thug-en-verb-5y3kCt7J",
"links": [
[
"thuggery",
"thuggery"
],
[
"menace",
"menace"
],
[
"crime",
"crime"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 16 13 6 16 18 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 21 17 4 17 16 18",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Stock characters",
"orig": "en:Stock characters",
"parents": [
"Fictional characters",
"Fiction",
"Artistic works",
"Art",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 15 21 8 14 22 15",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Plants",
"orig": "en:Plants",
"parents": [
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2003 April, Dorian Missick, quotee, “Clothesline: Dorian Missick”, in Playboy Magazine, page 44",
"text": "I don’t thug out, but I’m not Wall Street, either. Russell Simmons and Puffy have clothes for this look in the affordable range.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2006, Katina King, Ride Wit’ Me, page 11",
"text": "Oh. Besides Allen Iverson, basketball players don’t be thugged out enough for me. I like me a roughneck.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2017, Todd Dedman, quoting research participant ‘Luke’, Purists and Peripherals: Hip-hop and Grime Subcultures, page 169",
"text": "Well, I’d like to see more positive images of black men. Ones that don’t just go on about having a big dick, thugging and bashing on some girl.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To appear as a thug; to dress and act in a manner reminiscent of a thug."
],
"id": "en-thug-en-verb-kLu9M3CL",
"raw_glosses": [
"(often with out) To appear as a thug; to dress and act in a manner reminiscent of a thug."
],
"raw_tags": [
"with out"
],
"tags": [
"often"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θʌɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈʰəɡ/",
"tags": [
"India"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌɡ"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-thug.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thug.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thug.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"enpr": "thŭg",
"tags": [
"India"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Thuggee"
],
"word": "thug"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Hindi",
"English terms derived from Hindi",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)teg- (cover)",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ʌɡ",
"Rhymes:English/ʌɡ/1 syllable",
"en:Crime",
"en:People",
"en:Plants",
"en:Sports equipment",
"en:Stock characters"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "rent-a-thug"
},
{
"word": "thuggery"
},
{
"word": "thuggish"
},
{
"word": "thuggism"
},
{
"word": "thuggy"
},
{
"word": "thug it out"
},
{
"word": "thug life"
},
{
"word": "thuglike"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)teg- (cover)"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hi",
"3": "ठग",
"t": "swindler, fraud, cheat"
},
"expansion": "Hindi ठग (ṭhag, “swindler, fraud, cheat”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thatch"
},
"expansion": "thatch",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "deck"
},
"expansion": "deck",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Hindi ठग (ṭhag, “swindler, fraud, cheat”).\nThuggee was a network of gangs in India from the 17th century to the 19th century who robbed and murdered travellers, often by strangling and beating their victims to death. During British Imperial rule of India, many Indian words passed into common English, and by 1810 thug referred to a member of these Indian gangs. The sense was adopted more generally as \"ruffian, cutthroat\" by 1839. See also English thatch, deck.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thugs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "thug (plural thugs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A person who is affiliated with a criminal gang or engages in violent criminal activity."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"One of a band of assassins formerly active in northern India who worshipped Kali and sacrificed their victims to her."
],
"links": [
[
"band",
"band"
],
[
"assassin",
"assassin"
],
[
"India",
"India"
],
[
"worship",
"worship"
],
[
"victim",
"victim"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) One of a band of assassins formerly active in northern India who worshipped Kali and sacrificed their victims to her."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "phansigar"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Horticulture"
],
"glosses": [
"An overvigorous plant that spreads and dominates the flowerbed."
],
"links": [
[
"horticulture",
"horticulture"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(horticulture) An overvigorous plant that spreads and dominates the flowerbed."
],
"topics": [
"agriculture",
"business",
"horticulture",
"lifestyle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1915, Cale Young Rice, “My Country”, in Collected Plays and Poems, page 342",
"text": "They call you a land of license—free but to thug and thief.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A violent, aggressive, or truculent criminal."
],
"links": [
[
"truculent",
"truculent"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2021, Anna Durand, Natural Satisfaction",
"text": "I pushed up out of my chaise and headed for the miniten court. Leah handed me her thug as I walked past her.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A wooden bat used in the game of miniten, fitting around the player's hand."
],
"links": [
[
"bat",
"bat"
],
[
"miniten",
"miniten"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θʌɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈʰəɡ/",
"tags": [
"India"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌɡ"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-thug.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thug.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thug.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"enpr": "thŭg",
"tags": [
"India"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "rampokker"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "rrugaç"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "balṭajiyy",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "بَلْطَجِيّ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "avazak",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "ավազակ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "mardaspan",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "մարդասպան"
},
{
"code": "av",
"lang": "Avar",
"roman": "qxačağ",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "хъачагъ"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "gaizkile"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "halavaréz",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "галаварэ́з"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "razbójnik",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "разбо́йнік"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "razbójnica",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "разбо́йніца"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "bandýt",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "банды́т"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "bandýtka",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "банды́тка"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "ṭhog",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "ঠগ"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "ṭẽṭon",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "টেঁটন"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "glavoréz",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "главоре́з"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razbójnik",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "разбо́йник"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razbójnička",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "разбо́йничка"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razbójnica",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "разбо́йница"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bandít",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "банди́т"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bandítka",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "банди́тка"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "惡棍"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "ègùn",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "恶棍"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bàotú",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "暴徒"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dǎitú",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "歹徒"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bandita"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "banditka"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gangster"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gangsterka"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hrdlořez"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "schoelie"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "schurk"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "bandito"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "brutulo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "kovanaama"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bandit"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "voyou"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "casseur"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "racaille"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "thug"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "coupe-jarret"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "čxubistavi",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "ჩხუბისთავი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "q̇ačaɣi",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "ყაჩაღი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Schurke"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Rowdy"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Schläger"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Randalierer"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "kakopoiós",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "κακοποιός"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "biryón",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "בִּרְיוֹן"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "flowerly",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "אִישׁ זְרוֹעַ"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "ḍākū",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "डाकू"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "ṭhag",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ठग"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "ṭaporī",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "टपोरी"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "musṭaṇḍā",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "मुस्टंडा"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "orgyilkos"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "bandita"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "gengszter"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "huligán"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "zsivány"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "maistín"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amhas"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bithiúnach"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "delinquente"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "teppista"
},
{
"alt": "きょうあくはんにん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kyōaku hannin",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "凶悪犯人"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "chinpira",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "ちんぴら"
},
{
"alt": "ごろしや",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "goroshiya",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "殺し屋"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sagu",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "サグ"
},
{
"code": "kn",
"lang": "Kannada",
"roman": "kolegaḍuka",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "ಕೊಲೆಗಡುಕ"
},
{
"code": "kn",
"lang": "Kannada",
"roman": "kolegāra",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "ಕೊಲೆಗಾರ"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "teracchaan",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "តិរច្ឆាន"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "nĕək leing kap cak",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "អ្នកលេងកាប់ចាក់"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "yuu koung",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "យូកូង"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "kaac kaong",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "កាចកោង"
},
{
"alt": "暴力輩",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "pongnyeokbae",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "폭력배"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "banditas"
},
{
"code": "mg",
"lang": "Malagasy",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "jiolahy"
},
{
"code": "mg",
"lang": "Malagasy",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "mpanendaka"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "lujvarčin",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "луйварчин"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "poltron"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bølle"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kjeltring"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sacamand"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bandit"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "malfaràs"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gusàs"
},
{
"code": "os",
"lang": "Ossetian",
"roman": "st’iǧæg",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "стъигъӕг"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "xalâf kâr",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "خلاف کار"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "owbâš",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "اوباش"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "arâzel",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "اراذل"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "gângester",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "گانگستر"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zbir"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bandyta"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bandytka"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "rzezimieszek"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zbój"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bandido"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "facínora"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "malfeitor"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "capanga"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "golovoréz",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "головоре́з"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "razbójnik",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "разбо́йник"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "razbójnica",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "разбо́йница"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "molódčik",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "моло́дчик"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bandít",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "банди́т"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bandítka",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "банди́тка"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ра́збо̄јнӣк"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "ра́збојница"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "rázbōjnīk"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "rázbojnica"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hrdlorez"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "razbojnik"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "razbojnica"
},
{
"code": "st",
"lang": "Sotho",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "tsotsi"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "matón"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "macarra"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rufián"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "perdonavidas"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "gangster"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "bandit"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "skurk"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "bov"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "nák-leeng-dtoo",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "นักเลงโต"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "nák-leeng",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "นักเลง"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "haydut"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "eşkıya"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "holovoríz",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "головорі́з"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rozbíjnyk",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "розбі́йник"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rozbíjnycja",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "розбі́йниця"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "bandýt",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "банди́т"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "bandýtka",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "банди́тка"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "horloríz",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "горлорі́з"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pókydʹok",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "по́кидьок"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pokýdʹok",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "поки́дьок"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "ḍākū",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ڈاکو"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "ṭhag",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ٹھگ"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"word": "du côn"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "llabwst"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "colbiwr"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "thyg"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "shleger",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "שלעגער"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "shlamer",
"sense": "someone who treats others violently or roughly",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"slang"
],
"word": "שלאַמער"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "ṭhog",
"sense": "a member of the Thuggee band of assassins",
"word": "ঠগ"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "ṭhag",
"sense": "a member of the Thuggee band of assassins",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ठग"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "ṭhag",
"sense": "a member of the Thuggee band of assassins",
"word": "ٹھگ"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "a member of the Thuggee band of assassins",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "thygî"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "a member of the Thuggee band of assassins",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "llindagwriaeth"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "a member of the Thuggee band of assassins",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "llindagwr"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Thuggee"
],
"word": "thug"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Hindi",
"English terms derived from Hindi",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)teg- (cover)",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ʌɡ",
"Rhymes:English/ʌɡ/1 syllable",
"en:Crime",
"en:People",
"en:Plants",
"en:Sports equipment",
"en:Stock characters"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)teg- (cover)"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hi",
"3": "ठग",
"t": "swindler, fraud, cheat"
},
"expansion": "Hindi ठग (ṭhag, “swindler, fraud, cheat”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thatch"
},
"expansion": "thatch",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "deck"
},
"expansion": "deck",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Hindi ठग (ṭhag, “swindler, fraud, cheat”).\nThuggee was a network of gangs in India from the 17th century to the 19th century who robbed and murdered travellers, often by strangling and beating their victims to death. During British Imperial rule of India, many Indian words passed into common English, and by 1810 thug referred to a member of these Indian gangs. The sense was adopted more generally as \"ruffian, cutthroat\" by 1839. See also English thatch, deck.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thugs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thugging",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thugged",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "thugged",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "thug (third-person singular simple present thugs, present participle thugging, simple past and past participle thugged)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1854, My Ducats and My Daughter, volume II, page 247",
"text": "Mr. Ingleby ascertained at the office—after threading the mazes of passage and staircase as though he expected momently to be Thugged—that his nephew had not yet come.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1968, Harry Wellington Laidler, Boycotts and the Labor Struggle, page 302",
"text": "The report then records the arrest of the whole force of the union paper, the Victor Record, the forced resignation of many other civil officers in the Cripple Creek district who were in sympathy with the miners, […] the severe thugging of many of the well-known labor organizers,",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1972, F. Maurice Speed, Film Review, page 219",
"text": "C.C. and Company. Another story about the young American motor-cycle hoodlum gangs: raping, thugging and robbing their way along the roads.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To commit acts of thuggery, to live the life of a thug, to menace, to commit crime."
],
"links": [
[
"thuggery",
"thuggery"
],
[
"menace",
"menace"
],
[
"crime",
"crime"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2003 April, Dorian Missick, quotee, “Clothesline: Dorian Missick”, in Playboy Magazine, page 44",
"text": "I don’t thug out, but I’m not Wall Street, either. Russell Simmons and Puffy have clothes for this look in the affordable range.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2006, Katina King, Ride Wit’ Me, page 11",
"text": "Oh. Besides Allen Iverson, basketball players don’t be thugged out enough for me. I like me a roughneck.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2017, Todd Dedman, quoting research participant ‘Luke’, Purists and Peripherals: Hip-hop and Grime Subcultures, page 169",
"text": "Well, I’d like to see more positive images of black men. Ones that don’t just go on about having a big dick, thugging and bashing on some girl.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To appear as a thug; to dress and act in a manner reminiscent of a thug."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(often with out) To appear as a thug; to dress and act in a manner reminiscent of a thug."
],
"raw_tags": [
"with out"
],
"tags": [
"often"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θʌɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈʰəɡ/",
"tags": [
"India"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌɡ"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-thug.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thug.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thug.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thug.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thug.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"enpr": "thŭg",
"tags": [
"India"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Thuggee"
],
"word": "thug"
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2013",
"msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": ish zróa vs. flowerly",
"path": [
"thug"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "thug",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.