"ruddy" meaning in English

See ruddy in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈɹʌdi/ [UK, US] Audio: en-us-ruddy.ogg [US], en-au-ruddy.ogg [Australia] Forms: ruddier [comparative], ruddiest [superlative]
Rhymes: -ʌdi Etymology: From Middle English ruddy, rody, rudi, from Old English rudiġ (“reddish; ruddy”), from rudu (“redness”), equivalent to rud (“redness”) + -y. Compare Icelandic roði (“redness”). The British slang sense expressing irritation is presumably a euphemism for bloody. Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*h₁rewdʰ-}}, {{inh|en|enm|ruddy}} Middle English ruddy, {{m|enm|rody}} rody, {{m|enm|rudi}} rudi, {{inh|en|ang|rudiġ||reddish; ruddy}} Old English rudiġ (“reddish; ruddy”), {{m|ang|rudu||redness}} rudu (“redness”), {{suffix|en|rud|y|t1=redness}} rud (“redness”) + -y, {{cog|is|roði||redness}} Icelandic roði (“redness”), {{m|en|bloody}} bloody Head templates: {{en-adj|er}} ruddy (comparative ruddier, superlative ruddiest)
  1. Reddish in color, especially of the face, fire, or sky. Categories (lifeform): Ducks Synonyms (reddish in color): rosy Translations (reddish): румен (rumen) (Bulgarian), яркочервен (jarkočerven) (Bulgarian), rubicund (Catalan), ruměný (Czech), brunátný (Czech), zrudlý (Czech), červený (Czech), rudý (Czech), narudlý (Czech), červeňoučký (Czech), načervenalý (Czech), rødlig (Danish), rossig (Dutch), punainen (Finnish), punakka (Finnish), rougeâtre (French), rot (German), rötlich (German), κοκκινωπός (kokkinopós) (Greek), ρόδινος (ródinos) (Greek), ερυθρός (erythrós) (Greek), אֲדַמְדַּם (adamdám) (Hebrew), pirosas (Hungarian), vöröses (Hungarian), rjóður (Icelandic), rauðleitur (Icelandic), roða- (Icelandic), rauður (Icelandic), rubicondo (Italian), rubicundus (Latin), rauwhero (Maori), kōpura (Maori), rouogeaud (english: red-faced) (Norman), rodlich (Plautdietsch), avermelhado (Portuguese), roșcat (Romanian), краснова́тый (krasnovátyj) (Russian), румя́ный (rumjányj) (english: face) (Russian), rubicundo (Spanish), rödlätt (Swedish), rödfärgad (Swedish), rödblommig (Swedish), rödaktig (Swedish)
    Sense id: en-ruddy-en-adj-lvXchDbW Disambiguation of Ducks: 14 12 6 28 23 18 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with language name categories using raw markup, English intensifiers, English terms suffixed with -y Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 20 8 3 24 23 22 Disambiguation of English entries with language name categories using raw markup: 18 9 5 26 22 20 Disambiguation of English intensifiers: 15 16 13 19 20 17 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -y: 18 9 5 26 23 20 Disambiguation of 'reddish in color': 94 6 Disambiguation of 'reddish': 91 9
  2. (British, Australia, slang, not comparable) A mild intensifier, expressing irritation. Tags: Australia, British, not-comparable, slang Categories (lifeform): Ducks Translations (a mild intensifier): verrekt (Dutch), kirottu (Finnish), hemmetin (Finnish), verdammt (German), verflixt (German), bölvaður (Icelandic), fjárans (Icelandic), skrambans (Icelandic), fjári (Icelandic), skrambi (Icelandic), ansi (Icelandic), чёртов (čórtov) (Russian), дура́цкий (duráckij) (Russian), прокля́тый (prokljátyj) (Russian), rackarns (Swedish), jädra (Swedish), attans (Swedish)
    Sense id: en-ruddy-en-adj-hhPbX8sj Disambiguation of Ducks: 14 12 6 28 23 18 Categories (other): Australian English, British English, English intensifiers Disambiguation of English intensifiers: 15 16 13 19 20 17 Disambiguation of 'a mild intensifier': 0 100
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: bally [emphatic, intensifier], bleeding [emphatic, intensifier], blimming [emphatic, intensifier], bloody [emphatic, intensifier], blooming [emphatic, intensifier] Derived forms: ruddy diver, ruddy shelduck, ruddy turnstone

Adverb

IPA: /ˈɹʌdi/ [UK, US] Audio: en-us-ruddy.ogg [US], en-au-ruddy.ogg [Australia]
Rhymes: -ʌdi Etymology: From Middle English ruddy, rody, rudi, from Old English rudiġ (“reddish; ruddy”), from rudu (“redness”), equivalent to rud (“redness”) + -y. Compare Icelandic roði (“redness”). The British slang sense expressing irritation is presumably a euphemism for bloody. Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*h₁rewdʰ-}}, {{inh|en|enm|ruddy}} Middle English ruddy, {{m|enm|rody}} rody, {{m|enm|rudi}} rudi, {{inh|en|ang|rudiġ||reddish; ruddy}} Old English rudiġ (“reddish; ruddy”), {{m|ang|rudu||redness}} rudu (“redness”), {{suffix|en|rud|y|t1=redness}} rud (“redness”) + -y, {{cog|is|roði||redness}} Icelandic roði (“redness”), {{m|en|bloody}} bloody Head templates: {{en-adv|-}} ruddy (not comparable)
  1. (British, slang) A mild intensifier, expressing irritation. Tags: British, not-comparable, slang
    Sense id: en-ruddy-en-adv-hhPbX8sj Categories (other): British English, English intensifiers Disambiguation of English intensifiers: 15 16 13 19 20 17

Noun

IPA: /ˈɹʌdi/ [UK, US] Audio: en-us-ruddy.ogg [US], en-au-ruddy.ogg [Australia] Forms: ruddies [plural]
Rhymes: -ʌdi Etymology: From Middle English ruddy, rody, rudi, from Old English rudiġ (“reddish; ruddy”), from rudu (“redness”), equivalent to rud (“redness”) + -y. Compare Icelandic roði (“redness”). The British slang sense expressing irritation is presumably a euphemism for bloody. Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*h₁rewdʰ-}}, {{inh|en|enm|ruddy}} Middle English ruddy, {{m|enm|rody}} rody, {{m|enm|rudi}} rudi, {{inh|en|ang|rudiġ||reddish; ruddy}} Old English rudiġ (“reddish; ruddy”), {{m|ang|rudu||redness}} rudu (“redness”), {{suffix|en|rud|y|t1=redness}} rud (“redness”) + -y, {{cog|is|roði||redness}} Icelandic roði (“redness”), {{m|en|bloody}} bloody Head templates: {{en-noun}} ruddy (plural ruddies)
  1. (informal) A ruddy duck. Tags: informal Categories (lifeform): Ducks
    Sense id: en-ruddy-en-noun-fIryUXjA Disambiguation of Ducks: 14 12 6 28 23 18 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with language name categories using raw markup, English entries with topic categories using raw markup, English intensifiers, English terms suffixed with -y Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 20 8 3 24 23 22 Disambiguation of English entries with language name categories using raw markup: 18 9 5 26 22 20 Disambiguation of English entries with topic categories using raw markup: 13 12 4 38 17 16 Disambiguation of English intensifiers: 15 16 13 19 20 17 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -y: 18 9 5 26 23 20
  2. (informal) A ruddy ground dove. Tags: informal Categories (lifeform): Ducks
    Sense id: en-ruddy-en-noun-ZcsEfLFw Disambiguation of Ducks: 14 12 6 28 23 18 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with language name categories using raw markup, English intensifiers, English terms suffixed with -y Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 20 8 3 24 23 22 Disambiguation of English entries with language name categories using raw markup: 18 9 5 26 22 20 Disambiguation of English intensifiers: 15 16 13 19 20 17 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -y: 18 9 5 26 23 20

Verb

IPA: /ˈɹʌdi/ [UK, US] Audio: en-us-ruddy.ogg [US], en-au-ruddy.ogg [Australia] Forms: ruddies [present, singular, third-person], ruddying [participle, present], ruddied [participle, past], ruddied [past]
Rhymes: -ʌdi Etymology: From Middle English ruddy, rody, rudi, from Old English rudiġ (“reddish; ruddy”), from rudu (“redness”), equivalent to rud (“redness”) + -y. Compare Icelandic roði (“redness”). The British slang sense expressing irritation is presumably a euphemism for bloody. Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*h₁rewdʰ-}}, {{inh|en|enm|ruddy}} Middle English ruddy, {{m|enm|rody}} rody, {{m|enm|rudi}} rudi, {{inh|en|ang|rudiġ||reddish; ruddy}} Old English rudiġ (“reddish; ruddy”), {{m|ang|rudu||redness}} rudu (“redness”), {{suffix|en|rud|y|t1=redness}} rud (“redness”) + -y, {{cog|is|roði||redness}} Icelandic roði (“redness”), {{m|en|bloody}} bloody Head templates: {{en-verb}} ruddy (third-person singular simple present ruddies, present participle ruddying, simple past and past participle ruddied)
  1. (transitive) To make reddish in colour. Tags: transitive Categories (lifeform): Ducks
    Sense id: en-ruddy-en-verb-72DoxTn0 Disambiguation of Ducks: 14 12 6 28 23 18 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with language name categories using raw markup, English intensifiers, English terms suffixed with -y Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 20 8 3 24 23 22 Disambiguation of English entries with language name categories using raw markup: 18 9 5 26 22 20 Disambiguation of English intensifiers: 15 16 13 19 20 17 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -y: 18 9 5 26 23 20 Related terms: blood red, brick red, burgundy, cardinal, carmine, carnation, cerise, cherry, cherry red, Chinese red, cinnabar, claret, crimson, damask, fire brick, fire engine red, flame, flamingo, fuchsia, garnet, geranium, gules, hot pink, incarnadine, Indian red, magenta, maroon, misty rose, nacarat, oxblood, pillar-box red, pink, Pompeian red, poppy, raspberry, red violet, rose, rouge, ruby, salmon, sanguine, scarlet, shocking pink, stammel, strawberry, Turkey red, Venetian red, vermilion, vinaceous, vinous, violet red, wine Related terms (reds): red

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for ruddy meaning in English (25.6kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "ruddy diver"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "ruddy shelduck"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "ruddy turnstone"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁rewdʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "ruddy"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English ruddy",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "rody"
      },
      "expansion": "rody",
      "name": "m"
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    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "rudi"
      },
      "expansion": "rudi",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "rudiġ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "reddish; ruddy"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English rudiġ (“reddish; ruddy”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "rudu",
        "3": "",
        "4": "redness"
      },
      "expansion": "rudu (“redness”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "rud",
        "3": "y",
        "t1": "redness"
      },
      "expansion": "rud (“redness”) + -y",
      "name": "suffix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "roði",
        "3": "",
        "4": "redness"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic roði (“redness”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "bloody"
      },
      "expansion": "bloody",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English ruddy, rody, rudi, from Old English rudiġ (“reddish; ruddy”), from rudu (“redness”), equivalent to rud (“redness”) + -y. Compare Icelandic roði (“redness”).\nThe British slang sense expressing irritation is presumably a euphemism for bloody.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ruddier",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruddiest",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "er"
      },
      "expansion": "ruddy (comparative ruddier, superlative ruddiest)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "20 8 3 24 23 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
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          "source": "w+disamb"
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        {
          "_dis": "18 9 5 26 22 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
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        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 16 13 19 20 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English intensifiers",
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          "source": "w+disamb"
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        {
          "_dis": "18 9 5 26 23 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -y",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 12 6 28 23 18",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Ducks",
          "orig": "en:Ducks",
          "parents": [
            "Anatids",
            "Poultry",
            "Freshwater birds",
            "Birds",
            "Livestock",
            "Vertebrates",
            "Agriculture",
            "Animals",
            "Chordates",
            "Applied sciences",
            "Lifeforms",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2020 September 1, Tom Lamont, “The butcher's shop that lasted 300 years (give or take)”, in The Guardian",
          "text": "Frank, who is narrow and ruddy, and who tended to wear a shirt and tie with a cherry-red beanie pulled low over one ear, swapped his white butcher’s coat for a puffer jacket, and led me outside",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Reddish in color, especially of the face, fire, or sky."
      ],
      "id": "en-ruddy-en-adj-lvXchDbW",
      "links": [
        [
          "Reddish",
          "reddish"
        ],
        [
          "face",
          "face"
        ],
        [
          "fire",
          "fire"
        ],
        [
          "sky",
          "sky"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "sense": "reddish in color",
          "word": "rosy"
        }
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "rumen",
          "sense": "reddish",
          "word": "румен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "jarkočerven",
          "sense": "reddish",
          "word": "яркочервен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "reddish",
          "word": "rubicund"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "reddish",
          "word": "ruměný"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "reddish",
          "word": "brunátný"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "reddish",
          "word": "zrudlý"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "reddish",
          "word": "červený"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "reddish",
          "word": "rudý"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "reddish",
          "word": "narudlý"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "reddish",
          "word": "červeňoučký"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "reddish",
          "word": "načervenalý"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "reddish",
          "word": "rødlig"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "reddish",
          "word": "rossig"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "reddish",
          "word": "punainen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "reddish",
          "word": "punakka"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "reddish",
          "word": "rougeâtre"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "reddish",
          "word": "rot"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "reddish",
          "word": "rötlich"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "kokkinopós",
          "sense": "reddish",
          "word": "κοκκινωπός"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "ródinos",
          "sense": "reddish",
          "word": "ρόδινος"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "erythrós",
          "sense": "reddish",
          "word": "ερυθρός"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "adamdám",
          "sense": "reddish",
          "word": "אֲדַמְדַּם"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "reddish",
          "word": "pirosas"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "reddish",
          "word": "vöröses"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "reddish",
          "word": "rjóður"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "reddish",
          "word": "rauðleitur"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "reddish",
          "word": "roða-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "reddish",
          "word": "rauður"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "reddish",
          "word": "rubicondo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "reddish",
          "word": "rubicundus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "reddish",
          "word": "rauwhero"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "reddish",
          "word": "kōpura"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "nrf",
          "english": "red-faced",
          "lang": "Norman",
          "sense": "reddish",
          "word": "rouogeaud"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "pdt",
          "lang": "Plautdietsch",
          "sense": "reddish",
          "word": "rodlich"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "reddish",
          "word": "avermelhado"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "reddish",
          "word": "roșcat"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "krasnovátyj",
          "sense": "reddish",
          "word": "краснова́тый"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "ru",
          "english": "face",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "rumjányj",
          "sense": "reddish",
          "word": "румя́ный"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "reddish",
          "word": "rubicundo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "reddish",
          "word": "rödlätt"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "reddish",
          "word": "rödfärgad"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "reddish",
          "word": "rödblommig"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "reddish",
          "word": "rödaktig"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Australian English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "British English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 16 13 19 20 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English intensifiers",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 12 6 28 23 18",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Ducks",
          "orig": "en:Ducks",
          "parents": [
            "Anatids",
            "Poultry",
            "Freshwater birds",
            "Birds",
            "Livestock",
            "Vertebrates",
            "Agriculture",
            "Animals",
            "Chordates",
            "Applied sciences",
            "Lifeforms",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1991, Lynn Johnston, What, Me Pregnant? (For Better or For Worse) (comic), page 37",
          "text": "Michael, you have been sitting on your butt for the last two hours! Why didn't you mow the ruddy lawn?!!",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1999, J. K. Rowling, chapter 2, in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, Bloomsbury",
          "text": "I shall monitor your behaviour carefully during Marge’s visit. If, at the end of it, you’ve toed the line and kept to the story, I’ll sign your ruddy form.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A mild intensifier, expressing irritation."
      ],
      "id": "en-ruddy-en-adj-hhPbX8sj",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(British, Australia, slang, not comparable) A mild intensifier, expressing irritation."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Australia",
        "British",
        "not-comparable",
        "slang"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "a mild intensifier",
          "word": "verrekt"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "a mild intensifier",
          "word": "kirottu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "a mild intensifier",
          "word": "hemmetin"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "a mild intensifier",
          "word": "verdammt"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "a mild intensifier",
          "word": "verflixt"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "a mild intensifier",
          "word": "bölvaður"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "a mild intensifier",
          "word": "fjárans"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "a mild intensifier",
          "word": "skrambans"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "a mild intensifier",
          "word": "fjári"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "a mild intensifier",
          "word": "skrambi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "a mild intensifier",
          "word": "ansi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "čórtov",
          "sense": "a mild intensifier",
          "word": "чёртов"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "duráckij",
          "sense": "a mild intensifier",
          "word": "дура́цкий"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "prokljátyj",
          "sense": "a mild intensifier",
          "word": "прокля́тый"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "a mild intensifier",
          "word": "rackarns"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "a mild intensifier",
          "word": "jädra"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "a mild intensifier",
          "word": "attans"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɹʌdi/",
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʌdi"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-ruddy.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d7/En-us-ruddy.ogg/En-us-ruddy.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/En-us-ruddy.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-ruddy.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/En-au-ruddy.ogg/En-au-ruddy.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/En-au-ruddy.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "intensifier"
      ],
      "word": "bally"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "intensifier"
      ],
      "word": "bleeding"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "intensifier"
      ],
      "word": "blimming"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "intensifier"
      ],
      "word": "bloody"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "intensifier"
      ],
      "word": "blooming"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ruddy"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁rewdʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "ruddy"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English ruddy",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "rody"
      },
      "expansion": "rody",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "rudi"
      },
      "expansion": "rudi",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "rudiġ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "reddish; ruddy"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English rudiġ (“reddish; ruddy”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "rudu",
        "3": "",
        "4": "redness"
      },
      "expansion": "rudu (“redness”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "rud",
        "3": "y",
        "t1": "redness"
      },
      "expansion": "rud (“redness”) + -y",
      "name": "suffix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "roði",
        "3": "",
        "4": "redness"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic roði (“redness”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "bloody"
      },
      "expansion": "bloody",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English ruddy, rody, rudi, from Old English rudiġ (“reddish; ruddy”), from rudu (“redness”), equivalent to rud (“redness”) + -y. Compare Icelandic roði (“redness”).\nThe British slang sense expressing irritation is presumably a euphemism for bloody.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "ruddy (not comparable)",
      "name": "en-adv"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adv",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "British English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 16 13 19 20 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English intensifiers",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2017, June Francis, When the Clouds Go Rolling By",
          "text": "'You're not ruddy going anywhere,' he said, slamming the door behind him.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A mild intensifier, expressing irritation."
      ],
      "id": "en-ruddy-en-adv-hhPbX8sj",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(British, slang) A mild intensifier, expressing irritation."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "British",
        "not-comparable",
        "slang"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɹʌdi/",
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʌdi"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-ruddy.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d7/En-us-ruddy.ogg/En-us-ruddy.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/En-us-ruddy.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-ruddy.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/En-au-ruddy.ogg/En-au-ruddy.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/En-au-ruddy.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ruddy"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁rewdʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "ruddy"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English ruddy",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "rody"
      },
      "expansion": "rody",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "rudi"
      },
      "expansion": "rudi",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "rudiġ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "reddish; ruddy"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English rudiġ (“reddish; ruddy”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "rudu",
        "3": "",
        "4": "redness"
      },
      "expansion": "rudu (“redness”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "rud",
        "3": "y",
        "t1": "redness"
      },
      "expansion": "rud (“redness”) + -y",
      "name": "suffix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "roði",
        "3": "",
        "4": "redness"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic roði (“redness”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "bloody"
      },
      "expansion": "bloody",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English ruddy, rody, rudi, from Old English rudiġ (“reddish; ruddy”), from rudu (“redness”), equivalent to rud (“redness”) + -y. Compare Icelandic roði (“redness”).\nThe British slang sense expressing irritation is presumably a euphemism for bloody.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ruddies",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "ruddy (plural ruddies)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "20 8 3 24 23 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 9 5 26 22 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 12 4 38 17 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 16 13 19 20 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English intensifiers",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 9 5 26 23 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -y",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 12 6 28 23 18",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Ducks",
          "orig": "en:Ducks",
          "parents": [
            "Anatids",
            "Poultry",
            "Freshwater birds",
            "Birds",
            "Livestock",
            "Vertebrates",
            "Agriculture",
            "Animals",
            "Chordates",
            "Applied sciences",
            "Lifeforms",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2007 November 4, Deborah Baldwin, “Close to Nature, and the Airport”, in New York Times",
          "text": "In winter, snow geese land at West Pond, a Robert Moses legacy that ought to be called Duck Soup: at this time of year look for ruddies, greater scaups, Northern pintails, American widgeons and gadwalls.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A ruddy duck."
      ],
      "id": "en-ruddy-en-noun-fIryUXjA",
      "links": [
        [
          "ruddy duck",
          "ruddy duck"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(informal) A ruddy duck."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "20 8 3 24 23 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 9 5 26 22 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 16 13 19 20 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English intensifiers",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 9 5 26 23 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -y",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 12 6 28 23 18",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Ducks",
          "orig": "en:Ducks",
          "parents": [
            "Anatids",
            "Poultry",
            "Freshwater birds",
            "Birds",
            "Livestock",
            "Vertebrates",
            "Agriculture",
            "Animals",
            "Chordates",
            "Applied sciences",
            "Lifeforms",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1987, Jürgen Nicolai, A Complete Introduction to Finches, Tfh Publications Incorporated, page 89",
          "text": "Ground doves — two ruddies are shown here — are so called because they feed on the ground.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1994, Birding, page 298",
          "text": "Understandably, birders in the U.S. are advised to carefully distinguish Ruddies from the usually more-expected Common Ground-Doves [...]. (Brightly-colored, pinkish adult male Common Ground-Doves have been misidentified as male Ruddies on several occasions, however.) Unless the fortunate birder happens upon a Ruddy Ground-Dove amongst a flock of sparrows, it will often be necessary to sort through innumerable Inca Doves.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2005, Richard Cachor Taylor, A Birder's Guide to Southeastern Arizona, page 237",
          "text": "Common Ground-Dove — Fairly common permanent resident of better-watered valleys at lower elevations. Avoids town [...] Ironically, Ruddies often ignore the little flocks of closely related Commons, and choose to associate with Inca Doves.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2008, Jim Burns, Jim Burns' Arizona Birds: From the Backyard to the Backwoods, University of Arizona Press, page 28",
          "text": "Out-of-state birders seeking Ruddy Ground Doves should be aware of two things. Ruddies associate much more frequently with Inca Doves than with Common Ground Doves. In fact, in eleven personal sightings of this species in Arizona, I have never seen a Ruddy with a Common nor has anyone else I know. [...] Perhaps this is a slow invasion, and forty years hence Ruddies will be so common ...",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A ruddy ground dove."
      ],
      "id": "en-ruddy-en-noun-ZcsEfLFw",
      "links": [
        [
          "ruddy ground dove",
          "ruddy ground dove"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(informal) A ruddy ground dove."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "informal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɹʌdi/",
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʌdi"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-ruddy.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d7/En-us-ruddy.ogg/En-us-ruddy.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/En-us-ruddy.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-ruddy.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/En-au-ruddy.ogg/En-au-ruddy.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/En-au-ruddy.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ruddy"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁rewdʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "ruddy"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English ruddy",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "rody"
      },
      "expansion": "rody",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "rudi"
      },
      "expansion": "rudi",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "rudiġ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "reddish; ruddy"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English rudiġ (“reddish; ruddy”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "rudu",
        "3": "",
        "4": "redness"
      },
      "expansion": "rudu (“redness”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "rud",
        "3": "y",
        "t1": "redness"
      },
      "expansion": "rud (“redness”) + -y",
      "name": "suffix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "roði",
        "3": "",
        "4": "redness"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic roði (“redness”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "bloody"
      },
      "expansion": "bloody",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English ruddy, rody, rudi, from Old English rudiġ (“reddish; ruddy”), from rudu (“redness”), equivalent to rud (“redness”) + -y. Compare Icelandic roði (“redness”).\nThe British slang sense expressing irritation is presumably a euphemism for bloody.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ruddies",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruddying",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruddied",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruddied",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "ruddy (third-person singular simple present ruddies, present participle ruddying, simple past and past participle ruddied)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "20 8 3 24 23 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 9 5 26 22 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 16 13 19 20 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English intensifiers",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 9 5 26 23 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -y",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 12 6 28 23 18",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Ducks",
          "orig": "en:Ducks",
          "parents": [
            "Anatids",
            "Poultry",
            "Freshwater birds",
            "Birds",
            "Livestock",
            "Vertebrates",
            "Agriculture",
            "Animals",
            "Chordates",
            "Applied sciences",
            "Lifeforms",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The sunset ruddied our faces.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To make reddish in colour."
      ],
      "id": "en-ruddy-en-verb-72DoxTn0",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To make reddish in colour."
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "sense": "reds",
          "word": "red"
        },
        {
          "word": "blood red"
        },
        {
          "word": "brick red"
        },
        {
          "word": "burgundy"
        },
        {
          "word": "cardinal"
        },
        {
          "word": "carmine"
        },
        {
          "word": "carnation"
        },
        {
          "word": "cerise"
        },
        {
          "word": "cherry"
        },
        {
          "word": "cherry red"
        },
        {
          "word": "Chinese red"
        },
        {
          "word": "cinnabar"
        },
        {
          "word": "claret"
        },
        {
          "word": "crimson"
        },
        {
          "word": "damask"
        },
        {
          "word": "fire brick"
        },
        {
          "word": "fire engine red"
        },
        {
          "word": "flame"
        },
        {
          "word": "flamingo"
        },
        {
          "word": "fuchsia"
        },
        {
          "word": "garnet"
        },
        {
          "word": "geranium"
        },
        {
          "word": "gules"
        },
        {
          "word": "hot pink"
        },
        {
          "word": "incarnadine"
        },
        {
          "word": "Indian red"
        },
        {
          "word": "magenta"
        },
        {
          "word": "maroon"
        },
        {
          "word": "misty rose"
        },
        {
          "word": "nacarat"
        },
        {
          "word": "oxblood"
        },
        {
          "word": "pillar-box red"
        },
        {
          "word": "pink"
        },
        {
          "word": "Pompeian red"
        },
        {
          "word": "poppy"
        },
        {
          "word": "raspberry"
        },
        {
          "word": "red violet"
        },
        {
          "word": "rose"
        },
        {
          "word": "rouge"
        },
        {
          "word": "ruby"
        },
        {
          "word": "salmon"
        },
        {
          "word": "sanguine"
        },
        {
          "word": "scarlet"
        },
        {
          "word": "shocking pink"
        },
        {
          "word": "stammel"
        },
        {
          "word": "strawberry"
        },
        {
          "word": "Turkey red"
        },
        {
          "word": "Venetian red"
        },
        {
          "word": "vermilion"
        },
        {
          "word": "vinaceous"
        },
        {
          "word": "vinous"
        },
        {
          "word": "violet red"
        },
        {
          "word": "wine"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɹʌdi/",
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʌdi"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-ruddy.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d7/En-us-ruddy.ogg/En-us-ruddy.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/En-us-ruddy.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-ruddy.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/En-au-ruddy.ogg/En-au-ruddy.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/En-au-ruddy.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ruddy"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English adverbs",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English intensifiers",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁rewdʰ-",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms suffixed with -y",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English uncomparable adverbs",
    "English verbs",
    "Rhymes:English/ʌdi",
    "Rhymes:English/ʌdi/2 syllables",
    "en:Ducks"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "ruddy diver"
    },
    {
      "word": "ruddy shelduck"
    },
    {
      "word": "ruddy turnstone"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁rewdʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "ruddy"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English ruddy",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "rody"
      },
      "expansion": "rody",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "rudi"
      },
      "expansion": "rudi",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "rudiġ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "reddish; ruddy"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English rudiġ (“reddish; ruddy”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "rudu",
        "3": "",
        "4": "redness"
      },
      "expansion": "rudu (“redness”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "rud",
        "3": "y",
        "t1": "redness"
      },
      "expansion": "rud (“redness”) + -y",
      "name": "suffix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "roði",
        "3": "",
        "4": "redness"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic roði (“redness”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "bloody"
      },
      "expansion": "bloody",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English ruddy, rody, rudi, from Old English rudiġ (“reddish; ruddy”), from rudu (“redness”), equivalent to rud (“redness”) + -y. Compare Icelandic roði (“redness”).\nThe British slang sense expressing irritation is presumably a euphemism for bloody.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ruddier",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruddiest",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "er"
      },
      "expansion": "ruddy (comparative ruddier, superlative ruddiest)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2020 September 1, Tom Lamont, “The butcher's shop that lasted 300 years (give or take)”, in The Guardian",
          "text": "Frank, who is narrow and ruddy, and who tended to wear a shirt and tie with a cherry-red beanie pulled low over one ear, swapped his white butcher’s coat for a puffer jacket, and led me outside",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Reddish in color, especially of the face, fire, or sky."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Reddish",
          "reddish"
        ],
        [
          "face",
          "face"
        ],
        [
          "fire",
          "fire"
        ],
        [
          "sky",
          "sky"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Australian English",
        "British English",
        "English slang",
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1991, Lynn Johnston, What, Me Pregnant? (For Better or For Worse) (comic), page 37",
          "text": "Michael, you have been sitting on your butt for the last two hours! Why didn't you mow the ruddy lawn?!!",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1999, J. K. Rowling, chapter 2, in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, Bloomsbury",
          "text": "I shall monitor your behaviour carefully during Marge’s visit. If, at the end of it, you’ve toed the line and kept to the story, I’ll sign your ruddy form.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A mild intensifier, expressing irritation."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(British, Australia, slang, not comparable) A mild intensifier, expressing irritation."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Australia",
        "British",
        "not-comparable",
        "slang"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɹʌdi/",
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʌdi"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-ruddy.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d7/En-us-ruddy.ogg/En-us-ruddy.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/En-us-ruddy.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-ruddy.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/En-au-ruddy.ogg/En-au-ruddy.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/En-au-ruddy.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "reddish in color",
      "word": "rosy"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "intensifier"
      ],
      "word": "bally"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "intensifier"
      ],
      "word": "bleeding"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "intensifier"
      ],
      "word": "blimming"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "intensifier"
      ],
      "word": "bloody"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "intensifier"
      ],
      "word": "blooming"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "rumen",
      "sense": "reddish",
      "word": "румен"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "jarkočerven",
      "sense": "reddish",
      "word": "яркочервен"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "reddish",
      "word": "rubicund"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "reddish",
      "word": "ruměný"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "reddish",
      "word": "brunátný"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "reddish",
      "word": "zrudlý"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "reddish",
      "word": "červený"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "reddish",
      "word": "rudý"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "reddish",
      "word": "narudlý"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "reddish",
      "word": "červeňoučký"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "reddish",
      "word": "načervenalý"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "reddish",
      "word": "rødlig"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "reddish",
      "word": "rossig"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "reddish",
      "word": "punainen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "reddish",
      "word": "punakka"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "reddish",
      "word": "rougeâtre"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "reddish",
      "word": "rot"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "reddish",
      "word": "rötlich"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "kokkinopós",
      "sense": "reddish",
      "word": "κοκκινωπός"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "ródinos",
      "sense": "reddish",
      "word": "ρόδινος"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "erythrós",
      "sense": "reddish",
      "word": "ερυθρός"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "adamdám",
      "sense": "reddish",
      "word": "אֲדַמְדַּם"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "reddish",
      "word": "pirosas"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "reddish",
      "word": "vöröses"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "reddish",
      "word": "rjóður"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "reddish",
      "word": "rauðleitur"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "reddish",
      "word": "roða-"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "reddish",
      "word": "rauður"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "reddish",
      "word": "rubicondo"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "reddish",
      "word": "rubicundus"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "reddish",
      "word": "rauwhero"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "reddish",
      "word": "kōpura"
    },
    {
      "code": "nrf",
      "english": "red-faced",
      "lang": "Norman",
      "sense": "reddish",
      "word": "rouogeaud"
    },
    {
      "code": "pdt",
      "lang": "Plautdietsch",
      "sense": "reddish",
      "word": "rodlich"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "reddish",
      "word": "avermelhado"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "reddish",
      "word": "roșcat"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "krasnovátyj",
      "sense": "reddish",
      "word": "краснова́тый"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "english": "face",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "rumjányj",
      "sense": "reddish",
      "word": "румя́ный"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "reddish",
      "word": "rubicundo"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "reddish",
      "word": "rödlätt"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "reddish",
      "word": "rödfärgad"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "reddish",
      "word": "rödblommig"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "reddish",
      "word": "rödaktig"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "a mild intensifier",
      "word": "verrekt"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "a mild intensifier",
      "word": "kirottu"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "a mild intensifier",
      "word": "hemmetin"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "a mild intensifier",
      "word": "verdammt"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "a mild intensifier",
      "word": "verflixt"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "a mild intensifier",
      "word": "bölvaður"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "a mild intensifier",
      "word": "fjárans"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "a mild intensifier",
      "word": "skrambans"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "a mild intensifier",
      "word": "fjári"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "a mild intensifier",
      "word": "skrambi"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "a mild intensifier",
      "word": "ansi"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "čórtov",
      "sense": "a mild intensifier",
      "word": "чёртов"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "duráckij",
      "sense": "a mild intensifier",
      "word": "дура́цкий"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "prokljátyj",
      "sense": "a mild intensifier",
      "word": "прокля́тый"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "a mild intensifier",
      "word": "rackarns"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "a mild intensifier",
      "word": "jädra"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "a mild intensifier",
      "word": "attans"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ruddy"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English adverbs",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English intensifiers",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁rewdʰ-",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms suffixed with -y",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English uncomparable adverbs",
    "English verbs",
    "Rhymes:English/ʌdi",
    "Rhymes:English/ʌdi/2 syllables",
    "en:Ducks"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁rewdʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "ruddy"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English ruddy",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "rody"
      },
      "expansion": "rody",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "rudi"
      },
      "expansion": "rudi",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "rudiġ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "reddish; ruddy"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English rudiġ (“reddish; ruddy”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "rudu",
        "3": "",
        "4": "redness"
      },
      "expansion": "rudu (“redness”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "rud",
        "3": "y",
        "t1": "redness"
      },
      "expansion": "rud (“redness”) + -y",
      "name": "suffix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "roði",
        "3": "",
        "4": "redness"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic roði (“redness”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "bloody"
      },
      "expansion": "bloody",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English ruddy, rody, rudi, from Old English rudiġ (“reddish; ruddy”), from rudu (“redness”), equivalent to rud (“redness”) + -y. Compare Icelandic roði (“redness”).\nThe British slang sense expressing irritation is presumably a euphemism for bloody.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "ruddy (not comparable)",
      "name": "en-adv"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adv",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "British English",
        "English slang",
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2017, June Francis, When the Clouds Go Rolling By",
          "text": "'You're not ruddy going anywhere,' he said, slamming the door behind him.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A mild intensifier, expressing irritation."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(British, slang) A mild intensifier, expressing irritation."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "British",
        "not-comparable",
        "slang"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɹʌdi/",
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʌdi"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-ruddy.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d7/En-us-ruddy.ogg/En-us-ruddy.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/En-us-ruddy.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-ruddy.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/En-au-ruddy.ogg/En-au-ruddy.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/En-au-ruddy.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ruddy"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English adverbs",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English intensifiers",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁rewdʰ-",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms suffixed with -y",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English uncomparable adverbs",
    "English verbs",
    "Rhymes:English/ʌdi",
    "Rhymes:English/ʌdi/2 syllables",
    "en:Ducks"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁rewdʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "ruddy"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English ruddy",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "rody"
      },
      "expansion": "rody",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "rudi"
      },
      "expansion": "rudi",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "rudiġ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "reddish; ruddy"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English rudiġ (“reddish; ruddy”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "rudu",
        "3": "",
        "4": "redness"
      },
      "expansion": "rudu (“redness”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "rud",
        "3": "y",
        "t1": "redness"
      },
      "expansion": "rud (“redness”) + -y",
      "name": "suffix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "roði",
        "3": "",
        "4": "redness"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic roði (“redness”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "bloody"
      },
      "expansion": "bloody",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English ruddy, rody, rudi, from Old English rudiġ (“reddish; ruddy”), from rudu (“redness”), equivalent to rud (“redness”) + -y. Compare Icelandic roði (“redness”).\nThe British slang sense expressing irritation is presumably a euphemism for bloody.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ruddies",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "ruddy (plural ruddies)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English informal terms",
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2007 November 4, Deborah Baldwin, “Close to Nature, and the Airport”, in New York Times",
          "text": "In winter, snow geese land at West Pond, a Robert Moses legacy that ought to be called Duck Soup: at this time of year look for ruddies, greater scaups, Northern pintails, American widgeons and gadwalls.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A ruddy duck."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ruddy duck",
          "ruddy duck"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(informal) A ruddy duck."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English informal terms",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1987, Jürgen Nicolai, A Complete Introduction to Finches, Tfh Publications Incorporated, page 89",
          "text": "Ground doves — two ruddies are shown here — are so called because they feed on the ground.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1994, Birding, page 298",
          "text": "Understandably, birders in the U.S. are advised to carefully distinguish Ruddies from the usually more-expected Common Ground-Doves [...]. (Brightly-colored, pinkish adult male Common Ground-Doves have been misidentified as male Ruddies on several occasions, however.) Unless the fortunate birder happens upon a Ruddy Ground-Dove amongst a flock of sparrows, it will often be necessary to sort through innumerable Inca Doves.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2005, Richard Cachor Taylor, A Birder's Guide to Southeastern Arizona, page 237",
          "text": "Common Ground-Dove — Fairly common permanent resident of better-watered valleys at lower elevations. Avoids town [...] Ironically, Ruddies often ignore the little flocks of closely related Commons, and choose to associate with Inca Doves.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2008, Jim Burns, Jim Burns' Arizona Birds: From the Backyard to the Backwoods, University of Arizona Press, page 28",
          "text": "Out-of-state birders seeking Ruddy Ground Doves should be aware of two things. Ruddies associate much more frequently with Inca Doves than with Common Ground Doves. In fact, in eleven personal sightings of this species in Arizona, I have never seen a Ruddy with a Common nor has anyone else I know. [...] Perhaps this is a slow invasion, and forty years hence Ruddies will be so common ...",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A ruddy ground dove."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ruddy ground dove",
          "ruddy ground dove"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(informal) A ruddy ground dove."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "informal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɹʌdi/",
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʌdi"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-ruddy.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d7/En-us-ruddy.ogg/En-us-ruddy.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/En-us-ruddy.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-ruddy.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/En-au-ruddy.ogg/En-au-ruddy.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/En-au-ruddy.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ruddy"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English adverbs",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English intensifiers",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁rewdʰ-",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms suffixed with -y",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English uncomparable adverbs",
    "English verbs",
    "Rhymes:English/ʌdi",
    "Rhymes:English/ʌdi/2 syllables",
    "en:Ducks"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁rewdʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "ruddy"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English ruddy",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "rody"
      },
      "expansion": "rody",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "rudi"
      },
      "expansion": "rudi",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "rudiġ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "reddish; ruddy"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English rudiġ (“reddish; ruddy”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "rudu",
        "3": "",
        "4": "redness"
      },
      "expansion": "rudu (“redness”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "rud",
        "3": "y",
        "t1": "redness"
      },
      "expansion": "rud (“redness”) + -y",
      "name": "suffix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "roði",
        "3": "",
        "4": "redness"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic roði (“redness”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "bloody"
      },
      "expansion": "bloody",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English ruddy, rody, rudi, from Old English rudiġ (“reddish; ruddy”), from rudu (“redness”), equivalent to rud (“redness”) + -y. Compare Icelandic roði (“redness”).\nThe British slang sense expressing irritation is presumably a euphemism for bloody.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ruddies",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruddying",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruddied",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruddied",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "ruddy (third-person singular simple present ruddies, present participle ruddying, simple past and past participle ruddied)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "sense": "reds",
      "word": "red"
    },
    {
      "word": "blood red"
    },
    {
      "word": "brick red"
    },
    {
      "word": "burgundy"
    },
    {
      "word": "cardinal"
    },
    {
      "word": "carmine"
    },
    {
      "word": "carnation"
    },
    {
      "word": "cerise"
    },
    {
      "word": "cherry"
    },
    {
      "word": "cherry red"
    },
    {
      "word": "Chinese red"
    },
    {
      "word": "cinnabar"
    },
    {
      "word": "claret"
    },
    {
      "word": "crimson"
    },
    {
      "word": "damask"
    },
    {
      "word": "fire brick"
    },
    {
      "word": "fire engine red"
    },
    {
      "word": "flame"
    },
    {
      "word": "flamingo"
    },
    {
      "word": "fuchsia"
    },
    {
      "word": "garnet"
    },
    {
      "word": "geranium"
    },
    {
      "word": "gules"
    },
    {
      "word": "hot pink"
    },
    {
      "word": "incarnadine"
    },
    {
      "word": "Indian red"
    },
    {
      "word": "magenta"
    },
    {
      "word": "maroon"
    },
    {
      "word": "misty rose"
    },
    {
      "word": "nacarat"
    },
    {
      "word": "oxblood"
    },
    {
      "word": "pillar-box red"
    },
    {
      "word": "pink"
    },
    {
      "word": "Pompeian red"
    },
    {
      "word": "poppy"
    },
    {
      "word": "raspberry"
    },
    {
      "word": "red violet"
    },
    {
      "word": "rose"
    },
    {
      "word": "rouge"
    },
    {
      "word": "ruby"
    },
    {
      "word": "salmon"
    },
    {
      "word": "sanguine"
    },
    {
      "word": "scarlet"
    },
    {
      "word": "shocking pink"
    },
    {
      "word": "stammel"
    },
    {
      "word": "strawberry"
    },
    {
      "word": "Turkey red"
    },
    {
      "word": "Venetian red"
    },
    {
      "word": "vermilion"
    },
    {
      "word": "vinaceous"
    },
    {
      "word": "vinous"
    },
    {
      "word": "violet red"
    },
    {
      "word": "wine"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples",
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The sunset ruddied our faces.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To make reddish in colour."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To make reddish in colour."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɹʌdi/",
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʌdi"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-ruddy.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d7/En-us-ruddy.ogg/En-us-ruddy.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/En-us-ruddy.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-ruddy.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/En-au-ruddy.ogg/En-au-ruddy.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/En-au-ruddy.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ruddy"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.