See refractory in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for refractory meaning in English (19.2kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "electrorefractory"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "psychological refractory period"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "refractorily"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "refractoriness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "refractory anaemia with excess blasts"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "refractory metal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "refractory period"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "refractory rhyme"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "refractārius",
"4": "",
"5": "obstinate"
},
"expansion": "Latin refractārius (“obstinate”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "refractus"
},
"expansion": "refractus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "refringere",
"3": "",
"4": "to break up"
},
"expansion": "refringere (“to break up”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "refractary"
},
"expansion": "refractary",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "refractarie"
},
"expansion": "refractarie",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ory"
},
"expansion": "-ory",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin refractārius (“obstinate”), from refractus, past participle of refringere (“to break up”). Originally refractary, refractarie, but reanalysed after other adjectives in -ory.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more refractory",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most refractory",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "refractory (comparative more refractory, superlative most refractory)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "refractive"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "refraction"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1787, Alexander Hamilton, “No. 16”, in The Federalist, published 1863, page 103",
"text": "[…] in most instances attempts to coerce the refractory and disobedient have been the signals of bloody wars, […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Obstinate and unruly; strongly opposed to something."
],
"id": "en-refractory-en-adj-UQ0e0iOO",
"links": [
[
"Obstinate",
"obstinate"
],
[
"unruly",
"unruly"
],
[
"opposed",
"opposed"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "inanimates",
"word": "contrary"
},
{
"word": "fractious"
},
{
"word": "obstinate"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "92 4 2 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nepokoren",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "непокорен"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 2 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "neposlušen",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "непослушен"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 2 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "refractari"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 2 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "weerbarstig"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 2 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "halsstarrig"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "itsepintainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "itsepäinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "omapäinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 2 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "réfractaire"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 2 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "widerborstig"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 2 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "widerspenstig"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 2 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "störrisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 2 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "halsstarrig"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 2 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "renitent"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 2 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "widersätzlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 2 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "aufsässig"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 2 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "anypótaktos",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "ανυπότακτος"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 2 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "makacs"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 2 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "ellenszegülő"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 2 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "ellenálló"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 2 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "szembeszálló"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 2 2",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "refraktara"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 2 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "refrattario"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 2 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "refrattaria"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 2 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "tīhoihoi"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 2 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "tīhoi"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 2 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "refratário"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 2 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "refrakteran"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 2 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "tvrdokoran"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 2 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "refractario"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 2 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "motspänstig"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 36 6 17 5 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 40 9 14 7 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1855, Frederick Overman, A Treatise on Metallurgy, page 315",
"text": "Pure lime is extremely refractory, but readily fusible if any silex is brought in contact with it; […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Not affected by great heat."
],
"id": "en-refractory-en-adj-en:heat_resistant",
"links": [
[
"heat",
"heat"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:heat-resistant"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "heat-resistant"
},
{
"word": "fireproof"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 88 10 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ogneuporen",
"sense": "not affected by great heat",
"word": "огнеупорен"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 88 10 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "not affected by great heat",
"word": "refractari"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 88 10 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "not affected by great heat",
"word": "žáruvzdorný"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 88 10 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "not affected by great heat",
"word": "vuurvast"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 88 10 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "not affected by great heat",
"word": "kuumuudenkestävä"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 88 10 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "not affected by great heat",
"word": "tulenkestävä"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 88 10 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "not affected by great heat",
"word": "réfractaire"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 88 10 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "not affected by great heat",
"word": "hitzebeständig"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 88 10 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "not affected by great heat",
"word": "feuerbeständig"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 88 10 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "not affected by great heat",
"word": "feuerfest"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 88 10 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "not affected by great heat",
"word": "hitzefest"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 88 10 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "not affected by great heat",
"word": "refraktär"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 88 10 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "not affected by great heat",
"word": "widerstandsfähig"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 88 10 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "dýstiktos",
"sense": "not affected by great heat",
"word": "δύστηκτος"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 88 10 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "pyrímachos",
"sense": "not affected by great heat",
"word": "πυρίμαχος"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 88 10 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "not affected by great heat",
"word": "hőálló"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 88 10 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "not affected by great heat",
"word": "tűzálló"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 88 10 1",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "not affected by great heat",
"word": "refraktara"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 88 10 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "not affected by great heat",
"word": "refrattario"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 88 10 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "not affected by great heat",
"word": "refratário"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 88 10 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "žaropročnyj",
"sense": "not affected by great heat",
"word": "жаропрочный"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 88 10 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ogneupornyj",
"sense": "not affected by great heat",
"word": "огнеупорный"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 88 10 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "not affected by great heat",
"word": "refrakteran"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 88 10 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "not affected by great heat",
"word": "vatrootporan"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 88 10 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "not affected by great heat",
"word": "refractario"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Medicine",
"orig": "en:Medicine",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1949, Albert Fields, John Hoesley, “Neck and Shoulder Pain”, in Calif. Med., 70(6):478-482",
"text": "Many of the vague and refractory cases of neck and shoulder pain and of migraine may be due to cervical disc disease.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1990, H. A. Ring et al., “Vigabatrin: rational treatment for chronic epilepsy”, in J. Neurol. Neurosurg.Psychiatry, 53(12):1051-1055",
"text": "In 33 adult patients with long standing refractory epilepsy on treatment with one or two standard anti-convulsant drugs,",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Resistant to treatment; not responding adequately to therapy."
],
"id": "en-refractory-en-adj-iQLvYz92",
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"Resistant",
"resistant"
],
[
"treatment",
"treatment"
],
[
"respond",
"respond"
],
[
"adequately",
"adequately"
],
[
"therapy",
"therapy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(medicine) Resistant to treatment; not responding adequately to therapy."
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Biology",
"orig": "en:Biology",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1959, Nobusada Ishiko, Werner R. Loewenstein, “Electrical output of a receptor membrane”, in Science, 130:1405-6",
"text": "The production of a generator potential leaves a refractory state in the receptor membrane […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1970, S.S. Barold et al., “Chest wall stimulation in evaluation of patients with implanted ventricular-inhibited demand pacemakers”, in Br. Heart J., 32(6):783-789",
"text": "The […] delivery of external stimuli […] delineates the pacemaker refractory period after the emission of a pacing stimulus and after the sensing of a spontaneous beat.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Incapable of registering a reaction or stimulus."
],
"id": "en-refractory-en-adj-is8HytDL",
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"Incapable",
"incapable"
],
[
"reaction",
"reaction"
],
[
"stimulus",
"stimulus"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biology) Incapable of registering a reaction or stimulus."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "7 9 3 81",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "biology: incapable of registering a reaction or stimulus",
"word": "unbeeinflussbar"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 9 3 81",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "biology: incapable of registering a reaction or stimulus",
"word": "refraktär"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 9 3 81",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "biology: incapable of registering a reaction or stimulus",
"word": "passiv"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 9 3 81",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "biology: incapable of registering a reaction or stimulus",
"word": "unempfindlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 9 3 81",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "biology: incapable of registering a reaction or stimulus",
"word": "nicht empfänglich"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 9 3 81",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "biology: incapable of registering a reaction or stimulus",
"word": "reizunempfindlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 9 3 81",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "biology: incapable of registering a reaction or stimulus",
"word": "refrakteran"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹɪˈfɹæk.təɹ.i/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-æktəɹi"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-refractory.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f7/En-us-refractory.ogg/En-us-refractory.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/En-us-refractory.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-refractory.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4a/En-au-refractory.ogg/En-au-refractory.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/En-au-refractory.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "24 32 27 17",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "trudno lečim",
"sense": "medicine: difficult to heal",
"word": "трудно лечим"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 32 27 17",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "medicine: difficult to heal",
"word": "itsepintainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 32 27 17",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "medicine: difficult to heal",
"word": "refraktorinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 32 27 17",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "medicine: difficult to heal",
"word": "refraktaarinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 32 27 17",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "medicine: difficult to heal",
"word": "réfractaire"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 32 27 17",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "medicine: difficult to heal",
"word": "hartnäckig"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 32 27 17",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "medicine: difficult to heal",
"word": "nicht auf Therapie ansprechend"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 32 27 17",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "medicine: difficult to heal",
"word": "unbeeinflussbar"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 32 27 17",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "anthektikós",
"sense": "medicine: difficult to heal",
"word": "ανθεκτικός"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 32 27 17",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "dysíatos",
"sense": "medicine: difficult to heal",
"word": "δυσίατος"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 32 27 17",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "medicine: difficult to heal",
"word": "nehezen kezelhető/gyógyítható"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 32 27 17",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "medicine: difficult to heal",
"word": "refrakter"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 32 27 17",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "medicine: difficult to heal",
"word": "refraktara"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 32 27 17",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "medicine: difficult to heal",
"word": "refrattario"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 32 27 17",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "medicine: difficult to heal",
"word": "refratário"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 32 27 17",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "medicine: difficult to heal",
"word": "refrakteran"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 32 27 17",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "medicine: difficult to heal",
"word": "tvrdokoran"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 32 27 17",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "medicine: difficult to heal",
"word": "refractario"
}
],
"word": "refractory"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "refractārius",
"4": "",
"5": "obstinate"
},
"expansion": "Latin refractārius (“obstinate”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "refractus"
},
"expansion": "refractus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "refringere",
"3": "",
"4": "to break up"
},
"expansion": "refringere (“to break up”)",
"name": "m"
},
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"_dis1": "88 12",
"code": "de",
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"sense": "material with a high melting point",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Feuerfestmaterial"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 12",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
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],
"word": "feuerfestes Material"
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"_dis1": "88 12",
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"lang": "German",
"sense": "material with a high melting point",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "feuerfester Stoff"
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{
"_dis1": "88 12",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
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"tags": [
"masculine"
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"word": "feuerfester Baustoff"
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{
"_dis1": "88 12",
"code": "el",
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"tags": [
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],
"word": "πυρίμαχος"
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{
"_dis1": "88 12",
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"tags": [
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]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A plant or factory that produces such material."
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"English terms with audio links",
"English undefined derivations",
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"word": "electrorefractory"
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{
"word": "psychological refractory period"
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{
"word": "refractorily"
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{
"word": "refractoriness"
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{
"word": "refractory anaemia with excess blasts"
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{
"word": "refractory metal"
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{
"word": "refractory period"
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{
"word": "refractory rhyme"
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"ref": "1787, Alexander Hamilton, “No. 16”, in The Federalist, published 1863, page 103",
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"word": "contrary"
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"glosses": [
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"word": "fireproof"
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"ref": "1949, Albert Fields, John Hoesley, “Neck and Shoulder Pain”, in Calif. Med., 70(6):478-482",
"text": "Many of the vague and refractory cases of neck and shoulder pain and of migraine may be due to cervical disc disease.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1990, H. A. Ring et al., “Vigabatrin: rational treatment for chronic epilepsy”, in J. Neurol. Neurosurg.Psychiatry, 53(12):1051-1055",
"text": "In 33 adult patients with long standing refractory epilepsy on treatment with one or two standard anti-convulsant drugs,",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
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[
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],
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"sciences"
]
},
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"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
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"ref": "1959, Nobusada Ishiko, Werner R. Loewenstein, “Electrical output of a receptor membrane”, in Science, 130:1405-6",
"text": "The production of a generator potential leaves a refractory state in the receptor membrane […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1970, S.S. Barold et al., “Chest wall stimulation in evaluation of patients with implanted ventricular-inhibited demand pacemakers”, in Br. Heart J., 32(6):783-789",
"text": "The […] delivery of external stimuli […] delineates the pacemaker refractory period after the emission of a pacing stimulus and after the sensing of a spontaneous beat.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
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"biology"
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"incapable"
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[
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"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nepokoren",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "непокорен"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "neposlušen",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "непослушен"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "refractari"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "weerbarstig"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "halsstarrig"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "itsepintainen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "itsepäinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "omapäinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "réfractaire"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "widerborstig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "widerspenstig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "störrisch"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "halsstarrig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "renitent"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "widersätzlich"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "aufsässig"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "anypótaktos",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "ανυπότακτος"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "makacs"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "ellenszegülő"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "ellenálló"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "szembeszálló"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "refraktara"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "refrattario"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "refrattaria"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "tīhoihoi"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "tīhoi"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "refratário"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "refrakteran"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "tvrdokoran"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "refractario"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "obstinate; strongly opposed",
"word": "motspänstig"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ogneuporen",
"sense": "not affected by great heat",
"word": "огнеупорен"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "not affected by great heat",
"word": "refractari"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "not affected by great heat",
"word": "žáruvzdorný"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "not affected by great heat",
"word": "vuurvast"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "not affected by great heat",
"word": "kuumuudenkestävä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "not affected by great heat",
"word": "tulenkestävä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "not affected by great heat",
"word": "réfractaire"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "not affected by great heat",
"word": "hitzebeständig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "not affected by great heat",
"word": "feuerbeständig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "not affected by great heat",
"word": "feuerfest"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "not affected by great heat",
"word": "hitzefest"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "not affected by great heat",
"word": "refraktär"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "not affected by great heat",
"word": "widerstandsfähig"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "dýstiktos",
"sense": "not affected by great heat",
"word": "δύστηκτος"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "pyrímachos",
"sense": "not affected by great heat",
"word": "πυρίμαχος"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "not affected by great heat",
"word": "hőálló"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "not affected by great heat",
"word": "tűzálló"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "not affected by great heat",
"word": "refraktara"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "not affected by great heat",
"word": "refrattario"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "not affected by great heat",
"word": "refratário"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "žaropročnyj",
"sense": "not affected by great heat",
"word": "жаропрочный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ogneupornyj",
"sense": "not affected by great heat",
"word": "огнеупорный"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "not affected by great heat",
"word": "refrakteran"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "not affected by great heat",
"word": "vatrootporan"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "not affected by great heat",
"word": "refractario"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "trudno lečim",
"sense": "medicine: difficult to heal",
"word": "трудно лечим"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "medicine: difficult to heal",
"word": "itsepintainen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "medicine: difficult to heal",
"word": "refraktorinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "medicine: difficult to heal",
"word": "refraktaarinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "medicine: difficult to heal",
"word": "réfractaire"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "medicine: difficult to heal",
"word": "hartnäckig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "medicine: difficult to heal",
"word": "nicht auf Therapie ansprechend"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "medicine: difficult to heal",
"word": "unbeeinflussbar"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "anthektikós",
"sense": "medicine: difficult to heal",
"word": "ανθεκτικός"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "dysíatos",
"sense": "medicine: difficult to heal",
"word": "δυσίατος"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "medicine: difficult to heal",
"word": "nehezen kezelhető/gyógyítható"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "medicine: difficult to heal",
"word": "refrakter"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "medicine: difficult to heal",
"word": "refraktara"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "medicine: difficult to heal",
"word": "refrattario"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "medicine: difficult to heal",
"word": "refratário"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "medicine: difficult to heal",
"word": "refrakteran"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "medicine: difficult to heal",
"word": "tvrdokoran"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "medicine: difficult to heal",
"word": "refractario"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "biology: incapable of registering a reaction or stimulus",
"word": "unbeeinflussbar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "biology: incapable of registering a reaction or stimulus",
"word": "refraktär"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "biology: incapable of registering a reaction or stimulus",
"word": "passiv"
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{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "biology: incapable of registering a reaction or stimulus",
"word": "unempfindlich"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "biology: incapable of registering a reaction or stimulus",
"word": "unempfindlich"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "biology: incapable of registering a reaction or stimulus",
"word": "nicht empfänglich"
},
{
"code": "de",
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"sense": "biology: incapable of registering a reaction or stimulus",
"word": "reizunempfindlich"
},
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"code": "sh",
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"word": "refrakteran"
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],
"word": "refractory"
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"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "refractārius",
"4": "",
"5": "obstinate"
},
"expansion": "Latin refractārius (“obstinate”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "refractus"
},
"expansion": "refractus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "refringere",
"3": "",
"4": "to break up"
},
"expansion": "refringere (“to break up”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "refractary"
},
"expansion": "refractary",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "refractarie"
},
"expansion": "refractarie",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ory"
},
"expansion": "-ory",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin refractārius (“obstinate”), from refractus, past participle of refringere (“to break up”). Originally refractary, refractarie, but reanalysed after other adjectives in -ory.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "refractories",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "refractory (plural refractories)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A material or piece of material, such as a brick, that has a very high melting point."
],
"links": [
[
"brick",
"brick"
],
[
"melting point",
"melting point"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A plant or factory that produces such material."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹɪˈfɹæk.təɹ.i/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-æktəɹi"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-refractory.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f7/En-us-refractory.ogg/En-us-refractory.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/En-us-refractory.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-refractory.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4a/En-au-refractory.ogg/En-au-refractory.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/En-au-refractory.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "material with a high melting point",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Feuerfestmaterial"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "material with a high melting point",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "feuerfestes Material"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "material with a high melting point",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "feuerfester Stoff"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "material with a high melting point",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "feuerfester Baustoff"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "material with a high melting point",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "feuerfester Baustoff"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "pyrímachos",
"sense": "material with a high melting point",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "πυρίμαχος"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "material with a high melting point",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "refrattario"
}
],
"word": "refractory"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.