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Download JSON data for ruby meaning in English (36.2kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "balas-ruby"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Colorado ruby"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Mont Blanc ruby"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rock ruby"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rose-a-ruby"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rubasse"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rubious"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ruby anniversary"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ruby blende"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ruby chocolate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ruby jubilee"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Ruby on Rails"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ruby port"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ruby-red"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ruby red"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ruby silver"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ruby slippers"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ruby spinel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Archilochus colubris",
"word": "ruby-throated hummingbird"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ruby tiger"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ruby wedding"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "star ruby"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁rewdʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "ruby"
},
"expansion": "Middle English ruby",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rube"
},
"expansion": "rube",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "rubi"
},
"expansion": "Old French rubi",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "rubīnus"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin rubīnus",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English ruby, rube, from Old French rubi, from Medieval Latin rubīnus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rubies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "ruby (countable and uncountable, plural rubies)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "corundum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rouge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rubicund"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rubric"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rufous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "russet"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 24 2 0 11 6 10 15 28 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 21 2 2 18 3 7 19 24 4",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Corvoid birds",
"orig": "en:Corvoid birds",
"parents": [
"Perching birds",
"Birds",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 19 2 2 16 3 13 18 22 5",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Hummingbirds",
"orig": "en:Hummingbirds",
"parents": [
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"Birds",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
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"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2012 March 23, Lee A. Groat, “Gemstones”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, archived from the original on 2012-06-14, page 128",
"text": "Although there are dozens of different types of gems, among the best known and most important are diamond, ruby and sapphire, emerald and other gem forms of the mineral beryl, chrysoberyl, tanzanite, tsavorite, topaz and jade.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A clear, deep, red variety of corundum, valued as a precious stone."
],
"id": "en-ruby-en-noun-qYNfLdC~",
"links": [
[
"red",
"red"
],
[
"corundum",
"corundum"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "robyn"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rubin"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "yāqūt",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "يَاقُوت"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "acw",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "yāgūt",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"Hijazi-Arabic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ياقوت"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "sutak",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "սուտակ"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "manik",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "মাণিক"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "dalima",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "ডালিমা"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "suni",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "চুনী"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rubín"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "yaqut"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "rubin"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "rubín",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рубі́н"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "manikko",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "মাণিক্য ইয়াকুত"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "eẏakut",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "এয়াকুত"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "rubín",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "руби́н"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "rubineno červeno",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "рубинено червено"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "kyaukni",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "ကျောက်နီ"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "robí"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "紅寶石"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "hóngbǎoshí",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "红宝石"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "yahut"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "qan taş"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rubín"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "rubin"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
],
"word": "robijn"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "rubeno"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "rubiin"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rubinur"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "rubiini"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rubis"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rubin"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rubí"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "lali",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "ლალი"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "badaxši",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "ბადახში"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Rubin"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "roumpíni",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ρουμπίνι"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "karkhēdónios",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "καρχηδόνιος"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "ódem",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "אֹדֶם"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "mānik",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "मानिक"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "māṇikya",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "माणिक्य"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "yāqūt",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "याक़ूत"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "yākūt",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "याकूत"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "lāl",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "लाल"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "cūnī",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "चूनी"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "cunnī",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "चुन्नी"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "rubin"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rúbín"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "mirah"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rúibín"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rubino"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "rubī",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "ルビー"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"alt": "こうぎょく",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kōkyoku",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "紅玉"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "lağyl",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "лағыл"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "tboong tɔtɨm",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "ត្បូងទទឹម"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "tɔɔtɔtɨm",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "ទទឹម"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "rubi",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "루비"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rubinus"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rubīns"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "lzz",
"lang": "Laz",
"roman": "mç̌ita toli",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "მჭითა თოლი"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "lez",
"lang": "Lezgi",
"roman": "laal",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "лаал"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rubinas"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "rubin",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рубин"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "delima"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "bakam"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "māṇikyaṁ",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "മാണിക്യം"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "rūpi"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "xmf",
"lang": "Mingrelian",
"roman": "lali",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "ლალი"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "badmaarag",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "бадмаараг"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rubis"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rubin"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "yâqut",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "یاقوت"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "yâkand",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "یاکند"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rubin"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rubi"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "rubin"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rubín",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "руби́н"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "māṇikya",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "माणिक्य"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rùbaidh"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dearg-sheud"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ру̀бӣн"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "rùbīn"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "si",
"lang": "Sinhalese",
"roman": "ratukæṭa",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "රතුකැට"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rubín"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rubin"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rubí"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "sva",
"lang": "Svan",
"roman": "läl",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "ლა̈ლ"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"class-9"
],
"word": "yakuti"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "rubin"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "tab",
"lang": "Tabasaran",
"roman": "jaq̇ut",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "якьут"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "rubi"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "yoqut",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "ёқут"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "kempu",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "కెంపు"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "táp-tim",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "ทับทิม"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "yakut"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rubín",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рубі́н"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "yāqūt",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "یاقوت"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "yaqut",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "ياقۇت"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "yoqut"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "hồng ngọc"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "rubain"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "rhuddem"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 17 0 12 13 6 9",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "rubin",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "רובין"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 15 25 1 8 18 4 7 11 11",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Birthstones",
"orig": "en:Birthstones",
"parents": [
"Gems",
"Jewelry",
"Mineralogy",
"Clothing",
"Geology",
"Human",
"Earth sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 12 24 1 7 17 13 7 9 10",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Gems",
"orig": "en:Gems",
"parents": [
"Jewelry",
"Mineralogy",
"Clothing",
"Geology",
"Human",
"Earth sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A red spinel."
],
"id": "en-ruby-en-noun-gUe1iP1U",
"links": [
[
"spinel",
"spinel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A red spinel."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ruby:"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A deep red colour."
],
"id": "en-ruby-en-noun-PvXqLBvB",
"links": [
[
"red",
"red"
],
[
"colour",
"colour"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "robijnrood"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "rubiininpunainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "c̣iteli peri",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "წითელი ფერი"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "colour",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Weinrot"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "colour",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Rubinrot"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "rubinvörös"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "colour",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"masculine"
],
"word": "rúbínrauður"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "colour",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rubi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "colour",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "rubiniu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rubínovyj",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "руби́новый"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "yakudî"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rubínovyj",
"sense": "colour",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рубі́новий"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "rubainaköl"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Heraldic tinctures",
"orig": "en:Heraldic tinctures",
"parents": [
"Colors",
"Heraldry",
"Light",
"Vision",
"History",
"Energy",
"Senses",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Perception",
"Fundamental",
"Body",
"Human"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "0 24 2 0 11 6 10 15 28 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 9 4 5 14 5 17 11 13 19",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Reds",
"orig": "en:Reds",
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"Colors",
"Light",
"Vision",
"Energy",
"Senses",
"Nature",
"Perception",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Fundamental",
"Human"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 21 2 2 18 3 7 19 24 4",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Corvoid birds",
"orig": "en:Corvoid birds",
"parents": [
"Perching birds",
"Birds",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 19 2 2 16 3 13 18 22 5",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Hummingbirds",
"orig": "en:Hummingbirds",
"parents": [
"Apodiforms",
"Birds",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1720, Francis Nichols, Rudiments of Honour, page 296",
"text": "Elgin. Topaz a Saltier and Chief Ruby, on a Canton Pearl a Lyon Rampant Saphyr, which last is their paternal Coat; and the Field Topaz, and Saltier, and Chief Ruby, was the Arms of King Robert the Bruce, they altering the Field from Pearl (as he bore it) to Topaz.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1726, John Guillim, The Banner Display'd; Or, an Abridgment of Guillim, page 504",
"text": "The Field is Ruby, on a Bend Topaz, three Martlets Diamond. [...] Checkie Topaz and Saphire, a Fesse within a Bordure Ruby, by the Name of Clifford.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1754, John Lodge, The Peerage of Ireland; Or, a Genealogical History of the ..., page 71",
"text": "(1) Pearl, a Cross, Ruby, with the Effigies of our Saviour thereon, Topaz, born in Memory of one of the Family's fighting against the Turks. (2) Topaz, a Chief Indented, Saphire. (3) Ruby, three covered Cups, Topaz [...]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The tincture red or gules."
],
"id": "en-ruby-en-noun-51DVYhvT",
"links": [
[
"heraldry",
"heraldry"
],
[
"tincture",
"tincture"
],
[
"gules",
"gules"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(heraldry) The tincture red or gules."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"heraldry",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"monarchy",
"nobility",
"politics"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Printing",
"orig": "en:Printing",
"parents": [
"Industries",
"Business",
"Economics",
"Society",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The size of type between pearl and nonpareil, standardized as 5½-point."
],
"id": "en-ruby-en-noun-en:printing",
"links": [
[
"printing",
"printing#Noun"
],
[
"size",
"size"
],
[
"type",
"type"
],
[
"pearl",
"pearl"
],
[
"nonpareil",
"nonpareil"
],
[
"standardize",
"standardize"
],
[
"point",
"point"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, printing, UK, dated) The size of type between pearl and nonpareil, standardized as 5½-point."
],
"senseid": [
"en:printing"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"US"
],
"word": "agate"
}
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dated",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"media",
"printing",
"publishing"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 13 1 1 7 17 26 10 20 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Japanese",
"orig": "en:Japanese",
"parents": [
"Languages",
"Language",
"Names",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 9 4 5 14 5 17 11 13 19",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Reds",
"orig": "en:Reds",
"parents": [
"Colors",
"Light",
"Vision",
"Energy",
"Senses",
"Nature",
"Perception",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Fundamental",
"Human"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 19 2 2 16 3 13 18 22 5",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Hummingbirds",
"orig": "en:Hummingbirds",
"parents": [
"Apodiforms",
"Birds",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A ruby hummer, a South American hummingbird, Clytolaema rubricauda."
],
"id": "en-ruby-en-noun-KDO5hHhY",
"links": [
[
"hummingbird",
"hummingbird"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
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},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 24 2 0 11 6 10 15 28 3",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 9 4 5 14 5 17 11 13 19",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Reds",
"orig": "en:Reds",
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"Light",
"Vision",
"Energy",
"Senses",
"Nature",
"Perception",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Fundamental",
"Human"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 21 2 2 18 3 7 19 24 4",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Corvoid birds",
"orig": "en:Corvoid birds",
"parents": [
"Perching birds",
"Birds",
"Vertebrates",
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"Animals",
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],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 19 2 2 16 3 13 18 22 5",
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"langcode": "en",
"name": "Hummingbirds",
"orig": "en:Hummingbirds",
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"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A red bird-of-paradise, Paradisaea rubra."
],
"id": "en-ruby-en-noun-EfkCkr8D",
"links": [
[
"red",
"red"
],
[
"bird-of-paradise",
"bird-of-paradise"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹuː.bi/"
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{
"rhymes": "-uːbi"
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"word": "ruby"
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{
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{
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"expansion": "Medieval Latin rubīnus",
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],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English ruby, rube, from Old French rubi, from Medieval Latin rubīnus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more ruby",
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]
},
{
"form": "most ruby",
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],
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"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
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{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of a deep red colour",
"word": "rubiininpunainen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of a deep red colour",
"word": "weinrot"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of a deep red colour",
"word": "rubinrot"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of a deep red colour",
"word": "tiefrot"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "of a deep red colour",
"word": "rúbínrauður"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of a deep red colour",
"word": "rubinowy"
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{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "of a deep red colour",
"word": "rubiniu"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rubínovyj",
"sense": "of a deep red colour",
"word": "руби́новый"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "of a deep red colour",
"word": "rubainakölik"
}
]
}
],
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{
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"2": "ML.",
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"expansion": "Medieval Latin rubīnus",
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],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English ruby, rube, from Old French rubi, from Medieval Latin rubīnus.",
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{
"form": "rubies",
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},
{
"form": "rubying",
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},
{
"form": "rubied",
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"participle",
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},
{
"form": "rubied",
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}
],
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ruby (third-person singular simple present rubies, present participle rubying, simple past and past participle rubied)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "corundum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rouge"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 9 4 5 14 5 17 11 13 19",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Reds",
"orig": "en:Reds",
"parents": [
"Colors",
"Light",
"Vision",
"Energy",
"Senses",
"Nature",
"Perception",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Fundamental",
"Human"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make red; to redden."
],
"id": "en-ruby-en-verb-JX4SNSVE",
"links": [
[
"poetic",
"poetic"
],
[
"red",
"red"
],
[
"redden",
"redden"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, poetic) To make red; to redden."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "blood red"
},
{
"word": "brick red"
},
{
"word": "burgundy"
},
{
"word": "cardinal"
},
{
"word": "carmine"
},
{
"word": "carnation"
},
{
"word": "cerise"
},
{
"word": "cherry"
},
{
"word": "cherry red"
},
{
"word": "Chinese red"
},
{
"word": "cinnabar"
},
{
"word": "claret"
},
{
"word": "crimson"
},
{
"word": "damask"
},
{
"word": "fire brick"
},
{
"word": "fire engine red"
},
{
"word": "flame"
},
{
"word": "flamingo"
},
{
"word": "fuchsia"
},
{
"word": "garnet"
},
{
"word": "geranium"
},
{
"word": "gules"
},
{
"word": "hot pink"
},
{
"word": "incarnadine"
},
{
"word": "Indian red"
},
{
"word": "magenta"
},
{
"word": "maroon"
},
{
"word": "misty rose"
},
{
"word": "nacarat"
},
{
"word": "oxblood"
},
{
"word": "pillar-box red"
},
{
"word": "pink"
},
{
"word": "Pompeian red"
},
{
"word": "poppy"
},
{
"word": "raspberry"
},
{
"word": "red violet"
},
{
"word": "rose"
},
{
"word": "ruddy"
},
{
"word": "salmon"
},
{
"word": "sanguine"
},
{
"word": "scarlet"
},
{
"word": "shocking pink"
},
{
"word": "stammel"
},
{
"word": "strawberry"
},
{
"word": "Turkey red"
},
{
"word": "Venetian red"
},
{
"word": "vermilion"
},
{
"word": "vinaceous"
},
{
"word": "vinous"
},
{
"word": "violet red"
},
{
"word": "wine"
},
{
"word": "carbuncle"
},
{
"word": "spinel"
},
{
"sense": "reds",
"word": "red"
}
],
"tags": [
"poetic",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹuː.bi/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːbi"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-AcpoKrane-ruby.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-ruby.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-ruby.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-ruby.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-ruby.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"text": "Audio (UK)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ruby"
],
"word": "ruby"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ルビ",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "rubi"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese: ルビ (rubi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Japanese: ルビ (rubi)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ruby",
"id": "printing"
},
"expansion": "ruby",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the British 5½-point type size ruby (etymology 1), used for annotations in printed documents.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rubies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ruby (plural rubies)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Typography",
"orig": "en:Typography",
"parents": [
"Printing",
"Writing",
"Industries",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Business",
"Human",
"Communication",
"Economics",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Social sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "0 24 2 0 11 6 10 15 28 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 16 3 1 17 8 11 17 23 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 9 4 5 14 5 17 11 13 19",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Reds",
"orig": "en:Reds",
"parents": [
"Colors",
"Light",
"Vision",
"Energy",
"Senses",
"Nature",
"Perception",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Fundamental",
"Human"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 21 2 2 18 3 7 19 24 4",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Corvoid birds",
"orig": "en:Corvoid birds",
"parents": [
"Perching birds",
"Birds",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 19 2 2 16 3 13 18 22 5",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Hummingbirds",
"orig": "en:Hummingbirds",
"parents": [
"Apodiforms",
"Birds",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A pronunciation guide written above or beside Chinese characters."
],
"id": "en-ruby-en-noun-en:pronunciation_guide",
"links": [
[
"typography",
"typography"
],
[
"pronunciation",
"pronunciation"
],
[
"guide",
"guide"
],
[
"Chinese characters",
"Chinese character"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(typography) A pronunciation guide written above or beside Chinese characters."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "furigana"
},
{
"word": "pinyin"
},
{
"word": "yomigana"
},
{
"word": "Zhuyin"
}
],
"senseid": [
"en:pronunciation guide"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rubi"
}
],
"topics": [
"media",
"publishing",
"typography"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "pronunciation guide",
"word": "註音"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhùyīn",
"sense": "pronunciation guide",
"word": "注音"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "pronunciation guide",
"word": "標音"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "biāoyīn",
"sense": "pronunciation guide",
"word": "标音"
},
{
"alt": "ふりがな",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "furigana",
"sense": "pronunciation guide",
"word": "振り仮名"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "rubi",
"sense": "pronunciation guide",
"word": "ルビ"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "agát",
"sense": "pronunciation guide",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ага́т"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rúbi",
"sense": "pronunciation guide",
"tags": [
"indeclinable",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ру́би"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "pronunciation guide",
"word": "chữ phiên âm"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "pronunciation guide",
"word": "ký tự phiên âm"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "pronunciation guide",
"word": "chữ ruby"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹuː.bi/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːbi"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-AcpoKrane-ruby.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-ruby.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-ruby.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-ruby.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-ruby.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"text": "Audio (UK)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ruby"
],
"word": "ruby"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁rewdʰ-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
"Requests for gender in Dutch entries",
"Requests for gender in Urdu entries",
"Rhymes:English/uːbi",
"Rhymes:English/uːbi/2 syllables",
"en:Birthstones",
"en:Corvoid birds",
"en:Gems",
"en:Hummingbirds",
"en:Japanese",
"en:Reds"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "balas-ruby"
},
{
"word": "Colorado ruby"
},
{
"word": "Mont Blanc ruby"
},
{
"word": "rock ruby"
},
{
"word": "rose-a-ruby"
},
{
"word": "rubasse"
},
{
"word": "rubious"
},
{
"word": "ruby anniversary"
},
{
"word": "ruby blende"
},
{
"word": "ruby chocolate"
},
{
"word": "ruby jubilee"
},
{
"word": "Ruby on Rails"
},
{
"word": "ruby port"
},
{
"word": "ruby-red"
},
{
"word": "ruby red"
},
{
"word": "ruby silver"
},
{
"word": "ruby slippers"
},
{
"word": "ruby spinel"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Archilochus colubris",
"word": "ruby-throated hummingbird"
},
{
"word": "ruby tiger"
},
{
"word": "ruby wedding"
},
{
"word": "star ruby"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁rewdʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "ruby"
},
"expansion": "Middle English ruby",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rube"
},
"expansion": "rube",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "rubi"
},
"expansion": "Old French rubi",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "rubīnus"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin rubīnus",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English ruby, rube, from Old French rubi, from Medieval Latin rubīnus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rubies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "ruby (countable and uncountable, plural rubies)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "corundum"
},
{
"word": "rouge"
},
{
"word": "rubicund"
},
{
"word": "rubric"
},
{
"word": "rufous"
},
{
"word": "russet"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2012 March 23, Lee A. Groat, “Gemstones”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, archived from the original on 2012-06-14, page 128",
"text": "Although there are dozens of different types of gems, among the best known and most important are diamond, ruby and sapphire, emerald and other gem forms of the mineral beryl, chrysoberyl, tanzanite, tsavorite, topaz and jade.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A clear, deep, red variety of corundum, valued as a precious stone."
],
"links": [
[
"red",
"red"
],
[
"corundum",
"corundum"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A red spinel."
],
"links": [
[
"spinel",
"spinel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A red spinel."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ruby:"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A deep red colour."
],
"links": [
[
"red",
"red"
],
[
"colour",
"colour"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Heraldic tinctures"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1720, Francis Nichols, Rudiments of Honour, page 296",
"text": "Elgin. Topaz a Saltier and Chief Ruby, on a Canton Pearl a Lyon Rampant Saphyr, which last is their paternal Coat; and the Field Topaz, and Saltier, and Chief Ruby, was the Arms of King Robert the Bruce, they altering the Field from Pearl (as he bore it) to Topaz.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1726, John Guillim, The Banner Display'd; Or, an Abridgment of Guillim, page 504",
"text": "The Field is Ruby, on a Bend Topaz, three Martlets Diamond. [...] Checkie Topaz and Saphire, a Fesse within a Bordure Ruby, by the Name of Clifford.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1754, John Lodge, The Peerage of Ireland; Or, a Genealogical History of the ..., page 71",
"text": "(1) Pearl, a Cross, Ruby, with the Effigies of our Saviour thereon, Topaz, born in Memory of one of the Family's fighting against the Turks. (2) Topaz, a Chief Indented, Saphire. (3) Ruby, three covered Cups, Topaz [...]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The tincture red or gules."
],
"links": [
[
"heraldry",
"heraldry"
],
[
"tincture",
"tincture"
],
[
"gules",
"gules"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(heraldry) The tincture red or gules."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"heraldry",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"monarchy",
"nobility",
"politics"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English dated terms",
"English uncountable nouns",
"en:Printing"
],
"glosses": [
"The size of type between pearl and nonpareil, standardized as 5½-point."
],
"links": [
[
"printing",
"printing#Noun"
],
[
"size",
"size"
],
[
"type",
"type"
],
[
"pearl",
"pearl"
],
[
"nonpareil",
"nonpareil"
],
[
"standardize",
"standardize"
],
[
"point",
"point"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, printing, UK, dated) The size of type between pearl and nonpareil, standardized as 5½-point."
],
"senseid": [
"en:printing"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"US"
],
"word": "agate"
}
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dated",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"media",
"printing",
"publishing"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)"
],
"glosses": [
"A ruby hummer, a South American hummingbird, Clytolaema rubricauda."
],
"links": [
[
"hummingbird",
"hummingbird"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)"
],
"glosses": [
"A red bird-of-paradise, Paradisaea rubra."
],
"links": [
[
"red",
"red"
],
[
"bird-of-paradise",
"bird-of-paradise"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹuː.bi/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːbi"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-AcpoKrane-ruby.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-ruby.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-ruby.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-ruby.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-ruby.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"text": "Audio (UK)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "robyn"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rubin"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "yāqūt",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "يَاقُوت"
},
{
"code": "acw",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "yāgūt",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"Hijazi-Arabic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ياقوت"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "sutak",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "սուտակ"
},
{
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "manik",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "মাণিক"
},
{
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "dalima",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "ডালিমা"
},
{
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "suni",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "চুনী"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rubín"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "yaqut"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "rubin"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "rubín",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рубі́н"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "manikko",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "মাণিক্য ইয়াকুত"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "eẏakut",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "এয়াকুত"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "rubín",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "руби́н"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "rubineno červeno",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "рубинено червено"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "kyaukni",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "ကျောက်နီ"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "robí"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "紅寶石"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "hóngbǎoshí",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "红宝石"
},
{
"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "yahut"
},
{
"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "qan taş"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rubín"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "rubin"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
],
"word": "robijn"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "rubeno"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "rubiin"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rubinur"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "rubiini"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rubis"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rubin"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rubí"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "lali",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "ლალი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "badaxši",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "ბადახში"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Rubin"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "roumpíni",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ρουμπίνι"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "karkhēdónios",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "καρχηδόνιος"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "ódem",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "אֹדֶם"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "mānik",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "मानिक"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "māṇikya",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "माणिक्य"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "yāqūt",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "याक़ूत"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "yākūt",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "याकूत"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "lāl",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "लाल"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "cūnī",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "चूनी"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "cunnī",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "चुन्नी"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "rubin"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rúbín"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "mirah"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rúibín"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rubino"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "rubī",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "ルビー"
},
{
"alt": "こうぎょく",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kōkyoku",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "紅玉"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "lağyl",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "лағыл"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "tboong tɔtɨm",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "ត្បូងទទឹម"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "tɔɔtɔtɨm",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "ទទឹម"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "rubi",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "루비"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rubinus"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rubīns"
},
{
"code": "lzz",
"lang": "Laz",
"roman": "mç̌ita toli",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "მჭითა თოლი"
},
{
"code": "lez",
"lang": "Lezgi",
"roman": "laal",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "лаал"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rubinas"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "rubin",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рубин"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "delima"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "bakam"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "māṇikyaṁ",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "മാണിക്യം"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "rūpi"
},
{
"code": "xmf",
"lang": "Mingrelian",
"roman": "lali",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "ლალი"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "badmaarag",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "бадмаараг"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rubis"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rubin"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "yâqut",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "یاقوت"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "yâkand",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "یاکند"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rubin"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rubi"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "rubin"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rubín",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "руби́н"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "māṇikya",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "माणिक्य"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rùbaidh"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dearg-sheud"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ру̀бӣн"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "rùbīn"
},
{
"code": "si",
"lang": "Sinhalese",
"roman": "ratukæṭa",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "රතුකැට"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rubín"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rubin"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rubí"
},
{
"code": "sva",
"lang": "Svan",
"roman": "läl",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "ლა̈ლ"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"class-9"
],
"word": "yakuti"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "rubin"
},
{
"code": "tab",
"lang": "Tabasaran",
"roman": "jaq̇ut",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "якьут"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "rubi"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "yoqut",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "ёқут"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "kempu",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "కెంపు"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "táp-tim",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "ทับทิม"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "yakut"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rubín",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рубі́н"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "yāqūt",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "یاقوت"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "yaqut",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "ياقۇت"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "yoqut"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "hồng ngọc"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "type of gem",
"word": "rubain"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "rhuddem"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "rubin",
"sense": "type of gem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "רובין"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "robijnrood"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "rubiininpunainen"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "c̣iteli peri",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "წითელი ფერი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "colour",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Weinrot"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "colour",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Rubinrot"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "rubinvörös"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "colour",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"masculine"
],
"word": "rúbínrauður"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "colour",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rubi"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "colour",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "rubiniu"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rubínovyj",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "руби́новый"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "yakudî"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rubínovyj",
"sense": "colour",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рубі́новий"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "rubainaköl"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ruby"
],
"word": "ruby"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁rewdʰ-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
"Requests for gender in Dutch entries",
"Requests for gender in Urdu entries",
"Rhymes:English/uːbi",
"Rhymes:English/uːbi/2 syllables",
"en:Birthstones",
"en:Corvoid birds",
"en:Gems",
"en:Hummingbirds",
"en:Japanese",
"en:Reds"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁rewdʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "ruby"
},
"expansion": "Middle English ruby",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rube"
},
"expansion": "rube",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "rubi"
},
"expansion": "Old French rubi",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "rubīnus"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin rubīnus",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English ruby, rube, from Old French rubi, from Medieval Latin rubīnus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more ruby",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most ruby",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ruby (comparative more ruby, superlative most ruby)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Of a deep red colour."
],
"links": [
[
"red",
"red"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹuː.bi/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːbi"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-AcpoKrane-ruby.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-ruby.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-ruby.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-ruby.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-ruby.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"text": "Audio (UK)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "rubinen",
"sense": "of a deep red colour",
"word": "рубинен"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of a deep red colour",
"word": "rubiininpunainen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of a deep red colour",
"word": "weinrot"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of a deep red colour",
"word": "rubinrot"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of a deep red colour",
"word": "tiefrot"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "of a deep red colour",
"word": "rúbínrauður"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of a deep red colour",
"word": "rubinowy"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "of a deep red colour",
"word": "rubiniu"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rubínovyj",
"sense": "of a deep red colour",
"word": "руби́новый"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "of a deep red colour",
"word": "rubainakölik"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ruby"
],
"word": "ruby"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁rewdʰ-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
"Requests for gender in Dutch entries",
"Requests for gender in Urdu entries",
"Rhymes:English/uːbi",
"Rhymes:English/uːbi/2 syllables",
"en:Birthstones",
"en:Corvoid birds",
"en:Gems",
"en:Hummingbirds",
"en:Japanese",
"en:Reds"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁rewdʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "ruby"
},
"expansion": "Middle English ruby",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rube"
},
"expansion": "rube",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "rubi"
},
"expansion": "Old French rubi",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "rubīnus"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin rubīnus",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English ruby, rube, from Old French rubi, from Medieval Latin rubīnus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rubies",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rubying",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rubied",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rubied",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ruby (third-person singular simple present rubies, present participle rubying, simple past and past participle rubied)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"sense": "reds",
"word": "red"
},
{
"word": "blood red"
},
{
"word": "brick red"
},
{
"word": "burgundy"
},
{
"word": "cardinal"
},
{
"word": "carmine"
},
{
"word": "carnation"
},
{
"word": "cerise"
},
{
"word": "cherry"
},
{
"word": "cherry red"
},
{
"word": "Chinese red"
},
{
"word": "cinnabar"
},
{
"word": "claret"
},
{
"word": "crimson"
},
{
"word": "damask"
},
{
"word": "fire brick"
},
{
"word": "fire engine red"
},
{
"word": "flame"
},
{
"word": "flamingo"
},
{
"word": "fuchsia"
},
{
"word": "garnet"
},
{
"word": "geranium"
},
{
"word": "gules"
},
{
"word": "hot pink"
},
{
"word": "incarnadine"
},
{
"word": "Indian red"
},
{
"word": "magenta"
},
{
"word": "maroon"
},
{
"word": "misty rose"
},
{
"word": "nacarat"
},
{
"word": "oxblood"
},
{
"word": "pillar-box red"
},
{
"word": "pink"
},
{
"word": "Pompeian red"
},
{
"word": "poppy"
},
{
"word": "raspberry"
},
{
"word": "red violet"
},
{
"word": "rose"
},
{
"word": "rouge"
},
{
"word": "ruddy"
},
{
"word": "salmon"
},
{
"word": "sanguine"
},
{
"word": "scarlet"
},
{
"word": "shocking pink"
},
{
"word": "stammel"
},
{
"word": "strawberry"
},
{
"word": "Turkey red"
},
{
"word": "Venetian red"
},
{
"word": "vermilion"
},
{
"word": "vinaceous"
},
{
"word": "vinous"
},
{
"word": "violet red"
},
{
"word": "wine"
},
{
"word": "carbuncle"
},
{
"word": "corundum"
},
{
"word": "spinel"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English poetic terms",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To make red; to redden."
],
"links": [
[
"poetic",
"poetic"
],
[
"red",
"red"
],
[
"redden",
"redden"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, poetic) To make red; to redden."
],
"tags": [
"poetic",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹuː.bi/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːbi"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-AcpoKrane-ruby.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-ruby.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-ruby.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-ruby.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-ruby.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"text": "Audio (UK)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ruby"
],
"word": "ruby"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:English/uːbi",
"Rhymes:English/uːbi/2 syllables",
"en:Birthstones",
"en:Corvoid birds",
"en:Gems",
"en:Hummingbirds",
"en:Japanese",
"en:Reds"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ルビ",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "rubi"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese: ルビ (rubi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Japanese: ルビ (rubi)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ruby",
"id": "printing"
},
"expansion": "ruby",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the British 5½-point type size ruby (etymology 1), used for annotations in printed documents.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rubies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ruby (plural rubies)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "furigana"
},
{
"word": "pinyin"
},
{
"word": "yomigana"
},
{
"word": "Zhuyin"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Typography"
],
"glosses": [
"A pronunciation guide written above or beside Chinese characters."
],
"links": [
[
"typography",
"typography"
],
[
"pronunciation",
"pronunciation"
],
[
"guide",
"guide"
],
[
"Chinese characters",
"Chinese character"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(typography) A pronunciation guide written above or beside Chinese characters."
],
"senseid": [
"en:pronunciation guide"
],
"topics": [
"media",
"publishing",
"typography"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹuː.bi/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːbi"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-AcpoKrane-ruby.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-ruby.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-ruby.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-ruby.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-ruby.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"text": "Audio (UK)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rubi"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "pronunciation guide",
"word": "註音"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhùyīn",
"sense": "pronunciation guide",
"word": "注音"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "pronunciation guide",
"word": "標音"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "biāoyīn",
"sense": "pronunciation guide",
"word": "标音"
},
{
"alt": "ふりがな",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "furigana",
"sense": "pronunciation guide",
"word": "振り仮名"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "rubi",
"sense": "pronunciation guide",
"word": "ルビ"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "agát",
"sense": "pronunciation guide",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ага́т"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rúbi",
"sense": "pronunciation guide",
"tags": [
"indeclinable",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ру́би"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "pronunciation guide",
"word": "chữ phiên âm"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "pronunciation guide",
"word": "ký tự phiên âm"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "pronunciation guide",
"word": "chữ ruby"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ruby"
],
"word": "ruby"
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2013",
"msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": iẏakut vs. manikko",
"path": [
"ruby"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ruby",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (82c8ff9 and f4967a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.